english phonology
TRANSCRIPT
ENGLISH PHONOLOGY
SUCI CHAIRUNISSA201212501140
LIA NURJANAH 201212501170
ENGLISH PHONOLOGY
STRESS DEFINITION
AND
DEGREE
DERIVITIONALSUFFIXES THAT AFFECT
STRESS
WORD STRESS
STRESS DEFINITION
AND
DEGREE
IS SUPRASEGMENTAL FEATURE OF LANGUANGE THAT’S IS OCCUR
SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH SEGMENTS, THE CONSONANT
AND VOWEL DESCRIBED IN PERCEDING CHAPTERS
WHAT IS STRESS
CHARACTERISTICS OF STRESS
• LOUDER IN VOLUME
• LONGER IN DURATION
• HIGHER IN PITCH
WHEN A SYLLABLE IS STRESSED, IT IS PRONOUNCED :
LEVEL OF STRESSUnstressed : having no
recognizable amount of prominence.
Primary Stress (‘) : stress which the most
prominenceSecondary stress (,) :
stronger than unstressed but weaker than the
primary stress
EXAMPLE OF WORD STRESS
DERIVATIONAL
DEFINITION DERIVATIONALTHE PROCESS OF FORMING A NEW
WORD ON THE BASIS OF
AN EXISTING WORD
SUFFIXESIs a group of letters placed at the end
of a word to make a new word.
A suffix can make a new word in one of two ways:• Inflectional (grammatic
al)• Derivational (the new
word has a new meaning,
"derived" from the original word)
DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES, WHICH SOMETIMES AFFECT, ARE CLASSIFIED INTO THREE TYPES:
1.STRESS-PRESERVING2.STRESS-ATTRACTING3.STRESS-SHIFTING
STRESS-PRESERVING SUFFIXES produce change in stress placement in words. An example is the suffix –Ful, which changes a noun into an adjectives, For example:
‘wonder/’wonderful. ‘beauty/’beautiful. ‘success/’successful.
Receive primary stress: for example, -ee,
which changes a verb into a noun as in,
STRESS-ATTRACTING SUFFIXES
for example:
em’ploy/ employ’ee.
re’fuge/refug’ee
Make the stress shift, but not to the suffix that caused shift.
An example of a stress-shifting suffix is –ive, which changes a noun into an adjective ,
For example:
‘reflex/re’flexive
STRESS-SHIFTING SUFFIXES
EXAMPLE
WORDS
SUFFIX
AFTER ADDING SUFFIX
‘comfort
‘-able’
‘comfortable’
‘wonder
‘-ful’ ‘wonderful’
‘amaze
‘-ing’ ‘amazing’
‘person
‘-age’ ‘personage’
‘refuse
‘-al’ ‘refusal’
derivational suffixes do not affect the stress