1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Mto

e

KEY ENERGY FACTS

“The continuation of Indonesia’s economic, political and social success story depends on its ability to deliver sustainable and sufficient energy supply to markets and ultimately to consumers. Meeting demand growth and ensuring the environmental sustainability of energy supplies must remain key pillars of its economic and investment policies and strategies.” IEA Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries, Indonesia 2015

255.9POPULATION

859GDP (US$)

million billion %4.8GDP GROWTH

11,100GDP PER CAPITA (US$)

KEY STATISTICS

“Domestic consumption of coal is rising given coal’s prominent position in Indonesia’s long term energy generation plans.” Asian Development Bank, Summary of Indonesia’s energy sector assessment, ADB papers on Indonesia N 09 – Dec 2015

Page 1 of 2

Indonesian National Energy Policy 2014 sets out the ambition to transform the energy mix by 2025 as follows:

ENERGY IN INDONESIA

30%coal

25%natural gas

22%oil

23%renewable resources

Indonesia's energy production by source, 1973-2012

Source: IEA (2014a), Energy Balance of Non-OECD Countries, OECD/IEA, Paris*Negligible

Oil Biofuels and waste Hydro* Solar* Geothermal Wind*Natural gasCoal

¬ Indonesia is the world’s largest coal exporter and the fourth-largest coal producer.¬ The share of coal in the energy mix increased from 58.3 Mtoe in 2002 to 255.7 Mtoe in 2012.¬ Coal’s share of energy production is 58.1%.¬ The expected annual increase in energy consumption is 7%.

“Increasing the sustainability of the energy sector is crucial to ensure that Indonesia reaches its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction target. This will require the adoption of new and more efficient technologies in the transport and electricity generation sectors. Clean coal technologies are critical in this respect, given the projected increase in coal-fired power generation in Indonesia.” IEA Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries, Indonesia 2015

Indonesia has committed to reduce unconditionally 29% of its GHG by 2030 against the business as usual scenario and to reduce 41% of its GHG emissions by 2030, if receiving the necessary international cooperation, including through bilateral cooperation, technology development and transfer, capacity building, technical cooperation, access to financial resources and payment for performance mechanisms. Indonesia‘s INDC highlights the country decision to embark on a mixed energy use.

ELECTRICITY

“The ten-year plan for electricity projects envisages coal-fired power generation increasing by over 160% between 2013 and 2022.” IEA Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries, Indonesia 2015

COAL IN THE ENERGY MIX

“Indonesia’s coal production is expected to increase by more than 50%, reaching over 600 Mtce in 2040.” IEA Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries, Indonesia 2015

“As an abundant indigenous fuel, coal remains a primary component of Indonesia’s efforts to provide electricity access to a growing percentage of its population. At present, 50 coal-fired power plants are operational in Indonesia with a capacity of 19,404 MW.” IEA Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries, Indonesia 2015

ENERGY POVERTY IN INDONESIA INDONESIA'S NDC

Page 2 of 2

Source: WCA analysis 2016

Natural gas Biofuels and waste Oil GeothermalCoal Hydro

Domestic power consumption per capita in 2013 – compared to China (3762 kWh), France (7379 kWh) and UK (5407 kWh).

kWh788Number of Indonesians who still rely on biomass for cooking in 2011. The World Health Organization estimates that over 45,000 deaths per year are attributable to indoor air pollution in Indonesia (WHO, 2009).

People who lack access to electricity.

million39 million103

Indonesia’s electricity

generation, 2012

6.5%

0.1%

23.2%

4.8%

16.7%

48.7%

The use of coal in electricity generation has more than doubled since 2002, increasing its share in electricity production from 39.7% in 2002 to 48.7% in 2012.

The installed capacity of Indonesia.

45,253MW

The total electricity generation. That amounts to an increase of 81% since 2002.

The Indonesian electricity per capita, while the IEA average is 9.3 MWh.

195.9TWh

0.8MWh

Electricity generation that comes from renewable energy sources.

11.4%

The increase in the share of coal in total primary energy supply, 2002-2012.

9.3%The annualised rate of the growth of coal supply, 2002-2012.

6.9%

Consumption by sector residential41.4% industrial34.6% commercial24%

Source: NEC (National Energy Council) (2014), National Energy Policy 2014-2025, NEC, Jakarta

Indonesia's national energy mix plans to 2050

New and renewable energy OilCoal Gas

2012

TOTAL 159 Mtoe;0.7 Mtoe/capita

TOTAL 400 Mtoe;1.4 Mtoe/capita

TOTAL 480 Mtoe;1.7 Mtoe/capita

TOTAL 1,000 Mtoe;3.2 Mtoe/capita

29%

24%

41%

6%

2025

30%

25%

23%

22%

2030

30%

23%22%

25%

2050

25%

24% 20%

31%

Indonesia’s coal resources are six times larger than its proven reserves and most of them could be put into production with relative ease.