ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

10.7

• ENDOCRINE GLANDSAND THEIR HORMONES

Cyrus L. Gonzales™

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

10.7

• ENDOCRINE GLANDSAND THEIR HORMONES

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Reporters:Romel BernardoCyrus Gonzales

Endocrine SystemPituitary Gland

Thyroid Gland

Parathyroid Gland

Adrenal Gland

Pancreas

Testis

Ovary

Thymus Gland

Pituitary Gland HYPOTHALAMUS

•Small gland about the size of a pea.

•It is connected to the hypothalamus by a

stalk called Infundibulum.

•It is called the MASTER GLAND because it controls the function of so many other glands (ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, and adrenal cortex)

•It is divided into two parts: Anterior Pituitary and Posterior Pituitary

•Anterior and posterior pituitary contains capillary bed which connects it to the hypothalamus for direct innervations of hormones.

PITUITARYGLAND

•The hormones secreted by anterior pituitary gland are:

•Growth Hormone•Thyroid Stimulating Hormone•Adrenocorticotropic Hormone•Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone•Luteinizing Hormone•Follicle-stimulating Hormone•Prolactin

PITUITARYGLAND

•The hormones secreted by posterior pituitary gland are:

•Antidiuretic Hormone (ADHD)•Oxytocin

PITUITARYGLAND

PITUITARY GLANDAnterior PituitaryGrowth Hormone - Most tissues -Increase gene expression breakdown

of lipids, and release of fatty acids from cells; increases blood glucose level.

Thyroid Stimulating - Thyroid Gland - Increase thyroid hormone secretion. HormoneAdrenocorticotropic - Adrenal cortex - Increase secretion of glucocorticoid Hormone hormones, such as cortisol; increases

skin pigmentation at high concentrations.

Melanocyte-stimulating -Melanocytes -Increase melanin production in Hormone in the skin melanocytes to make skin darker color.

Luteinizing Hormone - Ovary in female - Promotes ovulation and progesterone Testis in male production in ovary; promotes

testosterone synthesis and support for sperm cell production in testis

PITUITARY GLANDAnterior PituitaryFollicle-stimulating - Follicles in ovary -Promotes follicle maturation and estrogen Hormone in female; seminifo- secretion in ovary; promotes sperm cell

rous tubules in male production in testis

Prolactin - ovary and mammary - Stimulates milk production and prolongs gland in female; testis progesterone secretion following

in male ovulation and during pregnancy in women; increase sensitivity to LH in males.

Superior PituitaryAntidiuretic -kidney - Conserves water; constricts blood vessel.Hormone

Oxytocin - Uterus, - Increase uterine contractions.mammary gland Increase milk letdown from mammary gland

PITUITARYGLAND

PITUITARYGLAND

THYROIDGLAND

•Is made up of two lobes connected by a narrow band called ISTHMUS.

•One of the largest endocrine gland. It appears more red because it is highly vascular.

•The main function of thyroid gland is to secrete thyroid hormone- which regulate the rate of metabolism in the body.

•The hormone secretion is regulated by hypothalamus and pituitary.

•Thyroid hormones are THYROXINE or TETRAIODOTHYROXINE (T4) and TRIIODOTHYROXINE (T3).

THYROIDGLAND

Goiter – enlargement of thyroid gland

Hypothyroidism – lack of thyroid hormones

*in infants hypothyroidism can result in CRETINISM

*in adults lack of thyroid hormones can result in MYXEDEMA

Hyperthyroidism - increase in metabolic rate, extreme nervousness, and chronic fatigue.

THYROIDGLAND

THYROIDGLANDThyroid hormones -Most cells of the Body -Increase metabolic rates, (Thyroxine & Triiodothyroxine) essential for normal

process of growth and maturation.

Calcitonin -Primarily bone - Decrease rate of bone breakdown; prevents large increase in blood Calcium

levels following a meal

THYROIDGLAND

PARATHYROIDGLAND

•

• Embedded in the posterior wall of the thyroid gland.

• It secrets hormone called PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH) – which is essential for regulation of blood calcium levels.

• Hyperparathyroidism- abnormally high rate of PTH secretion.

