environmental impact assessment (eia) of siddhirganj - …€¦ · mohammad ismail hossain, manager...
TRANSCRIPT
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GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH
MINISTRY OF POWER, ENERGY & MINERAL RESOURCES
POWER GRID COMPANY OF BANGLADESH LTD. (PGCB)
Final Report
on
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of
Siddhirganj - Maniknagar 230KV
Transmission Line Project
15 July, 2012
Dhaka
Submitted by:
Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services
(~GIS A public trust under the Ministry of Water Resources
House 6, Road 23/C, Gulshan-1, Dhaka-1212. Bangladesh. Tel: 8817648-52, Fax: 880-2-8823128
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents·· ··· · ·· ·· ···· ·· · · · ·· ···················· · ····· ~········ ·· ··· · ······················································· i List of tables ............................................................................................................................ iv
List of figures ............................................................................................................................ v
Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................ viii
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. x
Abbreviation ........................................................................................................................... xv
Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ !
1.1 BackgroundOOOOOOOOOOOOoOOoOOOoOoOOOoOOOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOOOOOOoOoOoOOOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOl
1.2 Objectives of the Project....ooooooooooooooooOOoooOOOOooOO oOOooooooOOoooooooo oo oOOOOoooOOoOOoOOooOOo oOOOOOOoooooOOoooooooooooooo ... 2
1.3 Objectives of the EIA studyoooo ooooooooooo ooo ooooo oo ooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooo ooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo2
1.4 Scope ofWorkoooooooo oooooooooooooooo ooo oooo oOOoo OOO OOOOooO Ooo oooooooOOoooooooooo oooOooOoooOO ooo oooo ooooOOOooooOOooooooooooooooooooooo2
1.5 The EIA Study TerunoOOOOOOOOOoOOoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .. ooooo .. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo002
1.6 Methodology 000 0 00 000 0 00 0 000 00 0 000 000 0000 000 0 000 0 00 0 00 0 0 00 0 00 0 000 0 000 0 00 0 000 0 .. o 0000 000 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 000 0 0000 000 0000 000 0 00 0 000 0000 00 00 0 00 00 3
1.7 Structure of the Report ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo3
Chapter 2 Policy and Legislations .......................... .............................................................. , ... 5
2.1 Overview oooooOooo oo ooooooooo ooo ooooooooooo oooooo OoOoOOOOOOOOooOOoooooo ooo oooooooooo ooooooooo oo OOoo ooooooo oooooo oo oooooooooooooooooooooooo5
2.2 Procedure for Obtaining Site/Environmental Clearance ooOOooOOOOooOOOOOOOOOOOOOOooOOOOOOOOooooooooooooooooooooo6
202.1 Requirement for Initial Environment Examination (lEE) Reportoo .. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo6 20202 Procedure ooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo ooo ooo oooo ooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo6
2.3 Organization related with Enforcement of Environmental Standards oo .. oo .. oo .. oooooo .. oooooooooooo .... o6
20301 Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) oooooooooooo oo ...... oo .. oooo .... oo oooo .. oo .... oo .. oooooooooooo 06
2.4 Relevant National Policies and Legislation Relevant to Environment ... 0 .. 0000000000000000000000000000000000008
2.5 Relevant acts related with Environment.. .. 000000 0000 00000000000000 0000 .... oo 000000 .... 00 0000 000000 0000 .... 0000 oo ...... 0000 9
205.1 Bangladesh Wildlife Preservation Act (1973; Amended in 1974)oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .... oo .... ooo 9 20502 Forest Policy (1994) .. 00 0000000 0000000 0000000000000 000000000 00 00000 00000000 0000000 000000 0000000000 000 00000 000000000000 00009
2.6 Policy Related with Energy Development..oo .. oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo9
20601 The Electricity Act(l910)ooooooooooooOOooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooOOOOooooOOoooooooooooo .... oo .. 9 20602 Power Policy, 1995 ooooooooooOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoooOOOOoOOoooooooOOOOOOOo0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 20603 Energy Policy (1996) oo .o. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo.ooooooo .. oo .ooo.oo ooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo9 2.6.4 Industrial Policy (1999) ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo o.'ooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo10 20605 Mineral Gas Safety Rules (1991) ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ........... oo ..... oo ..... oo ..... oo ..... oooo ....... 1 0 20606 Petroleum Policy, 1993 oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ..... ... oo .... oo ..... oo ..... oo ..... oo .. oooooooooo ........ l0
2. 7 Compliance with International Requirements 00 ..... 00 oo ...... 00000000 oo ..... oo ...... oo 0000 00 0000 00 0000 000000 .oo ... 01 0
2. 7.1 Rio Declaration 000 000 oo .... 0 000 000 0 000 0000 000 000 0 000 00. oo· 0 000 0000.00 .. 00 ... 000 0000 .. 0 000 000 000 0 000 0 00 0 00 oo .. 000000 .... 0001 0 2.7.2 Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, (1992)oo ... ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo1 0 2.7.3 Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl
Habitat, Ramsar (1971) .. 00. 00 ..... 00 .. 00 ..... 00 .... . 00. 00 .. 00 .. 00.00 00 .... 00 00 00 ..... 00 00 00 0 00 00 00 .. 00 ... 00. 00 00 00 .. . 1 0
2.7.4 Uni ted Nat ions Conventi on on the Law of the Sea, Montague Bay, (1982) ..... ... 11 2.7.5 Others (Conventions and Agreements) ................. ......... .. ...... .. .... ....... ......... ........ ..... ... 11
2.8 World Bank' s Environmental Safeguard Policy .... ..... ... .. ....... ....... .. .......... .... ..... .. .... ... ..... .. ... 11
2.8.1 OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment .... ... .. ..................... ....... ... .... ...... .... .... ..... ... ... 11 2.8.2 OP/BP 4.04 Natural Habitats ...... .......... .. ... ..... ... ........................... .. ...... .. ....... ......... .. .. 12 2.8.3 OP/BP 4. 11 Physical Cultural Resources ........ .... ... .... .... .... .......... ...... ...................... .. 12 2.8.4 OP/BP 4.36 Forestry ... .. .. .... .. ..... ...... ......... .... ... ... ... .. ..... .. .. .... .... ........ ....... .......... ........ . 13 2.8.5 OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement... ...... ...... · ... .......... .... ................ .. .... .... .. ... ... ..... . 13
29 Building Construction (Amendment) Act, 1990 and Building Construction Rules'1996 ......... 13
Chapter 3 Description of the Project ................................................................................... 15
3.1 Introduction ..... ........ ... ....... ..... .. ......... ..... ... .. .. ... .... ...... ... ...... ........... ... .... .... ... .. ..... .... ... .. ....... .. 15
3.2 Project Components ... .. ..... ... ... .... ..... ... .... .... ... .... ....... .. .... ....................... ...... ..... ...... .. .... ... ...... 15
Relevant Diagram (attached): ................ ... .. ....................... ............................. .. ..... ... ... ... ...... ..... ..... 15
3.3 Project Category ..... .... .... ...... ..... .. .... ... .... ..... ........ ... ... ... ..... .. .. .. ....... .. .... .................... ...... ....... 16
3.4 Project Location .... .... ........ .... ....... ... .. ... ..... .... .... ............ .. ........ ........... ........ .... ... .... .. .......... ..... 17
3.5 Physical Features of the Transmission Line ... ........... ... ... ........ .... .... ... .. .. .. ..... .. ....... ..... ...... .... 18
3.6 Component of the Construction Works ............. ... .......... .. ... ... ...... ... .......... ... ..... ... .. ....... ........ 19
3.7 Construction Equipment ..... .. .... ............... ... .... ............. ... .... ... .. ............ ..... .... .. ... ........ ........... . 19
3.8 Work Schedule .. ...... ....... .......... ... ....... ....... ....... ....... .......... .... ......... ........ ... .... ................. ....... 19
Chapter 4 Analysis of Suitability for Alternative Routes ................................................... 23
4.1 Alignment Selection Factors ..... ..... .. .... ..... ........ .. .. .... .... ........ ........ .. ..... ...... .. ....... .................. 23
4.2 Alignment Suitability Analysis ..... ..... .. .... ... .. ... .. ....... .... ... ................... ....... .... ..... ......... .. ....... 23
4.2.1 Route Option # 1 (All the towers locations are on land) ...... ....... ... ... .... .............. ... ... . 23 4.2.2 Route Option # 2 (Tower locations are within the DND canal) ........ ......... ................ 24
4.2 .3 Route Option # 3 (Tower locations are both on the Bank of the DND canal and unused land of BWDB) ..... ....... .... ...... .... ... ......... ... ... ... .... ..... ... ..... ... ....... ...... .... .. ......... 26
