emt 3600 / 6600hs engaging... · diverse cultural heritages of indigenous peoples in canada,...

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Provisional Draft —final syllabus will be distributed on the first day of class—

ENGAGING ABORIGINAL THEOLOGIES

EMT 3664/6664

Fall 2015

Mondays 1:00-4:00

Instructors: Thomas E. Reynolds and Jonathan Hamilton Diabo

[email protected]

[email protected]

―The truth about stories is that that‘s all we are. . . . So you have to be careful with the stories

you tell. And you have to watch out for the stories you are told.‖

Thomas King, from The Truth About Stories: A Native Narrative

Course Description

This course examines Aboriginal understandings of the sacred in both Traditional and Christian

contexts, including oral traditions, ceremonies, and spiritual practices. Attention is given to the

diverse cultural heritages of Indigenous peoples in Canada, historical and contemporary aspects

of Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal relations, and ongoing processes of reconciliation in both national

and church contexts. Also considered are Christian theologies of intercultural and interfaith

engagements as related to building relationships of solidarity and justice between Aboriginal and

non-Aboriginal peoples in Canada. There will be a range of guest speakers and some off-site

fields trips are required.

Prerequistites: Introduction to Theology I and II (or equivalents) or permission of instructers

Required Texts

King, Thomas. The Inconvenient Indian: A Curious Account of Native People in North

America (Toronto: Anchor Canada, 2012)

Heinrich, Steve. Ed. Buffalo Shout, Salmon Cry: Conversations on Creation, Land

Justice, and Life Together (Kitchner, ON: Herald Press, 2013)

Recommended Texts

Reed, Kevin. Aboriginal Peoples in Canada (Toronto: Pearson Canada, 2011)

Treat, James. Ed. Native and Christian: Indigenous Voices on Religious Identity in the

United States and Canada (New York: Routledge, 1996)

Kidwell, Clare Sue, Homer Norley, and George E. “Tink” Tinker. A Native American

Theology (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 2001)

*Required and recommended texts will be available to purchase on campus at a date TBD

*Other required and recommended reading will be available on reserve in the Emmanuel College

library or distributed online via the Portal.

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Learning Outcomes -- Upon completing this course, students should be able to demonstrate…

Basic understanding of Aboriginal traditions and their histories in Canada

Appreciation of diverse (‗theological‘) perspectives and practices among Aboriginal

cultures and spiritual traditions, both Christian and Traditional

Knoweldge of historical relations between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples in

Canada

Understanding of the legacy of colonialism in Canada with regard to Aboriginal peoples

Knowledge of processes of reconciliation in national and church-related contexts

Awareness of the contextual nature of theological and spiritual practices

Understanding of theological reflection as a vehicle for promoting right relations

(including de-colonializing knowledges and practices) and cultivating shalom between

peoples.

Awareness of the theological implications of intercultural and interfaith relations

Empathetic and critical thinking, both in reading and in writing

Class-Time Format

The basic arrangement of time in class will be presentation-discussion. The purpose of the

lectures and presentations will be to introduce, help clarify and expand the context and substance

of the readings. Presentations by and discussions with guest speakers will be a fundamental

aspect of the class. Large and small group discussions will provide an interactive and open

environment to explore relevant materials. The overall strategy behind this course is to generate

critical reflection, so questions, comments, and reflections are welcome at all times.

Course Requirements and Assignments

1. Attendance and Participation, including field trips…………………….. 10%

2. Preparing and Reviewing a learning goals statement…………...…....… 10%

3. Book Analysis (5 pages)………………….……………………………. 20%

4. Reflection Papers (4)…………………………………………………… 20%

5. Research Paper or Presentation…………………………………...……. 40%

Itemization of Requirements:

1. Attendance and informed participation: 10%

Attendance throughout the dates of the course, including field trips.

