econews, april-may 2010 ~ northcoast environmental center

8/9/2019 EcoNews, April-May 2010 ~ Northcoast Environmental Center

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ECONEWSThe Newsletter

o the NorthcoastEnvironmental

Center

Inside This IssueKlamath Settlement Deals Signed...........3

What Happens Now?

Wave Energy...............................................3 Humboldt May Pioneer Energy From The OceanSolutions For Water District Dilemma...5

What To Do With The Excess Water In The Mad

How To Preserve Humboldts Forests.....6General Plan Options To Preserve Our Resource

Kin To The Earth: Bruce Cockburn........7Making A Dierence Through Music

NorCal Salmon Season Recap...............8Chinook Stocks Up But Coho Declines

Improving Water Quality.......................9 Low Impact Development and Local MonitoringOutdoor Activities, All Ages.....10,12,13

Kotke Quest, Environmental Education, Hikes

New Rules For Organic Livestock.......14What Does It Mean For Humboldt Ranchers?

Eco-Mania...............................................15A Monthly Melange o Salient Sillies

All travelers driving north on Highway 101 knowtheyve arrived in a special place when they reach thenarrow, curvy section o highway that runs throughRichardson Grove State Park and its towering redwoods.

I remember my own rst journey to Humboldt, packedinto an old Volkswagon van with no air conditioning ona sweltering summers day. With windows rolled down,desperate or a breeze, we drove up 101 through the hotvalleys and mountain passes. When the road suddenlynarrowed and we glimpsed the spreading shade o thatrst looming redwood it was as i the tree spirits hadwaved a wand o cooling relie. The shade o the hugetrees, coupled with the cathedral-like beauty o the grovetook our breath away. We pulled over to gaze up in awe.

No trucks roared by as we stood contemplating themajesty o the redwood orest that so magically creptright up to the sid e o the highway.

Times have changed in this region since that hotaternoon in the early 1980s, but Richardson Grove stillremains a gateway to this unique area the embodiment

o the Redwood Curtain. We are orced to slow ourvehicles when we hit those curves just as a visit to ourorest and beach trails makes us take a breath and slowdown or a ew moments.

Now a highway-realignment project proposed by theCaliornia Department o Transportation (Caltrans)and backed by some area businesses and communitymembers, threatens to change the character o thatpassage through Richardson Grove orever.

The agency wants to remove dozens o trees,straighten some o the curves and construct a 300-oot retaining wall, in order to allow access or STAAtrucks extra long trucks approved by the Sur aceTransportation Assistance Act, which are currentlyprohibited rom passing through this section o highway(see inormation box, p. 5).

The proposed project, now estimated to cost

taxpayers $7.7 million and slated to begin early nextyear, has stirred passionate reactions.

Opponents say that there has been inadequateopportunity or public comment and participation,cite environmental concerns about threats to the old-growth redwoods and accompanying wildlie and worrythat increased access will bring unwelcome trac anddevelopment.

Those in avor point out saety concerns onthis narrow stretch o highway and bemoanthe economic disadvantage to HumboldtCountys small businesses due to lack oaccess to the industry-standard trucks.

The Caltrans Drat Environmental ImpactReport (DEIR) cites a 2003 study which oundthat local businesses and residents pay about10 to 15 percent more or goods due to poortruck access, increasing the decline o locally-owned retail business out o HumboldtCounty. The report states that, Severalbusinesses including lumber, oral, ood andother manuacturing, as well as the localnewspaper, have noted higher costs and haveconsidered relocating out o the county.

A small number o STAA trucks do passthrough Richardson Grove because cattletrucks and moving vans currently enjoy alegislative exemption rom the STAA truck

restriction through the Grove. However, thisis scheduled to expire in 2012, and Caltranswants the road open to unlimited access andto realign the highway to allow two suchtrucks to pass one another saely.

Barbara Kennedy, a Weott residentand member o the Save RichardsonGrove Coalition, claims that people in thecommunity have been closed out o theprocess rom the beginning.

At rst they were not even going to doan EIR (Environmental Impact Report), shesaid. We had to mobilize and we made sucha clamor we got them to issue a Drat EIR inDecember o 2008.

Saety A Non-Issue?Kerul Dyer, outreach director or the

Environmental Protection Inormation Center(EPIC), said the organization had reviewed CaliorniaHighway Patrol (CHP) records and ound very little toback up the saety claims in the DEIR.

For a ve-year period there were only six accidentsinvolving trucks in the stretch o Highway 101 that isthe project area, and only one involved trucks going inopposite directions, she said.

Dyer added that according to the CHP report to theLegislature there have been no collisions, citations,verbal warnings, complaints or highway incidents withregard to the livestock STAA trucks allowed to gothrough Richardson Grove.

Environmental Impacts

Although Caltrans does not propose to cut any oldgrowth, 54 trees are slated or the ax, including sixredwoods. O specic concern is the plan to cut deeplyinto the roots o some o the giant redwoods ankingthe highway.

Redwood science is clear that redwood rootsystems are shallow, lateral roots, which grat to otherredwood roots to develop an interconnected rootsystem or several trees, said Dyer.

Dyer said that the proposed realignment will

harm the trees during construction by cutting andcompacting these structural root systems. Soilcompaction o a trees root system can disruptrespiration processes which power every unction othe tree, she said.

Acknowledging that Caltrans enumerates severalmethods in the DEIR that it will use to minimizedamage to the roots, Dyer questioned the agencysability to ollow through. The project will beoutsourced to contractors, she said.

But Caltrans project manager, Kim Floyd said thatthe contractors work will be strictly monitored.

Weve agreed to have a certied arborist on sitewhile the contractor is working, she said. Addit ionallya wildlie biologist will be employed specically towork within the tree root zone.

We have permits and a set o specications, saidFloyd. They have to abide to them. Its not a choice orthe contractor.

Additional concerns rom State Park Ocials andothers include the projects impact on threatened andendangered species, including the ederally protectedmarbled murrelet that nests in old growth trees.

The North Coast Redwoods Distric ts (NCRD)comment letter lists six dierent threatened andendangered species, and questions the adequacy o theDEIR in mitigating impacts.

The potential impacts on threatened species arealarming enough to have garnered the attention othe Center or Biological Diversity (CBD), which hasallied itsel rmly with the opposition to this project.An Action Alert on the organizations web site urges

Trucking Through Redwoods Steers Into ControversyBy Sarah OLeary

Continued on Page 4

Summer og has decreased along the Caliorniacoast over the last century, threatening redwood orestsand their dependent species, reports a recent studypublished by the National Academy o Sciences.

The papers authors, UC-Berkeley scientists ToddDawson and James Johnstone, say the mighty trees andthe species that live in and beneath them depend on thecool, damp microclimate provided by the ubiquitous og.

Dawson told the San Francisco Chronicle, Theredwoods along our coast are highly dependent on ogas a source o water during the summer when waterin the ground is scarce. Foggy nights are needed torehydrate the trees that cant tolerate long droughts.

Even i established trees can tolerate the increaseddrought stress, the authors say, ewer young trees willbe able to grow to maturity in the same areas whereredwoods stand today.

Redwoods inability to regulate their water use asclosely as other tree species is thought by scientists to bethe key reason the enormous coniers are restricted tothe cool, moist coastal belt that extends rom the central

Caliornia coast to just north o the Oregon border.The study o summer og decline is the latest to

suggest that changes in the global and regional climatethreaten the viability o amiliar ecosystems. But itis among the rst to point to specic climate-relatedconcerns or the redwood orest.

Because redwoods are such long-lived organisms,and old-growth redwood orests create their ownmicroclimates, the news o their vulnerability maysurprise the casual visitor.

Advocates or redwood orest conservation havelong argued that one o the key aws in clearcut-basedplantation orestry or redwoods is that it reduces theproductivity o the overall orest by creating monoculturesmore vulnerable to drought and heat stress.

The study used the records o og levels kept at localairports since 1951, including McKinleyville, analyzingdata together with temperature records rom 114 stationsthat go back to the beginning o the 20th century.

The analysis showed that in the early par t o the20th century the Caliornia coast had about 30 percentmore summer og than has recently been the case.The oggiest year on record was 1951, with 62 percent

o summer days seeing og, while the least oggy was1997, with only 27 percent og through the summer. y

Diminishing Coastal Fog Threatens RedwoodsBy Scott Greacen

Photo: EPIC

A proposed Caltrans highway realignment project that would allow unlimitedaccess to large STAA trucks to Humboldt County is provoking passionate reactionin the community and polarizing dierent interest groups.


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April/May 2010 ECONEWSwww.yournec.org2

Join us onFriday, April9 or anotherun-lledArts! Arcatacelebration.

As alwayswe will hostthe event atour Arcata

Plaza oceon theground ooro JacobysStorehouse.

This month we will be showingnature watercolors painted by NathenSipan and Cassandra Carlson.

Sipan, a sel-taught artist, hasexperimented with dierent mediumssince 1985. Although his earlierwork was in abstracts, he has oundinspiration in the natural wonders oHumboldt County. Carlson, an HSUart student, recently showed her workat a portrait show at the university.Although her primary medium is

paint, she is also a sculptor and herlatest sculpture will be part o HSUsupcoming Sculpture Walk.