4.3 Alternative Consideration ......... .. .... .. ..... ..... ... ... .. ... .. ... ... ..... .... .. ..... .. ... ........ ....... ....... .. .. .. .... ... 26
4.4 Alignment Suitability in GIS based Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) ...... ... ...... .. ... 28
Chapter 5 Description of Environmental Baseline ............................................................. 32
5.1 Land Use ............... · .... ..... .......... ... ...... ......... .... .. ...... ....... ....... ........... ............ ....... ... .. .. ..... ... .. ... 32
5.2 Atmosphere and Water Resources .... ...... .... ... ........ .... ... ... .... .......... ... .. .................. ... ... ........ ... 32
5.2.1 Climate .. ....... ..... .... .... .. ........ ..... ..... ...... ....... ....... ..................... ... ...... .... .... .. ............... ... 32 5.2.2 Water Level I Flooding ... ... ... ....... ......... .. ...... ..... ..... ... ...... ......... .. .... ..... .... .... ... ............ 35 5.2.3 Air Quality ...................................... ..................... .. ... ............ ... ... ..... ... ...... .... ......... ..... 36 5.2.4 Ambient Noise .. ......... ... .... ... .... ..... ....... ........ ...... ...... ...... .. .. .... ........ ......... ... ... ....... ..... .. 37 5.2.5 Water Quality ... .......... ...... .. .. ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ......... ... ... .... .. ..... .. ............ ... .... .. ... ..... ..... 37
5.2.6 Natural Hazards .. .... ........ .... ... .... .... ... ..... ... .... ..... ..... ... ....... ... ..... ....... ...... ... .. ..... .. .. .... .. . 46
5.3 Soil and agriculture .. ...... .. ... ... .... .... ... .... .... ... ....... ... .... .... .... .......... ...... .. .. ... ....... ...... .. .. ........... . 47
5.3.1 Land Use/cover .. ...... ....... ............ ...... ...... .... .... ... ... .... ..... ..... .. ........ ... .......................... . 47
5.3.2 Agriculture Resources .... ..... ................... .... .......... ...... ............... ..... ....... ... ........... ........ 47
5.4 Biological Resources ........ .... ........ ... ............... ......... .. ..... .... .... ...... ... .... .... ..... ... .. ...... .............. 48
5.4.1 Terrestrial Ecosystem .... ... .. .. ...... .. ... ..... ... ... .... ..... ... .... ..... .. ... .... ....................... .. ... .. .... 48
5.4.2 Aquatic Ecosystem ......................... .. ... ....... .... ...... ...... ... ... .. .... .... .. ....................... .... ... 49
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5.5 Socio-economic Condition .. ......... .... ...... .. ...... ... ... .... .... ....... .... ... ...... ..................................... 51
Chapter 6 Public Consultation and Disclosure ................................................................... 52
6.1 Public Consultation Methodology ............................... ...... ........ .. ................................ .......... 52
6.2 Summary ofConsultation ...... ..... ...... ....... ... .... ... ..... ...... ... .... ..... ..... .......... ... ... .... ........ .. .. ... ... .. 52
6.2.1 Positive Perceptions .. ........ ................................. .... ... .. ................................................ 52 6.2.2 Negative Perceptions ....................................... .. ..... .................................................... 54 6.2.3 Suggestions ..... .... ....... .... ... .. ... .... ............. . , .. ....... .. .. .. .... .... .. ... ... .... .. ..... .. ..... .. ..... ..... ... .. 54
6.3 Public Disclosure ..................................... ............ ........ ..... ... .... ................. ................. .. ..... ... .. 54 • 6.4 List ofParticipants ........... ......................................................................... ............................. 54
Chapter 7 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ........................................... 58
7.1 Identification oflmportant Environmental Components (IECs) .. .... .... ... .. .. ... ....... ... ...... ... .... 58
7.2 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ............................ .. ............ ........ 58
7.2.1 Ambient Air Quality ......... .................... ....... .................... .. ..... .. ......... ... .. ................. ... 60 7.2.2 Surface Water Quality ...... .... .............. .... .... ..... ........................................................... 61 7.2.3 Ground Water Quality ...... .......... .... ................... ....... .................................. .. .............. 61 7.2.4 Ambient Sound/Noise Quality ........ ......................... .............. ...................... ... ... .. ....... 61 7.2.5 Land and Soil .... ..... ................ ... ..... ............ ........ .... ..... ................................. .. ............ . 62 7.2.6 Fisheries ....................... .. ........................ .. .... .. ..... ... .............. ... ....... ............................. 62 7.2.7 Flora ... ....... ...... .. .. ....... ...... .. ......... ... .... .... .. .......................... .............. ............. ........ ...... 62 7.2.8 .Fauna ....... ... ... .. .... .. ........ .... ....... ....... ... ........... ......... .................................... ................. 63 7.2.9 Workers' Health and Safety ... .. .. ... ... ........................................................................... 63
Chapter 8 Environmental Management Plan ..................................................................... 64
8.1 Introduction .......................... ................ ..................... .... ... ............ ... .... .......... ........................ 64
8.2 Mitigation Plan .. ......... .... ...... ..................... ....... .. .. ....... ........... .. ........... .......... ........................ 64
8.3 Environmental Monitoring Program ........................... ....................................................... ... 73
8.4 Benefit Enhancement Plan ............................... ... .......... .... ... .. ..................................... .. ... ... ... 74
8.5 Institutional Arrangements .................................................................................................... 74
8.6 Risk n1anagement ....... ................... .... ... .. ..... .... ... ....... ........ ............ .. ... .. ..... .... ....................... . 77
8. 7 Reporting Procedure (PGCB) .... .. .... ........... .. ............................... ...... ..... ..... ...... .................... 77
8.8 Reporting Procedure (FIES) .................................................................. .' ............ .. ............... ... 77
Chapter 9 Conclusion and Recommendations .................................................................... 79
9.1 Conclusion ...... ..... ........ ...... ..... .. ................... ............................ ............ ............ ....... ........ ....... 79
9.2 Recommendations ...... ............ ... .... ... .... .... ... ........... ... ... ........... ....... ..... .. ...... .......................... 79
Annex 1 Comments and Response ........................................................................................ 81
Annex 2 Detail Socio-economic and Environmental Features on RoW ............................ 89
Annex 3 Test Result of Water Quality ................................................................................. 99
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List of tables
Table 3.1: Area covered by the Siddhirganj - Konapara T/L ....... .. .. .... ....... .... .. .... .. .. .... ... ... .... ... .... 17
Table 3.2: Physical features of proposed 230KV Transmission line .. ..... .... ....... ... .. ..... ....... ... ... ... ........ 19
Table 4.1: Available Trees Through the Option-1 ...... ..... .... ... ..... ... ... ............. .......... ....... ...... .. .... ... : ..... 24
Table 4.2: Available Trees Through the Option-2 ..... .... .... ..... ..... .. .... ...... ... .. .. ... ....... ............ ...... ...... .... 24
Table 4.3: Available Trees Through the Option-3 ........ ... .............. .... ........... ........................................ 26
Table 4.4: Comparative Portrait of Proposed Three Alternative Route Options ... .. .......................... ... 26
Table 4.5: Analysis of Suitability in Point ofFeasibility Assessment... .. ........ .. .. ..... .... ... ... .. .... .... ....... 27
Table 5.1 : Number of Ponds and Water Bodies along the Transmission Line ....... .......... .................... 36
Table 5.2: Standards of Ambient Air Quality ... ... .... ...... ............. ..... .. ... ... ......... ...... ....... .. .. ... ....... ........ . 36
Table 5.3: Standards ofNoise Quality for the Bangladesh ..... .. .. ...... .... ... .. .. ... ... ...... .. ... ......... ... .. .. ........ 37
Table 5.4: Test Result of Physical and Aggregate Properties .. ..... .. ..... ...... ..... .... ... ........ .. .. ..... ..... ... .... .. 38
Table 5.5: Test Result of Aggregate Organic Constituents .. ....... ...... .... .......................................... ..... .40
Table 5.6: Test Result oflnorganic Non-metallic Constituents ...................... ... ....... ................ ........... .41