Participation is key, as it nurtures an engagement with the material. The class is

deliberately designed to be interactive, so your questions and comments are valued as

essential to the learning experience and will be a factor in the overall grade. Appropriate

participation in off site field trips will also factor in the grade. Sensitivity and openness

to Aboriginal learning styles is expected.

Reading course materials carefully and critically is a fundamental part of setting the stage

for engaging the material together. Come to class with questions and comments.

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2. Two Page Learning-Goal Statement and Final Review: 10%

Students will reflect in approximately two single spaced pages on educational as well as spiritual

goals and expectations as the course commenses. Students will be invited to share some of their

statement with the group—though it is not required, as aspects may be too personal or

uncomfortable to share with others.

Questions to consider: Why are you taking this course? What are your specific learning

goals? What expectations, concerns, hopes or anxieties do you have as you begin? What

is your previous experience and knowledge on this subject, which you bring to this

course?

At the conclusion of the course, students will reflect in no more than two single spaced pages on

their experience in the course, and will be invited to share some of their discoveries with the

class.

Questions to consider: Did your experiences meet your expectations? What learning

goals did you achieve? Why or why not? Were there unexpected learning experiences?

How would you evaluate yourself as a learner? What dimensions of the class have been

most helpful/important for you as you prepare for future learning or ministry? What

areas would you like to learn more about?

5. Critical/Reflective Journal: 20%

This is an opportunity for students to reflect critically on readings, field trip experiences,

discussions, etc., in order to deepen engagement with the course. Four entries of 2-3 single-

spaced pages are required throughout the semester required. Students may select the particular

class session from which they wish to base their response. It is expected that students use this

medium to ―process‖ and ―work through‖ materials as the course progresses.

Questions to consider: What struck you as significant about a reading or learning event?

What questions arose, and how might you address or answer them? What bothered you,

and why? How does it relate to your own call to ministry or the communities in which

you participate?

6. Book Analysis: 20%

Due on November 9th

. From a selection of books provided in a bibliography (see below),

students will choose and write a 5 page (double spaced) critical analysis of a book. The analysis

should engage the book‘s key claims and assess their significance, demonstrating solid

understanding, clarity and depth in writing, and an ability to unpack themes and issues. Books

outside the select bibliography may be used with permission from the instructors.

7. Class Presentation OR Research Paper: 40%

Class Presentation:

o During the last two weeks of class, groups of 2-3 students, by pre-arrangement

with the instructors, will present on selected topics related to the class. Students

should expect to address the class for approximately 20 minutes and lead a 10

minute follow-up discussion (30 minutes total).

Research Paper:

o Due no late than December 14th

, this paper should be approximately 10-12 pages

for BD students, and 18-22 pages for AD students, double spaced. The paper

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should focus on a topic or issue germane to the course and investigate, analyze,

and appraise its implications for Aboriginal communities and/or the church in

today‘s world. The assignment is both integrative and research oriented; it offers

the flexibility to research a topic or issue that interests you, while also requiring

you to assess the relevance of your research to some of the materials

read/discussed during the course, drawing your own conclusions in the process.

o Paper assignments should be clearly organized, critical in scope, substantive in

analysis, well documented, thoughtful in assessing materials and making

evaluative claims, and prudent in applications. Excellent papers will not simply

‗state‘ but ‗show‘ their case. Based upon an informed consideration of what is at

stake, they will provide reasons for claims and back up these reasons with solid

evidence.

o Papers should observe Emmanuel College academic regulations and policies, and

note the ―Other Qualities Expected of Students‖ in ―The T.S.T. Grading Scale

Used at Emmanuel College‖ for criteria for evaluation of assignments (found in

2006-07 edition of Handbook of Information for Basic Degree Students). More

information about writing papers can be found at the web site ―Writing at the

University of Toronto‖ at www.utoronto.ca/writing/.

Specific Policies

Email assignments: Emailed assignments will not be accepted except in rare cases with

the prior permission of the instructors.

