environmental audit of abilene christian university

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5-2019

Environmental Audit of Abilene ChristianUniversity DormitoriesKaitlyn Alexandria Saucedo

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ABSTRACT

As an environmental advocate, the biggest challenge to sustainability is changing human behavior.

Because students pay a set fee for room and board, the tragedy of the commons tends to occur. I

examined the water and energy consumption profiles on a per student basis at Abilene Christian

University dormitories. After learning about Abilene Christian University operations and compiling

data on the usage of water and energy of each individual dorm and resident occupancy within each

dorm, student consumption of resources was calculated. These student consumption rates were then

compared dorm to dorm to analyze efficiency and usage over a half-decade period; since the

establishment of Cenergistic at Abilene Christian University in Spring 2013 until the Fall of 2018.

After trends were examined, preliminary recommendations were made on how to influence student

behavior within the dorms.

Environmental Audit of

Abilene Christian University

Dormitories

April 12, 2019

Kaitlyn Saucedo

Audit Key Steps

Idea formulated and passion instilled, in ENVR 320.01: Energy

Resources, under the encouragement of Dr. Jim Cooke

November 2017

Honors Project Thesis Prospectus approved December 2018

Interview with James Parker in Cenergistic January 2019

Data complied and analyzed March 2019

Thesis presented in Undergraduate Research Festival April 2019

Final report completed April 2019

Report presented to the Thesis Committee April 2019

Thesis approved by the Honors College May 2019

Prepared by the Kaitlyn Saucedo and her Thesis Committee Acknowledgments I, Kaitlyn Saucedo, would like to thank my wonderful Thesis Committee, comprised of Dr. Jim Carpenter, Dr. Brad Rix, Dr. Sarah Easter, and Dr. Tim Kennedy, under the supervision of the Honors College and the direction of Dr. Jim Cooke. Thank you for your patience, encouragement, insight, and guidance. I am blessed to have you on my team. This audit was completed in loving memory of Dr. Jim Cooke. Original signed by ____________________ Kaitlyn Saucedo Chief Audit Executive

Abilene Christian Univeristy i

Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 5

Objectives.................................................................................................................. 5 Context ...................................................................................................................... 5

FINDINGS .....................................................................................................................10 Residential Numbers ...............................................................................................10 Energy Consumption ...............................................................................................11

Results ..................................................................................................................11 Analysis ................................................................................................................17 Analysis ................................................................................................................21 Water Usage Analysis ..........................................................................................24

RECOMENDATIONS ....................................................................................................25 Five Beginning Ideas Towards Sustainability ....................................................25

CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................................30 Annex 1 Table of Contents .........................................................................................32

Audit of ACU Dormitories

Abilene Christian University 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Context

In accordance with ACU’s mission to “educate students for Christian service and leadership

throughout out the world” and their promise to provide a “vibrant, innovative, Christ-centered

community that engages students in authentic spiritual and intellectual growth, equipping

them to make a real difference in the world,” this audit was conducted.

The purpose of this environmental audit was to analyze the current energy and water

consumption of the Abilene Christian University (ACU) Dormitories from 2013 to 2018. As a

student at a Christian university, I believe we have a duty to be stewards of the resources

God has given us. Having been a resident in Nelson Hall in 2015 and A.B. Morris Hall in

2017, I am aware of student habits regarding resource consumption. In order to fulfill ACU’s

promise to equip students to be difference makers, I believe it is essential to educate the

student body of their personal impacts and consumption habits. With this in mind, the

specific objective of the audit was to evaluate the student consumption rates per resident in

each of the eleven dorms over the course of five years, and to analyze which dorms

consume the most resources.

During the initial planning of the audit, I had considered examining the entirety of the

campus, however, after realizing that was an overly advantageous idea, I condensed it

to an environmental audit of solely the dormitories over a half-decade, from the time

Cenergistic began partnering with ACU in 2013 to the past year, 2018 (J. Parker,

personal communication, March 4, 2019). The audit focused on energy and water



consumption, not carbon. This was decided based on the timeframe of the project and

the accessibility of the data.

The methodology used included a review and analysis of the energy and water

consumption documentation, interviews with Cenergistic Energy Specialist, Mr. James

Parker, and email interviews with the Director of Planning and Finance, Mr. Scott

Duncan.

Statement of Assurance

This audit has been conducted in accordance with the Honors College.

The conclusions are based on a comparison of the kilowatt hours and kilogallons per

resident per month over the years 2013 to 2018.

