ecosystem services mapping as a framework for integrated natural resource management
TRANSCRIPT
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Ecosystem services mapping as a framework
for integrated natural resource management
Dr. Chris Dickens
15th June 2015
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South
African
Key legislation
governing natural
resources
Compendium of
Environmental Law
(2006):
67 Acts and 500 pages
in 2006!
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The Status Quo – An Unsustainable Future?
The 2006 South Africa Environmental Outlook (SAEO) document acknowledged
that the “comprehensive and generally sound environmental regulatory
regime is in place” and that “there has been a steady increase in the budget
allocation for environmental management at both the national and
provincial levels”.
Yet…..:
National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment (NSBA):
Terrestrial systems, 34% of all 440 ecosystems are threatened
Rivers - 82% of the main river signatures classified as threatened,
44% are critically endangered.
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The Status Quo – An Unsustainable Future?
Failure is due to:
• No holistic approach
• No acknowledgement of the value of natural resources in development
planning
• Poor coordination
• Increased delegation of responsibility to the local level, without the necessary
capacity and support
Meso-scale management
Social simulation and complex systems
Ecosystem services approach
Matching interventions with economic incentives
Scenario analysis
1
4
5
2
3
The Afromaison Approach
/6
uThukela District case study
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Understanding the value of natural systems
Ecosystem services emerge as useful mechanism for integration of natural
systems, people and economy
Environmental
Quality
Social Well
Being
Economic
Prosperity
Governance
Figure 11: Sustainability model in South Africa
Water regulating services: Supply
/9
Water regulating services: Demand
/10
Water regulating services: Prioritisation
/11
Optimise resources: Remedial intervention
/12
Low supply
High demand
Optimise resources: Preservation
/13
High supply
High demand
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Economic instruments
• multiple groups of instruments.
• Price based instruments (7)
• Rights based instruments (2)
• Legal, voluntary and information based
instruments (5)
DRIVERS IMPACT MANAGEMENT ACTION ECONOMIC /Other
INSTRUMENT
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Indicators of INRM
• Linked to key issues related to the drivers and symptoms of change in NR
• e.g. grass cover, soil runoff etc
• also Governance indicators – e.g. participation in governance
INRM SUCCESS INDICATORS
System Criteria Indicator Target Measure Data Source & Method
Natural Systems
Water
Resource Quality
Capacity of
large
storage
impoundm
ents.
Decrease
in the rate
of
reduction
in dam
capacity
Rate of decline in
dam capacity
measured as % of
total capacity/per
year. Change
measured at
frequency of 5
years (annual too
small a period to
note changes).
Hydrographic survey undertaken by
DWA Directorate: Spatial and Land
Information Management
(Reference:
http://www.dwaf.gov.za/bi/service
s.htm)
Turbidity
levels
Decrease
in annual
average
turbidity
levels.
Change in average
annual turbidity
levels (NTU).
Change measured
at 5 yearly interval
(annual too short a
period to account
for natural
variation)
Measurement at inflow points to
large dams using a clarity tube and
measured in cm. Undertaken by
DWA officials as part of daily
management (this may be too
onerous). Alternatively, a local
resident living at the inflow is
employed to take record.
Effective
stakeholder
consultation
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Effective stakeholder consultation
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Effective Institutional Coordination
Socio-political factors
• Competing political parties, traditional leaders
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Appropriate Institutional Structure - proposed
Figure 1 Proposed institutional structure for INRM at the District scale
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The End!