As always well be serving aselection o savory snacks andbeverages including wine supplied byLibation.

Coming in May: We will beshowing the art o David Schumaker alocal photographer and ed ucator.

Artists: Show your work at theNEC! I you are interested in showingyour art during our monthly Arts!Arcata celebrations, contact us [email protected]. y

At the NEC, we look orward tospring on the North Coast and theopportunities that a new season canbring. The NEC is no stranger tochange and we appreciate all whovebeen supportive through the recenttransitions.

Some o our members have beenasking about the annual event, its timeto announce yet another change.

Traditionally the NEC has held ourannual event - a dinner and art auction- in April. Because our ocus has beenin other areas, weve decided to switchthe timing o our event to September and we are also making somechanges to the nature o the event. OnSeptember 18, ater the North CountryFair, your NEC will host a specialcelebration including an All SpeciesBall, silent auction, music, dancing andmany other un activities.

I youre the sort o person whothinks planning a party is just asmuch un as the party itsel: We need

you! Were looking or olks to helpin specic areas such as decorations,activities, silent auction donations,rafes and other coordinated events totake place throughout the evening.

We will be holding our rst eventplanning session on Thursday, April15, rom 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. Its ourhope that long-time NEC supporterswill oer their ideas and energy andwe also encourage new volunteers toparticipate. You can sign up or this andother volunteer activities by calling thecenter at 822.6918 or by [email protected].

Enjoy the longer days and springblossoms - and dont be a stranger!Visit us in Jacobys Storehouse Mondaythrough Thursday 9 a.m. - 1p.m. andFridays 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. Were also openor Arts! Arcata every 2nd Friday o themonth.

~Tara StetzInterim Oce Manager

Caliornia Native Plant SocietyJen Kalt (Secretary) [email protected] Region Audubon SocietyC.J. Ralph [email protected] Club North Group, Redwood ChapterFelice Pace [email protected] BaykeeperPete Nichols [email protected] o Del NorteEileen Cooper [email protected] Alternatives For Our Forest EnvironmentLarry Glass (President) [email protected] Clark (Vice President) [email protected] Swett (Treasurer) [email protected] Morris (Trinity County Representive)[email protected]

NEC Board O Directors

Volunteer submissions are welcome! Full articles o500 words or ewer may be submitted by the 15tho each month, preerably by e-mail. Longer articlesshould be pitched to the editor, [email protected] or call 707-845-3902. Includeyour phone number and e-mail with all submissions.

Ideas and views expressed in ECONEWS are notnecessarily those o the NEC.

is the ocial monthly publication o the NorthcoastEnvironmental Center, a non-prot organization,791 Eighth Street, Arcata, CA 95521; (707) 822-6918;Fax (707) 822-6980. Third class postage paid inArcata. ISSN No. 0885-7237.ECONEWS is mailed reeto our members and distributed ree throughout theNorthern Caliornia/Southern Oregon bioregion. Thesubscription rate is $35 per year.

ECONEWS

Editor: Sarah OLeary [email protected]

Advertising: Sarah OLeary, [email protected]

Prooreaders: Midge Brown, Sid DominitzSta Photographer: Sam Camp

Writers: Nathaniel Page, John Osborn, Ian Jewett, TaraStetz, Jennier Kalt, Eileen Cooper, Sylvia Ann White,

Allison Poklemba, Sarah Marnick, Jay Wright, Sue Leskiw,

Scott Greacen, Pete Nichols, Ron Wells, Maggie Stoud-

nour, Wendell Wood,

Artists: Mark Jacobson, Terry TorgersonCover Art: Jason Lawrence

NEC MissionTo promote understanding o the rela-

tions between people and the biosphereand to conserve, protect and celebrate

terrestrial, aquatic and marine eco-systems o northern Caliornia and

southern Oregon.

Every issue of ECONEWS is printed on recycled paper withsoy-based inks. Please Recycle.

Arts! ArcataAt The NEC

News From the Center

Bouquets

We Want Your Letters!Feeling irritated by something you read here in ECONEWS? Or maybe one o this monthsarticles made you jump or joy.Tell us about it! Try to keep your letter to 300 words orewer and include your ull name and city o residence. We may edit or space and clarity.E-mail letters to [email protected], or mail to P.O. Box 4259, Arcata, CA 95518.We welcome your thoughts and comments!

Dear ECONEWS,I was happy to see a letter to the editor

in your last issue that responded to myarticle on Caliornias revised GreywaterCode (December 2009). I appreciate thecomments, and would like to oer a ewclarications:

Prior to February 2009, Caliorniasgreywater code only allowed orelaborate systems that relied on pumps,lters and other high-tech components.These systems, typically designed by anengineer and installed by a proessional,are prohibitively expensive or themajority o households wishing toutilize their waste water or irrigation.Such complex systems are generallymore appropriate or new housingdevelopments where the system cost canbe absorbed in the sale price.

Caliornias new code, as I stated inmy article, works to address simple,single-household greywater systems.Simple systems, when mindullydesigned, constructed and maintained,provide or immediate re-use andexceptional treatment o householdgreywater. Furthermore, they last longer,require less maintenance, demand lessenergy and cost less money than theirhigh-tech counterparts.

I agree with the letter writer. Dale

Watson, that greywater should never berun onto the open ground as a mattero disposal or in order to escape thecost o proper treatment. Pursuant tothe current regulations and commonsense greywater should not daylightto the soil surace at any point. A well-designed system will utilize mulchbasins or constructed wetlands wherethe water will remain sub-surace,providing moisture and nutrients orthe vegetation while eectively treatinghousehold efuent.

Greywater should also never dischargeto another water source such as astream, river or high groundwater table.

Nutrients will ertilize plants on land, butwill cause algae to grow and rob water ooxygen, harming aquatic organisms.

Furthermore, a properly designedgreywater system is installed with theoption or diversion to the buildingsseptic system or city sewer. This givesthe household the option to redirectgreywater in times o landscapeoversaturation or or diversion odiaper wash water or other prohibitedcontents. The greywater code outlinesseveral other basic health and saetyrequirements, including avoidanceo contact with greywater except asrequired to maintain the system, andnot using greywater to irrigate rootcrops or edible parts o ood crops thattouch the soil.

Dale mentions another good point:toxic chemicals. Again, the aim o thearticle was to address simple, home-based systems where the people livingin the house are active participants inmanaging the greywater system andensuring that no harmul substances aregoing down the drain. When employinggreywater or irrigation purposes, it iscrucial to use biodegradable productsthat are salt- and boron-ree. Thesesystems may not be appropriate orsituations with a high population

density or rotation o individuals notcommitted to taking care as to whatgets put down the drain.

One reason that the new regulationsare so exciting is it allows homeownerswho werent able to install systemspreviously due to the burden o costto get involved with their own simplesystem at home. This has benets notonly in water savings, but it brings us allcloser to understanding the role o waterwithin our human communities and thesurrounding environment.

Dan EhresmanArcata

Greywater Revisited

Stop ManagingDear ECONEWS,For all the years Ive been looking

on, environmental problems havegotten worse and worse. Whileenvironmentalists win some battles,groups like yours and many others aremissing the big picture. You win the

same battles over and over and overagain. But overall, the situation stilldeteriorates.

I you go back and read yourliterature rom 30 years ago, youllnd the same stories are being writtenright now. That says only one thing tome. Environmentalists have to changetheir approach because the change themanagement approach is not working.Environmentalists need a new strategy.

There are proposals right now tomake new national parks like nonebeore. The new parks are huge.Waldo Lake to the Klamath marshes,The Trinity River to the Rogue River(Ancient Forest National Park, Oregon

and Caliornias Yellowstone), all theKlamath Everglades.

Nationwide there are ahundred proposals documentedby www.newnationalparks.org.Environmentalists whole thrust or thepast hundred years has been to managethe land properly. Manage. Thats a verysmall idea. A bigger idea is to set asideenough so that nature can managesome o the earth without humanintererence. What a concept!

I dont know why this is so hardor people to accept, that humanshave nothing to oer nature when itcomes to management. Managementis a ridiculous concept that logging,

mining and corporations in generalhave made up to manipulate the treehugging community. Look at yoursel,encouraging land management agenciesto manage, manage, manage by constantlyresponding to their requests or input.

Please help us with the new nationalparks and lets quit this managementgame once and or all, at least or asmall portion o the planet.

I am not a radical, just a criticalobserver. This is an observation. This isa part o where we need to go. Lets notwaste any more time. Get onboard.

Very Truly Yours,Alden Moatt

This months oral tributes go to: Andy Alm, our amazing techsupport guru and webmaster, who notonly created the NEC web site back in thedays when the World Wide Web was new,but recently spent countless volunteerhours updating the site and bringing itinto the current decade. Take a look athttp://www.yournec.org - you can viewcurrent and past ECONEWS stories, seewhat's upcoming on the Econews Reportradio show, take note o Action Alertsand upcoming events relating to all thingsenvironmental, check out breaking newspertinent to our areas environmentalconcerns, and even riend us onFacebook. Coming soon: A calendar o

local events. Thanks Andy or your yearso dedication to the NEC!

