entrepreneurship and leadership in tourism...entrepreneurship and leadership in tourism leaders...

$: Entrepreneurship and Leadership in Tourism...Entrepreneurship and Leadership in Tourism Leaders Monitor the Work and Effectiveness of Each Team\爀屲Explain the difference in monitoring$
2015 St. Eustatius Sustainable Conference

Entrepreneurship and Leadership in Tourism

St. Eustatius September 24, 2015

Presentation by Dr. Sidney A. McPhee

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Introduction Good morning / afternoon I am pleased to be part of this conference Comment on topic and its importance Reference the handouts LEADERSHIP

Leadership:

o Some theoretical perspectives of leadership from a global/international view

o My personal and professional experiences as an academic leader

o Some thoughts on characteristics of effective leaders



Presenter

Presentation Notes

I would like to thank ________________________________ for inviting me to be with you today to share some thoughts on the topic of “Principle-centered leadership from a global and personal perspective” My remarks today focus on leadership will include: Some theoretical perspective of leadership from a global / international view My personal and professional experiences as an academic leader Some thoughts on characteristics of effective principle-centered leaders PLANNING FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT – �X-FACTOR LEADERSHIP

Planning for sustainable tourism development The big “X-factor”

- leadership



Presenter

Presentation Notes

NOW…let’s revisit what we discussed early about leadership… Leadership at all levels It all starts with leadership. IT STARTS WITH LEADERHIP �AND ENDS WITH LEADERSHIP

It starts with leadership and

ends with leadership



Presenter

Presentation Notes

Preparing leaders to ensure success in a sustainable tourism industry is critical So let’s start with a brief overview of the definition of leadership Internal and external leadership development is crucial to the success of every business A leadership program helps ease the chain of succession, make employees feel more connected to the business and can transfer good ideas to the whole organization Before you start a leadership development program, you have to make sure your business has a clear vision and stated goals��Experts say many companies discount this critical first step, which makes it harder to inspire new leadership.� DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS �OF EFFECTIVE PROINCPLE CENTERD LEADERSHIP

Definition and characteristics of effective principle-centered leadership

Stephen Covey suggests that “effective leadership is built from strongly developed internal core of meaning principles.”

Covey identified 4 central principles of leadership: 1. Security 2. Guidance 3. Wisdom 4. Power

Rick Edgeman (1998) noted 3 core values of principle leadership:

1. Employee empowerment 2. Profound trust 3. Facilitating competencies



Presenter

Presentation Notes

Definition and characteristics of principle-centered leadership Stephen Covey suggests that “effective leadership is built from strongly developed internal core of meaning principles.” Covey identified 4 central principles of leadership: Security – sense of one’s worth; self esteem and emotions Guidance – direction we receive in life Wisdom – sense of balance, judgement, discernment Power – capacity to act; strength and courage to accomplish tasks Covey (991) noted that “Principles provide “true north” direction to our lives when navigating the “streams” of our environments” p. 19 Rick Edgeman (1998) noted 3 core values of principle leadership: Employee empowerment Profound trust Facilitating competencies 8 CHARACTERISTICS OF PRINCPLE CENTTERED LEADERS

Eight (8) characteristics of principle-centered leaders 1. Life-long learners 2. Service focused 3. Generate positive energy (vibes) 4. Trust, value, and believe in people 5. Have balanced life 6. View life as an adventure 7. Look for synergy 8. Engage in self-renewal

Covey, “Principle-centered Leadership” (1991)



Presenter

Presentation Notes

“Trust or the lack of it is at the root of success or failure in relationships and in the bottom line results of business, industry, education, and government.” �� Covey (119) p. 31 GOOD TO GREAT ��

Good to Great leadership traits

Leaders monitor the work and effectiveness of each team

Provide timely feedback and evaluation

Formative and summative feed Jim Collins (2001)