Accessibility and disability policy: Students with diverse learning styles are welcome in

this course. If you have a disability/health consideration that may require

accommodations, please feel free to approach me and /or the Accessibility Office as soon

as possible. It takes time to put disability related accommodations in place. The sooner

you meet with a Disability Counselor at Accessibility Services, the quicker s/he can assist

you to achieving your learning goals in this course. See the UT web site:

http://www.sa.utoronto.ca/details.php?wscid=4.

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Book Analysis: Select Bibliography

Crey, Ernie. Stolen from our Embrace: The Abduction of First Nations Children and the

Restoration of Aboriginal Communities (Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre, 1997).

Davis, Lynne. Ed. Alliances: Re/Envisioning Indigenous/non-Indigenous Relationships,

(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010).

Deloria, Vine. God is Red: A Native View of Religion (Golden, CO: Fulcrum, 2003)

Grant, John Webster. The Moon of Wintertime: Missionaries and the Indians of Canada

In Encounter Since 1534 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984)

Marasty, Joseph Auguste (author) and David Carpenter (contributor). The Education of

Augie Merasty: A Residential School Memoir (2015)

Miller, J.R. Skyscrapers Hide the Heavens: A History of Indian-White Relations in

Canada, 3rd

Edition (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012)

Miller, J.R. Compact, Contract, Covenant: Aboriginal Treat-Making in Canda (Toronto:

University of Toronto Press, 2009)

Miller, J.R. Shingwauk’s Vision: A History of Native Residential Schools (Toronto:

University of Toronto Press, 1996)

Milloy, John. A National Crime: The Canadian Government and the Residential School

System, 1879-1986 (Winnipeg: Universtity of Manitoba Press, 1999).

Raulston-Saul, John. The Comeback: How Aboriginals are Reclaiming Power and

Influence (New York: Penguin Viking, 2014)

Simpson, Leanne. Dancing On Our Turtle's Back: Stories of Nishnaabeg Re-Creation,

Resurgence, and a New Emergence (Winnipeg: Arbeiter Ring Publishing, 2011)

Smith, Donald B. Sacred Feathers: The Reverend Peter Jones (Kahkewaquonaby) and

the Mississauga Indians, 2nd

Edition (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2013)

Smith, Donald B. Mississauga Portraits: Ojibwe Voices from Nineteenth-Century

Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2013)

Tinker, George E. American Indian Liberation: A Theology of Sovereignty (Maryknoll,

NY: Orbis, 2008)

Wiebe, Ruby and Yvonne Johnson. Stolen Life: The Journey of a Cree Woman (Toronto:

A.A. Knopf Canada, 1999)

Course Schedule

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1. September 14 – Opening day / Introductions

--Guest Speakers: Grafton Anton and Eileen Anton

No reading

2. Septmember 21 – Ways of Life: Spiritual Traditions, Theological Understandings

--Guest Speakers: Bonnie Jane Maracle and Susan Blight

--class meets at First Nations House (563 Spadina Ave., 3rd

floor)

Required Reading

-Thomas King—chapter on creation from ―Green Grass, Running Water‖

-Thomas King, Inconvenient Indian (chs. 1-2)

-Linda Tuhiwai Smith, Decolonizing Methodologies, Ch. 1 (recommended: Intro.)

-Buffalo Shout, Salmon Cry (Intro., Ch. 1, 10, 17)

Recommended Reading

-Aboriginal Peoples (chs. 1-2, 4, 8, 12)

-Thomas King, The Truth About Stories (pp. 1-29)

-Laura E. Donaldson, “The Breasts of Columbus: A Political Anatomy of

Postcolonialism and Feminist Religious Discourse,” Postcolonialism, Feminism,

and Religious Discourse, eds. Laura E. Donaldson and Kwok Pui-lan. (New

York: Routledge, 2002), 41-61

3. September 28 – Indigenous Histories—Broad Canadian Contours: Encounter with

Settlers, Colonialism, and Treaties

--Guest Speakers: Lee Maracle and TBA

Required Reading

-King, Inconvenient Indian (chs. 3-4)

-Buffalo Shout, Salmon Cry (ch. 2, 13)

-Lee Maracle, ―The ‗Post-colonial‘ Imagination,‖ from Unhomely States:

Theorizing English-Canadian Postcolonialism, ed., Cynthia Sugars

(Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press, 2004).