Ted Halstead, who has tirelesslyremoved garbage and detritus romLiscom Slough, a tributary to HumboldtBay, or the past 10 years. Halstead didntstop at just picking up the trash, he tooka sledge hammer to old junk cars andhauled them o in his Toyota pickup, andenlisted local businesses and nonprotsto help to clar the channel o debris .

Judge John R. Morrison, who inFebruary dissolved the Del Norte CountyPacic Shores Subdivision Water District,saving acres o sensitive habitatater morethan 20 years o legal limbo.y


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ECONEWS April/May 2010 www.yournec.org 3

The race to nd workable alternative energy sourcesis heating up, and no natural resource is being letuntested. So it is with the waves.

The innite power o the Pacic Ocean could soon beharnessed or what would be the rst wave-energy projectin the United States and it may happen right here inHumboldt County. But the project aces its share ochallenges, mainly due to the newness o the technology.

Portugal built the worlds rst wave arm in 2008,generating a meager 2.25 megawatts, but the project ellthrough due to technical and nancial issuesScotland and England also have projects in theworks, and utility companies across the U.S. arescrambling to nd suitable locations.

Although there are a variety o ways tocapture the energy o the ocean, the processgenerally involves using waves to drive turbinesin one manner or another kind o like howwind drives turbines on wind arms. Butunlike wind power, the waves are much morepredictable and pack more o a punch.

Based on current calculations, wave powerhas a small carbon ootprint 20 grams o CO2per kilowatt-hour compared to 90 or solarphotovoltaic, 105 or biodiesel, and a staggering974 or coal. It also has a decent energy returnon energy invested 15 to1 compared to 8 to 1or solar pv and coal, or 2 to 1 or biodiesel.

In Humboldt County, PG&E has been studyingthe ins and outs o launching an experimentalwave energy system o the coast or the past two years.

It hosted a public meeting about this project in Februaryin Eureka. Although PG&E has been eyeing sites up anddown the coast, the good waves and harbor inrastructureput Humboldt on the companys radar.

Making Waves

The company wisely chose to take the transparentroute with this project, involving government ocials,environmental groups, shing organizations, and evensurers rom the beginning. These groups have ormedinto a coalition - the Humboldt Working Group.

The project, called Humboldt WaveConnect, proposesto test two dozen prototype wave energy conversion (WEC)devices, supplied by three to our dierent manuacturers,three nautical miles o the coast o Arcata.

The devices would generate ve megawatts o power,most o which would go to Eureka, or a 5-10 year

period to see what environmental impacts this type oenergy production would have and how economicallyviable it is.

These devices will eed energy to land via cables dugunder the ocean bed, drilled into the shore underground,then relayed through power stations in Fairhaven.

Five megawatts isnt much in the scheme o energy.Consider that the natural gas power plant beingconstructed in King Salmon is expected to generate 163megawatts, and thats still considered small.

PG&E claims there is the equivalent o three Diablo

Canyon nuclear power plants about 5,500 megawatts in the waves licking the Caliornia coastline.

Economic And Environmental Worries

Although the subject o cost was addressed onlyvaguely at the February meeting, ederal grants havepaid or the initial studies and the manuacturers andPG&E will oot part o the bill. PG&E ocials estimatedwave energy to cost between $6,000 to $7,000 perkilowatt, mainly due to its experimental nature. Incomparison, it is $1,000 per kilowatt or natural gas and$3,000 or wind.

Some environmentalists have expressed reservationsabout the project. As o yet there is very little researchon how these devices aect the marine environment.Advocates worry about unoreseen environmentaleects and disruptions to marine lie and ecosystems,

especially to salmon and whales.Ocials say that these devices would be monitored

extensively to test or impacts and to make sure theresno hydraulic oil leaking into the ocean.

Some o the loudest cries o concern have come romshermen, particularly crabbers, who worry abouthow this project would impact their already strugglingindustry. Additionally, they are concerned about thesaety o navigating their boats around these devices.

There is another unknown with this project: theMarine Lie Protection Act. Representativesrom the North Coast are currently workingto designate what parts o the coast will beprotected, as mandated by Caliornia. I the

proposed wave project area gets designated aMarine Reserve the most restricted type oprotection that could derail the entire project.

As to potential benets to Humboldt County,a big project like this will stimulate jobs, and, ithis project succeeds, Humboldt could very wellbecome a center o renewable energy research.O course the benets o having a viablealternative to ossil uels in a time where the oil-based economy is about as shaky as the earthlately are obvious. Wave energy could be a steptoward energy resilience or this community.

PG&E is applying to the Federal EnergyRegulatory Commission or a Drat Pilot Licensewhich, i approved in 2011, would get the ballrolling. Public hearings will be announced at

that point. But it would sti ll take two years beore the

project is up and running, according to PG&E. yJohn C. Osborn is a local writer who recently developedan interest in community resilience and sustainabili ty.He reelances on occasion with local newspapers andkeeps a blog at www.johncosborn.com, where he postsshort ction, local political commentary, and otherights o ancy.

The February signing o the Klamath settlementagreements marks a major turning point or theKlamath conict and could eventually lead to the largestdam removal and river restoration project in history.

The deals call or removal o the lower our mainstemKlamath River dams in 2020, and spending more than$985 million on agricultural diversions and basinwiderestoration projects.

Although the signing was a major accomplishment,the path ahead looks daunting and even murk ier than

late summer ows rom Iron Gate Dam. Now thatthe media spotlight has passed, many readers may bewondering, Now what? and What happens betweennow and 2020?

The next battles will be ought in the halls oCongress as the twin agreements will require legislativeapproval or unding and enactment into law. It is notyet clear who will be introducing the legislation, butthe odds are on North Coast Representative, MikeThompson. Without ederal legislation, the deals willdie on the vine.

In addition, the $250 million Caliornia portion o theunding or dam removal is currently dependent uponpassage o the $11.1 billion water bond in November.Passage o this mega-bond seems unlikely in a statealready drowning in bond debt.

Bailout Blasted

Even the United Farmworkers Union blasted the Bond inlate February and joined a growing group o conservation,shing, environmental, tribal and amily arming groupsopposed to the bailout o corporate agribusiness.

Oregon has already passed a ratepayer surchargethat will cover $200 million or dam removal.However, without the Caliornia contribution, eitherthe Secretary o Interior must nd that dam removalcan be accomplished or substantially less moneyor an alternative mechanism or Caliornia undingmust occur. Failing this, the agreement does containa provision or private unding o dam removal, soperhaps a deep-pocket beneactor might appear?

The driving actor or the next two years is

the SecretarialDetermination processwhich could ultimatelylead to a decision by theSecretary o the Interiorby March 31, 2012, thatFacilities Removal othe our dams is in thepublic interest, and willadvance restoration o

salmonid isheries.Part o this

determination requiresan economic analysisthat removal can occurwithin the $450 millioncost cap. A changeto the denition oFacilities Removal in theagreement could meanthat a substantially cost-reducing blow-and-gooption is possible, ratherthan accomplishing ullremoval o all the acilities and appurtenances.

Another important requirement will be ullconcurrent state and national Environmental Impact

Reports, with opportunities or public input.Many More Studies

A government agency panel at the recent KlamathBasin Science Conerence in Medord includedrepresentatives rom the Bureau o Reclamation,U.S. Fish & Wildlie Service, and National MarineFisheries Service. Each agency representative tickedo a long laundry list o supporting scientic studiesand assessments that will be necessary as input or theSecretarial Determination.

Its clear that there will be many opportunities orthe agencies to stall on studies and delay the processin getting to dam removal. It will be critical or thepublic and environmental groups to orce the timeline

Klamath Settlement Deals Signed - Now What?By Jay Wright, NEC Klamath Campaign Coordinator

Humboldt May Pioneer Energy From The OceanBy John Osborn

Upper Klamath Lake National Reuge. The ate o the reuge, the Klamath salmon, and water allocations to ag-riculture remains in question until the newly signed Klamath agreements are supported by ederal legislation..Photo: U.S. Fish & Wildlie Service

and ensure that the numerous additional layers oscientic study do not lead to a delay in the SecretarialDetermination.

One o the largest questions remaining centers on

the lack o a completed Drought Plan. A drat is due bySeptember 30 o this year, but it is not yet clear whereand when the public will have meaningul input, or i theplan will be supported by external scientic peer review.

Conounding eorts to crat a Drought Plan is thelooming actual drought predicted or this season. It isexpected to reach historic proportions and may pushthe Klamath Basin into conict along the lines o the2001 water crisis.

Oregons Governor and Senators have already called orimmediate and coordinated ederal aid to help Klamatharmers, sh and wildlie cope. The 2010 water year willbe an important test o whether the Klamath settlementagreements hold ast or whether the Basin once againdevolves into intractable conicts over resources. y

Photo: Sam Camp campimages.com

For more information, visit PG&Es web site:http://www.pge.com/waveconnect/or download the PDFs at:http://www.pge.com/includes/docs/pdfs/shared/environment/pge/waveconnect/HWG-MembersList.pdf


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members to send letters to Caltrans opposing thehighway realignment at Richardson Grove.

