eliminating outdated pto policies
Post on 17-Oct-2014
960 views
DESCRIPTION
The purpose of this research is to help investigate why there is a growing trend with small startups and other organizations today to move away from a formal paid time off policy (PTO) to an unlimited policy. This perk has been mentioned as a great benefit to culture, retention and even in recruiting new employees. The focus of the research is in regards to understanding why this change is occurring, who has implemented this policy, what they have learned from the experience, and if this is a good policy for all organizations. Additional research has also been added to help organizations understand the pros, cons, and legal risks associated with implementing an unlimited PTO policy. This study also highlights a growing movement to change the perceptions of how people work, where they work, and why companies are driving cultural change to meet employee needs.TRANSCRIPT
ELIMINATING OUTDATED PTO POLICIES
Eliminating Outdated PTO Policies
Cyle Moore
St. Edward’s University
10/08/2013
MSLE6314 FA2013 Building Ethical Organizations
1
ELIMINATING OUTDATED PTO POLICIES
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to help investigate why there is a growing trend with small
startups and other organizations today to move away from a formal paid time off policy (PTO) to
an unlimited policy. This perk has been mentioned as a great benefit to culture, retention and
even in recruiting new employees. The focus of the research is in regards to understanding why
this change is occurring, who has implemented this policy, what they have learned from the
experience, and if this is a good policy for all organizations. Additional research has also been
added to help organizations understand the pros, cons, and legal risks associated with
implementing an unlimited PTO policy. This study also highlights a growing movement to
change the perceptions of how people work, where they work, and why companies are driving
cultural change to meet employee needs.
2
ELIMINATING OUTDATED PTO POLICIES
Do unlimited PTO Policies attract and retain staff?
There is a growing trend with small startups and organizations today to move away from
a formal paid time off policies (PTO) to unlimited policies. This perk has been mentioned as a
great benefit to culture, retention and even in recruiting new employees. The belief is that once
we understand how work is done in our highly mobile and connected world, a new approach is
needed. This approach is to let go of our current static PTO plans. Allowing employees to
become empowered creates increasing happiness, engagement, and productivity. In short, the
prevailing argument is that current PTO policies are controlling, the policy of tracking and
allowing employee’s time off is broken!
Why is this important?
Americans treat vacation as a luxury. In 2010 the median number of vacation days US
workers took was 14; in 2011 that number decreased to 12 says a
survey done of 9,000 US workers by Expedia.com (Expedia,
2011). A study done in 2011 by Harris Interactive on behalf of
CareerBuilder of 5,671 workers, states that 30% of employees
work while on vacation (CareerBuilder, 2011).
Another poll in 2012 by Gallup (Gallup, 2013) of over
25M employees states that 44% of employees who take all their
vacation are more engaged and more productive compared to their counterparts. These studies
would suggest that a move away from current standard vacation policies would be highly
beneficial to improving employee happiness. As employees take more time through progressive
flex time and PTO policies their engagement and productivity would also increase, creating
positive bottom line results for their employers.
3
ELIMINATING OUTDATED PTO POLICIES
Who has implemented this strategy and why?
There are multiple companies in the United States, such as Best Buy, Evernote,
GoHealthInsurance.com, Hotel Tonight, HubSpot, Netflix, SigFig, Xobni, Zotto, Zynga and
many more that are using this unlimited vacation perk to recruit young, bright, talented staff.
Michael Mahoney, vice president of Consumer
Marketing and seven-year veteran of
GoHealthInsurance.com, says “Unlimited
vacation fosters productivity and loyalty
because it favors results over input. If we trust
employees to make the right decisions with the
time they spend at work in pursuit of our
aggressive goals, we can trust them to make
responsible decisions about when they choose to take time off of work” (Dishman, 2013).
The CTO and co-founder of HubSpot says “over the past few years, the way in which
people live and work has changed fundamentally. Employees check e-mail on their smartphones,
collaborate on documents from home and complete many of their daily tasks in the cloud. But
the vast majority of vacation policies are more like The Flintstones than The Jetsons: they simply
don’t reflect the needs and demands of a modern global workforce” (Shah, 2013).
So what challenges have these companies learned that we should consider?
