ELEMENTS OF SHADING Once you have made a satisfactory value scale, let's go over it.

The five values represent the five types of shadows that a drawing might have in it.

1. The Cast Shadow- This is the darkest dark. It is the shadow that is cast by an object on a surface that it is laying on. The

cast shadow is the darkest where the object and surface touch, and will get lighter as it gets farther away from the

object.

2. Shadow Edge- This value is on the opposite side of the light source. It is not the edge of the object.

3. Mid-Tone- This is what the actual color of the object is, without any effects from light or shadow.

4. Reflected Light- This is the light that is seen around an object, usually between the cast shadow and the shadow edge. It's

the light that is bouncing off of the surfaces around the object. This value is never bright white. When drawing in color

the reflected light will contain the color of the object or surface closest to the object your drawing.

5. Full Light/Highlight- This is where the light source hits the object at full strength. It is usually shown by the white of the

paper. All the areas of gray around the full light should be blended so that there is a smooth, gradual transition

between them.

Value-Terms

Value- Element of art associated with the darkness or lightness of a color

Light source- area in which light is originating from

Value scale- a guide to creating a range of value, good pieces of art have a full range of value

Tints- light values

Gradation - A gradual passing from one tint to another or from a darker to a lighter shade, as in painting or

drawing.

Shapes - Shape pertains to the use of areas in two-dimensional space that can be defined by edges. Shapes can be

geometric or organic.Shapes are defined by other elements of art such as line, form, space, value, color, and

texture.

Cubism - an artistic movement in France beginning in 1907 that featured surfaces of geometrical planes

Contour Drawing - Contour drawing, is an artistic technique used in the field of art in which the artist sketches

the contour of a subject by drawing lines that result in a drawing that is essentially an outline; the French word

contour meaning, “outline.”

WHAT IS VALUE? Value-The Element of Shadow Value is one of the seven elements of art. Value deals with the lightness or darkness of a color. Since we see objects and understand objects because of how dark or light they are, value is incredible important to art. (I'll remind you that drawing and painting is about seeing.) Value deals directly to light. We see things because light reflects off of objects and goes into our eyes. Our mind processes the light and rationalizes what we are seeing. Without light, we cannot see anything. In order to draw or paint in a way that creates an illusion of what we normally see, we must fully understand light and how it reacts on surfaces. Value is the key to the illusion of light. This is why value is so incredibly important to drawing and painting. Artworks that exhibit a full range of value are generally successful. It doesn't matter the type of art you are creating. As long as there are dark values in harmony with light values, your artwork will most likely be aesthetically pleasing. A full range of value means that they are ample amounts of light values- called tints, and dark values- called shades.

Zentangle Designs (Color, Shapes, Balance)

Introduction: The Zentangle Method is an easy-to-learn, relaxing, and fun way to create beautiful images by drawing

structured patterns.

A Zentangle is an abstract drawing created by using repetitive patterns. It is usually structured within a certain

shape. Drawing a Zentangle is entertaining, relaxing, and a great way to express yourself creatively. Almost anyone

can use it to create beautiful images. It increases focus and creativity, provides artistic satisfaction along with an

increased sense of personal well being. The Zentangle Method is enjoyed all over this world across a wide range of

skills, interests and ages.

String - A string is generally a random line drawn in pencil which creates an area within which you draw your tangles.

Tangle - In its verb form “tangle” means to draw a tangle. You tangle a tangle, and in that process create Zentangle

art. In its noun form this word is used as a replacement for “pattern.”

Benefits and Uses of the Zentangle Method

It is fascinating to learn how other people are using the Zentangle method. Here's a list of benefits others enjoy from

practicing the Zentangle Method. This list continues to grow as people apply the Zentangle Method in ways we never

considered.

Relaxation

Journaling

Self-esteem

Inspiration

Create beautiful works of art

Nurture and develop creative abilities

Relieve stress

Improve eye/hand coordination

Develop/rehabilitate fine motor skills

Anger management

Early artist development and appreciation

Design inspiration

Stretching and warm-up for artists

Qin Dynasty-Terracotta Warriors & Great Wall of China (Art & History | Form | Sculpture | Shape | Pattern)

OBJECTIVES: At the end of Chapter/Project

•Students will learn to draw a terracotta warrior similar in style to the clay life-like soldiers found in China as well as

the Great Wall of China.

•This lesson will incorporate history, aesthetics, criticism, and personal expression.

•Students will utilize different materials and techniques while reinforcing basic vocabulary associated with 2D art

composition

•Will learn about the history of the Qin Dynasty.

Historical Background

Qin Shi Huang 259 BC -- 210 BC. was the king of the Chinese State of Qin from 246 BC to 221 BC, during the

Warring States Period. He became the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BC He ruled until his death in 210 BC

at the age of 49. Calling himself the First Emperor after China's unification, Qín Shǐ Huáng is a pivotal figure in

Chinese history, ushering in nearly two millennia of imperial rule. After unifying China, he and his chief advisor Li Si

passed a series of major economic and political reforms. He undertook gigantic projects, including building and

unifying various sections of the Great Wall of China, the now famous city-sized mausoleum guarded by the life-sized

Terracotta Army, and a massive national road system.

The Terracotta Warriors were discovered in Xi’an, China in 1974 by a small group of farmers. They had no idea that

what they unearthed would be the most significant archaeological discovery of the 20th century. The warriors were

built in front of Emperor Qin’s tomb and were supposed to guard the emperor in the afterlife. It is estimated that over

700,000 workers from every province worked on building the warriors in the tomb. The warriors and treasures in the

tomb were safeguarded from tomb robbers by weapons automatically triggered by tomb activity. The terracotta

figures are life-size replicas of warriors and horses, and they are arranged in battle formation. Each figure varies in

height, uniform, and hairstyle in accordance with position and rank. It is presumed that each warrior has its own

unique facial features. The discovery of the Terracotta Warriors changed the way historians understand Chinese

history. Studying the contents of this tomb not only gives us more detailed information about China’s first emperor,

but it also helps illuminate this period of Chinese history our eyes.