CBD is a national organization with an impressivetrack record o successul lawsuits orcing governmentagencies to back o projects that threaten endangeredspecies, so the projects opponents have gained aormidable ally.

Floyd said the Final EIR is almost completed and willbe available to the public in early May. All commentswe received during the comment period will beresponded to, said Floyd. Caltrans received nearly 1,000comments.

We are still getting comment cards and letters,Floyd said. We certainly are looking at those andreviewing them or anything new that might need to beaddressed.

People can still call with questions or send lettersand comments even ater the release o the FEIR, saidFloyd, but once that document is certied the agencywill be going ahead with permitting and obtaining theenvironmental clearance to begin the project.

Originally scheduled or this year, the project is nowplanned to begin this winter, and Floyd anticipates itto be completed, and the road open to normal trac,including STAA trucks, by the end o 2011.

Boon For Business?

Several local business owners and their advocatesdisagree with the assessment that a highwayrealignment will cause damage to the redwoods, theecosystem and to the esthetics o the park. They arguethat the highway changes are minor and that thebenets o removing a severe economic disadvantageare signicant enough to warrant this project.

But critics say it will hurt small businesses in avor obig box stores, conound local emergency services andadd to the damage already suered by local Tribes romthe desecration o their traditional sacred places withinthe redwood region.

Jacqueline Debets, Humboldt CountyEconomic Development Coordinator, said thatmany o the countys small manuacturers andexporters have suered or years rom theserestrictions. These businesses, she contends,provide good-paying jobs and name-recognitionto Humboldt County.

Exporting businesses exponentially drive upour economy, said Debets.

Bob McCall, sales and marketing manager orCypress Grove Chevre, a local manuacturer oaward-winning cheeses, said the restriction verymuch limits our ability to be more successul withour products. He added that the Arcata companysupplies 45 good-paying jobs with benets.

We sell the vast majority o our cheeses outo the area, he said. Small(er) trucks create aproblem because we have to cross-dock Thistakes time, money and its hard on the cheesesshort shel lie. Cross docking, he said, meansthey must drop the product o in the SanFrancisco Bay Area and then load it onto a biggertruck in order to be transported to its naldestination.

Once the cheese is wrapped at the manuacturingacility it needs to get to the consumer within ourto eight weeks depending on the specic cheese. Sowe sell very little o the cheeses with 6-8 weeks shel

lie on the East Coast, McCall said, noting that there are

just too many time consuming steps that gobble up shellie to guarantee the cheeses reshness when it reaches theconsumer.

The lack o access to STAA trucks alsoaects the companys ability to importneeded supplies. Coming and going wepay more than any o our competitors onthe West Coast, stated McCall.

But he said its denitely theadditional cost o exporting theirproduct that is hampering the companysability to grow and develop more jobs.

He gave the example o 950 Saewaystores that had authorized three avorso the companys resh chevre line.However, because o the complexityand additional costs o shipping, several

o the chains decided not to continue tocarry it, he said.

This would have been a signicantincrease in our sales and we couldpossibly have gotten a couple moreemployees out o that deal, McCalladded. The distributors just cant believethey cant get their trucks up here.Other businesses have aced similarlosses o revenue due to the restriction,including Sun Valley Bulb Farm whose owers arehigh volume and low weight. Representatives say theycould t ar more owers on the larger trucks, savinggreenhouse gas emissions as well as money.

Lost Coast Brewery is another area exporter that hasbeen orced to absorb additional shipping cost.

Debets said that the lack o access creates such a

signicant disadvantage that some businesses, suchas Premier Meats and Amulet Manuacturing, haverelocated out o the area.

Also, therell be businesses that wont move herebecause o it, Debets added.

Is It Worth It?

But Dr. Ken Miller, a community member working tostop the project, wonders i business concerns warrantendangering one o the last groves o old-growth redwoods.

These businesses arent really hurting right now,Miller said, so isit worth it?

I you look atthe entire businesscommunity,theres theargument that

this will actuallydestroy jobs, headded, pointingout that sinceWal-Mart andHome Depot willonly site on STAAroutes, allowingthese trucksunlimited accessinto the countywill just make iteasier or such

big-box stores tomove here.

Miller thinks this would cause local businesses to layo employees and even orce closures.

Some business owners agree with Miller and opposethe project, despite the potential benets to theirbottom line rom savings in shipping.

Our biggest industry is tourism, said Talia Rose,owner o Organic Grace in Garberville. They come uphere or the vibe and the way o lie. All thats going tochange i we have big trucks coming through.

Increased truck trac through Eureka poses anotherset o problems, Miller pointed out.

He said that citizens have not been given an

opportunity to assess the impacts o increased tracrom large diesel trucks passing through the city anddriving on side streets which are ill-equipped to handlesuch vehicles.

Emergency Responders Worried

The prospect o more truck trac along this sectiono highway raises red ags or the Piercy Fire ProtectionDistrict, whose volunteers respond to emergencies andaccidents on the long rural stretch o highway betweenWillits and Fortuna.

Commissioner Je Hedin said he is hugely concernedabout a signicant increase in truck trac withoutbetter unding or emergency response.

Were underunded and underequipped, he said,adding that emergency response rom Willits to Fortunais 100 percent volunteer during most o the year.

It bothers me tremendously that as we improve our[highway] transportation systems we are not improving

our unding or emergency services to respond to theincrease in accidents, Hedin lamented. The system inplace was developed in the 40s and 50s and has notbeen upgraded since.

Hedin is worried that the bigger trucks are less stablethan their Caliornia certied counterparts, and heis not sure i their stabilizing equipment will work torescue big trucks going o embankments.

As it stands now, Hedin said, they oten have to calldown to Laytonville and wait hours to rescue truckdrivers who are trapped in their cab ater an accident.

The Tribal Redwood Connection

The InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council,a nonprot Native land conservation organizationcomprised o 10 ederally recognized Caliornia IndianTribes, is emphatically opposed to the project.

Richardson Grove and the area around it representsa very important part o local Indian peoples culturalheritage, said Hawk Rosales, executive director o theCouncil. The Redwood trees are a critical part o thesignicance o the grove because they are considered tobe sacred to native peoples.

In testimony read to Caltrans during a June 2009town hall meeting, the Council stated, The genocideo this lands Indigenous Peoples in the mid-1800s wasollowed by the decimation o more than 96 percent othe regions old growth redwoods. As Indigenous Peopleand survivors o this holocaust we are taking a standon this land o our ancestors to protect our relative theredwood tree, which is unable to deend itsel.

The InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness Councilissued a letter o comment to Caltrans expressing itsopposition and advocating the No Build Alternativealong with additional trac-calming measures as analternative solution.

The amount o space devoted to alternatives is tinyin the Caltrans DEIR as opposed to the data supportingthe highway widening project, said Rosales. The No

Locations o proposed tree removal, map rom Caltrans DEIR

The InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council, which opposes the proposed highway realignment, held a cultural eventat Richardson Grove last August. An aternoon o traditional prayer and song was intended to recognize, honor andpray or their relation the Kahs-tcho (redwood tree.) Top: InterTribal Sinkyone banner, Bottom: Alaki singers romRound Valley Indian Tribes. Photos Intertribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council.

Trucks Versus Trees - Highway Realignment Continued rom page 1

Continued next page

The road is popular with bicyclists who must ride on the narrow shoulder. Thishighway project does not include additional bike trails or other accommodations orbicyclists. Photo: Caltrans.


5/20


Build Alternative is barely discussed. The DEIR is weightedunairly towards promoting this project.

Indeed the 182-page DEIR devotes less than 10 pagesto describing proposed alternatives to the project andreuting their viability. Included in that discussion wereother widening proposals, including a compete bypass othe park, but most o these were rejected because theywould require the removal o many more trees.

Alternate Choices?

Signalization alternatives which would use traclights to restrict two-way trac through certain sections,or allow STAA access only at night when a signal was inoperation - were also dismissed, as were warning systems

such as signs, lights and reduced speed advisories.Caltrans rejected a No Build Alternative saying that

without construction to remove the physical constraints,saety hazards would continue to exist and STAA truckswould continue to be restricted, placing businesses at aneconomic disadvantage.

Many argue, however, that other measures can be takenthat would both preserve the integrity o Richardson

Grove and thesurrounding area andallow businesses toimprove their optionsor moving reight.

Short sea shippinghas been touted as apotential viable optionor some exporting

businesses. But StevenPepper, owner oHumboldt MaritimeLogistics, cautionedthat although this willbe a useul option orour regions shippers,the mode haslimitations.

It will be limited to

What is an STAA Truck?Industry standard-sized trucks conform-ing to the State Transportation AssistanceAct of 1982 exceed 65 feet in overalllength - the maximum length forCalifornia Legal trucks.

STAA trucks have been prohibited from

the Richardson Grove section of 101because the tight curves between largeredwood tress make it difcult for thelonger rucks to stay within the travellane without using part of the opposinglane or the unpaved shoulder. Howeverlegislative exemptions exist for cattletrucks and moving vans.Graphic rom Caltrans web site

What To Do With The Mad Rivers Liquid AssetsBy Nathaniel Page

Faced with too much water and ashortage o unds, the Humboldt Bay Municipal WaterDistrict (HBMWD) held two public meetings early thisyear to address the uture o the Mad Rivers ows.