Table 5.7: Test Result ofMetal. .... ....... .. ... .. .... ... .. ................ ... ........ .. .. .. .... .. .. ........ ... ....... ........... ...... .. ... 43
Table 5.8: Microbiological Test Result. ............................... ......... .. ... .... .. .......... ... .. ... ......... ...... ... ........ . 45
Table 5.9: Present Cropping Pattern in the Tower areas .... .. ..... ........ .... ... ........................ ... .. ... .. .. ... ..... .47
Table 5.10: Available Trees Alongside the TIL ..... ... .... ........... ............................................................ .48
Table 5.11 : Terrestrial Wildlife of the Study Area ... .. ...... .......... ...... ......... ............. ........................ ... ... 49
Table 5.12: Macrophysics of the Wetlands in the Study Area .. ...... ... .. .... .. .. ... .. .. ..... .... ... ...... .. .... ... .... .. .49
Table 5.13: Wetland Dependent Wild Fauna of the study area ............................................................ 50
Table 6.1: List of the Participants in Baseline Study .... ... .... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ....... ... .. .. .... ........ ..... ...... .... .... 54
Table 6.2: Public Consultation: Dharmikpara, ward no.-5, Matuail, Demra ...... ..... .... ... ... .... ... .... .... .... 55
Table 6.3 : Public Consultation: Siddhirganj, Narayanganj .. ... .... ..... .... ... .. .......... .. .. .... ..... ....... ...... ..... 55
Table 7.1: Potential Environmental lmpacts ... ... ..... .. ......... ....... ....... .... .... .. .. .... ..... ..... ....... .... ... ....... ...... 58
Table 8.1 : Estimated Budget for Mitigation Measures .. .. ...... .... .... ... .. .. ..... .... ... ... ......... .... ............ .. ...... 65
Table 8.2: Monitoring Plan ...... .... ... ..... .... .. ...... ... ...... .... .. ... .... .. .. .. ........ ... ..... .. .... .......................... ... ...... 73
Table 8.3: Estimated Budget for Monitoring Plan for one year .............................................. .. .. ... ... .. .. 74
Table 8.4: Total Mitigation and Monitoring cost (estimated) ...... .... ... .... ... ..... .. ... .. .. ........................ .. 74
Table 8.5: Benefit Assessment ... ............... ................. .. ...... ..... .......... ...... ...... .... ... .. .. ..... .... .. .......... .... .... 74
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List of figures
Figure 2.1 : DoE Environmental Clearance Procedures .................. .. ... .... ..... ........... .... .. .... .. .. ... . 7
Figure 3.1: Sketch of Tower Footing Sites .... .. ... .. ... .. .. .. ..... ....... .. ...... .... ... .... ... .. .... ..... ... .... .. .... .16
Figure 3.2: Base Map of the Proposed Transmission Line ..... ... .. ... ..... .............. ... .. ..... ... .... .... .18
Figure 3.3: Sketch ofthe Proposed Tower.. .... .... ..... .... ...... ... ......................... .... ....... .............. .20
Figure 4.1:Route Options ... ..... ...... ... ........... ... .... ... .. ..... ..... ........ ....... ............ ....... ..... ..... .......... 25
Figure 4.2:Three Alternate Options for Siddhirganj-Konapara 230KV 6.6Km T/L ...... ......... 30
Figure 5.1 : Monthly Average Rainfall of Last Ten Years (Source: BMD, 2001 to 2011) ..... . 32
Figure 5.2: Maximum Rainfall in a day in of Last Ten Years (Source: BMD, 2001 to 2011)33
Figure 5.3 : Monthly Average Rainy days ofLast Ten Years (Source: BMD, 2001 to 2011).33
Figure 5.4: Monthly Average Temperature Last Ten Years (Source: BMD, 2001 to 2011) .. .34
Figure 5.5: Average and Minimum Humidity (Source: BMD, 2001 to 2011) ..... ..... .... ..... .... . 34
Figure 5.6: Monthly Average Evaporation ofLast Ten Years (Source: BMD, 2001 to 2011)35
Figure 5.7: Monthly Average Wind Speed ofLast Ten Years (Source: BMD, 2001 to 2011)35
Figure 6.1: Consultation at Siddhirganj ..... ..... .... .... ...... ..... ......... ....... ... .. .. .... .. .... ... ....... .. .. ..... .. 53
Figure 6.2: Consultation at Mizmizi ... ... .. .... ..... .. .... ...... .... ...... .. .. : ... .. ..... ..... ..... ...... .... .... ..... .... . 53
Figure 6.4: Public Consultation at Dharmikpara ..... ........ .. ......... ..... .. ... ..... .. ..... .... ... ... ..... .... .. .. 53
Figure 6.5: Public Consultation at Siddirganj .. ... ....... ... .......... .. ...... .. ........ .. ... ... .... ..... ..... .... ..... 53
Figure: 8.1: Flowchart ofEMU ···· ····· ····· ···· ····:·· ··········· ······· ··········· ··· ·· ··· ···· ······· ·· ···· ······ ····· ···· ·75
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Acknowledgement
The Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), a public Trust under the Ministry of Water Resources, expresses its gratitude to the Power Grid Company Bangladesh (PGCB) Limited for entrusting CEGIS with the responsibility of conducting the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study of"Siddhirganj Maniknagar llKm 230KV Transmission Line Project (SMTL)".
CEGIS is indebted to Engr. Md. Jamal Ullah, Managing Director, PGCB for giving CEGIS the opportunity to work with PGCB. CEGIS is also grateful to Engr. Md. Nazim Uddin, Director (P&D), Engr. Kazi Ahsan Shafiq, General Manager (P&D) and Engr. Mokhlesur Rahman, General Manager (Projects). The Deputy General Manager (DGM) and Project Director of this project Engr. Pranab Kumar Roy deserve appreciation for cordially coordinating the whole study. Contributions of Engr. Mohammad Ismail Hossain, Manager (T), Engr. Jahid Hasan, Deputy Manager (T) of the SMTL Projects, PGCB is gratefully acknowledged.
Members of the EIA Team were impressed with the spontaneous response received from the local people in providing information. Their contribution is gratefully recognized by CEGIS. Special mention must be made of the people who had given time to respond to the different types of surveys, Rapid Rural Appraisal, Consultation Meetings, and Group Discussions.
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Executive Summary
The power demand of the capital city Dhaka and suburb is about fifty percent of the total demand of the country. As a capital city, Government gives highest priority for supply of electricity to Dhaka area. The city is important both for industrial and commercial activities. Due to fast growing demand of electricity, renovation of the existing system as well as addition of new distribution facilities are essential to meet demand of the vast numbers of new customers. Quality power supply is indispensable to maintain normal life of the people, besides development of industrial and commercial activities.
The existing transmission system in the project area is insufficient to meet the demand of the area and cannot feed the demand of the sub-stations and feeders of the project area. With a view to meet the electricity demand of the consumers, PGCB is planning to construct transmission line facilities under the project "Siddhirganj- Maniknagar 230KV transmission line project" to evacuate the power from the proposed Siddhirganj 335 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant.
The EIA and SIA study of Siddhirganj-Maniknagar 230KV transmission line was done in 2008. DoE has given environmental clearance of the line to start the implementation work. But it was very difficult to implement this project from Siddhirganj to Konapara RoW (tower nos. 1 to tower nos. 22) due to dense residential area. PGCB, World Bank and the concerned stakeholders discussed the difficulties several time and tried to fmd out alternate RoW to avoid the densely populated area. An alternate RoW has been identified along the Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra (DND) drainage canal. It was found that most of the land through which TIL crosses is vacant public land and the DND canal as well as its adjacent area is owned by the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB). This prposed transmission line along the DND canal would not affect significant portion of settlements since land· of tower side is vacant. Although there are some sort of temporary settlements and agricultural land, but these will not be severely affected because those are located in between the towers. Thus, fmally PGCB intended to change the line alongside the DND canal. Length of the newly proposed RoW is estimated to be about 6.6Km which will start from Siddhirganj power station and join at Konapara with old tower no 23 . Though this report is prepared for the whole 11 km long route (tower 1 to 39) for 230KV Siddhirganj-Maniknagar transmission line but emphasis is given mostly on the newly proposed ROW (tower nos. 1 to tower nos. 22) as the rests (tower 23 to 39) are already approved.
The proposed project falls under the "Red Category" as per the Environmental Conservation Rules of 1997, which requires submission of an Initial Environmental Examination (lEE) report prior to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report to obtain environmental clearance from the DOE. Initial environmental Examination (lEE) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) clearance were given by DOE in 2008 for implementing this project. For the revised route, DOE exempted lEE study/report for the project, hence, PGCB need clearance from the DOE on the basis of this EIA report for implementation of the transmission line and other ancillary works.