Summary of Findings

The main findings of the environmental audit show that the dorms A.B. Morris, Dillard,

McDonald, and Smith-Adams consume the greatest amount of energy of the eleven

dorms, while Edwards, Sikes, and Smith-Adams consume the greatest amount of water.

A.B. Morris, Dillard, McDonald, and Smith-Adams, on average, consume 387 kilowatt

hours per resident per month over the five-year period. The other seven dorms

consumed on average 177.3 kilowatt hours per resident per month over the five-year



period. The eleven dorms altogether, on average, consume 253.55 kilowatt hours per

resident per month over the five-year period.

Edwards, Sikes, and Smith-Adams, on average consume 1.618 kilogallons per resident

per month over the five-year period. A.B. Morris, Barret, and Nelson, on average,

consume 1.251 kilogallons per resident per month over the five-year period. The six

dorms altogether, on average, consume 1.435 kilogallons per resident per month over

the five-year period.

After compiling the data and examining the results, I began to formulate ways in which

we could possibly decrease consumption. Because our heating and cooling is already

controlled and monitored by Cenergsitic, I knew the biggest variable impacting

consumption rates would be student behavior. After talking with Mr. James Parker and

fellow students, the following are five preliminary recommendations to help facilitate a

culture of sustainability on the Abilene Christian University Campus and lower energy

and water consumption rates in the dormitories:

1. Establish an Office of Sustainability

2. Recruit the Residence Hall Directors and Resident Assistants to be supporters of

the Office of Sustainability and advocates of sustainability

3. Educate the student body of practical ways of reducing resource consumption

within the dorms through a “sustainability meeting” during Wildcat week, and visual

reminders, posters, and flyers around the dorms



4. Sixty percent of the amount of money saved from a decreased consumption should

go to a local charity, which would chosen by the students and presented in their

name

5. Forty percent of the amount of money saved from a decreased consumption

should be reallocated into a fund to improve the efficiency of the current dorms and

support the Office of Sustainability



INTRODUCTION

Objectives

The purpose of this environmental audit was to analyze the current energy and water

consumption of the Abilene Christian University (ACU) Dormitories from 2013 to 2018.

The audit objectives were to assess:

• which dorms are producing the greatest amount of energy per resident

• which dorms are producing the greatest amount of water per resident

• whether there was a consistent consumption of resources from all the dorms or

if there were outliers that consumed significantly greater resources

• formulate possible solutions to decreasing consumption rates on a student level

Context

In 1906, Childer’s Classical Institute was founded, later being renamed as Abilene

Christian College. In 1929, the campus was moved to its current location and later in

1976 renamed as Abilene Christian University. Original campus housing included Daisy

Hall, Gray Cottage, McDonald Hall, White Cottage, Yellow Cottage, and Zellner Hall.

Currently, in Spring of 2019, we have eleven dorms in use: A.B. Morris, Barret, Dillard,

Edwards, Gardner, Mabee, McDonald, McKinzie, Nelson, Sikes, and Smith-Adams Hall.

As of Fall of 2019, McKinzie and McDonald Hall will no longer be in use. Former

residences include Adams Home Management House (1956-1990), Athletic Dormitory,

Barracks Nos. 1-15, Baxter Hall (1953-195?), Chambers Hall (1929-1972), Faculty

Cottages Nos. 1-13, Hutments Nos. 1-25, Julia Hall (1945-Unknown), Sherrod



Residential Park (1974-2011), Trailers Nos. 1-50, and Zellner Hall (1929-1979) (S.

Duncan, personal communication, March 19, 2019).

.

Table 1. Current ACU dormitory history

Hall Construction Renovations Heating and Cooling

A. B. Morris

1975 1994 – Major Renovation (converting two dorm room into two room apartments)

Always window units

Barret 2005 - Always Central Plant

Dillard 1986 2015 – Purchased by ACU, Built as a retirement center, Christian Village

Always residential units

Edwards 1955 1991 – Major Renovation (interior gutted and rebuilt)

Originally self-contained boiler for heat and chiller for cooling; Unknown – Changed to Central Plant

Gardner 1960 - Originally self-contained boiler for heat and chiller for cooling; Unknown - Changed to Central Plant

Mabee 1953 1976- Air conditioned and carpet installed 1992 – Minor renovation

Originally steam heat; Unknown – Changed to Central Plant

McDonald 1929 1979 – Minor renovation

Originally open-flame gas heaters in each room; 1946 - Changed to steam heat; Unknown - Window air conditioners units added; Unknown – Steam heat removed; window units changed to provide heat

McKinzie 1947 1986 – Major renovation (suite bathrooms removed) 1991 – Minor renovation