Three solutions emerged. The HBMWD will eithersell its extra water inside the district, sell it outsidethe district or nd a way to make money by allowingit to run into the ocean. Each option presents variousproblems, but according to District board memberKaitlin Sopoci-Belknap, the ultimate solution willinvolve a combination o the three or else theremaining customers will have to oot the bill.

The easiest option would be to sell the water insidethe district via the existing system o pipelines. Thatwould require luring a water-intensive industry to alocation on Humboldt Bay, or the reopening o the pulpmill.

The latter event is still possible, but not in lessthan two years. The District is in negotiations withFreshwater Tissue co-ounder Bob Simpson and hopesto sell his company 15 million gallons per d ay abouta quarter o the Districts permitted capacity i theacility does reopen.

Sopoci-Belknap said that while negotiations havebeen going well, the two parties have encounteredsticking points. For example, mill leadership does notwant to pay the varying electric bill or pumping waterto the mill.

We sure would like to sell him the water, saidDistrict board member Aldaron Laird. And because themill has no other source o water, and the District no

comparable customer, the par ties will have tosettle on compromise terms i the acility doesopen. But, because the pulp market is so volatile,the District would preer not to depend on itorever.

Pulp is a uctuating market, Sopoci-Belknapsaid. We cant depend on the pulp mill goingorward.

The District could also expand its boundariesto include Fortuna, Ferndale, Rio Dell andScotia in the south, and Trinidad in the north.However, those small communities would notbe able to aord the cost o laying the lengths opipe necessary to reach them.

I it was easible, it would have already been

done, Laird said. Furthermore, those townswould not consume anywhere near as much water asthe District is permitted.

The second solution, selling the water outside thedistrict, is the most contentious. Humboldt Baykeeperexecutive director Pete Nichols, who representsenvironmental interests on the Districts advisorycommittee, called it the least palatable solution.

It would involve transporting water by some untestedmethod to some as-yet-unidentied outside customer,perhaps a city in southern Caliornia. Whether such ascheme would preserve the District s ability to controlits water, and whether it would be a good deal orlocal ratepayers, would depend upon the details o ahypothetical contract with the unidentied customer.

No Takers

No outside entity has yet expressed any interest

in buying Mad R iver water. Despite its undevelopednature, however, this option has the most obviouspotential or rescuing the District rom its nancialstraits.

The third option is to allow the extra water to simplyow into the ocean. The biggest problem with thisoption is that there is no clear way to make money on it.

One idea is that the District might be able to enterinto a mitigation scheme with a community that wouldpay to maintain sh populations in the Mad River tooset its own eects on another waterway.

But increasing ows might be detrimental to therivers sh. Laird said that sh do their astest growingin the brackish water zone near the mouth o the riverbeore setting out to sea, where bigger sh tend to

survive more requently. Increasing the amount o reshwater owing down the river would shrink that brackishzone unless the estuary was expanded to encompass itshistoric breadth across the Arcata bottoms.

No water district in the state has ever justied itswater use on the basis o preserving in-stream ows.However, the State Water Resources Board does oerthe option o doing so as long as the permit holdercan demonstrate that the permitted ows are helpingsh populations.

Wed denitely have to prove that the water wouldbe benetting salmon populations, Sopoci-Belknapsaid, adding that the ecological eects would be morewidespread. Thered be species that would benet andsome that wouldnt, she said.

Since the Mad River has not owed naturally sincethe 1960s, there is very little data about its salmon

populations. No studies o that sort have been doneon the main stem, and only two have been doneon tributaries the North Fork and its minusculecontributor, Canyon Creek.

No one knows how manipulated ows haveaected the salmon populations. To demonstrate animprovement in the sh populations over time would beimpossible without major studies, and it is unclear whomight undertake such studies. Laird suspects that therivers extra ows have not signicantly improved thesh population, based on anecdotal evidence.

Since weve increased summer ow, youd think wedget a big bounce rom that, he said. But it d oesnt looklike we do.y

More Meetings PlannedPhase 3 of the water resources planning processis now underway, with a series of public meet-ings scheduled for June.HBMWD urges citizens to participate in thisyear-long effort at community engagement.Meetings are scheduled as follows:Tuesday, June 1 - Azalea Hall, McKinleyvilleThursday, June 3 - D Street Neighborhood Cen-ter, ArcataTuesday, June 15 - Wharnger Bldg, EurekaAll meetings begin at 6 p.m.For more information, visit www.hbmwd.com

Nathaniel Page occasionally writes or ECONEWS.

Learn More/Take ActionExtensive details on the proposed highwayrealignment can be found on the Caltrans website for the project: http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist1/d1projects/richardson_grove/

You can nd additional information about thepotential impacts of the project and suggestedalternatives, and sign a petition to save the groveat www.saverichardsongrove.org

Although the ofcial comment period hasclosed, Caltrans will review new informationsubmitted. Send your comments to:CaltransKim Floyd, Project ManagerP.O. Box 3700Eureka, CA [email protected](707)441-5739

Left: Mouth o the Mad River.

Photo: Sam Camp: campphoto.com

Various local manuacturers and exporters,Sun Valley Bulb Farm, Lost Coast Brewery andCypress Grove Chevre among them, experi-ence diculty exporting and importing goodsbecause industry standard trucks are prohibitedrom entering the county.

businesses that ship heavy goods and it is much slowerthan direct trucking. Additionally, it will be at least twoyears beore it comes to ruition in the county.

It is not a solution in and o itsel, said Pepper. Butits an important tool to assist businesses.

Meanwhile, critics o the Richardson Grove highwayrealignment say that a combination o other alternativescould allow limited access o STAA trucks into thecounty hence serving the needs o local exporters, whilepreserving the integrity o the Grove and preventingHighway 101 rom becoming another big truck corridor.

Some are advocating a combination o trac signals,and speed limit reductions, along with an eort tolobby or a legislative truck exemption or specic small

businesses.Our stance is not to ignore the economic needs o

the countys businesses, as one opponent put it. Weare a creative, resourceul community. We can ndalternative economic solutions. y


6/20


How to maintain large tracts o timberland, and thejobs and environmental qualities they support, is one othe complex problems conronting Humboldt County asit completes its 20-year General Plan Update.

Property taxes on Timber Production Zones ( TPZ)are about 10 percent o standard property taxes. Butover the last two decades, residential value has begun toeclipse timber value.

As land is subdivided into smaller parcels and landvalues increase based on residential use, the economicviability o sustainable timber harvesting diminishes.Unless policies to protect working timberlands areadopted, Humboldt County could lose its timber baseand vital orested landscape. Such policies are neededto protect working orestlands rom being divided up,while allowing small landowners to live on the land theysustainably manage.

Between 1997 and 2008, 35,000 acres o HumboldtCountys industrial timberlands were divided upthrough Certicates o Compliance, according tothe North Coast Regional Land Trust. Obtaininga Certicate o Compliance is a way to divide landwithout any environmental review or land use planning.

Since 2008, owners o an additional 15,000 acresinitiated the steps to divide TPZ lands using this sameprocess. These Certicates allow or the construction oresidences on land that would otherwise be primarilyused or timber production and habitat values.

Though many rural areas in the county have longbeen homesteaded, there is currently no way todistinguish between homesteading and breaking landup or less environmentally riendly liestyles.

Timberlands can be protected by promotingwell-planned development in areas served by publicinrastructure, while discouraging widespreadresidential development o rural orestlands. Focusingmost uture residential development in existingcommunities will protect timberlands and open space,ensuring long-term viability o the timber industry anessential economic base or our communities.

So the question or planners is how can the GeneralPlan Update encourage small landowners to manage ororest ecosystem values while discouraging the sale oTPZ land to people who lack a land ethic?

One current policy option in the General Plan

Update would create dierent rules or industrialand non-industrial TPZ lands. Another policy being

discussed would limit houses to one per 600acres on industrial TPZ lands, while allowingsmaller landowners to live on the land theymanage.

Several other proposals would give smallTPZ landowners more exibility whileensuring that the large contiguous areas oTPZ cant be broken up into small individualparcels.

I dierent rules are adopted or large industriallandowners, the ollowing policies would apply tolandowners o less than 5000 acres:

Easier Rollout of Smaller TPZ Parcels:Currently a our-ths vote o the Board oSupervisors is required to remove land romTPZ zoning and tax status, typically with a10-year waiting period. This new policy wouldallow easier rollout or parcels under 160 acres.Rollout to rural residential or agriculturalzoning would allow one house per legal parcel.

Option to Remain in TPZ: The HealthyHumboldt Coalition recommends givingowners o smaller TPZ parcels (ewer than160 acres) the option to remain in TPZ withdemonstration o active orest management,such as an approved timber harvest plan,non-industrial timber management plan,erosion control plan, habitat restoration

plan, or uels reduction plan. This woulddistinguish landowners who are working torestore orest ecosystem values rom thosewho are not so dedicated.

