emission factors for small combustion installations 28.04.08 anja behnke federal environment agency...
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28.04.08
Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
Anja BehnkeFederal Environment Agency
Germany
Determination of sectoral Emission factors for small combustion installations
28.04.08
Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
Contents
• Emission factors: methodology
• Results
• Projections
28.04.08
Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
Contents
• Emission factors: methodology
• Results
• Projections
28.04.08
Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
Research project on behalf of the environment agency
Dr. M. Struschka; Institute for Process Engineering and Power Plant Technology, University Stuttgart:
„Determination of average emission factors for the current and future development of emissions from combustion units in households and the small consumer sector“
28.04.08
Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
• Improvement of data for several reporting obligations• Source category 1.A.4 (a, b, c)
– Small & medium combustion installations
– Residential (households, [mobile sources])
– Small consumer sector
– Armed forces
• Approx. 30,000,000 installations
Scope of the Study
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Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
What we need to know
• Fuels used in SCIs• Construction types and their nominal heat output• stock of boilers, burners and heating appliances of
every type• appliance-specific energy consumption
– total fuel comsumption in small combustion installations– share of the total consumption for each type of installation
• Emission measurements for every type– mode of operation (share of full load, part load)– age structure (three classes)
• Projections– projections on energy input– options for additional measures
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Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
What we take into account
– Light fuel oil– Natural gas– Coke from hard coal, hard
coal briquettes– Brown coal briquettes from
different areas– Untreated wood, wood waste,
pellets, wood chips, straw
• Else:– operation mode (full load,
part load) – year of manufacture
(3 age classes: before 1988/89, 1989 – 2000, 2001- 2005 )
• Types of installations:• Fuels:
– vaporizing burners– atomizing burners– condensing boilers
– Fan assisted gas burners (boiler)
– Natural draught burners (boilers)
– combi-waterheaters– instantaneous water heaters– storage water heaters– independent convection
heaters
– Logwood Boilers (central and floor heating)
– Woodchip boilers– Pellet boilers– Pellet stoves– Slow combustion stoves– Masonary heaters and tiled
stoves– openfire stoves– fireplaces (open or closed
inserts)– bathroom boilers– cookers
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Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
Data Sources
• Determination of the number of installations and their energy consumption– national energy balance– data from chimney sweeps
• regular monitoring• survey in selected chimney sweep
districts– extensive literature analysis
• e.g. houshold surveys on wood consumption
• Determination of emission factors– Literature analysis:– emission measurement from test stands– field investigations
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Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
Flue Gas Components
• Carbon dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, Methane• Carbon monoxide, volatile organic carbon, NMVOC
• Particulate matter (PM 10, PM 2.5, PM1)
• Benzene• Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Hydrochloric acid• Polychlorinated dioxines and furanes (PCDD/PCDF)• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons• Heavy metals: As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni,
Pb, V, Zn
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Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
Contents
• Emission factors: methodology
• Results
• Projections
28.04.08
Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
sectoral CO emission factor
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
fuel
kg/T
J
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Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
Sectoral NOx emission factor
01020304050
60708090
100
Fuel
kg/T
J
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Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
Sectoral PAH emission factor
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
Fuel
kg/T
J
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Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
Fuels for heat generation
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Kohlebrennstoffe Holz Heizöl EL Erdgas
Energieeinsatz [%]
CO [%]
CH4 [%]
NMVOC [%]
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Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
Emissions from SCI in households
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Kohlebrennstoffe Holz Heizöl EL Erdgas
Energieeinsatz [%]
CO [%]
CH4 [%]
NMVOC [%]
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Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
Emissions from SCI in households
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Kohlebrennstoffe Holz Heizöl EL Erdgas
Energieeinsatz [%]
PM 10[%]
PAH [%]
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Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
Contents
• Emission factors: methodology
• Results
• Projections
28.04.08
Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
Projections: Fuel use in SCI in households
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
TJ
wood
natural gas
liquid gas
light fuel oil
coal
28.04.08
Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
Projections: Fuel use in SCI in households
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
TJ
wood
natural gas
liquid gas
light fuel oil
coal
natural gas II
light fuel oil II
wood II
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Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
WoM-Scenario
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
CO NOx SO2 VOC Partikel
Em
issi
onsa
ufko
mm
en in
% (
Bez
ugsj
ahr:
200
5)
2005 2010 2015 2020
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Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
With additional Measures-Scenario
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
CO NOx SO2 VOC Partikel
Em
issi
onsa
ufko
mm
en in
% (
Bez
ugsj
ahr:
200
5)
2005 2010 2015 2020
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Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
PM-emissions from wood-fired SCI in households
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
Kilo
ton
ne
n
BAU
regulation fornew SCI
regulation fornew and oldSCI
28.04.08
Emission Factors for Small Combustion Installations
Thank your for your attention!