Originally steam heat; Unknown – Changed to Central Plant

Nelson 1955 - Originally self-contained boiler for heat and chiller for cooling; Unknown – Changed to Central Plant

Sikes 1977 2008 – Major renovation (exterior of building bricked)

Originally window units; Unknown – Changed to Central Plant

Smith-Adams

1978 - Always window units

Source: Mr. Scott Duncan, personal communication, 3/19/19



As shown in Table 1., the earliest constructed dormitory was in 1929 and the newest in

2005. Of the eleven dorms, seven are run on a central plant for heating and cooling,

while three are run on window units (A.B. Morris, McDonald, Smith Adams), and one

dormitory is run on residential units (Dillard). Of the eleven dorms, six use individual

water meters, while five use shared water meters. Shared water meters imply that the

dormitory shares a meter with classrooms and other facilities. A reading of a shared

meter would not differentiate the amount of kilogallons used by the individual dorm. For

the purpose of this Environmental Audit, only dorms with individual meters were

analyzed: A.B. Morris, Barret, Edwards, Nelson, Sikes, and Smith-Adams Hall.

Figure 1. History of Abilene Christian Dorm Facilities Created on 3/22/2019 by Kaitlyn Saucedo Figure 1. gives a visual history of the dormitories. The current dorm facilities are

represented in larger text, while the smaller represent dorms that are no longer in use.



Methodology

In order to meet its objectives, this environmental audit examined relevant

documentation interviews to analyze student consumption within the dormitories.

Review of the Documentation

Resources, mainly energy, are largely governed by Cenergistic, a Christian company

ACU has hired to monitor their consumption rates. Documentation was provided by Mr.

James Parker in the form of Energy Profiles and Water Profiles of each dorm (personal

communication, March 4, 2019). Residency numbers were provided in a table from Mr.

Scott Duncan (personal communication, March 19, 2019). The Table 2: Residency

Numbers from 2013-2018 and Profiles that were examined during the audit are attached

in Annex 1.

Interviews

Interviews with specialist Mr. James Parker from Cenergistic were conducted

periodically from December 2018 to March 2019 regarding the function of Cenergistic,

fluctuations in energy numbers, and set up of the ACU dormitories. Mr. Scott Duncan

was also interviewed, by email, regarding the history and residency of the dorms.



Data Analysis

With the provided data, the kilowatt per hour and the kilogallon per resident per month

were calculated and graphed for each of the dorms studied from 2013 to 2018. Note that

energy consumption analyzed eleven dorms, while water consumption analyzed six

dorms. Averages from these consumption rates per resident were then calculated and

graphed. Trends were assessed based on the consumption level averages per resident

for each dorm.



FINDINGS

Residential Numbers

Figure 2 displays the resident occupancy from spring semester to fall semester in a

given year. As shown below in Figure 2, the dorms that consistently had the greatest

residency numbers were Gardner and Mabee Hall. The dorms that had the lowest

residency numbers were A.B. Morris and McDonald, while Nelson and Smith-Adams. Of

all the dormitories, McKinzie and Smith-Adams had the most fluctuant residency

occupancy.

Figure 2.1 Resident Occupancy from 2013-2018 in Abilene Christian University Dorms **The original quantitative values for each individual dorm can be found in Table 2:

Residential Occupancy, in Annex 1.



Energy Consumption

Results

The following are graphs displaying the kilowatt hour per resident per month from 2013

to 2018. As shown in Figure 2.2, there is a gap in the month of June and July. These

months are times when athletics and camps use dorm facilities in the summer months.

For the sake of this audit, only the Fall and Spring semesters were examined, excluding

June and July. The below graphs are representative of the current eleven dorms in use.

A.B. Morris Hall, McDonald Hall, and Smith-Adams Hall have window units for heating

and cooling, while Dillard Hall has residential units. The other seven dorms run off the

Central Plant for heating and cooling.

Figure 2.2 A.B. Morris Resident Energy Usage from 2013-2018



Figure 2.3 Barret Hall Resident Energy Usage from 2013-2018

Figure 2.4 Dillard Hall Resident Energy Usage from 2013-2018



Figure 2.5 Edwards Hall Resident Energy Usage from 2013-2018

Figure 2.6 Gardner Hall Resident Energy Usage from 2013-2018



Figure 2.7 Mabee Hall Resident Energy Usage from 2013-2018

Figure 2.8 McDonald Hall Resident Energy Usage from 2013-2018



Figure 2.9 McKinzie Resident Energy Usage from 2013-2018

Figure 2.10 Nelson Hall Resident Energy Usage from 2013-2018



Figure 2.11 Sikes Hall Resident Energy Usage from 2013-2018

Figure 2.12 Smith-Adams Resident Energy Usage from 2013-2018



Analysis

The dorms that had the most consistent kilowatt hour per resident trends were Barret,

Edwards, Gardner, Mabee, Nelson Hall, and Sikes Hall. Of those six dorms, none

exceeded 235 kWh per resident. The general trend for the six dorms were to have

spikes of energy consumption in February, April, September, and November. The dorms

with the most erratic trends were Dillard, McDonald, Morris, and Smith-Adams Hall.

