effect of industrilization (1)

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North South University

Effect of Industrialization

Course: BIO 103, Spring 2013, Section 3

Prepared By

Md Abdulla Al Mamun Fahim ID: 102 0366 030

Mahidur Rahman Khan ID: 102 0625 030

Md Nurul Azim Rifat ID: 101 0847 030

Tahsin Shahab Uddin ID: 101 0692 030

Prepared for

Dr. S.M. Mostafa Kamal Khan

Department of Biology and Microbiology

North South University

Date of Submission: 20thAugust, 2013


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Table of Contents

Sl Topic Page

1 Introduction 2

2 Description

2.1 Impact on Air 3

2.2 Impact on Water 3

2.3 Impact on Soil Pollution 5

2.4 Green House Effect 52.5 Increase Disease 7

2.6 Effect on Flora and Fauna 7

2.7 Impact on Ecosystem 8

2.8 Extinction 8

3 Conclusion 8


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Introduction

Industrialization

The process in which a society or country (or world) transforms itself from a primarily

agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services. Individual

manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production and craftsmen are replaced by

assembly lines. Characteristics of industrialization include the use of technological

innovation to solve problems as opposed to superstition or dependency upon conditions

outside human control such as the weather, as well as more efficient division of labor and

economic growth. In brief, Industrialization refers to an economic activity that is concerned

with the production of goods, extraction of minerals and the provision of services.

History

Historically, the industrialization process involves the expansion of the secondary sector in an

economy originally dominated by primary-sector activities. The first transformation to an

industrial economy from an agricultural one, known as theIndustrial Revolution,took place

from the mid-18th to early 19th century The "Second Industrial Revolution" labels the later

changes that came about in the mid-19th century after the refinement of the steam engine, the

invention of theinternal combustion engine,the harnessing ofelectricity and the construction

of canals, railways and electric-power lines. The invention of theassembly line gave this

phase a boost.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution


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Description

Advantages

The main advantages of industrialization are-

1. The biggest advantage of industrialization is that it eases the daily responsibilities andtasks of people by placing most of the bulk of tasks on technology and other

resources.

2. Industrialization also opens the door to lots of employment opportunities which, inturn, also open the door to establishing businesses to satisfy the needs of those

employed by the industry.

3. With the help of machines we can produce large quantities of goods in short span oftime. In some urgent cases such as epidemics we need to produce more medicines in

short span of time so by machines this could be possible.

4. Even the farmers get advantages due to industrialization as only due to setting up ofindustries can they sell their produce at greater prices.

Disadvantages

Industrialization causes lots of harm to environmental factors or elements. The negative

impact if industrialization on some environmental elements are described below-

Impact on Air

The main negative impact of industrialization is on the quality of air. Industrial revolution

and the increased uses of technological instruments in out day to day life is contaminating the

air surrounding us. Machines and instruments that we use daily in houses, industries, roads or

for other purposes are emitting lot of toxic gases that are mixing up with the clean air. This is

hampering the cycle of the gaseous elements in the air. Industrial and manufacturing

activities emit lots of smoke and fumes. Waste incinerators, manufacturing industries and


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power plants emit high levels of carbon monoxide, organic compounds, and chemicals into

the air. This happens almost everywhere that people live. Petroleum refineries also release

lots of hydrocarbons into the air. Fumes from car exhaust contain dangerous gases such as

carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons and particulates. On their own, they

cause great harm to air and to people who breathe them.

Impact on Water Pollution

Impact on Surface Water: Industrialization has led to the most important cause of water

pollution. Industrial activities create many toxic materials which mix with water in many

ways; most of them are toxic. Sewage, industrial waste, fertilizer, and agricultural run-off

contain organic and inorganic materials that when discharged into waters, increase the growth

of algae, which causes the depletion of oxygen. The low oxygen levels are not able to

support most indigenous organisms in the area and therefore upset the natural ecological

balance in rivers and lakes.

Impact on Ground Water: Heavy water consumption for industrial purposes may even lead to

a depletion of the ground water in the area. This will cause crisis for pure water and hamper

the production of agricultural products.

Figure 1: Schematic outline of water contamination


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Figure 2: Schematic out line of ground water contamination

Impact on Soil Pollution

Soil pollution is a result of many activities and experiments done by mankind through

industrialization which end up contaminating the soil. Industrial wastes such as harmful gases

and chemicals, agricultural pesticides, fertilizers and insecticides are the most common

causes of soil pollution. Oil and fuel dumping into soil is also contaminating the soil. These

chemical materials reduce the water absorption capacity of the soil. This causes the stacking

of water on the soil for a long time. All toxic material in the soil reduces the capacity of

bacteria to break down the chemical waste.