Presenter

Presentation Notes

Leaders Monitor the Work and Effectiveness of Each Team Explain the difference in monitoring and “looking over their shoulder” Effective leaders continually monitor the work of each team along the way, rather than waiting until the end, only to discover that a team may be ineffective. Leaders are not reluctant to assist teams to enhance their effectiveness—even to the point of disbanding the team and starting over. Jim Collins (Good to Great, 2001) reminds us that effective leaders are “…fanatically driven, infected with an incurable need to produce results.” MARTIN LUTHER KING – THE HOW AND WHY

THE “HOW” AND “WHY” Focus on the “How”

An Example: The Power of Why

Some characteristics of less effective leaders Dr. Martin Luther King’s

“I have a Dream” speech

Underestimate the importance of articulating a compelling case

DuFour and Marzano, Leaders of Learning (2011)



Presenter

Presentation Notes

Focus on the “Why”----� Good leaders always focus on the “why” �when implementing change. Less effective leaders spend enormous energy and effort pursuing “how” significant change and improved results are to be achieved. Often, they forget the importance of focusing time and again on the “why”—why we are doing this? It is impossible to motivate and inspire others to act in the absence of a clear and compelling purpose. This is the leader’s responsibility, and without it success is doubtful at best. An Example: The Power of Why fifty years ago Dr. Martin Luther King motivated and inspired (and indeed changed) a nation with his famous speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial on the mall in Washington, D.C. But, he did not begin each of those emotional paragraphs with “I have a plan….” Rather, what did he do? He inspired a nation to act with the rousing proclamation, “I have a dream…!” And, he did this time and time again! The “Dream” focused on the “why”…why it is right to have equality of the races in America The leadership factor According to a 2014 article in “Tourism Excellence: The Cover Price in Visitor Satisfaction” module… The critical component of success in the tourism industry is the cooperation among various organizations – local government, regional tourism associations, and local tourism associations in partnering to work cohesively toward a common goal So I highly recommend that on-going leadership development and training are a significant component of a strategic plan to accomplish a sustainable tourism economy Some examples of leadership factors: : Adequate resources Strong and effective leadership Financial resources without competent vision and motivating leadership leads to unrealized potential in tourism. GROWTH IN THE CARRIBEAN – FUTURE ECONOMIC OUTLOOK

Growth in The Caribbean: Future economic outlook



Diversity Flat growth Innovative

strategies

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Caribbean states are a diverse set of countries��The countries can be grouped as commodity exporters, service-based economies (mainly tourism) and financial services�� Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF) Growth in the Caribbean has been flat, except in commodity exporters states ��The last rapid growth spurt in the 1980s was fueled mainly by expansion of tourism, agriculture, and public investments GROWTH HAS BEEN ELUSIVE IN �NONCOMMODITY PRODUCING STATES

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Non-commodity states do not produce exportable products Large islands export products The key is diversification for economic prosperity The big commodity producers are: Jamaica Bahamas Source: Eastern Carribean Currency Union CARRIBEAN ECONOMIC OUTLOOK

Caribbean Economic Outlook Recovery



Presenter

Presentation Notes

The ongoing recovery in tourism appears to have strengthened in 2014, with almost all regional destinations recording increased visitor arrivals, which continues in 2015 GROWTH IN REAL OUTPUT �

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The Carribeans generally rely on US and Canadian tourisits The chart shows growth in 2010 for the Carribean states CHANGE IN TOURIST ARRIVALS

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Caribbean countries with significant growth in tourism #1 – Turks and Caicos Islands #2 – Grenada #3 – Montserrat #4 - Haiti and Cayman Islands #5 - Belize and Aruba #6 - Cuba VISITOR EXPENDITURE

Visitor Expenditures Exit survey results Length of stay



Presenter

Presentation Notes

Visitor Expenditures:��Results from Visitor Exit Surveys (VES) indicate that accommodations account for a significant portion of the money spent by tourists ��- The average length of stay in the region was estimated at 7.3 nights in 2014�- Length of stay is expected to increase in 2015� Source: Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) FUTURE ECONOMIC OUTLOOK

Future economic outlook Decline in fuel cost Increase in arrivals



Presenter

Presentation Notes

Data suggests: �- The cost fuel is expected to decline further which should lead to an increase in the demand for travel��- Tourist arrivals to the Caribbean are cautiously optimistic with a further 4%-5% increase in arrivals expected� �- This is further supported by increasing economic activity in North America and U.K., though tempered by slow economic growth in rest of Europe�� Source: (CTO) FUTURE CHALLENGES