Figure 2.9 shows McKinzie Hall which had a trend of less than 300 kWh per resident,

however, showed exceedingly high trends in the Spring of 2013 and Fall of 2018. This is

most likely do their extremely low residency numbers—73 residents in Spring 2013 and

63 residents in Fall 2018. Aside from those semesters, the dorm on average, houses

115 residents per semester.

The following are the highest kWh per resident values for each dorm: A.B. Morris Hall

769 kWh (2018), Barret Hall 235 kWh (2013), Edwards Hall 244 kWh (2018), Gardner

Hall 163 kWh (2013), Dillard Hall 539 kWh (2016), Mabee Hall 198 kWh (2014),

McDonald Hall 198 kWh (2014), McKinzie Hall kWh 364, Nelson Hall 216 kWh (2018),

Sikes Hall 230 kWh (2014), and Smith-Adams 821 kWh (2015).

Of these eleven dorms, five consumed the greatest amount of energy in September

(Barret, Gardner, Dillard, Edwards, and Sikes Hall), while three consumed the greatest

amount in February (Mabee, McDonald, and McKinzie Hall), two dorms in January (A.B.

Morris and Smith-Adams), and one dorm in April (Nelson).Three dorms consumed the

highest amount of energy in 2013, three consumed the highest in 2014, one consumed

the most in 2015, and three consumed the most in 2018.



Of the four highest energy consuming dorms none consumed the most energy in the

same year; McDonald (2014), Smith-Adams (2015), Dillard (2016), and A.B. Morris

(2018). The highest energy consumers all run off individual heating and cooling units

and are the only dorms that have not been renovated to be run off the Central Plant.

Water Consumption

Results

The following are graphs displaying kilogallons per resident per month from 2013 to

2018. As shown in Figure 2.13, there is a gap in the month of June and July. These

months are times when athletics and camps use dorm facilities in the summer months.

For the sake of this Audit, only the Fall and Spring semesters were examined, excluding

June and July. The below graphs are representative of the current six dorms that use

individual water meters. The other five dorms use shared meters with classrooms and

other facilities and were not included in this audit.

Figure 2.13 A.B. Morris Hall Resident Energy Usage from 2013-2018



Figure 2.14 Barret Hall Resident Energy Water from 2013-2018

Figure 2.15 Edwards Hall Resident Water Usage from 2013-2018



Figure 2.16 Nelson Hall Resident Water Usage from 2013-2018

Figure 2.17 Sikes Hall Resident Water Usage from 2013-2018



Figure 2.18 Smith-Adams Hall Resident Water Usage from 2013-2018

Analysis

The only dorm with a consistent water consumption rate was that of Nelson Hall, which

happened to have the lowest water consumption rate. Over the five years, spikes in

consumption occurred in the months of February, April, September, and November, the

highest rates occurring in the month of April. The other five dorms have less consistent

trends. Edwards Hall and Smith-Adams Hall have a general consumption trend in the

Fall that spikes in September and November.

The following are the highest kilogallon per resident values for each dorm: A.B. Morris

Hall 3.206 kgal (2017), Barret Hall 2.867 kgal (2015), Edwards Hall 3.028 kgal (2014),

Sikes Hall 5.105 kgal (2015), and Smith-Adams 3.586 (2018). Only the dorms A.B.

Morris and Nelson Hall consume the greatest amount of water in the same year; 2017.

The only dorms that consumed the highest water in the same month (April) were Nelson

Hall and Smith-Adams Hall. The other dorms consumed the highest amount of water in

the months of September, October, November, and February.



Averages

Results

Figure 2.19 The Average Energy Consumption Per Resident Per Dorm from 2013-2018

Figure 2.20 The Average Resident Occupancy from 2013-2018



Figure 2.21 The Average Water Consumption Per Resident Per Dorm from 2013-

2018

Figure 2.20 The Average Resident Occupancy from 2013-2018

Energy Usage Analysis



Figure 2.19 displays the average kWh per resident per month from 2013-2018. Figure

2.20 displays the average number of residents per month per dorm from 2013-2018.