Planned Rural Development Program:Environmentally sound residential developmentin appropriate areas would group houses togetherwhile keeping the remainder orested underconservation easements.

A combination o such policies would guide uturedevelopment to benet small TPZ owners whileprotecting the long-term base o Humboldt Countys

Options For Preserving Humboldts Forest ResourceBy Jennier Kalt

The North Coast Regional Land Trust (NRLT) isseeking volunteers or the revegetation phase o itshabitat restoration project in Freshwater.

NRLT owns and manages the 54-acre FreshwaterFarms Reserve located on diked ormer tidelandsalong Humboldt Bay, just west o Three CornersMarket. The area is historically dominated by saltmarsh but was converted, through diking and

simplication o the slough systems, into drier landor agriculture.

Endangered and threatened sh species, includingcoho salmon and steelhead and coastal cutthroattrout, have been impeded rom entering the greaterFreshwater slough system by a levee and gate, so thehabitat-restoration project was initiated in 2006.

The revegetation phase will begin on March 31and is expected to be completed by April 15. Morethan 46,000 native wetland-associated plants willbe planted across some newly constructed tidalhummocks and along the margins o the new slough

channels. The revegetation plan, developed by JohnBair, riparian botanist or McBain & Trush, mirrorsnatural conditions at the site.

This phase o the project ollows the installationo sh screens and the excavation o our sloughnetworks totaling about 3,200 eet in length romthe historic marsh plain.

Two existing seasonal ponds were also excavated

to provide year-round habitat or tidewater goby(Eucyclogobius newberryi). Tidewater goby wereknown to inhabit the existing pond south o the WoodCreek tide gate and it is hoped they will migratethrough the new slough system and utilize thesenewly-excavated brackish water pools.

An existing wooden ap tide gate at the moutho Wood Creek was opened in October, allowingull access to the project site or sh, crustaceansand other aquatic species, as well as the tides thatbring them in. Once the project manager and projectengineer agree that the restoration site has settled,

the tide gate will be dismantled in place andremoved.

Volunteer planting days are scheduled orApril 1 and April 10, rom 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.Smaller groups are also welcome to come and

work alongside the Caliornia ConservationCorps weekdays between April 5 and April 15.

The project area is tidally inuenced andreceives some periods o ooding, thoughplanting times will be scheduled or low-tide periods. Because o standing water andsaturated wetland soils, rubber boots arerecommended, along with gardening gloves,water, and snacks. A portable restroom will beavailable nearby.

To help, contact Ryan Wells, NRLT ProjectManager, at (707) 822-2242. y

Planting Project To Benet SalmonBy Ryan Wells

Ryan Wells is the project manager or the NorthCoast Regional Land Trust.

Jennier Kalt is Policy Analyst or Healthy Humboldt, acoalition o public interest organizations (including theNEC) working or a County General Plan that provideshealthy transportation and housing choices while

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Much o the discussion revolving around climatechange has ocused on carbon dioxide (CO2)emissions into the atmosphere as the major culpritimpacting our global climate. However, as in anynatural system, ecosystem unctions and processes areinextricably linked and now scientists are beginning tolook at the impacts o CO2 emissions on the worldsoceans.

A new study, published in Nature Geoscience,ound that ocean acidication is occurring about10 times aster than a similar event 55 million yearsago. That event resulted in massive extinctions in the

worlds oceans.Scientists are concerned that high levels o CO2 are

being released into the atmosphere at a much greaterrate than occurred millions o years ago and that,coupled with rising ocean temperatures could have asignicant eect on the biology o the seas.

The ocean absorbs approximately one-ourthto one-hal o the CO2 that humans ad d to theatmosphere each year, greatly reducing the impact othis greenhouse gas on climate. However, when CO2dissolves in seawater, carbonic acid is ormed, whichlowers the natural pH o the ocean.

This phenomenon, called ocean acidication, cantrigger signicant impacts to the marine environment,especially on species that rely on calcium carbonate

to make their skeletons. Coral and many types oshellsh will nd it much harder to build their shellsas the ocean becomes more acidic. Moreover, it canalso impact the species that rely on those organisms asa ood source.

While the studys ndings are certainlytroubling and reveal the true complexities o globalclimate change, an opportunity to impact how theEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatescarbon emissions may result rom this crisis.

The agency has agreed to explore ways to tightenits regulations regarding ocean acidication under the

Clean Water Act.The decision results rom a 2009 lawsuit led by

the Center For Biological Diversity, which argued thatthe coastal waters o Washington State had becomeacid enough to violate EPA standards, and that thesewaters should be designated impaired under the CleanWater Act.

The ruling will require EPA to create a process orall states with coastlines to address ocean acidicationthrough monitoring the chemistry o their coastalwaters and to provide support as they developregulations to control CO2 emission levels. y

Pete Nichols is the executive director of HumboldtBaykeeper.

Oceans Become Perilously AcidicBy Pete Nichols

Deorestation, land mines, mass extinctions theseare just some o the environmental and humanitarianissues that Bruce Cockburn sings about, inspiringactivists and ordinary citizens the world over to act toend injustice and environmental destruction.

My role is as an attention-getter, said Cockburn.People come to me with a request to help get attentionand raise awareness about something.

And the Canadian singer/songwriter has beendoing just that or the bulk o his career. This year hewas presented with Earth Day Canadas OutstandingCommitment to the Environment Award, inrecognition o three decades o being an outspokenvoice on issues relating to the environment.

Theres a steadily unolding tragedy out there, saidCockburn. And its enough to piss us all o.

In addition to producing a repertoire o 30 albums,Cockburn has perormed benet concerts or a myriado small environmental organizations in the U.S.and Canada, including an upcoming concert or theSiskiyou Land Conservancy scheduled or April 23 atthe Arcata Theatre Lounge.

One o Cockburns most popular songs, I a TreeFalls penned in the mid-80s, poignantly evokes thedevastation wrought by overlogging. The song laterbecame the title cut or a 1996 album produced tobenet Southern Humboldts Trees Foundation.

Although some interpret the lyrics to describe thedestruction o the Amazonian rainorest, Cockburnsaid that the song was inspired by a radio documentaryon the disappearing woodlands in Borneo along withhis own experiences driving through the diminishingorests in British Columbia.

It was easy to make the connection between thetropics and the northwest rainorest, said Cockburn.

Born in Ottawa in 1945, Cockburn attended BerkleeCollege o Music in Boston in the early 60s, but gaveup jazz guitar or rock n roll and olk music. His 1979hit, Wondering Where the L ions Are, gained himrecognition on this continent when it reached the top25 on the U.S. Billboard charts.

A Respect For The Wild

Cockburn said he learned to love the wildernessas a young child during summers spent at a camp atAlgonquin Park in Ontario.

We would go on extended canoe trips, sometimesa hundred miles, he said. Paddling through thatwilderness and seeing traces o where there had beenlogging in the past d rove a respect or the wild into me,and that shaped my whole attitude toward the world

His awareness o the ragility o the environmentgrew in the early 70s, Cockburn said, when he lived ina truck and spent much o his time traveling throughwestern Canada.

Youd see something or the rst time and it wasamazing, he said. Then the third time through youdnotice it wasnt there anymore its got a development

sitting on it.Theres a heartbreak in that, he said. Its like this

was a beautiul thing and it aint there anymore and itsnever coming back.

Music isnt the only medium that Cockburn usesto raise awareness about environmental and politicalissues. During the late 90s he was deeply involved increating the lm River o Sand about the eects odesertication in Mali, and 2008 saw the release o theCanadian lm, Return to Nepal in which Cockburnexamines the connection between humans and theenvironment.

The desertication o Mali is a lot aboutdeorestation. When you talk to the old people in thosevillages, they can remember looking up at the hillsidesand seeing them covered with trees, said Cockburn.And there were animals in the bush - lions, birds.And it was all cut down or rewood theres no moreanimals, theres no more trees, theres no more water.

The musician has worked since 1995 on theinternational eort to ban land mines worldwid e.

Landmines are evidence that war is the biggestpolluter o all, he said.

The musician joined with activists in an eort tobring about a international ban on the destructivemilitary practice.

Enough pressure was brought to bear that aninternational treaty was signed in 2007 banninglandmines, said Cockburn. Around 450 countries,including Canada, are signatories to that treaty.

But the big ones havent signed yet, he said,noting that the U.S., China and Russia have resistedsigning the treaty. Cockburn has perormed severalbenet concerts to raise awareness on this issue and

to galvanize grassroots support in compelling the U.S.government to sign the treaty.

Take A Stand

Whether your pressing issue is deorestation,species extinction, climate change or anothermaniestation o a world out o balance, Cockburnsays to get involved in whatever way you can.

To the extent that we still have democracyyouve got to keep pounding your representatives ingovernment about this stu because they run onvotes and i they think theyre gonna get voted outtheyre gonna listen, he said.

Its a slow and rustrating process but its the bestthing weve got right now other than taking directaction o course and getting in the way.

Cockburn acknowledged that the direct actionroute is not open or everyone.

That is an option o course or those who can do itand are inspired to do it, he said. But or everybodyelse, the 9 to 5ers, those with kids in school or otherconcerns its through the political arena that we canmake things happen.