The feedback from companies that have changed to unlimited policies outline some areas
to pay attention to when considering implementing an unlimited policy. “Simply telling people
they can take as much vacation as they want doesn’t mean anyone takes more, in fact, quite the
opposite has been proven – they take less. Though, the “perfect attendance” award is not given
4
ELIMINATING OUTDATED PTO POLICIES
officially, people who work long hours or never take a vacation are still revered as being hard-
workers and they wear self-sacrifice like a badge of honor” (Needham, 2012). Here are some of
the stated additional challenges they faced:
Employees are protective of their current PTO policies and are used to banking time.
Employees are suspicious that this is a tricky way to make them work harder.
Employees are reluctant to take vacation because of a perception they will be
considered a slacker.
There is a fear that employees will abuse and take advantage of the new policy.
Increased engagement by employees is a direct result of empowering employees.
To be successful a change in culture may be needed, with perceptions, values, and
expectations realigned.
These challenges sound tough, is my organization a good fit for a policy like this?
Understanding the challenges then begs the question, is this a good strategy for all
organizations and what is the best way to implement an unlimited policy? Unlimited policies are
not a one-size-fits all solution, each organization has to consider the challenges in front of them
and decide on how best to approach each problem. Below I have outlined some approaches
taken, though these will not fit every situation they can provide a starting point for dialogue and
consideration.
Employee fear of losing saved vacation time: Instead of changing the policy all at
once through a “Big Bang approach,” try an incremental solution. Some examples
such as stop tracking the hour trip to the dentist or trying to manage sick days. As
employees get use to this and trust builds, removing time tracking all together become
much easier.
5
ELIMINATING OUTDATED PTO POLICIES
Employee’s suspicions: Employees that work overtime consistently tend to become
task oriented, this limits their ability to look for and find ways to make a larger
impact. Setting specific goals, clear expectations, and a more results-only work
environment will allow them the freedom to look for solutions to avoid becoming
singularly task oriented. Sometimes the only way to accomplish this is to take a step
back and disconnect from the daily demands of work.
Fear of being considered a slacker: Many employees fear that if they take time off
they will be considered a slacker, even worse some will be confused by the choices
created through a new no limit policy. Too much choice is restrictive and confusing.
Sheena Iyengar, a professor at Columbia Business School, calls this phenomenon
“choice overload.” By creating mandatory minimums, such as two weeks, these
issues can be alleviated and provide staff the needed time off from work to rejuvenate
(Bailyn, 2013).
Abuse of policy: Though there is always risk of abuse, the policy if implemented
correctly, can actually become self-managed by coworkers. Additionally if using a
performance based model, abusers of the policy will find it increasingly difficult to
meet expectations.
Engagement: Real change only occurs when employee’s performance expectations
are part of evaluations. When managers can integrate performance with benefit
initiatives they feel empowered and so do their staff. This collaboration gives them
input and allows them to feel that they can have significant impacts on the work they
do every day.
6
ELIMINATING OUTDATED PTO POLICIES
Realigning your culture may be the toughest consideration: If you have a segmented
workforce this might be a great opportunity to build in more cross functional team
collaboration. When staff members rely on each other to get work done, they have to
collaborate when planning a vacation, to insure work demands are met while they are
away. There are also ways to use performance evaluations to help integrate or scale a
no limit strategy. One suggestion is called, Result-only work environment (ROWE).
ROWE is a performance based model with an understanding that today’s workforce is
constantly connected, and evaluating employees should be based on performance
instead of presence (Ressler & Thompson, 2013).
Is this just a fad or is the workforce changing?
As the workforce changes and more Gen Y employees (Gen Y also known as the
Millennial Generation, is the demographic cohort born after the early 1980’s through 2004) enter
the job market there is an increasing demand for flexible vacation policies. A popular website
called Lifehacker.com did a poll surveying over 11,900 employed workers (Glenn, 2012). Of
those 11,900, 3.55% of responders have flexible vacation policies and another 7.23% have over
30 days. Though this is not the most used policy, these numbers reflect a growing trend towards
more flexible or unlimited policies.
Poll: How Many Vacation days do you get each year?
