E L E C T R I C I T Y G E N E R A T I O N

B Y

S H U ’ A I B U M U S A

2 0 1 2 2 2 1 5

C O U R S E C O D E : - E N R 5 0 1

D A T E : - 1 4 - 1 2 - 2 0 1 2

ENERGY PAST PRESENT AND FUTURE

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION MAINBODY Electricity generation Types of source Different fuel source Annual variation Cost Production Consumption sectors Percentages Future projection Environmental impact CONCLUSION REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of energy

The fundamental principles of electricity generation were discovered during the 1820s and early 1830s by the British scientist Michael Faraday .

Types of sources

Fossil fuels are the oldest and one of the most widely used

sources of electricity. However, renewable energy like wind,

water, sun and biomass to name a few, are also another alternate

sources for producing electricity

Different Fuel Source

.

Fossil fuels include coal, oil and natural gas. Fossil fuels were

formed millions of years ago when dead plants and animal

remains got buried under layers of soil and under pressure and

temperature, got converted into their present form.

largest industrial energy consumer

The steel industry is the single largest industrial energy consumer,

absorbing about 4% of world’s energy production.

Sources of Electricity in France in 2006.PNG

Source of Electricity (World total year 2008)

- Coal OilNatural

GasNuclear Hydro other Total

Average electric power (TWh/year)

8,263 1,111 4,301 2,731 3,288 568 20,261

Average electric power (GW)

942.6 126.7 490.7 311.6 375.1 64.8 2311.4

Proportion

41% 5% 21% 13% 16% 3% 100%

Electricity generated between 1 October 2010 and 30 September 2011. Source: CleanEnergy Council Renewable Energy Database, ABARE 2011, REC Registry, AEMO, IMO,IES. Due to rounding totals may not add up to 100%.

Annual renewable electricity generation

Seasonality of Demand

Demand for electricity also varies according to seasons.

Demand from the domestic sector generally peaks during

summer and subsides during monsoon

Estimated annual electricity generation• SOURCE: CLEAN ENERGY COUNCIL RENEWABLE ENERGY

DATABASE, ABARE 2011, REC REGISTRY, AEMO, IMO, IES

. Estimated percentages contribution of each technology to renewablegeneration

Hydro electricity

accounted for

more than two

thirds of the

renewable

energy generated

.

Source: Clean Energy Council Renewable Energy Database, ABARE 2011, REC Registry, AEMO, IMO, IES.

Due to rounding figures may not add up to 100%

Consumption Pattern/Consumer Profile Electricity is consumed by

almost every sector in its day-to-day functioning but on the basis of end-use, consumers of electricity can be categorized into the following seven categories:

Industrial

Domestic

Agricultural

Commercial

Public services

Railways

Others

Future projection

The environmental impact of electricity generation

Is significant because modern society uses large amounts of electrical power. This power is normally generated at power plants that convert some other kind of energy into electrical power. Each system has advantages and disadvantages, but many of them pose environmental concerns.

Environmental Impact

Global warming and ozone

depletion,

Noise pollution,

Health Risk

Making electricity

contributes 40% of world carbon

dioxide emissions.

The warmest year on record was

1938 and the second was 1999.

CONCLUSION

Electricity is now a necessity for mankind. An hour of power

cut can make our lives go hay-wire. Depending on the source

of production, electricity can be renewable or non-renewable.

Now, thanks to development in science, electricity is mostly

renewable form of energy