editorial osteogenic biomaterials in contemporary...

EditorialOsteogenic Biomaterials in Contemporary Dentistry

Seong-Hun Kim,1 Jae-Pyung Ahn,2 Homayoun H. Zadeh,3 and Eric J. W. Liou4

1Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, No. 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu,Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea2Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu,Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea3Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tissue Engineering (LITE), Division of Periodontology,Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California,925 34th Street, Room 4278, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA4Department of Orthodontic and Craniofacial Dentistry, The Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan

Correspondence should be addressed to Seong-Hun Kim; [email protected]

Received 3 March 2015; Accepted 3 March 2015

Copyright © 2015 Seong-Hun Kim et al.This is an open access article distributed under theCreativeCommonsAttribution License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

There have been developments and applications of osteogenicbiomaterial substitutes in dentistry to replace missing den-tition or to reinforce existing dentitions. The dentistry inpractice has evolved into new treatment modality withthe development and application of novel biocompatiblematerials. The examples are dental implants, bone graftmaterials, surgical plates, and any modification to increasebiocompatibility and stability in dentition. These materialscover everything from replacing the missing teeth and/ordegenerated supporting structures to the induction of newbone formation. Also, the osseointegrated materials furtherallowed orthopedic force application on these materials asskeletal anchorage to control tooth movements. Currently,modifications of the surface treatment or combination ofosseoinductive materials to improve potential osseointegra-tion are continuously endeavored.

This special issue delivers original research on differentaspects, studies on the application of the novel biomaterialsto fill bone defect rapidly with new bone, improvement ofosseointegration through variety of surface treatment, andthe possibility of alumina toughened zirconia for the newimplant material, and also covers clinical research on amodified dental implant as a gateway to the human body:implant mediated drug delivery system.

First, we discuss the studies of novel biomaterial appli-cation for new bone formation in bony defect. Rapid bone

defect filling with normal bone is a challenge in orthopaedicsand dentistry. A study by S. Ansari et al. developed a strategyfor bone tissue engineering that entails application of immo-bilized anti-BMP-2monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to captureendogenous BMPs in vivo and promote antibody-mediatedosseous regeneration (AMOR). These data have potentialimplications for the mechanism of action of AMOR, sug-gesting that anti-BMP-2 may capture endogenous osteogenicBMPs, which may in turn mediate de novo bone formation.Strontium ranelate (SrRan) has been shown to in vitrodecrease bone resorption and increase bone formation andrepresents a potential agent with the capacity to acceleratebone defect filling.

G. Zacchetti et al.’s study demonstrates that Sr is inte-grated both in cortical and in trabecular bone healing of thedefect in SrRan-treated rats and improves the bone materiallevel properties of the healing bone mainly after 4 weeks oftreatment.These results open up new perspectives for the useof SrRan in clinical studies as a pharmacologic agent with apotential beneficial effect on bone defect repair.

A. Monje et al.’s comprehensive systematic review aimedat assessing the feasibility of allogeneic block grafts by meansof survival rate, histologic analysis, and causes of failure, foraugmentation of the atrophicmaxilla, provides a current stateof the art about this treatment modality.Therefore, this studycan be of a very meaningful importance for clinicians in

Hindawi Publishing CorporationBioMed Research InternationalVolume 2015, Article ID 945320, 2 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/945320

2 BioMed Research International

the decision making of selecting the ideal source for boneblock grafting.

This special issue illuminates the clinical evaluation of thebone graft materials that have been used conventionally andintroduces the histological identification of changes in tissueadjacent to the biomaterials through three original researcharticles. Particularly, clinical experiment on the managementof the thin alveoluswhich has been considered as toothmove-ment limitation in orthodontics and the scientific analysis ofthe methods have been discussed in depth.

Alveolar augmented corticotomy is effective in accel-erating orthodontic tooth movement, but the effect onlylasts for a relatively short time. A study by D.-Y. Lee et al.demonstrated the stable results in a long-term (12 weeks)experiment using xenograft materials in beagle experiment.Absorbable collagen membrane could control the texture ofbone surface.

K.-B. Lee et al. researched the different types of bonegraft materials on the treatment effect of augmented corti-cotomy. The remarkable thing is that not only allograft orxenograft but also synthetic graft material showed compa-rable new bone formation. Augmented corticotomy showedstable results regardless of the graft material types, and inparticular synthetic bone material showed dramatic newbone formation.

The study of H.-J. Choi et al. was to investigate theunderlying biology of the immediate periodontal responseto orthodontic tooth movement after the augmented cortico-tomy with alloplastic bone grafts. The results demonstratedthat measurable tooth movement began as early as 3 daysafter the intervention in beagle dogs. Based on the resultsand histological findings, augmented corticotomy-facilitatedorthodontic tooth movement might enhance the conditionof the periodontal tissue and the stability of the outcomes oforthodontic treatment.

There has been increased interest in search of the newbiomaterial for dental implant. We would like to examine thepossibility of alumina toughened zirconia for the new implantmaterial through several articles.

S. Y. Kim et al.’s study classified the influence of differenttopographies and hydrophilicities of Ti surfaces on theexpression of various functional factors in PDLSCs involvedin osteogenesis in the absence of osteogenic supplementsand evaluated biomarkers of cellular activity, including theexpression of transcription factors and signaling moleculesof PDLSCs on the Ti surfaces.

The relevance of J. Markhoff et al.’s research was todevelop a glass solder matrix for coating zirconia ceramicsto improve osseointegration of ceramic dental implants withadequate mechanical properties at once.Thereby, the existingadvantages in esthetic appearance and hypersensitivity ofceramic dental implants in contrast to metallic implants maybecome effective in clinical application in the near future.

The results of R. Olivares-Navarrete et al.’s study indicatethat effects of the complex SLA topography are greater thanthe effect of acid etching or grit blasted on regulation ofosteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and angiogenesis on multi-potent BMCs and committed osteoblasts. 1𝛼,25(OH)2D3 hadamajor role in enhancing these effects that was sex depended.

Alumina-zirconia composites have attracted significantinterest in the past few years for orthopedic and dentaluse. Although yttria stabilized zirconia is the only ceramiccurrently employed for dental implant fabrication, severalreasons suggest that alumina-zirconia composites may con-veniently substitute this monolithic material. Here, F. Mus-sano et al. report the results of the experiments performedin vitro and in vivo to assess the behavior of aluminatoughened zirconia (ATZ) dental implants. It is importantto underline that ATZ is different from zirconia-toughenedalumina (ZTA) due to the relative percentage of the twomate-rials and the consequent mechanical and possibly biologicalproperties.

Another topic enlightened in this special issue is den-tal implant. It is about neither improving osseointegrationpotential nor improving functional occlusion of implant, butit is a preliminary study on the prospect of dental implantas a drug delivery system. In an article by Y.-S. Park etal., they developed and proposed a new implant mediateddrug delivery system (IMDDS) through a modified titaniumimplant. In the nearest future, the IMDDS may provide anovel approach to treat patients with chronic diseases.

In conclusion, we debated about the current statusof osteogenic biomaterials in contemporary dentistry, theosteogenic biomaterial types, the application of the material,and the future study. We would like to suggest a right direc-tion of osteogenic biomaterial in this special issue becausecomprehension of recent advances in biomaterial of dentistrywould lead to appropriate applications of these biomaterialsand successful strategies to improve treatment outcomes tobetter serve patients.

Seong-Hun KimJae-Pyung Ahn

Homayoun H. ZadehEric J. W. Liou

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