Terracotta Warriors

The terra cotta army was discovered near the Chinese city Xi'an, in the Shaanxi province, in 1974 when villagers were drilling a well.

Archeologists found chambers with thousands of terra cotta ancient warriors, each standing around six feet tall and equipped with ancient

weapons. The Terra Cotta Warriors became an immediate sensation; their discovery was one of the greatest archeological finds of the 20th

century. Only the discovery of King Tuts tomb in 1922 created more excitement, and the actual tomb of the first emperor hasn’t even been

opened!

1. In 1974, the Terracotta Warriors were found.

2. Seven kingdoms were unified to make China.

3. They each weighed about 300 kilograms.

4. Wives, bodyguards, and more were sacrificed once the emperor died.

5. Qin Shihuang was the first emperor of China.

6. The Emperor Qin Shihuang died in 210 B.C.

7. Supposedly, no two Terracotta Warriors look alike.

8. Red clay could have been used for the Terracotta Army.

9. The first challenge of making a Terracotta Warrior is finding the right clay.

10. The Terracotta Warriors were painted.

THE ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

LINE - Line can be considered in two ways. The linear marks made with a pen or brush or the edge created when two

shapes meet.

SHAPE - A shape is a self-contained defined area of geometric or organic form. A positive shape in a painting

automatically creates a negative shape.

DIRECTION - All lines have direction - Horizontal, Vertical or Oblique. Horizontal suggests calmness, stability and

tranquility. Vertical gives a feeling of balance, formality and alertness. Oblique suggests movement and action see

notes on direction.

SIZE - Size is simply the relationship of the area occupied by one shape to that of another.

TEXTURE - Texture is the surface quality of a shape - rough, smooth, soft hard glossy etc. Texture can be physical

(tactile) or visual. See notes on texture.

COLOR - Also called Hue. Primary color, secondary color, tertiary color.

VALUE -Value is the lightness or darkness of a color. Value is also called Tone

Additional Vocabulary to review

Analogous: colors that are next to each other on the color wheel and are related by a single hue; e.g., red, red-orange, orange, and red-violet.

Background: the part of the picture plane that seems to be the farthest from the viewer.

Composition: the arrangement of the elements of art and the principles of design within a given work of art.

Cool colors: a color group associated with blue that includes blue-green, blue-violet, green, yellow-green, and violet. Cool colors appear to

recede in space and have a general psychological association with coolness

The foreground is the part closest to you, the viewer. Objects in the foreground are usually larger and more detailed than other objects; they

overlap other objects. Objects in the middle ground appear to be behind objects in the foreground.

The background is the part of the painting farthest from the viewer. Objects in the background are usually smaller and less distinct than other

objects in the work.

Media: the material used by the artist to produce art (i.e., paint, clay, fibers).

Pattern: repetition of an element of art (i.e., shapes, lines, or colors) to achieve decoration or ornamentation.

Symmetry: a way of organizing the parts of a design so that one side duplicates or mirrors the other.

Negative space - In a painting or sculpture, the areas where there are no forms (the "empty" areas). In a painting, this means the areas which

have no forms or objects (sometimes also called the ‘background’).

Positive space - The areas of a painting or sculpture which are occupied by forms or images, as contrasted with negative space, which are the

"empty" areas where no forms/images are located. For example, in a portrait, the figure would be the positive space, the "background" would

be the negative space.

COLOR VOCABULARY: Primary Colors The primary colors consist of 3 unique colors, red-yellow-blue.

Secondary Colors Secondary colors are produced from the mixing of one primary color with another.

orange (mix red + yellow)

green (mix yellow + blue)

violet (mix blue + red

Tertiary Colors These colors are created when mixing one secondary and one primary color. i.e. blue + violet = blueviolet.

Hue Undiluted colors. The true colors of the spectrum.

Saturation Brightness of a color.

Value Lightness and darkness of a color.

Brilliance Lightness of a color.

Tint A color with the presence of white. Lighter shade of a color. Pink is a tint of red.

Shade A color with the presence of black. Darker shade of a color. Navy is a shade of blue.

Tint: A color with the presence of white. Pink is a tint of red.

Shade: A color with the presence of black. Navy is a shade of blue.

Complementary Colors: Those colors located opposite each other on a color wheel.

Analogous Colors: Those colors located close together on a color wheels

Complementary Colors: Those colors located opposite each other on a color wheel.

Analogous Colors: Those colors located close together on a color wheels

Monochromatic: One color plus white and black

Cool and Warm Colors: The color wheel can be divided into ranges that are visually active or

passive. Active colors will appear to advance when placed against passive hues. Passive colors

appear to recede when positioned against active hues.

Advancing hues are most often thought to have less visual weight than the receding hues.

Most often warm; saturated, light value hues are "active" and visually advance.

Cool, low saturated, dark value hues are "passive" and visually recede.

Tints or hues with a low saturation appear lighter than shades or highly saturated colors.

Some colors remain visually neutral or indifferent.

Triad Colors: Triad colors are three hues equidistant on the color wheel. When you want a design

that is colorful and yet balanced, a triad color scheme might be the way to go.

Split Complementary Colors: Split complementary is a color and the analogous colors to its

complement color. Using split complementary colors can give you a design with a high degree of

contrast, yet still not as extreme as a real complementary color.

It also results in greater harmony than the use of the direct complementary.