0-5 days 4.88% (584 votes) 6-10 days 11.42% (1,366 votes) 11-15 days 24.01% (2,873 votes) 16-20 days 19.92% (2,383 votes) 21-25 days 17.83% (2,133 votes) 26-30 days 11.16% (1,335 votes) 31+ days 7.23% (865 votes) Flexible 3.55% (425 votes) Total Votes: 11,964
7
ELIMINATING OUTDATED PTO POLICIES
Additionally Ressler & Thompson cite the following statistics around Gen Y employees:
⅗ of students think they have a right to work remotely with a flexible schedule.
Students want access to corporate information and Networks from home computers and mobile devices.
7/10 of students believe being in an office regularly is unnecessary.
In 2010, 60% of workers of ALL ages believed it was unnecessary to be in an office, and in 2011 that number grew to 69% (Ressler & Thompson, 2013).
How has this approach helped these companies go from good to great?
“GoHealthInsurance.com reported a 200% improvement in productivity when allowing
unlimited vacation time for employees; HubSpot has been ranked the #2 fastest growing
software company on the Inc. 500 since allowing an unlimited vacation time policy” (The Daniel
Group, 2013). In the first quarter of 2013, Netflix emerged as the best-performing stock in the
benchmark Standard & Poor’s 500 index (Wharton University of Pennsylvania, 2013).
“In the past decade, Netflix has gone from
being a tiny US DVD-by-mail company to an
international phenomenon that is disrupting the
traditional TV industry. One reason for Netflix's
ongoing success is the company's culture, which
emphasizes performance, freedom, and responsibility”
(Blodget, 2011). These examples reveal that these
companies understand how people want to work, they
are considered forward thinking organizations by current
and potential employees.
What are the legal risks of changing a PTO policy?
8
ELIMINATING OUTDATED PTO POLICIES
As with any policy change there are risks to implementing. Being cautious and
understanding these risks ahead of time will help avoid legal issues. Colorado Employment Law
letter cites some of the issues to be aware of as:
As unlimited vacation becomes a growing trend, the following legal issues may arise.
Claims of differential/discriminatory treatment. This issue can develop when
there are differences among those who are eligible for unlimited vacation and
those who aren’t. For example, if some hourly nonexempt employees for whom
it’s just not going to work, it probably makes sense to carefully look at statistics
and the background of the workforce. Look for differences between race, sex, and
any other kind of issue that might be perceived as discrimination. This would also
be the case if moving to such a policy only in certain departments or in certain job
categories.
FLSA wage-claim issues if employees are later found to be misclassified. In
the last several years, there has been a lot of collective action on Fair Labor
Standards Act (FLSA) issues, and a lot of the big cases have been related to
employee misclassification. If a group of 50 employees who say they should have
been classified as nonexempt and paid overtime and a court rules for them, this is
50 employees with no time records anymore because of the unlimited vacation
policy.
FLSA wage-claim issues if the transition isn’t handled properly. This issue
mainly arises regarding what to do with the bank of vacation days and PTO days
already on the books.
9
ELIMINATING OUTDATED PTO POLICIES
Intersection with other leave laws and policies. With an unlimited vacation
policy, there may be an issue with other leave laws and/or policies because of not
knowing the reasons somebody is out (Colorado Employment Law Letter, 2011).
Summary
Unlimited PTO policies are a growing trend because statistically when people take
vacation, the results are increased productivity. When organizations impliment and market an
unlimited PTO strategy, they send strong signals to current or potential employees that they
understand:
Today’s workforce is more technically connected to work than ever
Today’s workforce demands more flexibility in how/where/when they work
Productivity is both positively impacted by using vacation days
Highly flexible PTO policies require setting expectations up front
Highly flexible PTO policies help retain talented staff in a highly competitive market
Highly flexible PTO policies are helpful in recruiting talented Gen Y graduates
Highly flexible PTO policies build a culture of trust and loyalty
Organizations moving to plans like this have learned that if you want extraordinary effort,
you have to treat people extraodinary! Empowering employees creates trust which in turn
builds loyalty, lowers operations costs, and increases productivity. Organizational leaders who
approach and implement unlimited PTO policies, 100% understand that people are the key to
helping a company go from good to great (Collins, 2001).
10
ELIMINATING OUTDATED PTO POLICIES
Bibliography
Bailyn, L. (2013, August 27). Unlimited vacation time is better in theory than in practice.