Soil pollutants would bring in alteration in the soil structure, which would lead to death of

many essential organisms in it. This would also affect the larger predators and compel them

to move to other places, once they lose their food supply.

Green House Effect

Industrialization is the cause of global warming. Most of the industrial activities produce lots

of toxic and natural gases that cause the imbalance in the cycle. Almost all of the industrial


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activities emit a lot of carbon dioxide (CO2) and Chloro Fluro Carbon gas. All industrial

activities around the world increase the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. This increase

amount of Carbondioxide creates a layer in the ozone layer and trapped the heat came with

the sun light. The trapped heat increases the atmospheric temperature. This is a gradual

warming of the earth temperature due to industrialization. This global warming is referred as

the Green House Effect. This effect leads to melting of polar areas and rising of sea levels.

This is because of the energy sources we are using.

Figure 3: Schematic outline of global warming (Green House Effect)


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Increase Diseases

There is a general consensus that industrial production and especially technological

production causes a number of respiratory and cardiac diseases ranging from occupational

lung diseases, to asthma, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery

disease, heart failure, heart rhythm problems to eye irritation. Air pollution from industrial

production can lead to a range of respiratory and other diseases among the general population

living within the range of deposition of effluent from such enterprises. The costs of the

burden of illness would include lost years of life and income, health care costs, and quality of

life related costs. Beyond the toll on human health, there will also be corresponding impacts

on domestic animals and food production.

Impact on Flora (plant) and Fauna (Animal)

Deforestation or destruction of habitat Expanding population, industrialization and need of

land for development of expanding cities, conversion of land to agriculture, urban sprawl,

infrastructure development, etc. has led man to cut down forests recklessly. Not only are the

forests home to a large number of animals, trees are also an important component of the

water cycle. These also affect eh life of living animals. Sometimes they lead to physical

disorder of the living species. Beside this, the affect can be more severe in fauna that lead to

extinction of species.

Ecosystem Disruption

Industrialization is a major contributor of pollution. According to the U.N. Food and

Agriculture Organization, industrialization contributes approximately 6.3 billion tons of

carbon dioxide to the atmosphere annually, as of 2011. Many animals such as aquatic life

cannot withstand this amount of pollution, and are increasingly dying. Plants are a major


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source of food for animals, and they too are affected by increased atmospheric and water

pollution. When plant life is threatened, animals struggle to acquire food for their own

survival. Industrialization have has a great impact on elements of biological environment. By

altering these elements, it has hampered the whole ecosystem.

Extinction

According to the U.S. Geological Survey, two-thirds of polar bears will disappear by 2050.

But polar bears are not the only animal species threatened with extinction; others include

elephants, aquatic life and even tigers. The extinction of animals can be attributed to an

increase in deforestation to make way for large-scale industrial farming and human

settlement. It can also be attributed to receding ice caps in the case of polar bears as a result

of increasing global warming, expedited by industrialization.

Remedies

1. Try using "green" cleaning products.2. Agricultural waste (manure) is utilized as fertilizer3. Use environmental friendly equipment4. Use fuel efficient and hybrid engines5. Recycling of products6.

Tree plantation

7. Industrial waste treatment plant

Conclusion


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It is common knowledge that increased industrial activity worldwide requires the use of

natural resources which are depleting day-by-day. It is also true that the need for resource

conservation, efficient use of resources and environment friendly corporate policies and

behavior has now been recognized worldwide. The ultimate objective of industrialization is

to achieve a better quality of life for everyone. A degraded environment means a direct threat

to the quality of life and therefore poses a challenge to industrialization. Industrialization has

to be there but not at the cost of the environment or for that matter our existence.

References

Industrialization(17thAugust, 2013).Retrieved from:http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/

Industrialisation

Ronald F.Negative environmental impact of industrialization and the way forward. PPT: the

university of Electrical and Computer Engineering.

Harle H. (2011) What are the advantages of industry, Retrieved from:

http://wiki.answers.com/ Q/What _the_ advantages_of_industrialization

Jhon C, Carl A. Industrialization and Effects . Retrieved from

http://www.notes.com/homework-help/what-advantages-industrialization
http://en.wikipedia.org/%20wiki/%20Industrialisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/%20wiki/%20Industrialisationhttp://wiki.answers.com/%20Q/What%20_the_%20advantages_of_industrializationhttp://wiki.answers.com/%20Q/What%20_the_%20advantages_of_industrializationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/%20wiki/%20Industrialisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/%20wiki/%20Industrialisation

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