When energy usage is compared to resident occupancy per year per dorm, the

efficiency of the dorm may be examined by how it performs with X number of residents.

For example, Gardner and Mabee have low consumption rates while having a high

resident occupancy. Inversely, A.B. Morris, Dillard, McDonald, and Smith-Adams Hall

have the highest energy usages, A.B. Morris Hall and McDonald Hall have the lowest

residency and Dillard and Smith-Adams have medium residency compared to the other

eleven dorms. These four dorms are the dorms that are run on individual units. All four

dorms use, on average, over 350 kWh per resident per month per dorm. While Gardner

and Mabee use 200 kWh less.

Water Usage Analysis

There are six dorms that are run off individual meters. The others are shared water

meters with other facilities and classrooms on campus. For the purpose of the audit only

individual meters were examined. Dorms that had low water usage and a high residency

occupancy included Edwards and Nelson, while A.B. Morris Hall had high water

consumption and low residency occupancy. Smith-Adams had the second highest water

consumption and second lowest resident occupancy.



RECOMENDATIONS

Five Beginning Ideas Towards Sustainability

The following are suggested steps to enable student behavioral changes within the

dorms and potentially decrease resource consumption rates. These ideas are a

reflection of the conversations I have had with Mr. James Parker as well as fellow

students. When I began thinking about how we, as a university, could lower energy and

water consumption in the dorms, I came up with several options. We could demolish the

dorms that are not as efficient as the others. We could choose to not house students in

the inefficient dorms. We could spend millions of dollars on updating the dorms that are

run on individual units to be added to the Central Plant. Or, we could encourage

students to simply turn off the light. It is my belief, that if we were to empower students to

enact change, change will happen. The following are my theorized practical steps that

will lead to the empowerment of student behavioral change in the dorms and create a

culture of sustainability on the campus.

1. Establish an Office of Sustainability

Background

From the time I have been a student on campus, I have noticed a lack of consistency

regarding sustainable programs and initiatives. Often programs will be student run.

When those students graduate, there is a lack of leadership to keep up with the

initiatives. Recycling on campus is an excellent example of this. There have been many

initiatives before Wildcats for Sustainability to try and encourage recycling on campus

that ended up falling through the cracks years later. By having an Office of Sustainability,



there would be a face to these sustainable initiatives that would withstand time,

embodying sustainability itself, and demonstrating the values of the university.

As an embodiment of sustainability on campus, it is necessary to define the mission for

the Office of Sustainability, as well as have a logo that reminds the community what we

stand for. Below I have proposed these items as preliminary suggestions for the Office of

Sustainability. These could also be used for the ACU website under the “Sustainability”

tab which is already in place.

Mission Statement

To be stewards of God’s creation, promoting a culture of sustainability through education

and action, and empowering students to be difference makers.

Created by Kaitlyn Saucedo, 4/5/2019

Oἰκονόμος (oy-kon-om'-os) is the Greek word for “stewardship,” in the sense that God is

the owner of all creation and we are the managers of His estate (Biblehub, March 2019).

Oἰκονόμος is used in Luke 12:42 when Jesus is relaying a message to be ready for the

Lord’s coming and gives a parable of a servant taking care of his master’s household

(The Holy Bible, 2007). This calling to Creation Care is a theme that begins in Genesis

and is evident throughout the Bible. Christian stewardship and sustainability were made

to be intertwined. As a student of a Christian university, it is my belief that the actions of

the students, faculty, and administration should reflect that of a “good manager.” How we

treat what God has provided us says a lot about our gratitude for our Creator. We are



called to be difference makers. By establishing an Office of Sustainability, we are

showing our community that we value Christian stewardship and would be allowing

students to see this support from an administration level. The Office of Sustainability

would oversee all the sustainable initiatives on campus, keeping record of efforts made,

documenting consumption rates of each dorm and facility, and providing these numbers

to the public to be transparent and accountable for our consumption rates, possibly on

added as a tab on the ACU website.

The Logo

The base of the design is that of a Triquetra representing the Trinity. The circle

encapsulating the world represents the unity of Christ. In the Jewish culture, one is

representative of God/divinity, symbolized in the white dot, demonstrating the majesty of

God. Three is representative of heaven, symbolized with the three purple dots

demonstrating the royalty of Christ. Four is representative of earth, shown by the four

green dots. Seven is representative of the totality of heaven and earth, symbolized with

the three purple dots and four green dots. Eight is representative of Jesus/completion,

symbolized by the white dot, three purple dots, and four green dots.