Future challenges The opening of

Cuba



Presenter

Presentation Notes

Impact of U.S. Normalization with Cuba on Tourism in Other Caribbean States Recent developments…��The parent company of Carnival, Princess and eight other cruise brands say they will launch seven-night "people-to-people" tours to Cuba via ship beginning in May 2016, contingent on approval by Cuban authorities. CUBA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Cuba: Challenges and opportunities Political stability and

risk Limited

accommodations Opportunity for small

business Infrastructure



Presenter

Presentation Notes

Cuba had approximately 65,000 lodging rooms in 2013, according to Euromonitor International, to host around three million tourists��The hotel sector is at capacity already �As a result a lot of private homes will need to be turned into B&B’s The biggest winner in lodging in Cuba may turn out to be AirBnB��The company functions as an intermediary between inbound travelers and locals renting existing space��AirBnB has a chance to build lodging capacity long before major chains like Hilton, IHG and Marriot can put shovel to dirt on new developments The authorities are still very cautious about the private sector, limiting access to capital, technology and management know-how.��Cuba is still considered one of the world's worst credit risks and is not a member of any international lending�organization��Cuba's infrastructure is in dismal condition - More than US$400 million is needed to upgrade Havana's century-old waterworks as well as US$1.2 billion for the rest of Cuba CAPITALIZE ON CUBA’S EMERGENCE AS A TOURIST DESTINATION

Capitalize on Cuba’s emergence as a tourist destination Creative travel

packages Pricing options Redirect non-U.S. visitors



Presenter

Presentation Notes

�With the coming wave of tourism to Cuba, the key to survival for the travel industry in other Caribbean countries will be to promote Cuba as one of several multiple destinations in the travel packages of the future ��Source: Hugo Cancio. President and CEO of Fuego Enterprises, Inc. & Founder and Editor and Chief of OnCuba Under a scenario in which U.S. tourists flows into Cuba are unrestricted, the market will need to find a new equilibrium. ��The result will be that Caribbean vacations will be re-priced, based on fundamental costs and new tourism consumption patterns will emerge across all destinations and visitor countries � Source: Rafael Romeu, IMF �As U.S. visitors overwhelm tourism capacity in Cuba, Canadian and European travelers will be redirected to other Caribbean states… OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENTREPRENEURS ECOTOURISM AND BIODIVERSITY��

Opportunities for entrepreneurs ecotourism and biodiversity

Dominica’s successful

ecotourism Costa Rica Belize Source: “The Rainforest Alliance and Sustainable Tourism: Greening the Industry One Step at a Time”



Presenter

Presentation Notes

A niche Tourism Development Model that continues to grow…��Ecotourism to biodiversity hotspots is estimated to be growing at 100% a year, as one of the most rapidly expanding sectors of the travel industry� Source: “The Rainforest Alliance and Sustainable Tourism: Greening the Industry One Step at a Time” Studies on ecotourism in other well-known ecotourism locations - such as Costa Rica, and Belize - have shown that large, foreign-owned establishments have generally dominated the tourism industry Ecotourism in Dominica is important because it has strong government backing and the focus is on local ownership Lack of white sand beaches and insufficient flat land for an international airport limited Dominica’s involvement in traditional tourism��Instead the focus became the island’s natural resources as an asset to tourism development rather than a liability The Dominican Government’s pursuit of a deliberate alternative tourism strategy is reflected in numerous tourism plans and policies that have been commissioned by or on behalf of the Dominican government in order to formulate a national tourism policy DOMINICA’S RESULTS

Dominica’s results Tourist arrival increased Stayover increase by 7% Ecotourist accounts

for 88% of revenue Impact on direct

employment (10.3%)

Source: (CTO)