Recommended Reading

-Aboriginal Peoples (chs. 5-6, 9)

- Miller, J.R. Compact, Contract, Covenant: Aboriginal Treat-Making in Canda

- Miller, J.R. Skyscrapers Hide the Heavens: A History of Indian-White Relations

in Canada

-Boyden, Joseph. The Orenda (Toronto: Penguin Canada, 2014).

4. October 5 – Broken Covenants/Residential Schools and Canadian Churches

--Guest Speaker: Andrew Welsley

Required Reading


-J.S. Miller, ―The State, the Church, and Indian Residential Schools in Canada‖

(on Blackboard)

-Mission and Power document (on Blackboard)

-Marilyn Legge, ―Negotiating Mission: A Canadian Stance‖ (on Blackboard)

Recommended Reading:

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-Aboriginal Peoples (ch. 13)

October 12 – Thanksgiving: no class

5. October 19 – All day field trip to Woodland Cultural Centre and Six Nations Reserve

--leaving at Emmanuel College at 8:00 am to return approximately 5:30 pm

Required Reading

-Truth and Reconciliation Commision of Canada Report: What We Have Learned:

Principles of Truth and Reconciliation (p. 1-111) (on Blackboard)

Recommended Reading

-Truth and Reconciliation Commision of Canada, The Survivors Speak

(on Blackboard)

October 26-30 – Reading Week: no class

6. November 2 – Canadian Churches and Government Responses

--Guest Speakers: Lori Ransom and TBA

Required Reading


-Aboriginal Healing Foundation (AHF), Response, Responsibility, and Renewal

(on Blackboard)

Ian MacKenzie, ―For Everything There is a Season,‖ pp. 77-88

Drew Hayden Taylor, ―Cry Me a River, White Boy,‖ pp. 89-96

Richard Wagamese, ―Returning to Harmony,‖ pp. 127-34

Peter Harrison, ―Dispelling Ignorance of Residential Schools,‖ pp. 137-44

Apology and Reconciliation: A Timeline of Events, pp. 160-61

Taiaiake Alfred, ―Restitution is the Real Pathway to Justice for Indigenous

Peoples,‖ pp. 165-70

-AHF, From Truth to Reconciliation (on Blackboard)

David MacDonald, ―A Call to the Churches: ‗You Shall Be Called the

Repairer of the Breach,‘‖ pp. 341-55

-AHF, Speaking My Truth (on Blackboard)

―Learning from the Past: Documents of Reconciliation and Apology from

Canadian Government and Churches,‖ pp. 231-48

7. November 9 – Aboriginal Ministry and Justice in the United Church of Canada

--at UCC General Council Offices, Aboriginal Ministries Circle: Rev. Maggie McLeod

Readings TBA

*Book analysis due

8. November 16 – Truth and Reconcialition: Healing and Decolonization

--Guest Speaker: TBA

Required Reading:

-Truth and Reconciliation Commision of Canada, Calls to Action (on Blackboard)

-TRC Report: What We Have Learned: Principles of Truth and Reconciliation

(on Blackboard) (113-26)

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-Thomas King, Inconvenient Indian (chs. 9-10)

-Aboriginal Healing Foundation (AHF) From Truth to Reconciliation

(on Blackboard)