He pointed to the Siskiyou Land Conservancy(SLC) as a positive eort to make eective change.The organization purchases land parcels to hold inconservation.

The strategy is eective and its a way to do an endrun, he said. This is how we got the land mine treatiessigned, they did an end run around the ormal politicalprocesses and went ahead and xed it.

Finding ways to circumvent obstacles makes goodactivism, Cockburn said. I the government isnt goingto protect the land in question, buy it and protect ityoursel.

You cant take on everything, Cockburn tells thosewho would change the world. Go or the thing thatlooks like you can grab it. I everybody did that I thinkthe world would be in a less dire state than it is, he said.

And or those that are spiritually inclined at all pray like hell. y

Making A Dierence Through Music: Bruce CockburnKin to the Earth

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Ater two years o recreational ocean salmonshing closures, and our years o ocean commercialsalmon shing closures, the 2010 season orecast orKlamath River and Central Valley stocks show levels oabundance that could allow shermen to get their boatsback on the water, briey.

The Pacic Coast Fishery Management Council

(PFMC) released its post-season recap in mid Marchdetailing the 2009 all salmon runs and suggestedoptions or the coming season.

Although the 2009 Klamath River run was lower thanpredicted, 2010 holds slightly more promise, HoopaValley Tribal Fisheries Director, Mike Orcutt said.The PFMC predicts that an abundance o our-year-old salmon will migrate up Klamath and Trinityrivers this year, with a slight increase in harvestopportunities or tribal and non-tribal sheries.

2009 Spawner Overview

On the Trinity River more than 23,000 all runchinook spawned naturally in the mainstem andtributaries. Another 7,500 were spawned at the TrinityRiver Hatchery. On the Klamath River nearly 30,000spawned naturally and about 13,500 were spawned

at Iron Gate Hatchery. The total or the KlamathBasin, including the Trinity River, was 52,702 naturalspawners and 20,986 hatchery spawners.

Escapement goals, the

amount o adult sh the

PFMC determine need

to spawn naturally and

in the hatchery setting,

were met and exceeded

by about 4,000 a slight

boost that can be expected

to improve runs in 2013

and 2014 i river ows

and restoration projects

provide avorable habitat.Data gathered by the

Hoopa Valley Tribe,Yurok Tribe, CaliorniaDepartment o Fish andGame, and the U.S. Fishand Wildlie Service is combined and mulled over eachyear to calculate the seasons run. That data will be usedto estimate uture runs. Data is gathered by surveyingcounts at weirs and surveying spawning beds (redds).

2009 Harvest Overview

The Yurok tribal harvest was a lit tle more than24,300. The Hoopa tribal harvest on the lowermost

reach o the Trinity River was 4,249. The total tribalharvest was 28,565, with the majority harvested on theYurok Reservation in the estuary.

O the total tribal harvest, 15,700 were soldcommercially by Yurok Tribal members. A portiono Hoopa tribal harvest was sold commercially. Theremaining sh were used or subsistence and ceremonialpurposes.

The number o commercially harvested salmon in2009 was up by 3,500 sh rom the 2008 commercial

harvest. Ocean commercial shing was banned on theCaliornia coast during the 2009 season.

Recreational harvest or the Klamath and Trinity Riverstotaled 7,790. The Caliornia ocean recreational season waslimited this year with brie late-season openings on theNorth Coast. There were 5,400 recorded ocean vessel tripswith 673 chinook salmon caught.

What to expect in 2010The PFMC released options or public review

and will hold a hearing in Eureka to discuss thecoming seasons options. The hearing wi ll be

at the Red Lion Hotel March 30, at 7 p.m. For moreinormation, visit the PFMC website at www.pcouncil.org. Click on the salmon tab.

Klamath River all chinook are orecast to meetthe minimum natural spawning goal o 35,000, andthe 2010 management objective o 40,700. Cohoreturns are expected to be lower than the 2009

Chinook Stocks Up Slightly, But Coho Stocks DeclineSubmitted by the H oopa Valley Tribe Fisheries Department

More than 112,000 Chinook Salmon returned to the Klamath Basin tospawn during the 2009 season. Data retrieved by several tribal, state,and ederal organizations is compiled and used to determine the runsize. Over hal o the Chinook returning to the Klamath Basin enteredthe Trinity River to spawn in the Trinity Basin.

Top: The Willow Creek Weir is installed in early to midAugust beore the all run reaches the Trinity River. The Weiris co-managed by the Caliornia Department o Fish andGame and the Hoopa Valley Tribe. Constantly attended, theish passing through are counted. The numbers are just onepart o a complex ormula designed to estimate the total

Let: Hoopa Valley Tribal Fisheries technician Loren Aubreymeasures and takes scale samples rom a all run chinook thatwas harvested on the Trinity River in Hoopa. Scale samples areused to build an age composition report or the Pacic FisheryManagement Council, the organization that determines thepre season allocation and post season harvest.

season. Tribal and recreational harvest inormationwill be available on May 1.

The PFMC proposed the ollowing options:Sport Season Options - Caliornia ocean sportshing options or the Fort Bragg, San Francisco, andMonterey areas range rom entirely closed to nearly ullsummer seasons that would begin April 3. One optionis to raise size limits rom 20 to 24 inches in the SanFrancisco and Monterey areas to protect ESA listedSacramento winter chinook stocks.

Chinook ocean sport shing options or the Eureka,Crescent City, and Brookings areas have start datesranging rom late May to early July, and all options runthrough Labor Day.

For the Tillamook, Newport, Coos Bay, andBrookings areas, recreational options include mark-selective coho shing seasons starting in June or Julyand running into August, with quotas between 25,000and 35,000, less than hal o the 2009 quota. Chinookshery options range rom two to six months.

Commercial season options - Commercial oceanchinook salmon shing options in Caliornia range romclosed to substantial seasons in all areas. Options orthe Oregon season in the Brookings area range romsmall quotas in June and July to traditional time and areaquota-based seasons running rom May through August.

There will not be any commercial sheries or cohosalmon in central and southern Oregon this year.

More inormation on these options and publichearing dates and times can be ound at the FisheryCouncil website, www.pcouncil.org. y


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Low Impact Development (LID) isa suite o design eatures that reduces the environmental impacts odevelopment practices.

For example, rain gardens, bioswales, rain barrels andpermeable paths and driveways all help lter pollutants romstormwater runo beore it ows into creeks and rivers.

In a typical residential neighborhood, much less rainallinltrates the soil to be taken up by plants, and less evaporates intothe atmosphere. Because o the increase in impervious suracesassociated with most development, about 20 to 30 percent orainall becomes stormwater runo.

This runo carries pollutants and causes erosion as water runsacross rootops, roads, and parking areas. Storm drains owdirectly into creeks, sloughs and marshes, carrying untreatedstormwater to Humboldt Bay and other coastal waters.

Pollutants such as oil and antireeze, brake pad dust, ertilizersand pesticides, sediment, and heavy metals rom roong materialare common in stormwater runo and can have signicant eectson water quality.

LID aims to control the problem close to the source, a newapproach to conventional practices o collecting and disposing ostormwater o-site. This is achieved by reducing the amount ostormwater that needs to be treated through lessening the imperviousootprint o a site. The end result is improved water quality.

Low Impact Development: New Tools to Improve Water QualityBy Jennier Kalt

Nationwide, approximately 50 percent o waterpollution is caused by stormwater runo. In Caliornia,pollution accumulates during dry summers, and withthe rst heavy rains, these pollutants are ushed intostorm sewers, creeks, and rivers, eventually owinginto the ocean and estuaries such as Humboldt Bay.

Runo rom parking lots and roads, aulty septic orsewage systems, agricultural and residential pesticideuse, and industrial sources all contribute to stormwaterpollution. Sediment rom logging, roads, construction,and landslides is also major source o polluted runo.

Humboldt Baykeepers Citizen Water MonitoringProgram began in 2005 and now includes more than30 sites in 12 streams, including several stormwaterruno ditches.

The goal o the Water Monitoring Program is todocument the present condition o local streams, toidentiy problem areas or uture monitoring, and to ndsolutions that reduce such pollution.

The data compares snapshots o water quality duringthe dry weather period in late summer and the FirstFlush ater autumns rst big storm sends pollutantswashing o streets into storm drains and creeks.

Samples are tested or a variety o pollutants that are

commonly ound in stormwater runo, includingecal coliorm bacteria, heavy metals, nutrientssuch as nitrates and phosphates, and pesticidesrequently used on lawns and landscaping.Physical parameters such as turbidity, pH, andtotal suspended solids are also measured.

2009 Results

Ater the seasons rst major storm,Humboldt County waterways oten containmuch higher levels o ecal coliorm bacteriathan water quality standards recommendor recreational waters. These bacteria are

indicators o other pathogens, many o whichare dicult to detect.

Faulty septic systems, pet and livestockeces, and leaky sewage pipes can allcontribute to the high levels o ecal coliormin local creeks. This year, several locationswere ound to have extremely high levelso ecal coliorm, though the causes areunknown. (See graph below.)

The Humboldt County Environmental HealthDepartment monitors ecal coliorm near creekmouths that deliver stormwater into the ocean.