Presenter

Presentation Notes

The Result:��- Dominica’s share of tourist arrivals to the Caribbean has been growing steadily ��- Stayover tourist arrivals to the island have grown annually by almost 7%��- Eco tourist generate as much as 88% of tourism revenues compared to cruise ship visitors Direct employment in the Dominican tourism industry is estimated to have grown 10.3% with the advent of ecotourism Source: CTO Dominica’s results continued

Dominica’s results - continued

Contributions to GDP = 25% Contributions to foreign

exchange = 30% Expenditure per person in

nature related visits = $883 Source: (CTO)



Presenter

Presentation Notes

The Result - continued��Tourism’s contribution to gross domestic product ranges up to 25% (GDP)��Tourism also generated over 30% of the country’s foreign exchange Expenditures per person were highest for visitors who were coming to Dominica primarily with an interest in nature, with an average of US$883.50 when compared to an average of US$576.90 for those on a general vacation Eco-tourism: pay a premium for fewer people Another factor adding to the potential increased local value of ecotourism is the fact that pre-paid packages are seldom used by visitors ��Four out of five Eco tourists make their own travel arrangements�� Source: CTO ENTREPRENEURSHIP: DOMINICA’S CASE STUDY

Entrepreneurship: Dominica Case Study



Presenter

Presentation Notes

While short-run tourism constraints bind in Cuba, the region would see a period of sustained demand��Results suggest that total Caribbean tourism arrivals will increase by approximately 4%. This slide focuses on the ratio of jobs in Dominica Compares local vs foreign employment in tourism Foreign investors goal: hire the locals�� Source: IMF ENTREPRENEUR---WHAT IS IT?

ENTREPRENEUR…what it is??? Involves starting a business Taking advantage of business

opportunities Willingness to live with risk and uncertainty Not afraid to fail



Presenter

Presentation Notes

It is a way of thinking and acting that generates and supports innovation Individuals who are highly self-motivated One who initiates Focus on results and outcomes The vision and ability to see the future and make things happen Leadership Training Resources

Leadership Training Resources



Presenter

Presentation Notes

Leadership Training Resources CONTINUED

http://www.gstcouncil.org/en/



Presenter

Presentation Notes

Leadership Training Resources CONTINUED

www.indiegogo.com



Presenter

Presentation Notes

CONCLUSION

Conclusion Identify and develop

policy mix Ecotourism marketing Seek and develop

local tourist attraction sites



Presenter

Presentation Notes

Conclusion Each Caribbean state needs to select the appropriate policy mix for its own development requirements –��There is no one size fits all Ecotourism has become everything that mass-market tourism isn’t Rather than massive beachfront hotels, it tends to feature smaller facilities, attractively designed using sustainable local materials Rather than isolating tourists from local communities in all-inclusive resorts, it features engagement with local culture, nature, and communities RECOMMENDATIONS

Recommendation Sustainable tourism

subset of ecotourism Resources



Presenter

Presentation Notes

RECOMMENDATION -��Sustainable tourism (specifically Ecotourism as a narrower subset of sustainable tourism) requires certification which would in-turn create greater consumer demand and NGO funding and shift the industry towards sustainability in the way that forestry and fishery certification programs have��Source: Michael Conroy, Colibrí Consulting – Certification for Sustainable Development FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES��

Funding opportunities for ecotourism https://www.kickstart

er.com/ pages/TEDFellows



Presenter

Presentation Notes

Funding opportunities for ecotourism Private foundations can play a critical role in addressing ecotourism’s full potential Avoid “greenwashing” where the ecotourism experience has little or no environmental or socioeconomic significance The Foundation Center maintains the most comprehensive database on U.S. and, increasingly, global grant makers and their grants — a robust, accessible knowledge bank sector http://foundationcenter.org/ Recent data indicates U.S. grant making foundations reported at least $US 6.4 million in funding for ecotourism and related projects KEY ECOTOURISM PARTNERS AND RESOURCES��

Presenter

Presentation Notes

��KEY ECOTOURISM PARTNERS AND RESOURCES CONTINUED��

Presenter

Presentation Notes

THIS IS THE LAST SLIDE

entrepreneurship and leadership in tourism...entrepreneurship and leadership in tourism leaders...

Documents