Created by Kaitlyn Saucedo, 3/23/2019



2. Resident Director and Assistance Support

If we are to encourage students to decrease their consumptions rates, then we need the

support of the residence halls. By having passionate Resident Directors that align with

the mission of the Office of Sustainability, the Directors could enable the Resident

Assistants to encourage students to make behavioral changes. It would be of importance

to have training for the Resident Assistants on ways to encourage students to remember

to turn off the lights and limit the amount of excessively long showers taken, etc., as well

as why they and students should care at all about sustainable practices and how they tie

into Christian stewardship.

3. Education

Educating students about what sustainability is and giving them practical ways to live

sustainably is essential. Infographics, posters, reminders, and flyers throughout the

dorms are necessary visuals to enact change. During Wildcat Week, one meeting should

be designated towards introducing incoming freshman to the Office of Sustainability,

what they do, their mission, and why we should participate on a student basis.

4. Give Back

At the beginning of a freshman class’s year (e.g., class of 2019), consumption rates

should be recorded by the Office of Sustainability per month over two years (the time

students are required to be in the dorms) for each said class. 2018 will be the baseline of

comparison. At the end of two years, the data collected will be compared to the 2018

consumption rates. Based off how much money was saved from those two years, sixty

percent will be donated to a local charity, of the student’s choice and in the name of the



students in said class. Ex: if $10,000 were saved, then $6,000 would be donated to a

local charity to support those that cannot afford utilities.

5. Improve Efficiency

With the other forty percent saved, the money will go into an Efficiency Fund overseen

by the Office of Sustainability. The Efficiency Fund will cover the cost of updates and

repairs in the dorms to make the buildings more efficient. Ex: Switching hall lights to a

motion censored lighting so that they will not be on 24/7 consuming energy when the

lights are not needed.

Follow-up Research

As stated in the introduction to the five steps, these are not suggestions that have

qualitative data to back them up, yet. These are suggestions from a student’s point of

view of what would entice and empower other students to make behavioral changes.

The most important aspect, in my opinion, would be establishing an Office of

Sustainability. I am aware that this is a big commitment as a university; however, I

believe it is essential if we are to demonstrate and sustain that we are God’s stewards.

Qualitative interviews with students and staff should be taken and assessed to see their

thoughts on this five-step plan.



CONCLUSION

When examining both energy and water consumption Smith-Adams consumed the

highest amount of energy (on average 387 kWh) and second highest water

consumption rate (on average 1.632 per resident). The dorms that consumed the most

energy were A.B. Morris, Dillard, McDonald, and Smith-Adams Hall, accounting for an

average of 694 kWh per resident between the four dorms. These are the dorms that

have not been renovated and are not on the Central Plant. Regardless of year built, the

dorms that have had renovations, and are now on the Central Plant, consume

significantly less energy that the dorms run on individual units. The lowest energy

consuming dorms were that of Gardner, Mabee, and Nelson, accounting for an average

of 192 kWh per resident.

The highest water consuming dorms are Sikes and Smith-Adams Hall, consuming an

average together of 4.346 kgal per resident. The lowest consuming dorms were Nelson

and Barret Hall, consuming an average of 2.403 kgal per resident. There was no

evident correlation between highest consuming year and water rates per resident.

There is no correlation between the highest consuming dorms, regarding year, for

energy or water rates. Both energy and water rates exhibited a spike in consumption

during the months of February, April, September, and November.

The dorms that should be focused are A.B. Morris, Dillard, McDonald, and Smith-

Adams Hall regarding energy consumption, and Sikes and Smith-Adams Hall regarding

energy consumption.


Abilene Christian Univeristy i

Works Cited

Biblehub (March 6, 2019). 3623 oikonomos. Retrieved from

https://biblehub.com/str/greek/3623.htm

The Holy Bible, New International Version. (2007). Zondervan. Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Press.

https://biblehub.com/str/greek/3623.htm


Abilene Christian Univeristy ii

Annex 1 Table of Contents

• Table 2: Residential Occupancy, source: Mr. Scott Duncan, 3/19/2019

• Energy Profiles, source: Mr. James Parker, 3/4/2019

• Water Profiles, source: Mr. James Parker, 3/4/2019


Abilene Christian Univeristy ii

Table 2.1 Resident Occupancy from 2013-2018 in ACU Dormitories

Hall Spring

2013

Fall 2013 Spring

2014

Fall 2014 Spring

2015

Fall 2015

A. B. Morris 78 89 75 99 85 91

Barret 148 159 142 166 136 165

Dillard - - - - - -

Edwards 161 224 204 214 197 221

Gardner 286 321 301 315 309 321

Mabee 245 264 235 270 260 278

McDonald 51 88 76 81 74 79

McKinzie 73 131 117 127 115 104

Nelson 160 188 175 180 168 180

Sikes 153 179 153 179 163 175

Smith-Adams 102 158 143 103 189 189

Table 2.2 Resident Occupancy from 2013-2018 in ACU Dormitories (Continuation)