In addition, the World Bank requires Environmental Assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank support to ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making. The Bank classifies projects into three major categories (namely A, B, and C), depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. The project falls in Category A according to World Bank safeguard policies. The borrower is responsible for carrying out the EA and the Bank advises the borrower on the Bank' s EA requirements.
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Some of the important issues, however, that were previously identified in the lEE report require further investigation to complete impact assessment and identification of possible mitigation measures. In compliance to these requirements, the Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), a public trust under the Ministry of water Resources, has been assigned by the PGCB to conduct the EIA study and prepare the EIA Report. The overall scope of work under the present study comprises alternative site analysis and selection of best site, conduct environmental baseline survey and select environmental and social components likely to be impacted by the project, assessment and evaluation of impacts, conduct public consultation to obtain people's perception on the project, preparation of detail Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and fmally to obtain an 'Environmental Clearance ' from DoE.The EIA study specifically included the following scope ofworks:
• Description of the environmental baseline situation of the area; • IdentifYing alternative site and its suitability; • IdentifYing and analyzing the potential environmental impacts and Mitigation measures • Public Consultation for the people' s perception on the projects; and • Preparing an Environmental Management Plan, which would include mitigation plan and
monitoring plan with probabale cost.
With a view to examining the probable environmental impacts, a baseline survey was conducted through the proposed RoW. The study explored positive and negtive impacts on the basis of such baseline situation.
The survey data shows that the major land use of the RoW ofSiddhirganj-Maniknagar 230KV TIL is fallow land in new route along the DND canal up to Konapara area which is about 6.6 km and rest 4.4Km RoW is single cropped land and seasonal floodplain near Maniknagar end. The RoW near Siddhirganj is crossing major two roads i.e. Demra-Narayanganj road and Dhaka Chittagong road. Near Konapara the RoW is crossing Demra-Jatrabari road. In the Maniknagar end, the low lying area is dominant where only Boro (HYV) crop is cultivated during dry season. In the monsoon period the area is inundated by seasonal flood water. It is to be noted here that the agricultural land in the 4.4 km ROW as mentioned above will not be affected by the installation of TIL since most of the agricultural land fall in between tower sites. In addition, the transmission line in new 6.6 km route will be drawn alongside the DND canal which is characteristically vacant and it implies that no possible impacts will occur on agricultural land.
The proposed line lies in the catchment of the Dhaka and Narayanganj meteorological substations. The annual average rainfall in this area is about 2161 mm/yr. The monthly average maximum rainfall was recorded as 433 mm in the month of July and the monsoon rainfall was about 1742 mm. Maximum rainfall in a single day was found 333 mm in September and maximum average rainy days in a month was found 24 in June.
The Bangladesh meteorological data at the Dhaka station from 2001 to 2011 shows that the monthly average maximum temperature in months varies from 24°C to 34°C while the maximum temperature occurring over the months of March to May is around 34°C. The monthly average temperature varies from 19 °C to 29°C. The monthly minimum temperature ranges from 13°C to 26°C and the minimum temperature (December to January) is around 13°C.
The monthly average relative humidity varies from 60% to 81% in last ten years (2001 to 2011). In the summer, average relative humidity varies from 60% to 72%; in the monsoon 81% to 71% and in the winter it again decreases up to 71% to 60%.
In analyzing the suitability of alternative option for the transmission line in new 6.6 km route (Siddhirganj to Konapara), three possible routes (option-1 , 2 and 3) were suggested. The options are as follows:
XI
1. Route option # 1: All the towers locations are on land.
u. Route option#2: Tower locations within the DND canal (except tower no. 1 and 2).
iii. Route option#3: Tower locations are both on the Bank of the DND canal and unused land of Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB).
These routes were selected through consultation with PGCB officials and local stakeholders.
The factors on which alignment was selected are:
• Preferring fallow land; • Least disturbance of aquatic and terrestrial fauna and flora; • A void settlement areas as much as possible; • Consider general impact area of both left and right side; • Easier Constructability; • Less Environmental impact on canal water; • Less cost and less disturbance on movement;
Brief overviews on the three different options are mentioned below:
Route option-1 was suggested basically on the land of the left side of DND canal which are mostly private and public properties (owned by BWDB). The fust and the second towers would be located on the lands presently used by PGCB. It would cross a significant number of settlements, terrestrial and other aquatic resources along its RoW. Besides RoW, it would impact many settlements and environmental components in both side of TIL which is termed as General Impact Area (GIA).Installation of T/L through this route encompasses notable impacts on settlement and environment.
Option-2 is suggested basically within the DND canal (except tower no. 1 and 2). This option does not hamper significant number of settlements and terrestrial resources. However, the towers of this option eventually impede the natural water flow of the canal and may .leads to partial drainage congestion. Although it has trivial impacts on floral life but bears immense impacts on aquatic life. Moreover, it will demand a huge implementation cost.
Option-3, this option comprises both land and canal. Tower nos. 5-10 and 19-22 will be within the DND canal and Tower nos. 11-18 will be on land which is public land. Tower 1 and 2 will be installed on the land that is already used by PGCB. Noted that Tower Nos. 3 and 4 are omitted in the proposed line profile. The towers in the canal will remain closer to the canal bank. Tower no. 5 to 8 will be erected on the left (West) bank and the tower no 9 and 10 will be erected on the right (East) bank to bypass a foot over bridge on Dhaka-Chittagong road. This option will not crosses the significant numbers of settlements rather most of the land of RoW is fallow possessed by BWDB. Transmission line through this option will not affect the environmental components significantly since most of the land is fallow and the terrestrial lives which are directly beneath the transmission line are not required to be cut down.
After analyzing the three possible options, it is found that option-3 is more suitable since it bears less environmental impacts than other options. Thus option-3 is suggested to be selected as the fmal alternative route for installation of transmission line. It is observed that the old RoW from Siddhirganj to Konapara bears huge number of settlements and terrestrial and other aquatic resources whereas the newly proposed alternative option (option-3) for the same portion of transmission line bears trivial natural resources through the new 6.6 ian RoW. Field findings show that most of the land of new 6.6 km RoW is fallow public land and owned by BWDB. Thus this option 3 is more feasible both in. terms of environmental and socio-economic aspects.
xii
A 6.4m x 6.4m area under each tower has been used by the PGCB. However, the PGCB is not mandated to acquire the land under Electricity Act. 1910. Private land owners have allowed PGCB to use their land for the greater public interest though the ownership of those lands has remained with the owners. PGCB will now require 6.2m x 6.2m land under the new tower footing, replacing the existing ones. Taking safety, stoking construction goods and pile driving into account a further around 14m x 14 m area outside the tower footing have been taken temporarily as a buffer zone.
It is important to mention here that, according to the guidelines of the DOE and the funding agency, people's participation in project planning and implementation phases is essential to take necessary actions for any social/ political conflicts and environmental issues. People have the right to know any information about what is going to happen in their surroundings. They must be informed about the positive and negative impacts of the proposed project.
In view ofthat, the representatives ofCEGIS formally and informally consulted local stakeholders for information dissemination concerning probable effects. The consultant and their employed enumerators investigated all the relevant matters regarding the project by arranging meetings and group discussions for people' s awareness. Local people expressed their views on the proposed project.
In this regard a number of formal public consultation meetings were held respectively in Siddhirganj, Sarulia, Mizmizi and Dharmikpara. Local stakeholders both male and female were consulted in the meetings. In addition teachers, business man, village leaders, and local government members were consulted individually. Female heads of the households were also interviewed. Under this process the management authority of PGCB will also need to consult with the local people during the implementation period of the project.
In conclusion it can be said that, the new 6.6km route (option-3) from Siddhirganj to Konapara of proposed 230KV Siddhirganj-Maniknagar transmission line can be utilized as this will not have any significant irreversible negative impact on environment. But the implementation of the project is subject to proper implementation of an environmental management plan.
Less vibrating and less sound producing techniques and instruments should be used to minimize the disturbance to nature. The construction materials for piles should not contain any toxic material so that they contaminate the ground water. The quality of sands for filling should be tested properly to avoid toxic contamination in the canal.
Minor negative impacts like clearing of vegetation and cutting of trees at the pre-construction and construction phases should be taken care of by taking proper mitigation measures. A work schedule to be prepared (tower 23 to 39) in compliance with the cropping season to minimize damage to existing crops.It is observed that few number of trees will be cut around the tower base and as mitigation measures double number of trees will be planted.
The health and safety issues of workers should be taken care of. The construction labour camps should be provided with water supply and sanitation facilities. The workers should be apprised of hygienic practices. Helmets , fastening belts and other necessary PPE should be provided to the workers specially who will work for tower erection. Availability of the First Aid Box is a must and may be stored in the site office.
The transportation of materials should be done using the existing roads and should be between 11:00 AM to 5:00PM in order to minimize adverse effect of extra noise pollution. The stores and equipment yards should be properly guarded so that all equipment remains safe. No or less noise emitting machineries and BRTA approved vehicles should be used for transport. Covered vehicle can be used to minimize dust pollution.
Xlll
From an overall assessment, it can be said that the proposed project could be implemented in an environment friendly manner if environmental management plan is followed properly. So, it is recommends that the project may be cleared to proceed with its work.
XIV
Abbreviation
ADB
BBS
BP
BWDB
CEGIS
DC
DCC
DG
DEPC
DIA
DOE
DOF
DND
EA
ECA
EIA
EMP
EMU
ESIA
FCDI
FIDC
GIA
GO
GPS
HH
HES
HTW
HYV
IEC
lEE
kV
LGI
LGED
MOEF
NCS
Asian Development Bank
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
Bank Procedure
Bangladesh Water Development Board
Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services
Deputy Commissioner
Dhaka City Corporation
Director General
Department of Environment Pollution Control
Direct Impact Area
Department ofEnvironment
Department of Fisheries
Dhaka-Narayanganj-Dernra
Environmental Assessment
Environmentally Critical Act
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Management Unit
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Flood Control, Drainage and Inigation
Forest Industries Development Corporation
General Impact Area
Government Organization
Global Positioning System
Household
Health, Environment and Safety
Hand Tube Well
High Yielding Variety
Important Environmental Component
Initial Environmental Examination
Kilo Volt
Local Government Institution
Local Government Engineering Department
Ministry of Environment and Forest
National Conservation Strategy
XV
NEMAP
NGO
NOC
OMS
OP
PAP
PDB
PGCB
RAP
RoW
SIA
SMTL
SMP
ToR
TIL
Tk.
T&T
UNCED
WASA
WB
National Environmental Management Action Plan
Non Government Organization
No Objection Certificate
Operation Management System
Operational Policy
Project Affected People
Power Development Board
Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Ltd.
Resettlement Action Plan
Right of Way
Social Impact Assessment
Siddhirganj-Maniknagar Transmission Line
Social Management Plan
Terms ofReference
Transmission Line
Taka (Bangladeshi currency)
Telephone and Telegraph
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
Water Supply & Sewerage Authority
World Bank
XVI
1.1 Background
Chapter 1
Introduction
The power demand of the capital city Dhaka and suburb is about fifty percent of the total demand of the country. As a capital city, Government gives highest priority for supply of electricity to Dhaka area. The city is important both for industrial and commercial activities. Due to fast growing demand of electricity, renovation of the existing system as well as addition of new distribution facilities are essential to meet d~mand of the vast numbers of new customers. Adequacy and quality power supply is indispensable to maintain normal life of the people, besides development of industrial and commercial activities. In the south-east part of the city, it has become nearly impossible to get a right of way for constructing a new transmission line. At present Maniknagar along with other two 132/33KV sub-stations (Bangabhaban and Narinda) are being fed by three 132KV single circuit line from Haripur. Most of the times, the lines are running at full load and need to be upgraded.
Moreover, there are plans for installation of several power plants in Siddhirganj power station campus (Siddhirganj Peaking GT 1&2, Siddhirganj Peaking GT 3&4, 2 X 150 and Siddhirganj Steam 2X210 MW). The existing power transportation facilities from Siddhirganj power station will not be adequate for evacuating all of the power, i.e. existing power and as well as planned generated power at Siddhirganj Power Station Campus. As such new transmission facilities will need to be built for evacuating all of the power to be generated in Siddhirganj. In this context, Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Ltd. (PGCB), with a view to meeting the demand of the project area, is planning to construct a new Siddhirganj - Maniknagar 230KV line along with sub-stations at both ends (GIS substation at Maniknagar and AIS sub-station at Siddhirganj) by dismantling the existing old HaripurMatuail-Maniknagar 132KV single circuit tower line.
The EIA and SIA study of Siddhirganj-Maniknagar 230KV was done in 2008. DoE had been given environmental clearance of the line to start the implementation work. But it was very difficult to implement this project from Siddhirganj to Konabari RoW (tower nos. I to tower nos. 22) due to dense residential area. PGCB, World Bank and the concerned stakeholders discussed the difficulties several time and tried to find out alternate RoW to avoid the densely populated area. An alternate RoW has been identified along the Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra (DND) drainage canal. It is found that most of the land through which TIL crosses is vacant public land and the DND canal as well as its adjacent area is owned by the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB). The newly proposed transmission line along the DND canal would not affect any settlements since land of tower side is vacant. Although there are some sort of settlements located in between tower sites, but these will not be severely affected. Thus, finally PGCB intended to change the line alongside the DND canal. The length of newly proposed RoW is estimated to be about 6.60Km which will start from Siddhirganj power station and join at Konabari with old tower no 23 .
The new proposed Project falls under the "Red Category" as per the Environmental Conservation Rules of 1997, which requires submission ofan Initial Environmental Examination (lEE) report along with EIA report. PGCB had already requested DOE for exemption of lEE and get clearance from DOE on the basis of the EIA study. Present Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study has been conducted to obtain environmental clearance for the revised route only from the DOE. Finally, PGCB must take clearance from the Department of Environment for implementation of the transmission line and other ancillary works. The EIA report will show the path of implementing the project in an environmentally sound manner. In compliance to these requirements, the Center for Environmental
Introduction
and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), a public trust under the Ministry of Water Resources, has been assigned by the PGCB to conduct the EIA study and prepare the EIA Report.
1.2 Objectives of tbe Project
The main objectives of the project are :
1. To evacuate generated power from the proposed 2X150 MW power plant and other incoming power plants at Siddhirganj Power Station Campus;
2. To meet the growing demand of south-east part of the Dhaka City and to relieve the existing 132KV lines of this area;
3. To minimize transmission loss .
1.3 Objectives of tbe EIA study
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) study of construction of 230KV overhead transmission line for the newly proposed alternative Siddhirganj to Maniknagar 6.6Km has been carried out. The EIA study specifically included the following scope of works:
• Description of the environmental baseline situation of the area; • Identifying alternative site and its suitability; • Identifying and analyzing the potential environmental impacts, including residual impact of
the proposed project on the IECs selected in the lEE study; • Exploring the people' s perception on the projects; and • Preparing an Environmental Management Plan, which would include mitigation plan and
monitoring plan with probabale cost.
1.4 Scope of Work
The scopes of work of the present EIA study were as follows. • Alternative site analysis and selection of best site; • Conduct environmental baseline survey and select environmental and social components
likely to be impacted by the project; • Assessment and evaluation of impacts; • Conduct public consultation to obtain people' s perception about the project; • Preparation of detail Environmental Management Plan (EMP); • Preparation of ESIA report; and • Presentation ofESIA results to DoE to get 'Environmental Clearance'
1.5 The EIA Study Team
The EIA study team comprised of the following professional experts:
• Md. Waji Ullah, Water Resources Planner
• Mujibul Huq, Environmental Planner
• Dr. Dilruba Ahmed, Senior Sociologist
• Mr. Subrata Kumar Monda!, Socio-Economist
• Mr. Abdur Rashid, Agriculture Specialist
• Mr. Md. Sharif Hossain Sourav, Ecologist
• Md. Sahahadat Hossain Choudhury, Environmental Specialist
• Mr. Muhammad Shifuddin Mahmud, Anthropologist
Two field workers with multidisciplinary background helped the team by collecting data from the field.
2
Introduction
1.6 Methodology
The report has been prepared on the basis of information of the project activities supplied by the project proponent (PGCB). The Consultant's multi-disciplinary team of experts made reconnaissance and exploratory site visits. The interaction between the project activity and the significant environmental components was made based on a checklist. This checklist was prepared following the DOE guidelines for selected industries (DOE, 1997), Environmental Guidelines for selected industrial and water development projects (ADB, 1990), World Bank operational polices (OP) and bank procedures (BP) for environmental assessment and the Consultants' experience with similar projects.
The environmental data were collected from the tower sites, alignment and substations through a environmental questionnaire. Public consultation was also made to obtain the people' s view, as suggested in the EIA guidelines.
Environmental data from different sources (B.B.S., DOE, Department of Meteorology, BWDB; Agroclirnatic survey of Bangladesh and other lEE reports) of the proposed project area were collected to prepare an environmental baseline profile. The Consultant' s multi-disciplinary team of experts made a visit to visualize the condition of the project site and its surroundings and to identifY alternate sites for investigation.
The environmental baseline, project components, possible environmental impacts, mitigation measures and environmental management plan are presented in this report following the World Bank and DOE guidelines.
1.7 Structure of the Report
The report has been structured in compliance with the requirements of the TOR.
Chapter I: Introduction: The introduction chapter presents a brief overview of the assignment along with its background, Project objectives, Study objectives, scope of work, methodology etc.
Chapter 2: Policy and Legislation: Chapter Two outlines the Policy and Legislation on environmental issues.
Chapter 3: Description of the Project: Chapter Three describes the proposed interventions including alternative options of the project, background, project category, need for the project, location, size and magnitude of operation
Chapter 4: Analysis of Suitability for Alternative Routes: Chapter Four presents the description of the environmental baseline (physical, biological and socioeconomic) of the project area.
Chapter 5: Description of Environmental Baseline: Chapter Five presents the description of the alternative routes and suitability analysis of the selected route.
Chapter 6: Public Consultation and Disclosure: Chapter Six presents the public perceptions about the proposed project and their suggestions.
Chapter 7: Identification and Analysis of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures: This chapter deals with the environmental impacts of the proposed project and possible mitigation measures. Opinions of the local people have also been elaborated in this chapter.
Chapter 8: Environmental Management Plan: The chapter mainly deals with the environmental management plan, which includes an implementation plan of mitigation measures, institutional requirements and environmental monitoring program of the project. The EMP also includes specific compensation, monitoring and enhancement plan.
Chapter 9: Conclusion and Recommendations: This chapter presents the fmdings, conclusion, and recommendations of the EIA study.
3
Chapter 2
Policy and Legislations
2.1 Overview
The Construction of the transmission line of the project proposed to be implemented by PGCB requires strict compliance with laws, rules and regulations pertinent to the environment. The environmental legislation in Bangladesh, particularly, the Environmental Conservation Act, 1997, (recently amended - Amendment 2000), states that any development project shall require environmental clearance from the Department of Environment (DOE), Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The DoE is responsible for ensuring application of environmental laws and issuance of necessary clearances.
The procedures and requirements for EIA under the power sector led to the introduction of the Environmental Conservation Act in 1995, which introduced a requirement for any proposed "industrial unit or project" to obtain prior approval from the DoE.
The Environmental Conservation Act has classified projects to be assessed (by the DoE) in three categories (green, amber, red) . Power development projects are allocated to the red category, which triggers an automatic requirement for an Initial Environmental Examination (lEE) followed by a full EIA. Subject to a satisfactory review of the environmental assessment, the DoE issues an authorization for the project to proceed. The authorization consists of two parts: a "technical clearance", which approves the content of the project, and a "site clearance", which gives approval to the site proposed for the project.
PGCB as the project proponent is responsible for carrying out an EIA study of proposed project. PGCB therefore, administers the environmental assessment process with the consultants, reviews the findings, and then submits the documents to the DoE for review.
A key requirement of the EIA, for projects classified in the Amber and Red categories is an Environmental Management Plan (EMP). The function of the EMP is to enable the project proponent (PGCB) to show the DoE how it will deliver the environmental performance assessed in the EIA (for which DoE approval is sought). The EMP describes in detail organization and management responsibilities, give details of how the mitigation measures identified in the EIA will be implemented and explains how monitoring will be carried out.
The World Bank requires Environmental Assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank support to ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making. The Bank classifies the proposed project into three major categories (namely A, B, and C), depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. The borrower is responsible for carrying out the EA and the Bank advises the borrower on the Bank' s EA requirements. The proposed TIL project is defmed as category 'A' according to WB safeguard policies (OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment).
Possession of a "clearance" from the DoE does not relieve the developer of a project from the requirement to comply with other environmental regulations. In particular, the Bangladesh National Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for industrial effluent have been set and compliance is mandatory. In addition, there are statutory instruments applicable to power development projects, which are not primarily environmental but which influence environmental impacts. Compliance with such statutory instruments is mandatory.
5
PoliCJj and Legislations
2.2 P rocedure for Obtaining Site/Environmental Clearance
2.2.1 Requirement for Initial Environment Examination (lEE) Report
All industries and projects in the Red category has to conduct lEEs which help in understanding the potential extent of environmental changes and in finding mitigation measures by considering the available information of past experience or standard operating practices. The steps for conducting lEEs are:
• Collection of baseline information in respect of the project and the environmental setting of the project and its site.
• Setting of boundaries of an lEE by identifYing the significant issues.
• Impact assessment suggesting mitigation measures, Environmental Management Plan (EMP) or alternative sites or other project modifications.
• In the event the lEE of the project or industry reveals that further investigation is to be carried out, the sponsors will have to carry out a detailed EIA.
2.2.2 Procedure
After completion of the lEE Report the project proponent should apply to ·the DOE in the prescribed format for site/ environmental clearance. The application for environmental clearance for the project classified in the Red Category should be accompanied by the following documents:
• Feasibility Study Report of the industry (project)
• lEE report • An NOC (No Objection Certificate) from the local authorities concerned
• Pollution minimization plan including emergency plan for mitigation of adverse environmental impacts
• Outline of relocation plans (where applicable)
• Other information as deemed necessary
It is also mentioned in the Environment Conservation Rules that the Director General of the Department of Environment can issue environmental clearance directly without issuing any site clearance to any industry or project if he (the Director General) finds appropriate reason for doing so.
As the proposed Construction and Extension of Grid sub-Stations Including Transmission Line Facilities falls under the "Red" category, all necessary requirement mentioned above will be adopted for the project.
2.3 Organization related with Enforcement of Environmental Standards
The roles and responsibilities of different ministries and departments related with the enforcement of environmental requirements are briefly described below:
2.3.1 Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoE F)
The Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoE F) is the key government institution in Bangladesh for all matters relating to national environmental policy and regulatory issues. Realizing the everincreasing importance of environmental issues, the MoEF was created by replacing the Ministry of Forest in 1989 and is at present a permanent member of the Executive Committee of the National Economic Council. This group is the major decision-making body for economic policy issues and is also responsible for approving all public investment projects. The MoEF oversees the activities of the following technical/implementing agencies:
6
~ Department of Environment (DoE)
~ Department ofForest (DoF)
~ Forest Industries Development Corporation (FIDC)
I Application to DoE
jJ
I For RED ca~egories
l1 The application should enclose: i. Feasibility Study (for proposed
project); ii . Initial Environmental
Examination, Impact Assessment report ;
111. Environmental Management Plan;
iv. AnNoC v. Pollution minimization plan;
vt . Outline of relocation plan etc.
Jl
Obtaining Site .Clearance
..u. Apply for Environmental Clearance
Obtainin!!: Environmental Clearance
Clearance subject to armual renewal
I
NOC No Objection Certificate, usually obtained from local government.
I
PoliClJ and Legislations
Note: I. These requirements vary from those of the DoE (1997) in requiring EMPs for proposed, as well as current,
projects.
2. Procedure of obtaining Environmental Clearance:
a) For Red Category Projects at first Location Clearance and thereafter Environmental Clearance will be granted.
The gestation period for Location Clearance is within 30 days for Orange A, and within 60 days for Orange B
and Red Category Projects.
Source: Adapted from the Environmental Guidelines for Industry (DoE, 1997)
Figure 2.1: DoE Environmental Clearance Procedures
Department of Environment (DoE)
In order to expand the scope of environmental management and to strengthen the powers for achieving it, the Government issued the Environmental Pollution Control Ordinance in 1977. The ordinance provided for the establishment of an Environmental Pollution Control Board, which was assigned with the responsibility of formulating policies and proposing measures for their implementation. In 1982, the board was renamed as the Department ofEnvironmental Pollution Control (DEPC).
7
PoliC1J and Legislations
A special presidential order again renamed the DEPC as the Department of Environment (DOE) and placed it under the newly formed Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) in 1989.
The DOE is a department of the Ministry of Environment and Forest and is headed by a Director General (DG). The DG has complete control over the DOE. The power of the DG, as given in the Act, may be outlined as follows:
• The DG has the power to close down the activities considered harmful to human life or the environment. The operator has the right to appeal and procedures are in place for this. However, if the incident is considered an emergency, there is no opportunity for appeal.
• The DG has the power to declare an area affected by pollution as an ecologically critical area. The DOE governs the type of work or process, which can take place in such an area.
• Before undertaking any new development project, the project proponent must take an Environmental Clearance from the DOE. The procedures to take such clearance are in place.
Failure to comply with any part of the Environment Conservation Act (ECA) 1995 may result in punishment to a maximum of 5 years imprisonment or a maximum fme of Tk. 100,000, or both.
Department of Forest
This Department under the Ministry of Environment and Forestry is responsible for the protection and management of all reserve forests of the country. The personnel of the department extend down to the union level in areas where there are reserve forests . It has recently started some agro forestry programs. The Forestry Department officers are also responsible for the protection of wildlife in the forests .
Related Other Organizations
There are several other organizations, which are related with certain social and environmental functions. These organizations include:
• Ministry of Land: Land Reform and Land Acquisition Directorate
• Ministry of Water Resources: Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB)
• Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock: Directorate of Fisheries
2.4 Relevant National Policies and Legislation Relevant to Environment
National Strategies, Policies, Acts and Rules related with the environment include the following:
• Environment Pollution Control Ordinance, 1977.
• Environmental Quality Standards for Bangladesh, 1991
• National Conservation Strategy (NCS) 1992
• Environmental Policy (1992)
• National Environnemental Management Action Plan (NEMAP) 1995
• Environmental Conservation Act (1995)
• Environmental Conservation Rules (1997)
The 1997 rules were formed gradually leading to the strategy that was developed in 1992. The policy was enunciated based on the strategy. The NEMAP followed the policy. The Acts and rules naturally followed the plan through legislative actions.
8
PoliClJ and Legislations
2.5 Relevant acts related with Environment
Other relevant Acts related with the environment include:
25.1 Bangladesh Wildlife Preservation Act (1973,·Amendedin1974)
The Bangladesh Wildlife (Preservation) Act of 1973 provides for the preservation, conservation and management of wildlife in Bangladesh. The earlier laws on wildlife preservation, namely, the Elephant Preservation Act 1879, the Wild Bird and Animals Protection Act 1912, and the Rhinoceros Preservation Act 1932 have been repealed and their provisions have been suitably incorporated in this law.
2.5.2 Forest Policy (1994)
The National Forest Policy of 1994 is the amended revised version of the National Forest Policy of 1977 in the light of the National Forestry Master Plan. The major target of the policy is to conserve the existing forest areas thus bringing about 20% of the count:Iy's land area· under the forestation program and increase the reserve forest land by 10% by the year 2015 through coordinated efforts of GO-NGOs and active participation of the people.
2.6 Policy Related with Energy Development
2.6.1 The Electricity Act (1910)
The Electricity Act was enacted in 1910 to amend the laws relating to the supply & use of electrical energy. Under this act, any person can get a license to supply energy and to lie down or place electric supply lines for the conveyance and transmission of energy. The licensee can open and break up the soil and pavement of any street, railway or tramway and can lay down any line or do other work near other utility services (like gas, T&T, water, Sewer, etc.), provided that prior permission is taken from the respective authority, as stated in section 12 - 18 of this Act.
According to section 19 (1) of this Act, the licensee shall make full compensation for any damage, detriment or inconvenience caused by him or by anyone employed by him.
The subsection (1) of Section 52 of the Electricity Rules, 1937 advise that the licensee should take precautions to lay down electric supply lines near or where any metallic substance or line cross.
2.6.2 Power Policy, 1995
This is presently an integral part of the National Energy Policy 1995, like the Petroleum Policy. It includes different policy statements on demand forecast, long-term planning and project implementation, investment and lending terms, fuels and technologies, power supply to the west zone, isolated and remote load centers, tariff, captive and stand by generation, system loss reduction, load management and conservation, reliability of supply, system stability, load dispatching, institutional issues, private sector participation, human resource development, regional/international cooperation, technology transfer and research program, environment policy and legal issues.
As the proposed project is a Power Transmission Project, all necessary requirements mentioned above will be adopted for the project.
2. 6.3 Energy Policy (1996)
The National Energy Policy provides for utilization of energy for sustainable economic growth and supply to different zones of the country, development of the indigenous energy sources and environmentally sounds sustainable energy development programs. The Policy highlights the importance of protecting the environment by having the requirement of an EIA for any new energy
9
PoliC1J and Legislations
development project, or the introduction of economically viable and environment friendly technologies.
2.6.4 Industrial Policy (1999)
The National Industrial Policy, 1999 aims to ensure a high rate of investment by the public and private sectors, a strong productive sector, direct foreign investment, development of labor intensive industries, introduction of new appropriate technology, women's participation, development of small and cottage industries, entrepreneurship development, high growth of export, infrastructure development and environmentally sound industrial development. WTO guidelines have been proposed to be followed in the Industrial Policy.
2.6.5 Mineral Gas Safety Rules (1991)
These Rules deal with the materials, design and construction of gas pipelines, pipeline crossings of railways, testing and commissioning, protection against corrosion, pipeline operation and maintenance, storage and distribution, and reporting of accidents. The Rules are quite prescriptive, and include stipulations as to the distances between pipelines and the public, as well as reference to American and British materials standards.
2.6.6 Petroleum Policy, 1993
The Petroleum Policy was formulated with the primary objective of promoting, monitoring, and regulating all activities in the oil and gas sector in relation to exploration, development, refming, marketing and export.
2.7 Compliance with International Requirements
Bangladesh has acceded to, ratified or signed a number of major international treaties, conventions and protocols related to environment protection and conservation of natural resources.
2. 7.1 Rio Declaration
The 1992 the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) adopted the global action Program for sustainable development called 'Rio Declaration' and 'Agenda 21'. Principle 4 of The Rio Declaration, 1992, to which Bangladesh is a signatory along with a total of
178 countries, states, "In order to achieve sustainable development, environmental protection should constitute an integral part of the development process and cannot be considered in isolation from it".
2. 7.2 Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, (1992)
The Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, 1992 was adopted on 5th June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993 . Bangladesh ratified the Convention on 20th March, 1994. This is the overarching framework for bio-diversity and the signatories are required to develop a National Bio-diversity Strategy and Action Plan that incorporates the articles of the Convention into national law and statutes.
Obligation has been placed on state parties to provide for environmental impact assessments of projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity.
2. 7.3 Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat, Ramsar (1971)
This Convention is also known as the Ramsar Convention. It was adopted on 2"d February 1971 and entered into force on 21 st December 1975. Bangladesh ratified the Convention on 20th April2002 .
10
PoliClJ and Legislations
This provides a framework for national action and international cooperation for the conser'::ation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. There are 127 parties with 1085 wetland sites designated as 'Wetlands oflntemational Importance'.
This is an intergovernmental treaty, which provides the framework for international cooperation for the conservation of wetland habitats. Obligations for Contracting Parties include the designation of wetlands to the "List of Wetlands of International Importance', the provision of wetland considerations within their national land use planning, and the creation of natural reserves.
Bangladesh has two Ramsar sites- Parts of the Sundarban Reserved Forest (southwest of Bangladesh) and Tanguar Haor (northeast of Bangladesh). The proposed Project (installation of sales gas pipeline and condensate pipeline project) will not have any effect on these two Ramsar sites.
2. 7.4 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Montague Bay, (1982)
This Convention was adopted on lOth December, 1982 at Montague Bay, Jamaica. Bangladesh has ratified this Convention.
2. 7.5 Others (Conventions and Agreements)
The following conventions and agreements include provisions relevant to different aspects of oil and gas operations for environmental management, nature protection, and biodiversity conservation:
• Convention relative to the Preservation of Fauna and Flora in t~eir Natural State 1933; International Convention for the Protection ofBirds, Paris, 1950;
• International Plant Protection Convention, Rome, 1951;
• The Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Paris, 1972 has been ratified by 175 states. This defines . and conserves the world's heritage by drawing up a list of natural and cultural sites whose outstanding values should be preserved for all humanity. Of the 730 total sites, there are currently 144 natural, 23 mixed and 563 cultural sites that have been inscribed on the World Heritage List (distributed in 125 State parties). These are the 'Jewels in the Crown' of conservation;
• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Washington, 1973 (Popularly known as CITES): This provides a framework for addressing over harvesting and exploitation patterns which threaten plant and animal species. Under CITES governments agree to prohibit or regulate trade in species which are threatened by unsustainable use patterns; and
• Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, Bonn, 1979 (Amended 1988): This provides a framework for agreements between countries important to the migration of species that are threatened.
2.8 World Bank's Environmental Safeguard Policy
2.8.1 OPIBP 4.01 Environmental Assessment
The Bank requires Environmental Assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank support to ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making. The EA is a process whose breadth, depth, and type of analysis depend on the nature, scale, and potential environmental impact of the proposed project. The EA evaluates a project's potential environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence; examines project alternatives; identifies ways of improving
11
Polic1) and Legislations
project selection, sitting, planning, design, and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts; and includes the process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughout project implementation. The EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water and land); human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples and physical cultural resources); and trans-boundary and global environmental aspects. The borrower is responsible for carrying out the EA and the Bank advises the borrower on the Bank's EA requirements.
The Bank classifies the proposed project into three major categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts.
• Category A: The proposed project is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works.
• Category B: The proposed project' s potential adverse environmental impacts on human population or environmentally important areas-including wetlands, forests, grasslands, or other natural habitats- are less adverse than those of Category "A" projects. These impacts are
site specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in most cases litigator measures can be designed more readily than Category A projects.
• Category C: The proposed project is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental
impacts.
2.8.2 OPIBP 4.04 Natural Habitats
The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protect and enhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable development. The Bank therefore supports the protection, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats and their functions in its economic and sector work, project financing, and policy dialogue. The Bank supports, and expects borrowers to apply, a precautionary approach to natural resource management to ensure opportunities for environmentally sustainable development. The Bank promotes and supports natural habitat conservation and improved land use by fmancing projects designed to integrate into national and regional development the conservation of natural habitats and the maintenance of ecological functions. Furthermore, the Bank promotes the rehabilitation of degraded natural habitats. The Bank does not support projects that involve the significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats.
2.8.3 OPIBP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources
Physical cultural resources are defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, a~sthetic, or other cultural significance. Their cultural interest may be at the local, provincial or national level, or within the international community. Physical cultural resources are important as sources of valuable scientific and historical information, as assets for economic and social development, and as integral parts of a people's cultural identity and practices. The Bank assists countries to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts on physical cultural resources from development projects that it fmances. The impacts on physical cultural resources resulting from project activities, including mitigating measures, may not contravene either the borrower's national legislation, or its obligations under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements. The borrower addresses impacts on physical cultural resources in projects proposed for Bank fmancing, as an integral part of the environmental assessment (EA) process. The following projects are classified during the environmental screening process as Category A or B, and are subject to the provisions of this policy: (a) any project involving significant excavations, demolition, movement of earth,
12
PoliC1J and Legislations
flooding, or other environmental changes; and (b) any project located in, or in the vicinity of, a physical cultural resources site recognized by the borrower. Projects specifically designed to support the management or conservation of physical cultural resources are individually reviewed, and are normally classified as Category A or B. When the project is likely to have adverse impacts on physical cultural resources, the borrower identifies appropriate measures for avoiding or mitigating these impacts as part of the EA process. These measures may range from full site protection to selective mitigation, including salvage and documentation, in cases where a portion or all of the physical cultural resources may be lost.
2.8.4 OPIBP 4.36 Forestry
The Policy envisages the protection of forests through consideration of forest-related impact of all investment operations, ensuring restrictions for operations affecting critical forest conservation areas, and improving commercial forest practice through the use of modem certification systems.
In the process of forest conservation interventions, especially the local people, the private sector and other pertinent stakeholders should be consulted.
In general, the Policy aims at reducing deforestation and enhancing the environmental and social contribution of forested areas. Experience with the Bank reveals that the Bank does not support commercial logging in primary tropical moist forest.
2.8.5 OPIBP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement
This Policy is based on assisting the displaced persons in their efforts to improve or at least restore their standards of living.
The impetus of this Policy is that development undertakings should not cause the impoverishment of the people who are within the area of influence of the undertakings. In cases where resettlement of people is inevitable, or in cases where loss of assets and impacts on the livelihood of the PAPs is experienced, a proper action plan should be undertaken to at least restore, as stated above, their standard of life prior to the undertakings.
Concerning public consultation, resettles as well as the host communities should be consulted for the successful implementation of the resettlement process. The views of the consulted resettles and the host communities should be incorporated into the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) including the list of their choices.
29 Building Construction (Amendment) Act, 1990 and Building Construction Rules '1996
The Building Construction Act dates back to the early fifties of the last century. Documents however, indicate the existence of the Government Buildings Act, 1899 that provides for the exemption from the operation of municipal building laws of certain building and lands, which are the property or in the occupation of the Government and situated within the limits of a municipality. The provisions of the Municipal Building Laws to regulate the creation, recreation, construction, alteration or maintenance of buildings within the limits of any municipality have been superseded by this Act. Subsequently, the importance the prevention of haphazard construction of buildings was felt by the East Bengal Legislative Assembly in 1952. Accordingly the "Building Construction Act, 1952" was promulgated on 21st March 1953 as the East Bengal Act ll of 1953.
The B.C. Act 1952 was conceived to enforce the activities towards streamlining the planned development and beautification program of the Government.
Since its promulgation in 1953 the Act was in force with very little or no amendment up to 1986 when a very important modification of far-reaching effect was added through proclaiming an ordinance titled, "the building Construction (Amendment) Ordinance, 1986 (Ordi No. LXXII of 1986)" by the
13
Policy and Legislations
then government. Later in 1987, the National Assembly in its session in the month of March adopted the ordinance for enactment as "The Building construction (Amendment) Act, 1987 (Act No. 12 of 1987)". The preamble to state the objectives of the amendment reveals that "although the trial court has the power to order removal of unauthorized construction after passing the order of conviction under section 12, this power has been found to be insufficient, as a criminal case can not normally be finally disposed of quickly, besides even after disposal of the criminal case by the trial court, the prosecution is lingered by way of appeals". To take steps to prevent unauthorized construction or to remove such construction, the authorized officer has been empowered through this amendment so that he/she can take necessary action in this respect without intervention of the court.
The Act was subjected to another amendment in 1990 allowing some power to the A/0 issuing limited sanction to cut or raze down any hill within the area to which this Act applies.
To support the implementation of the provisions laid down in the B.C. Act, 1952, the Government made the B.C. Rules, 1953. This was superseded by the lmarat Nirman Bidhimalas, 1984. Later in 1996 the Government framed the Imarat Nirman Bidhimala, 1996 (Building construction Rules, 1996). The rules are more comprehensive to take care of the present day circumstances and issues of building construction and other related development activities.
14
3.1 Introduction
Chapter 3
Description of the Project
The largest electricity market as well as load centre in Bangladesh is the greater Dhaka district. Dhaka being the capital city of the country attracts people for jobs, business and industries. About 50% of total generation is consumed in greater Dhaka area. Electricity demand is growing fast in Dhaka city due to the rapid development in the city. So it is necessary to build efficient & reliable power transmission system for meeting the consumer' s demand with adequacy and quality both in terms of voltage and frequency. For that reason it is planned to install several power plants in Siddhirganj Campus. The existing power evacuation facilities at Siddhirganj power station will not be adequate for evacuating all the power to be generated from the existing as well as the planned power plants at Siddhirganj area. Accordingly new transmission facilities will be necessary for evacuating generated power from Siddhirganj .
In view of that PGCB has planned to construct a 11Km long 230KV transmission line from Siddhirganj to Maniknagar along with construction of one 230/132KV AIS Substation at Siddhirganj and one 230/132KV GIS Substation at Maniknagar under the project of "Siddhirganj-Maniknagar 230KV transmission line project."
It is a fact that in the South-east part of the city, it is nearly impossible to get a right of way for constructing a new Transmission lines. Hence PGCB decided to construct the 230kV line on the same right of way of existing ·J32kV line after its dismantling. Accordingly existing 132kV HaripurMatuail - Maniknagar 132kV single circuit line was chosen for dismantling. But it was very difficult to implement this project from Siddhirganj to Konapara RoW (tower no. 01 to tower no. 22) due to dense residential area. PGCB, World Bank and the concerned stakeholders discussed the difficulties several time and tried to fmd out alternate RoW to avoid the densely populated area. An alternate RoW has been identified along the Dhaka-Narayanganj-Dernra (DND) drainage canal. It was found that most of the land through which TIL crosses is vacant public land and the DND canal as well as its adjacent area is owned by the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB). It was assumed that drawing transmission line along the DND canal could not affect significant portion of settlements since land of tower side is vacant.
Length of newly proposed RoW is estimated to be about 6.6Km (Siddhirganj-Konapara) which will start from Siddhirganj power station and join at Konapara with old Tower no. 23.
3.2 Project Components
The project has three main components which are as follows:
1. Construction of one 230/132KV AIS Substation at Siddhirganj. 2. Construction of one 230/132KV GIS Substation at Maniknagar. 3. Construction of 11Km 230KV transmission line from Siddhirganj to Maniknagar.
Relevant Diagram (attached):
a) 230kV and 132kV Grid Network ofDhaka Ring b) