End of the Year Assessment Review

4 Branches of Earth Systems

Astronomy

Meterology

Geology

Oceanography

What is the order of objects in the universe according to their size?

Largest Smallest Universe Galaxy Solar System Star Planet (ex: Earth) Moon Comet

Planets/moons may be reversed. However, this is a generally accepted hierarchy.

What is the galaxy we live in?

Milky Way

How many stars are in our solar system?

1 (our sun)

What are the 3 main types of rock classification?

Igneous

Sedimentary

Metamorphic

These (rocks) classifications are based on……

How they were formed Heat Pressure Cooling Weathering Erosion Compaction

How do rocks help explain the Earth’s history?

Shows the changes in the Earth’s atmosphere/climate and different events that occurred on the Earth

Fossil explain what creatures were present on the Earth

Rock types showed that certain continents may have been together

3 layers of the Earth

Outermost Inner Layer Crust Mantle Core

The 3 layers based upon…..

Composition What they

are made up of

5 layers of the Earth

Outermost Innermost Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere Outer Core Inner Core

The 5 layers are based on their…..

Physical characteristics

The outermost layer is broken into….

Tectonic Plates

3 types of plate boundaries

Transform

Divergent

Convergent

What are the physical features formed at each boundary?

Transform faults

Divergent Ridges

Convergent Trenches Mountains/

Volcanoes

What are convection currents and what causes them?

They are the rising of heated material and the sinking of cooled material.

Caused by: Unequal heating

from a heat

source

3 examples of where convection currents can be found

Asthenosphere

Ocean/ water

Air

What is the percentage of gases in the Earth’s atmosphere?

Nitrogen 78%

Oxygen 21 %

Other about 1 % Helium,

Hydrogen, Carbon Dioxide, & Argon

What causes the moon to appear in different phases throughout the month?

Position of the Earth & sun

What causes the seasons?

TILT of the Earth

Hurricanes vs. Tornadoes

Hurricanes

Size: Larger area covered

Speed: Sustained: 74- over 155 mph

Duration: over days

Intensity: causes flooding & wind damage

Intensity Scale: Saffir- Simpson Scale

Tornadoes

Size: smaller area

Speed: Gusts: 65- over 200 mph

Duration: usually minutes

Intensity: hail & wind damage

Intensity Scale: Enhanced Fujita Scale