Sampling results at MoonstoneBeach, Clam Beach, TrinidadState Beach, Luenholtz Creekand the mouth o the Mad Riverare posted on the countys website

at http://co.humboldt.ca.us/HHS/PHB/EnvironmentalHealth/OceanMonitoringProgram/.

The County Health Departmentrecommends that beachgoers avoidcontact with coastal waters andstreams until at least three days atera heavy rainall.

You Can Help

Citizens can help reducestormwater pollution by maintainingseptic systems, keeping livestockout o creeks and rivers, picking uppet eces, reducing ertilizer andpesticide use in lawns and gardens,

and washing cars at car washes, where chemicals andsoaps will not runo into storm drains and creeks.

You can also create rain gardens and direct raingutters to them. Such gardens can absorb much othe stormwater that would otherwise ow into stormdrains, ending up in creeks and Humboldt Bay.

For more inormation on Humboldt BaykeepersCitizen Water Monitoring Program, visit www.humboldtbaykeeper.org.

Baykeeper thanks the dozens o d edicated volunteers

and partners, including the Cities o Eureka and Arcata,Pacic Watershed Associates, Salmon Forever, andNorth Coast Laboratories, who help make this programa success. y

Local Eorts Stem The Tide O Water PollutionBy Jennier Kalt

Let: This grassy bioswale in a parking lot isan example o a low impact design eature thathelps lter heavy metals, oil and grease so thatpolluted runo does not reach nearby streams.Photo: Jen Kalt

Pollutant: Cause: LID Solutions:Petroleum products,heavy metals

Impermeable pave-ment

Permeable pavement, paving stones, reductionin paved surfaces, bioswales in parking lots andadjacent to streets.

Nitrogen, phospho-rus, pesticides

Fertilizers and pesti-cides used for lawnsand other landscap-

ing

Rain gardens or bioswales to intercept runoff be-fore it gets to storm drains. Inltration into the soilallows breakdown by soil microbes; interception

by plants that take up water and pollutants keepsthem out of storm water.Fecal coliform Pet excrement, leaks

from municipalsewer lines or septicsystems

Rain gardens or bioswales, regular testing andmaintenance of sewer and stormwater systems.Shallower sloped, longer, sandy soiled, anddensely grassed swales have the highest pollutionremoval rates.

Suspended solids Construction sites,roads

Stormwater prevention Best Management Prac-tices such as straw wattles, tarping soil heaps,cleaning heavy equipment, etc.

Copper Roofs, vehicles Use of gutter runoff in landscaping, e.g. raingardens, rain barrels and cisterns, green roofs, androof gardens; street sweeping.

Site-specic design eatures that generateless surace runo, less pollution, less erosion,and less overall damage to lakes, streams, andcoastal waters are the essence o LID. Sucheatures also reduce the need or expensivecentralized conveyance systems.

Vegetated swales, or bioswales, areessentially shallow, sloped, grassy ditchesthat act as both stormwater conveyanceand treatment systems. Pollutant removalin swales is accomplished via ltrationthrough channel and side slope vegetation,inltration into the channel bottom andactivity o soil microbes.

Monitoring o swales has documented signicantremovals o metals and total suspended solids, thoughreductions in pollutants such as nitrates and phosphateshave been variable.

LID works equally well in new d evelopment andredevelopment projects, and can also be used to retrotexisting development.

In many jurisdictions, these developmentprinciples are mandated in new residential andcommercial developments by local ordinance.In Humboldt County, however, LID is otenmade diicult by existing ordinances and policesgoverning development.

The General Plan Update is a good opportunityto adopt new guidelines to promote the use o LowImpact Development to protect local creeks, rivers,and coastal waters. y

*Water conservation is always the rst solution that should be employed. Planting na-

tive and/or drought-tolerant plants and using mulch are examples of water conserva-

tion measures for landscaping that will help protect water quality by reducing runoff.

Common pollutants in urban runof, their causes, and potential LID solutions*

To get involved in the Citizen Water Moni-toring Program, call 707-268-8897, oremail [email protected].

Jennier Kalt is Humboldt Baykeepers Citizen WaterMonitoring Coordinator, and advocates or better landuse planning to protect our local waterways.

Jen Kalt trains volunteers or the Humboldt Baykeeper Citizen Water Monito-rin Program along Butchers Slough in Arcata. Photo: Humboldt Baykeeper.


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11/20


Welcome to the 15th Annual Godwit Days!At the Arcata Community Center, April 16-18Godwit Days is a 3-day spring migration bird estival operated by the nonprot Godwit Daysorganization that celebrates the MarbledGodwit and all the birds o the coastalredwoods, bays, marshes, and mudats onCaliornias Redwood Coast. The ArcataCommunity Center at 321 CommunityPark Way serves as the departure pointor nearly all eldtrips and houses our ar tshow and Bird Fair. Choose rom nearly100 eld trips, lectures, workshops, andboat excursions. Pre- and post-estival trips

can extend your experience rom April15-21. Advance registration is stronglyrecommended! Sign up online at www.godwitdays.com or call 707-826-7050;toll-ree: 1-800-908-WING (9464)Look or the ree Godwit Days tabloid,produced by The Arcata Eye, at the ArcataMarsh Interpretive Center and many otherlocal outlets

Something or EveryoneEarly birds can catch the dawn chorus atthe Arcata Marsh, while night owls canliterally look or owls until 10 p.m. Go on atrip to see as many bird species as possibleby bus in a day, or one ones ocusing onrare birds like snowy plover and spottedowl. Trips range north to Del Norte County,

south to Ferndale, and inland to WillowCreek and Hoopa. Workshops teach aboutlocal insects and mammals, as well as howto identiy birds by their sounds. Boat tripson our rivers, lagoons, bays, and oceanare a highlight, ranging rom 1-hour tourso Humboldt Bay, to hal-day kayaking orrating trips, to all-day trips on the Pacic.You can even bird by bicycle!New oerings or 2010 are a shorebirdspectacle at the Arcata Marsh, a condorseminar, a redwood orest ecology eldtrip, trips ocusing on raptors or WestCoast specialties, kayak tours o Mad RiverSlough, and a visit to Humboldt CoastalNature Center.

Just or Kids (& Other Free Events)The Festival oers many ree activities o interest tochildren, including:Live birds o preyDisplay o all entries in the 7th Annual Student BirdArt ContestFamily nature & crat activities on Saturdayrom 12:30-3:30 p.m. (sponsored by Friends o theArcata Marsh)A Bird Fair with commercial vendors and inormationbooths rom nonprot groups and government agencies

Children are the ocus o two ield trips and twoworkshops, which have no cost but participantsmust preregister:

Kids Owl Pellet Dissection Workshop, Friday, 4-5 p.m.Kids Birding Field Trips, Saturday & Sunday,9:30-11:30 a.m.Art Workshop or Kids, Saturday, Noon-1 p.m.

Godwit Days also oers ree ield trips or ALL ages toPatricks Point State Park, Arcata Marsh, South Jetty,Humboldt Bay National Wildlie Reuge, LanphereDunes, and Stone Lagoon that require preregistrationbut no payment. Children interested in par ticipatingin the many or-ee ield trips and workshops mayregister or most at no charge when accompanied by apaying adult.

Live Birds o PreyExperience a close encounter with owls, hawks, andother raptors. Wildlie Images o Oregon will be

back with injured birds o prey on Saturday (10 a.m.-5 p.m.) and Sunday (10 a.m.-3 p.m.). Additionally,Avian Ambassadors rom the Humboldt Wildlie CareCenter will be on hand during the Friday night openingreception (5-7 p.m.).

Keynote LectureFor the past ve years, Je Bouton has worked asproduct specialist to the birder/naturalists marketsor Leica Sport Optics. He has written many articleson birds/birding, including a column in Wild Birdmagazine. Je has given dozens o workshops and otherpresentations over the years. A research biologist andproessional tour leader or over 25 years, he was acontributing author or the ABA Bird-nding Guides toAlaska and Florida.

Wildlie & Landscapes Art ExhibitA abulous showcase or local ar tists depictions owildlie and landscapes. Creations will be d isplayed inthe main hall on Friday rom 5-7 p.m., Saturday 10 a.m.-5 p.m., and Sunday 10 a.m.-3 p.m.

Student Bird Art Contest DisplayRedwood Region Audubon and Friends o the ArcataMarsh have teamed to sponsor a student bird ar tcontest at Godwit Days. A total o $500 will be awardedto Humboldt Country students in grades K-12. Winnerswill receive awards at a ceremony at 11:30 am on April17. Copies o prize-winning artwork will be shown atthe Arcata Marsh Interpretive Center during May

Registration & Important InormationOn-site registration hours: Friday, April 16, 3-7 p.m.;Saturday, 9 a.m.-7 p.m.; Sunday, 9 a.m.-noon.Visit www.godwitdays.com or descriptions o the nearly100 eld trips, workshops, and lectures and to register.There, you will nd the cancellation policy, how toregister children, and instructions to sign up or reecommunity sessions.

Registration OptionsRegistration plans range ro

econews, april-may 2010 ~ northcoast environmental center

Documents