1

Environment Canada

K. Hayden

S.M. Li G. Lu P. Makar

J. Liggio A.M. Macdonald W. Gong

10th AMS Workshop, Oct 31-Nov 2, 2009 Toronto, Ontario, Canada

R. Leaitch D. Toom-Sauntry C. Stroud

J. Brook L. Phinney P. Liu

N. Schantz

The application of the AMS for understandingThe application of the AMS for understanding chemical/physical processes in the atmosphere

through measurement field campaigns and laboratory studies.

2

June 2002 – received Q-AMS

July 2002 - C-SOLAS project, Mexican Research vessel El Puma in the sub-arctic NE Pacific ocean

EC’s First AMS

First AMS measurements in a remote-marine environment

Phinney, et al., Deep-Sea Research II, 53, 2410-2433, 2006.

Phinney, et al., Deep-Sea Research II, 53, 2410-2433, 2006.Phinney et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 1-53, 2009.

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Canadian Regional & Urban Investigation System for Environmental Research

EC’s Second AMS – on CRUISER

PI: Jeff Brook/Gang Lu

Feb 2004

Inlet, sheath pipe Inlet, sheath pipe and splitterand splitter

Air is drawn-in through the inlet

WEATHER- 10 m electronically deployed tower

- temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and direction

COMMUNICATIONS- satellite connection- check concentrations over

the internet from the office- unattended operation of

equipment

g

Air is split into two streams toexamine the main gases and

particles in smogAn advanced dataacquisition systemmanages and displaysmeasurements in real time

The air is measured for a variety of pollutants by several instruments:GASES- Ozone (O3)- Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)- Oxidized Nitrogen Compounds

(NO, NO2, NOy)- Carbon Monoxide (CO)- Carbon Dioxide (CO2)- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

PARTICLESSize counts from 0.01 to 30 μmMass (PM2.5)Light scattering (related to visibility)Black Carbon (photoacoustic)Major chemical constituents (AMS)

ADVANCED EQUIPMENTThe Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS)- high time resolution (~5min) information on particle composition and

size (includes sulphate, nitrate, organic matter, ammonium)

The Ionicon Proton-Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS)-high time resolution (~5 min) information on selected VOC

compounds

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Inside CRUISER

QQ--AMSAMS#27#27

• Quick deployment of a comprehensive suite of measurements

Why Mobility of CRUISER ?

measurements• Capture of measurements from source-impacted

locations to specific plumes– Source profiles, source apportionment– Assessment of emissions

• Lagrangian studies and assessment of airmass aging

• Unprecedented insight into small scale variability i i t tt d l bin source impacts, exposure patterns, model sub-grid variability

5

Systematic Mapping of a Ship Plume

Plumes stay in tact for long distances

SEABREEZE

G. Lu et al., Atmos. Environ., 40, 2767-2782, 2006

POSTER AT BACK OF ROOM – Gang Lu et al.

ICARTT Summer 2004

Cloud Study – Q-AMS downstream of a CVI sampling from a NRC Convair580 aircraft

A Unified Regional Air-Quality Modelling System (AURAMS)

First ‘field’ application of EC’s model used in forecasting mode

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Nitrate enriched in the cloud water compared to sulphate

Nitrate in cloud droplet residuals found in smaller sizes compared to sulphate

Aerosol-cloud parcel model supports separation due to process differences: nitrate governed by gas-phase mass transfer; sulphate due to nucleation scavengingg g

Hayden, K.L., et. al. (2008) Cloud processing of nitrate, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 113, D18201, doi:10.1029/2007JD009732.

Lethbridge NH3 Study Sept 2005

Q-AMS on 1) Cessna 207

2) CRUISER

Source: PollutionData Branch, EC

Lethbridge

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Flight#9 (NE) Track 5: Sept 21/05 afternoon

NH3 concentrations N/NE of Lethbridge

3 7

3.8

nh3ppb_rs

10

5

nh

49.65

49.70

49.75

49.80

49.85

49.90

49.95

-112.8-112.6

-112.4-112.2

-112.0

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

30

25

20

15

h3ppb_rs (ppb)

PM Response to NH3(Flight#9 Track 5: Sept 21/05 afternoon)

Transition points/regions (of slopes to fitted curves) used to assess degree of

Environment Canada. 2008. The 2008 Canadian Atmospheric Assessment of Agricultural Ammonia. Gatineau. QC. 306 p

) gPM sensitivity to NH3 changes

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April 2006 - HR-ToF AMS received

April/May 2006 – Whistler peak, BC field study INTEX-B; to characterize aerosol sources and processes at this location.

