ecography ecog-01348 · bin l. (2012) ecological studies on the fish food web structures and...

Ecography ECOG-01348Sagouis, S., Cucherousset, J., Villéger, S., Santoul, F. and Boulêtreau, S. 2015. Non-native species modify the isotopic structure of freshwater fish communities across the globe. – Ecography doi: 10.1111/ecog.01348

Supplementary material

Appendix 1: List of references used to build the database one freshwater fish stable

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Appendix 2: Global differences in community structure and stable isotope values

between lotic and lentic ecosystems.

The differences between lentic and lotic ecosystems were analysed by comparing

species richness (total number of species), non-native species richness (number of

non-native species) and δ13C and δ15N ranges using mixed effect models. We found

that species richness did not differ significantly between lotic and lentic ecosystems

(|t| = 0.603, df = 188, p = 0.547) but non-native species richness differed significantly

between the two types of ecosystems (|t| = 2.62, df = 188, p = 0.010), with lotic

ecosystems having overall a smaller number of non-native species than lentic

ecosystems. Stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) ranges differed significantly between

lentic and lotic ecosystems. Specifically, δ13C range was significantly larger in lentic

ecosystems than in lotic ecosystems (|t| = 2.118, df = 188, p = 0.035) while δ15N range

was significantly larger in lentic ecosystems than in lotic ecosystems (|t| = 2.186, df =

188, p = 0.030).

Appendix 3: Detailed effects of native and non-‐native trophic levels on δ15N and δ13C ranges and native species total isotopic niche values in lotic and lentic ecosystems tested using mixed effect models. Significant p-‐values (α = 0.05) are displayed in bold.

Ecosystem Variable Parameters Estimate ± SE DF t-‐value p-‐value Lotic δ13C range Intercept 1.16 ± 0.21 42 5.49 <0.001 Native primary consumers 0.12 ± 0.08 17 1.46 0.162 Non-‐native primary

consumers -‐0.02 ± 0.12 17 -‐0.17 0.870

Native secondary consumers -‐0.01 ± 0.04 17 -‐0.14 0.891 Non-‐native secondary

consumers 0.09 ± 0.07 17 1.37 0.189

Native top predators 0.12 ± 0.08 17 1.49 0.155 Non-‐native predators 0.08 ± 0.09 17 0.93 0.366 δ15N range Intercept 1.16 ± 0.26 42 4.54 <0.001

Native primary consumers 0.11 ± 0.11 17 1.03 0.316 Non-‐native primary

consumers 0.18 ± 0.15 17 1.20 0.246

Native secondary consumers 0.02 ± 0.04 17 0.47 0.646 Non-‐native secondary

consumers 0.06 ± 0.08 17 0.81 0.432

Native top predators 0.24 ± 0.10 17 2.47 0.024 Non-‐native top predators 0.25 ± 0.11 17 2.28 0.036 Native species total

isotopic niche Intercept 3.07 ± 2.34 34 1.31 0.199


consumers 0.86 ± 0.92 10 0.93 0.373


consumers -‐0.20 ± 0.65 10 -‐0.31 0.764

Native top predators 1.89 ± 0.76 10 2.49 0.032 Non-‐native top predators 0.16 ± 0.85 10 0.18 0.857 Lentic δ13C range Intercept 1.48 ± 0.15 56 10.10 <0.001


consumers -‐0.06 ± 0.10 56 -‐0.59 0.556


consumers -‐0.12 ± 0.04 56 -‐2.95 0.005

Native top predators 0.06 ± 0.04 56 1.76 0.083 Non-‐native top predators 0.14 ± 0.06 56 2.50 0.015 δ15N range Intercept 1.58 ± 0.17 56 9.20 <0.001 Native primary consumers -‐0.01 ± 0.09 56 -‐0.01 0.997 Non-‐native primary

consumers 0.25 ± 0.11 56 2.36 0.022


consumers -‐0.02 ± 0.05 56 -‐0.33 0.740

Native top predators 0.03 ± 0.04 56 0.67 0.504 Non-‐native top predators 0.07 ± 0.07 56 1.04 0.303 Native species total

isotopic niche Intercept 1.67 ± 1.46 45 1.14 0.260


consumers -‐1.11 ± 1.11 45 -‐1.00 0.321

Native secondary consumers 1.11 ± 0.25 45 4.40 <0.001 Non-‐native secondary

consumers -‐0.96 ± 0.47 45 -‐2.03 0.048

Native top predators 1.27 ± 0.36 45 3.52 0.001 Non-‐native top predators 0.02 ± 0.66 45 0.04 0.971

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