Retrieved from Quartz: http://qz.com/118732/unlimited-vacation-time-is-better-in-
theory-than-in-practice/
Blodget, H. (2011, April 4). How Netflix conquered the World: Management secrets that
propelled A DVD-by-mail company to greatness. Retrieved from Business Insider:
http://www.businessinsider.com/netflix-management-presentation-2011
CareerBuilder, H. I. (2011, March 10). One-in-Four Workers Can’t Afford to Take a Vacation,
CareerBuilder Survey Finds. Retrieved from Careerbuilder.com:
http://www.careerbuilder.com/share/aboutus/pressreleasesdetail.aspx?
id=pr640&sd=5/25/2011&ed=05/25/2011
Collins, J. (2001). Good To Great. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc.
Colorado Employment Law Letter. (2011, June 16). Unlimited vacation policies: pros, cons, and
pitfalls. Retrieved from HRhero Your Employment Law Resource:
http://www.hrhero.com/hl/articles/2011/06/16/unlimited-vacation-policies-pros-cons-
and-pitfalls/
Dishman, L. (2013, July 19). How unlimited vacation can increase productivity at work.
Retrieved from Rise Networks: http://risenetworks.org/2013/07/19/how-unlimited-
vacation-can-increase-productivity-at-work/
Executive Leadership. (2012). Unlimited time off can spur productivity. Executive Leadership, 2.
doi:74757896
Expedia. (2011, September 30). Exedia 2011 Vacation deprivation study reveals wide work-life
disparity across five continents. Retrieved from Expedia:
11
ELIMINATING OUTDATED PTO POLICIES
http://mediaroom.expedia.com/travel-news/expedia-2011-vacation-deprivation-study-
reveals-wide-work-life-disparity-across-five-con
Gallup. (2013, September 29). 2013 State of the American Workplace Report. Retrieved from
Gallup: http://www.gallup.com/strategicconsulting/163007/state-american-
workplace.aspx
Glenn, W. (2012, September 18). How many vacation days do you get each year? Retrieved
from Lifehacker: http://lifehacker.com/5944027/how-many-vacation-days-do-you-get-
each-year
MacMillan, D. (2012, July 20). Employers offer unlimited paid vacation. Retrieved from
SFGate: http://www.sfgate.com/technology/article/Employers-offer-unlimited-paid-
vacation-3726748.php
MacMillan, D. (2012). To Recruit Techies, Companies Offer Unlimited Vacation.
BusinessWeek.com, 7. doi:78075717
McCoy, D. J., & Obuhanych, D. K. (2011, September 14). Bloomberg Law Reports. Retrieved
from Fenwick:
http://www.fenwick.com/fenwickdocuments/unlimited_vacation_policies.pdf
Moxley, R. S. (2000). Leadership and Spirit: Breathing New Vitality and Energy into Individuals
and Organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, Inc.
Needham, D. (2012, April 26). Why a ROWE is better than Unlimited Vacation. Retrieved from
Peak Alignment: http://peakalignment.wordpress.com/2012/04/26/why-a-rowe-is-better-
than-unlimited-vacation/
12
ELIMINATING OUTDATED PTO POLICIES
Ressler, C., & Thompson, J. (2013, September 29). Shrink your office: How changing workplace
culture will save your business money. Retrieved from gorowe.com:
http://www.gorowe.com/clientuploads/Shrink-Your-Office.pdf
Shah, D. (2013, July 16). TIME Idea. Retrieved from Viewpoint: Employees Should Get
Unlimited Vacation: http://ideas.time.com/2013/07/16/viewpoint-employees-should-get-
unlimited-vacation/
The Daniel Group. (2013, September 29). The statistics on employee vacations and productivity.
Retrieved from The Daniel Group: http://www.danielgroupus.com/business-services/for-
employers/the-statistics-on-employee-vacations-and-productivity/
Thompson, J. (2013, May 30). Challenges (and Solutions) to Unlimited Vacation Policy.
Retrieved from Blogging4jobs: http://www.blogging4jobs.com/hr/challenges-and-
solutions-to-unlimited-vacation-policy/
Wharton University of Pennsylvania. (2013, June 05). On Wall Street, Netflix Is a Comeback Kid
— But Can It Stay on Top? Retrieved from Wharton University of Pennsylvania:
http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/on-wall-street-netflix-is-a-comeback-kid-but-
can-it-stay-on-top/
13