EC’s Third AMS

Photo courtesy AM Macdonald

Leaitch, et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9, 3523-3546, 2009.

INTEX-B 2006

O/C=0.69

O/C~1.0

Sun, Y., et al. (2008) Size-resolved aerosol chemistry at Whistler Mountain, Canada with a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer during INTEX-B, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3095-3111, 2009.

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INTEX-B 2006

Leaitch, et al. Evidence for Asian dust effects from aerosol plume measurements during INTEX-B 2006 near Whistler, BC, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9, 3523-3546, 2009.

Coarse dust particles during Asian transport accumulates sulphate, nitrate and organic PM in larger particles

June 2007 - Q-AMS upgraded to CToF AMS following loss of electronics in plane crash

June/July 2007 - BAQSMet field study in SW Ontario to examine lake effects on air quality; deployed on

BAQSMet Summer 2007

to examine lake effects on air quality; deployed on Twin Otter aircraft

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inlet lens pressure, 1.29 Torr

Inlet design – John Jayne, Aerodyne

low pressure region, 470 Torr

Identification of lake breeze fronts: June 25/07

12:00 noon Lambton

LSCDetroit-Windsor

LEPelee Island

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Processing differences across regimes: June 25/07Late Afternoon (16:00-17:45 LT)Early Afternoon (11:30-12:45 LT)

OOA/OMOOA/OM

SO42-/(SO4

2-+SO2) SO42-/(SO4

2-+SO2)

separation of air masses due to the lake breezes

LE more regionally aged vs urban-influenced

Whistler ACSM 2009

9

12

μg m

-3)

60

80Carbon PMSulphur PMMid-Stn (1320 m) Temperature

Carbon PM from forest fires

Sulphur PM from volcano in Russia

ACSM at Whistler, B.C.

3

6

PM m

ass

conc

entra

tion

( μ

20

40

Tem

pera

ture

(o C)

Carbon PM from tree gases (controlled by valley temperature)

Sulphur PM from volcano in Russiaor Asian pollution?

016-Jul 21-Jul 26-Jul 31-Jul 05-Aug 10-Aug 15-Aug 20-Aug 25-Aug 30-Aug

Date

0

Slide/data: R. Leaitch

Aug 17 – volcano eruption

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J. Liggio, S.M.Li and R. McLaren, Heterogeneous Reactions of Glyoxal on Particulate Matter: Identification of Acetals and Sulfate Esters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1532 1541 2005

Laboratory Studies

1532-1541, 2005

-significant reactive uptake to PM-formation of oligomers

J.Liggio, S.M. Li and R. McLaren, Reactive uptake of glyoxal by particulate matter J Geophys Res 110glyoxal by particulate matter, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10304, doi:10.1029/2004JD005113, 2005

-heterogeneous loss as important as gas phase loss mechanisms

J. Liggio and S.M. Li

Uptake of ambient organic gaseous mixtures to laboratory generated aerosols

• Organics normalized by SO4 to account for wall losses• Organics in aerosols increase slowly over time• Possible reactive uptake

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• Laboratory chamber studies - uptake and reaction mechanisms of VOCs and SVOCs on aerosols

• Laboratory studies on chemical and physical evolution of i ti l f t ti i i i

Future Studies

primary particles from automotive engine emissions (ETC, Ottawa)

• Laboratory flow tube studies – chemical processes in aerosol formation (York University)

• W-ToF AMS to CalNex, California, Summer 2010 (along with SP2 and PTR-ToF) (Aerodyne)

• AMS to Darwin Australia for High IWC Study project• AMS to Darwin, Australia for High-IWC Study project (aircraft and ground-based) Jan-Mar 2011

• AMS to Whistler, BC, Spring/Summer 2010 – cloud study