education; marriage and family
TRANSCRIPT
Family and Education
Daniel Gabaldón-Estevan
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, University of Valencia (ES)
December 1st, 2014
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Family and Education:
• Kinship, Marriage and the Family
• Education
• The relationship between Family and Education
Index
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Kinship, Marriage and the Family
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A family is defined as ‘a group of persons
directly linked by kin connections, the adult
members of which assume responsibility for
caring for children’ and ‘kin’ are those linked by
marriage or blood relationships (p. 384).
Kinship, Marriage and the Family
(Giddens, A. 1992 Sociology, pp. 383-415)
Kinship ties are connections between
individuals, established either through
marriage, or through the lines of descendent
that connect blood relatives (mothers, fathers,
other offspring, grand parents, etc.)(p. 384).
Marriage can be defined as a socially
acknowledge and approved sexual union
between two adult individuals. (p. 384).Clan groups
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Kinship, Marriage and the Family
(Giddens, A. 1992 Sociology, pp. 383-415)
Nuclear family vs Extended family
Family relationshipsFamilies of orientation vs procreation
Patrilineal / matrilineal
Monogamy (20%) and polygamy (80%)[Serial monogamy] [Polyandry (4/565); Polygyny]
Declining of clans and other corporate kin
Free choice of spouse
Women empowerment
More exogamy and les endogamy
Higher levels of sexual freedom
Extension of children's rights
Rise of affective individualism
Matrilocal / patrilocal / neolocal
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Kinship, Marriage and the Family
(Giddens, A. 1992 Sociology, pp. 383-415)
Uncoupling (often social separation precedes)
Divorce and separationTransitions in divorce
Emotional divorce
Economic divorce
Step-families [step-parent; step-child]
Remarriage [men 5/6; women 3/4]
Divorce and children
Psychic divorce
Community divorce
Co-parental divorce
From adversary system to ‘no fault divorce’
Legal divorce
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Kinship, Marriage and the Family
(Giddens, A. 1992 Sociology, pp. 383-415)
The dark side of the family
Incestuous abuse of children
Most common between fathers or
stepfathers and young daughters70-80% of incest
Step-families [step-parent; step-child]
Prime targets of physical abuse children <6
Domestic violence primarily a male domain [often a form of gender violence]“physical abuse directed by one member of the family against another or others”
Often timid, awkward and inadequate in their dealings with other adults
Not a preference but a matter of availability coupled with power
Mental disorder a minority
Conflict and hostility
Variability in length, depth andaftershock
‘Male inexpressiveness’, sexuality, power,Submissiveness in their partners
Violence by females is more restrained and episodic than that of men and much less likely to cause enduring physical harm
Why? Intimacy and tolerated
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Patriarchy: political & economic unit
Industrialization causes privacy and new institutions (like the school system)
Specialization in the socialization & breeding of children and genderdifferentiation (public/private) (T. Parsons)
Generalized presence of women: labour market &education system (feminism)
No unique form of legitimatefamily (‘70) individualization, negotiation & reflexivity
↓marriages↑mean age of marriage
↑ staying in parental household ↑ secularization of marriage
Same gender couples↑ divorces & “express” divorce
Cohabitation (Registered couples)Reconstructed families
Monoparental families (risk factor)Rainbow families
New families are:Varied, Have no barriers,Brake linearityNot provisionalPublic character and legitimate Chosen situation
From the Family to the Families (Obiol, S. (2011) El cambio familiar y el
proceso educativo in Beltrán, J. & Hernàndez, FJ. Sociología de la
educación. McGraw-Hill, Madrid. 75-99.
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Divorce in the UE, 1970 to 2010
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Divorce-marriage ratio in the world
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Education
Biology, functions & socialization
History
Inequalities
Family
School organization
Teachers
Students
Education and work
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guard and custody
Changes in the families
Urbanization and migrations
Women emancipation
retentionDelayed working age
social cohesion
national identity construction
Homogenization
Uniformization
Centralization
Secularization
Bureaucratization
Language
Culture
Legal frameworkMarket (monetary and measurement systems)
History and common referents
capacitation and socialization for labour (Human Capital theory)
distribution of social positions
Functions
Education: the Social functions of the school
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Education: distribution of social positions
The distribution of social positions is done through competences sanctionedby means of a complex system of certificates, titles and credentials.
This mechanism is institutionalized by means of universal, free andcompulsory education, which “guarantees” equality of opportunity forall the population and pivots on:
merit (capacity, intelligence, effort, discipline, sacrifice)
qualification (certifications, titles and credentials)
formal education is the mean to obtain merit and qualification
possibilities depend on preferences and capacities
and capacities are randomly distributed
The above means the primacy of adscript status (due to merit) over inherited filiation or acquired status (due to birth)
22Frato Tonucci
Critical views on education
Noam Chomsky on education
(http://youtu.be/DdNAUJWJN08) original
(http://youtu.be/AsZJxDsd1Q8) subtitles23
Earnings by social class and sex and ethnic group, 1999
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Life expectancy at birth by social class and sex, 1997-99
Gender inequality
Thank you for your attention!!!
Daniel Gabaldón-Estevan | Tallinn 01/12/2014Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - [email protected] - www.uv.es/dagaes
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