Hall Spring 2016 Fall 2016 Spring 2017 Fall 2017 Spring 2018 Fall 2018

A. B. Morris 80 61 54 63 57 60

Barret 147 157 153 149 145 147

Dillard - 177 163 169 155 167

Edwards 209 203 180 202 179 182

Gardner 301 306 292 271 250 281

Mabee 256 280 256 248 227 246

McDonald 71 52 49 50 44 -0-

McKinzie 102 132 114 113 97 63

Nelson 170 146 131 131 120 156

Sikes 163 164 140 160 147 162

Place Energy Profile AN - 02


Place: [MOR] A.B. Morris Hall

Abilene, TX, 79601

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

20132014

2015

2016

20172018

Use

Place Energy ProfileUse in Kgal

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Totals

2013 38 135 54 107 85 17 25 24 59 187 126 7 864

2014 112 109 73 111 92 72 31 31 148 136 141 105 1,161

2015 123 77 94 104 73 15 14 24 131 118 120 58 951

2016 52 125 146 142 87 48 42 50 105 112 122 81 1,112

2017 77 92 81 155 114 73 105 85 154 185 202 121 1,444

2018 49 75 36 128 132 78 3 9 61 78 131 124 904

Totals 451 613 484 747 583 303 220 223 658 816 842 496 6,436

Year

Requested by: jparker

Client Version:

Report version:11

Filters: Commodity Code Equals WATERSEWER; Account Name Equals A. B. Morris Hall; Billing Period Between Jan 2013 and Dec 2018; First Month (1-12) Equals 1

Page 1 of 13/4/2019 12:35:14PM



Place: [BRT] Barrett Hall

Abilene, TX, 79601

0

100

200

300

400

500


20132014

2015

2016

20172018

Use



2013 207 338 345 326 0 58 44 174 223 111 176 156 2,158

2014 255 241 28 158 22 42 32 185 147 392 291 78 1,871

2015 198 97 157 128 45 46 25 333 473 461 325 55 2,343

2016 217 263 271 170 18 16 36 184 185 218 132 91 1,801

2017 177 179 154 179 39 22 13 117 127 259 172 100 1,538

2018 105 241 404 184 95 164 81 152 214 161 119 0 1,920

Totals 1,159 1,359 1,359 1,145 219 348 231 1,145 1,369 1,602 1,215 480 11,631

Year


Client Version:

Report version:11

Filters: Commodity Code Equals WATERSEWER; Account Name Equals Barret Hall; Billing Period Between Jan 2013 and Dec 2018; First Month (1-12) Equals 1

Page 1 of 13/4/2019 12:37:52PM



Place: [EDW] Edwards Hall

Abilene, TX, 79601

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700


20132014

2015

2016

20172018

Use



2013 93 309 183 284 210 168 136 0 391 441 407 229 2,851

2014 127 405 263 247 266 9 6 34 449 648 429 224 3,107

2015 327 320 139 282 192 67 401 130 462 446 484 383 3,633

2016 11 562 316 386 225 367 61 68 398 450 465 145 3,454

2017 147 306 345 318 245 8 9 35 362 429 357 271 2,832

2018 101 358 380 430 183 73 77 127 190 250 511 202 2,882

Totals 806 2,260 1,626 1,947 1,321 692 690 394 2,252 2,664 2,653 1,454 18,759

Year


Client Version:

Report version:11

Filters: Commodity Code Equals WATERSEWER; Account Name Equals Edwards Hall; Billing Period Between Jan 2013 and Dec 2018; First Month (1-12) Equals 1

Page 1 of 13/4/2019 12:36:32PM



Place: [NEL] Nelson Hall

Abilene, TX, 79601

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350


20132014

2015

2016

20172018

Use



2013 82 274 158 249 191 12 4 35 308 313 315 176 2,117

2014 90 303 142 334 211 24 55 41 286 293 308 164 2,251

2015 105 295 193 230 159 55 141 33 309 290 289 128 2,227

2016 144 268 179 265 130 9 4 62 234 213 222 107 1,837

2017 84 186 192 254 153 26 47 9 191 206 174 130 1,652

2018 50 167 127 168 114 7 12 20 179 223 203 233 1,503

Totals 555 1,493 991 1,500 958 133 263 200 1,507 1,538 1,511 938 11,587

Year


Client Version:

Report version:11

Filters: Commodity Code Equals WATERSEWER; Account Name Equals Nelson Hall; Billing Period Between Jan 2013 and Dec 2018; First Month (1-12) Equals 1

Page 1 of 13/4/2019 12:40:45PM



Place: [SIK] Sikes Hall

Abilene, TX, 79601

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800


20132014

2015

2016

20172018

Use



2013 419 781 480 584 468 365 324 0 64 739 356 174 4,754

2014 155 281 179 253 155 41 43 28 244 249 237 220 2,085

2015 229 82 176 201 0 48 72 38 462 547 634 478 2,967

2016 253 252 305 383 267 18 54 88 379 412 364 201 2,976

2017 144 304 245 578 532 64 5 21 261 282 324 253 3,013

2018 79 326 264 259 169 35 22 28 105 511 232 188 2,218

Totals 1,279 2,026 1,649 2,258 1,591 571 520 203 1,515 2,740 2,147 1,514 18,013

Year


Client Version:

Report version:11

Filters: Commodity Code Equals WATERSEWER; Account Name Equals Sikes Hall; Billing Period Between Jan 2013 and Dec 2018; First Month (1-12) Equals 1

Page 1 of 13/4/2019 12:42:54PM



Place: [SMH] Smith-Adams Hall

Abilene, TX, 79601

0

100

200

300

400

500


20132014

2015

2016

20172018

Use



2013 167 186 108 257 214 42 87 99 407 449 456 294 2,766

2014 169 435 289 275 234 88 21 24 156 181 190 109 2,171

2015 81 249 227 175 103 23 30 84 340 338 378 174 2,202

2016 110 288 198 384 208 33 17 59 249 243 252 125 2,166

2017 93 213 164 266 280 41 46 53 216 256 237 271 2,136

2018 114 408 357 477 299 89 40 87 230 188 171 115 2,575

Totals 734 1,779 1,343 1,834 1,338 316 241 406 1,598 1,655 1,684 1,088 14,016

Year


Client Version:

Report version:11

Filters: Commodity Code Equals WATERSEWER; Account Name Equals Smith-Adams Hall; Billing Period Between Jan 2013 and Dec 2018; First Month (1-12) Equals 1

Page 1 of 13/4/2019 12:41:55PM

Honors Project Thesis Author Permission Statement Abilene Christian University

Title of Project Thesis: Name of Author: Major and Degree (e.g. BS, BA, BFA, BBA, etc): Honors Project Theses are included in the ACU Digital Commons and can be accessed electronically by the worldwide community. Please print and sign your name below in the appropriate blanks, and choose the appropriate embargo time period if you would like to delay the accessibility of your Honors Project Thesis. Skip to Section II if you wish to deny ACU the right to include your Project Thesis in the ACU Archives at any time. SECTION I. Inclusion in the ACU Archives I, ___________________________, grant to the Abilene Christian University Archives the nonexclusive license to archive and provide electronic access to my Project Thesis in whole or in part in all forms of media in perpetuity. I understand that my work, in addition to its bibliographic record and abstract, will be available to the worldwide community of scholars and researchers throughout the ACU Archives according to the schedule of my choosing. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the Project Thesis, I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this Project Thesis. I am aware that Abilene Christian University does not require registration of copyright for electronic Project Theses. Select and initial ONE of the following options: _____ Please include my Honors Project Thesis in the ACU Archives IMMEDIATELY. _____ Please place an embargo period of ONE YEAR on my Honors Project Thesis. _____ Please place an embargo period of EIGHTEEN MONTHS on my Honors Project Thesis. _____ Please place an embargo period of TWO YEARS on my Honors Project Thesis. _____ Please place an embargo period of THREE YEARS on my Honors Project Thesis. SECTION II. Exclusion from the ACU Archives I, ___________________________, deny the Abilene Christian University Archives any right to archive or provide electronic access to my Project Thesis in whole or in part in all forms of media in perpetuity at any time. SECTION III. Final Signatures I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached written permission statements from the owners of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my Project Thesis. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my committee. Signature of Author: __________________________________ Date: ________________ As the Project Thesis committee chair, I certify that I am aware and supportive of the student’s chosen schedule for inclusion in the ACU Archives. Signature of Committee Chair: __________________________ Date: ________________

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