Energy EfficiencyThe Essential, But Largely Missing, Element!

By

Trevor BerrillSustainable Energy Systems Consultant

www.trevolution.com.au

http://www.trevolution.com.au/

Product Life Cycle

• Energy and material trail of a product

• (Source: AGO)

• Embodied Energy

• Operational Energy

• Average House

Embodied = 1000GJ

= 15 yrs Operation

(Source: www.yourhome.gov.au)

How do we improve our Effic. of Energy Use?

• Managing • Behaviour

• Shift loads

• More Efficient Technology

• Swap Fuel Source

Lighting

• Switch off

• Movement Sensors

• Halogen > LED 5-10x

• Upgrade to 6 Star Fridge

• Switch to Renewables

Benefits of Energy Efficiency

Society• Lower emissions• Lower costs

• Elect. Network upgrades • Deferred Generation Capacity• Mine pollution & rehabilitation

End-user• Lower operating cost• Reduce size and cost of solar PV• Fast return on investment

Solar PV & Peak Power Reduction – Energex Network

• Peak driven by Air Con.

• Solar PV reduced peak by 300 to 500MW

Power vs Time of Day

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(kW

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Café Consumption – 94kwh/day

Average Hourly Demand (kW)

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Home Consumption - 18kWh/day

Average Hourly Demand (kW)

Domestic Load Profile vs Commercial Load Profile

Domestic – Peaks 7am and 7pm

Commercial – Peaks depend on operational practices

Area under curve = daily energy (kWh)

Energy Use in Homes and Businesses

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Break-down of Electricity Use in CAFÉ – 94 kWh/day

Percent(%)

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35.0

Break-down of Electricity Use in Office – 35 kWh/day

Percent(%)

Source: http://www.energyrating.gov.au/products/space-heating-and-cooling

http://www.energyrating.gov.au/products/space-heating-and-cooling

Energy Audit

• Traces historical consumption

• Requires good metering

• Identifies • Building envelope – heat

loss/gain/infiltration

• Appliance –age/consumption/contribution peak demand

• Efficiency improvements

• Management improvements

• Cost Savings and ROI

Options

1. Self-audit

2. Hire professional auditors

3. Combination 1 & 2

4. Performance contracts

Appliance Meter Home Meter Business Meter

Passive Solar Design Principles

• Orientation – Long axis E-W

• Zoning – Living to N & NE

• Building materials and colours - light

• Thermal Mass – floor mostly

• Glazing – N & S

• Insulation – Bulk & Reflective

• Windows / Ventilation

• Shading – E & W

• Landscaping – E, W & S

• Internal fittings - EE

Energy – Priority Order

Behavioural changes • Switch off / put jumper on • Use a fan • heat & cool smaller areas / close windows & doors if Air

Cond. • Think Energy (& Water).

Hot water• Replace thermostat and set to lower temperature –

min. 60C • Add insulation around tank.• Replace with Solar or Heat Pump when necessary

Energy – Priority Order

• Lighting – change to CFLs & LEDs

• Refrigerators – 6 Star ventilate / fan cooling

• Upgrade other appliances to 6 Star

• Insulate Roof/Ceiling and Walls

• Shade E/W windows

• Upgrade Fans & Air Con units COP/EER >5

• Swap to Induction Cooking – fast accurate control

Case Study – Home

Workers Cottage – extend 3 bed / 2 ensuites2- 3 people - SandgateElectricity - 11 kWh/day 1.5kW PV – 6kWh/dayGas – Cooking and Stove – 22 MJ/day

Case Study – Small Business – Café

There’s Leaders and Followers

Germany EE & RE

• Halving Total Energy Use by 2050 Targets >80% RE Elect

• 30% RE electricity since 2004.

• >370,000 jobs in RE 2014

• Huge export industry(www.energytransition.de)

http://www.energytransition.de/

References

• CSIRO Home Energy Saving Handbook (2009) Pan Macmillan Press

• EnergyCut – The 20 step guide to cutting energy bills in your business www.energycut.com.au

• Energy Rating http://www.energyrating.gov.au/

• Your Home Technical Manual www.yourhome.gov.au

http://www.energycut.com.au/http://www.energyrating.gov.au/http://www.yourhome.gov.au/