• Hypoparathyroidism- abnormally low rate of PTH secretion.

PARATHYROIDGLAND

PARATHYROIDGLAND

Parathyroid hormones

-Bone, Kidney

-Increase rate of bone breakdown by osteoclasts; increases vitamin D synthesis, essential for maintenance of normal blood calcium level.

PARATHYROIDGLAND

ADRENAL GLAND

•

•Two small glands located superior to each kidney.

• Each adrenal gland has an inner part called ADRENAL MEDULLA and an outer part called ADRENAL CORTEX. They function as separate glands

•The principal hormones of adrenal medulla are Epinephrine and Noripinephrine – also known as Fight-or-Flight hormone. They are release in response to stimulation of sympathetic nervous system.

ADRENAL GLAND

•Adrenal Cortex secretes three classes of steroid hormones:

•Mineralocorticoids

•Glucocorticoids

•Androgens

ADRENAL GLAND

ADRENALGLANDAdrenal MedullaEpinephrine, some - Heart, Blood vessel - increase cardiac outputmostly noripenephrine liver, fat cells increase blood flow to

skeletal muscles and heart; increase release of glucose and fatty acids into blood; in general prepares body for physical activity

ADRENALGLANDAdrenal CortexMineralocorticoids - Kidneys; to lesser degree - increase rate of sodium

intestine and sweat glands transport into the body increase rate of potassium excretion; secondarily favor water retention.

Glucocorticoids -Most tissues (liver, fat, skeletal -Increase fat and protein muscle, immune tissues) breakdown; increase

glucose synthesis from amino acids; increase

blood nutrient level; inhibit inflammation and immune response.

Adrenal Androgens - Most tissues -Insignificant in males; increase female sexual drive, growth of pubic and axillary hair.

ADRENALGLAND

PACREAS

•Endocrine part of the pancreas consists of pancreatic islets. The islets secrete two hormones- insulin and glucagon- which helps regulates blood levels of nutrients specially glucose.

•Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells while insulin is secreted by beta cells.

PANCREAS

•The hormone INSULIN is released by beta cells in response to elevated blood glucose levels.

•The hormone GLUCAGON is released from alpha cells when blood glucose levels are too low.

PANCREAS

Insulin -Especially liver, skeletal -Increase uptake and use of muscle, adipose tissue. Glucose and amino acids.

Glucagon - Primarily liver - Increase breakdown of glycogen

and release of glucose into the circulatory system.

PACREAS

PACREAS

TESTES AND OVARIES

•The testes of males secret sex hormones in addition to sperm cells.

•The main sex hormone in male is TESTOSTERONE.

TESTES

•The ovary of female secrete sex hormones in addition to egg cells or oocytes.

•Two main classes of sex hormone in female: PROGESTERONE & ESTROGEN.

OVARY

TESTES

TESTOSTERONE -Most tissues -Aids in sperm cell production, maintenance of functional reproductive

organs, secondary sexual charac- teristics, sexual behavior.

OVARIES

Estrogens & - Most tissues - Aids in uterine and mammary gland

Progesterone development and function , external genitalia structure, secondary sexual characteristics, sexual behavior, menstrual

cycle.

TESTES AND OVARIES

TESTES

OVARIES

THYMUS GLAND

•The thymus lies in the upper part of thoracic cavity.

•It is important in the function of immune system.

•It secretes hormone called THYMOSIN.

THYMUSGLAND

THYMOSIN

-Immune tissue

-Promotes immune system development and function.

THYMUS GLAND

THYMUS GLAND

PINEALGLAND

•The pineal gland is a small, pinecone-shaped structure located superior and posterior to the thalamus.

•It secretes hormone called MELATONIN.

PINEALGLAND

MELATONIN

-Among others, Hypothalamus

-Inhibits secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, thereby inhibiting reproduction.

PINEALGLAND

PINEAL GLAND

Explain and give the function of their hormones (1)

Pituitary Gland –

Thyroid Gland –

Parathyroid Gland –

Pancreas –

Adrenal Gland –

Testes and Ovaries –

Thymus Gland –

Pineal Gland –

THINK YU VIRY MATSS!!!!