Brian Rice and Anna Snyder, ―Reconciliation in the Context of a Settler

Society: Healing the Legacy of Colonialism in Canada‖ – 45-63

Condensed Timeline of Events – 64-5

Stan McKay, ―Expanding the Dialogue on Truth and Reconciliation—In a

good way‖ – 99-113

Garnet Angeconeb ―Speaking My Truth: The Journey to Reconciliation‖ –

297-309

Maggie Hodgson, ―Reconciliation: A Spiritual Process‖ – 361-77

Marlene Brant Castellano, ―A Holistic Approach to Reconciliation:

Insights from Research of the Aboriginal Healing Foundation‖ – 383-97


-Aboriginal Peoples (chs. 7, 10-11, 14)

9. November 23 – Theologies: Repentance/Reconciliation, Contextual Theology


Required Reading:

-Buffalo Shout, Salmon Cry (ch. 4, 15

-Native and Christian

Robert Allen Warrior, ―Caanaties, Cowboys, and Indians‖ (93-104)

10. November 30 – New Theological Landscapes


Required Reading:

-Buffalo Shout, Salmon Cry (ch. 5, 8, 9)

-Laura Donaldson, “Making a Joyful Noise,‖ Interventions Vol. 7(2)/2005

-Native and Christian

Adrian Jacobs, ―The Meeting of the Two Ways‖ (184-90)

-A Native American Theology (1-31)


-Native and Christian (1-80)

-A Native American Theology

11. December 7 – presentations

Readings TBA

General Bibliography

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Adams, Howard. Prison of Grass: Canada From a Native Point of View. Saskatoon: Fifth

House, 1989.

______. Tortured People: The Politics of Colonization. Penticton, B.C.: Theytus Books, 1999.

Alfred, Taiaiake. Wasase: Indigenous Pathways of Action and Freedom. Peterborough, ON:

Broadview Press, 2005.

Asi-Diaz, Ada Maria and Eduardo Mendieta. Decolonizing Epistemologies: Latina/o Theology

and Philosophy. New York: Fordham University Press, 2012.

Bowden, Henry Warner. American Indians and Christian Missions: Studies in Cultural

Conflict. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.

Brown, Jennifer S. H., and Elizabeth Vibert. Reading Beyond Words: Contexts for

Native History. Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press, 1996.

Bumsted, J. M. The Peoples of Canada: A Pre-Confederation History. Don Mills, ON: Oxford

University Press, 2003.

Carlson, Joyce. Dancing the Dream: The First Nations and the Church in Partnership. Toronto:

Anglican Book Centre, 1995.

Castro, Daniel. Another Face of Empire: Bartolome de Las Casas, Indigenous Rights, and

Ecclesiastical Imperialism (Durham: Duke University Press, 2007)

Coates, Kenneth, and Robin Fisher. Out of the Background: Readings on Canadian Native

History. Toronto: Irwin Pub., 1998.

De Gruchy, John W. Reconciliation: Restoring Justice. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002.

Dickason, Olive Patricia. Canada’s First Nations: A History of Founding Peoples From Earliest

Times. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Dickason, Olive Patricia, and Moira Calder. A Concise History of Canada's First Nations.

Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Dupuis, Jacques. Toward a Christian Theology of Religious Pluralism. Maryknoll:

Orbis, 1997.

______. Christianity and the Religions: from Confrontation to Dialogue. Translated by

Phillip Berryman. Maryknoll: Orbis, 2003.

Eigenbrod, Renate. Travelling Knowledges: Positioning the Im/Migrant Reader of Aboriginal

Literatures in Canada. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 2005.

Gill, Sam. Native American Religions: An Introduction. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth

Publishing, 1982.

Grant, John Webster. The Moon of Wintertime: Missionaries and the Indians of Canada

In Encounter since 1534. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984.

Graveline, Fyre Jean, Circle Works: Transforming Eurocentric Consciousness. Halifax, NS:

Fernwood Publishing, 1998.

______. Healing Wounded Hearts. Halifax, NS: Fernwood Publishing, 2004.

Greinacher, Norbert and Norbert Mette, eds., Christianity and Cultures. Maryknoll:

Orbis, 1994.

Highwater, Jamake. The Primal Mind: Vision and Reality in Indian America. New

York: Harper & Row, 1981.

Holler, Clyde. Black Eck’s Religion: The Sun Dance and Lakota Catholicism. Syracuse,

NY: Syracuse University Press, 1995.

Hoy, Helen. How Should I Read These?: Native Women Writers in Canada. Toronto: University

of Toronto Press, 2001.

Hynes, William J. and William G. Doty, eds. Mythical Trickster Figures: Contures,

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Contexts and Criticisms. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1993

Jaine, Linda, and Drew Hayden Taylor. Voices: Being Native in Canada. Saskatoon, SK:

University Extension Press, 1995.

Johansen, Bruce E. The Native Peoples of North America: A History. Vol. 1. Wesport,

CT: Praeger, 2005.

Kalant, Amelia. National Identity and the Conflict at Oka : Native Belonging and Myths

of Postcolonial Nationhood in Canada. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Kidwell, Clara Sue, Homer Noley, George Tinker, and Jace Weaver, eds. A Native

American Theology. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 2001.

King, Thomas. The Inconvenient Indian: A Curious Account of Native People in North America.

Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013.

______. A Short History of Indians in Canada: Stories. Toronto: Harper Collins,

2005.

______. The Truth About Stories: A Native Narrative. Toronto: House of Anansi Press,

2003.

Knitter, Paul. Introducing Theologies of Religions. Maryknoll: Orbis, 2002.

______. One Earth Many Religions: Multifaith Dialogue and Global Responsibility.

Maryknoll: Orbis, 1995.

______. No Other Name? A Critical Survey of Christian Attitudes Toward the World

Religions. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1985.

Kraft, Charles H. Christianity in Culture: A Study in Dynamic Biblical Theologizing in

Cross-Cultural Perspective. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1998.

Küster, Volker. The Many Faces of Jesus Christ. Maryknoll: Orbis, 2001.

Lame Deer, John (Fire) and Richard Erdoes. Lame Deer, Seeker of Visions. New York:

Pocket Books, 1994.

Legge, Marilyn J. ―Seeking ‗Right Relations‘: How Should Churches Respond to

Aboriginal Voices?‖ Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics. 22 (2002): 22-47.

Lochhead, David. The Dialogical Imperative; A Christian Reflection on Interfaith

Encounter. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1988.

McDaniel, Jay. Gandhi’s Hope: Learning from Other Religions as a Path to Peace.


McMillan, Alan D. First Peoples in Canada. Book, Whole. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre,

2004.

McKay, Stan and Janet Silman, The First Nations: A Canadian Experience of the Gospel-

Culture Encounter. Geneva: WCC Publications, 1995.

Mortensen, Viggo, ed., Theology and the Religions: A Dialogue. Grand Rapids:

Eerdmans, 2003.

Neihardt, John G. Black Elk Speaks. New York: Pocket Books, 1959.

Nichols, Roger L. Indians in the United States and Canada: A Comparative History.

Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1998.

Niebuhr, H. Richard. Christ and Culture. New York: Harper and Row, 1951.

Peelman, A. Christ is a Native American. Ottawa: Novalis/Orbis, 1995.

Phan, Peter. Being Religious Interreligiously: Asian Perspectives on Interfaith Dialogue.


______. In Our Own Tongues: Perspectives from Asia on Mission and Inculturation.


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Pohl, Christine D. Making Room: Recovering Hospitality as a Christian Tradition.

Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999.

Pui-lan, Kwok. Postcolonial Imagination and Feminist Theology. Louisville:

Westminster/John Knox Press, 2005.

Richter, Daniel K. The Ordeal of the Longhouse: The Peoples of the Iroquois League in

the Era of European Colonization. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina

Press, 1992.

Russell, Letty M. ―God, Gold, Glory and Gender: A Postcolonial View of Mission,‖

International Review of Mission. 93/368 (January 2004): 39-49.

______. Church in the Round: Feminist Interpretations of the Church. Louisville:

Westminster/John Knox, 1993.

Sanneh, Lamin. Whose Religion is Christianity? The Gospel Beyond the West. Grand

Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003.

______. Translating the Message: The Missionary Impact on Culture. Maryknoll: Orbis,

1989.

Schineller, Peter, S.J. A Handbook on Inculturation. New York: Paulist Press, 1990.

Schouls, Timothy A. Shifting Boundaries: Aboriginal Identity, Pluralist Theory, and the

Politics of Self-Government. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2003.

Schreiter, Robert J. The New Catholicity: Theology between the Global and the Local.


Starkloff, Carl F., ―Aboriginal Cultures and the Christ,‖ Theological Studies. 53/2 (1992):

288-312.

Steckley, John, and Bryan David Cummins. Full circle: Canada's First Nations. Toronto:

Prentice Hall, 2001.

Steinmetz, Paul B., S.J. The Sacred Pipe: An Archetypal Theology. Syracuse, NY:

Syracuse University Press, 1998.

Sugirtharaja, R. S. Postcolonial Reconfigurations: An Alternative Way of Reading the

Bible and Doing Theology. St. Louis: Chalice Press, 2003.

______. Asian Biblical Hermeneutics and Postcolonialism: Contesting Interpretations.

Maryknoll: Orbis 1998.

Tanner, Kathryn. Theories of Culture: A New Agenda for Theology. Minneapolis:

Fortress Press, 1997.

Taylor Huber, Mary, and Nancy C. Lutkehaus, eds., Gendered Missions: Women and

Men in Missionary Discourse and Practice. Ann Arbor: The University of

Michigan Press, 1999.

Taylor, Patrick. Nation Dance: Religion, Identity and Cultural Difference in the

Caribbean. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001.

Thiemann, Ronald F. Constructing a Public Theology; the Church in a Pluralistic

Culture. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1991.

Tillich, Paul. Theology of Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959.

Treat, James, ed., Native and Christian: Indigenous Voices on Religious Identity in the

United States and Canada. New York: Routledge, 1996.

Troeltsch, Ernst. The Social Teaching of the Christian Churches. Translated by Olive

Wyon. New York: Harper, 1960.

Twigg, Alan. Aboriginality. Vancouver: Ronsdale Press, 2005.

Valaskakis, Gail Guthrie. Indian Country: Essays on Contemporary Native Culture.

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Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2005.

Van Camp, Richard. Angel Wing Splash Pattern. Wiarton, ON: Kegedonce Press, 2002.

Van Kirk, Sylvia. Toward a Feminist Perspective in Native History. Toronto: Ontario Institute

for Studies in Education, 1987.

______. Many Tender Ties: Women in Fur-Trade Society in Western Canada, 1670

-1870. Winnipeg: Watson & Dwywer, 1980.

Volf, Miroslav. Exclusion and Embrace: A Theological Exploration of Identity,

Otherness, and Reconciliation. Nashville: Abingdon, 1996.

Walls, Andrew. The Cross-Cultural Process in Christian History: Studies in the

Transmission and Appropriation of Faith. Maryknoll: Orbis, 2002.

______. The Missionary Movement in Christian History: Studies in Transmission of

Faith. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1996.

Wells, Harold. The Christic Center: Life-giving and Liberating. Maryknoll: Orbis, 2004.

Wells, Harold and Gregory Baum. The Reconciliation of Peoples: Challenge to the

Churches. Maryknoll, Orbis: 1997.

Williamson, Pamela. First Nations Peoples. Toronto: Emond Montgomery Publications, 2004.

Wishart, Vernon R. What Lies Behind the Picture? A Personal Journey into Cree Ancestry. Red

Deer, Alta: Central Alberta Historical Society, 2006.

Wright, Ronald, Stolen Continents: The New World Through Indian Eyes Since 1492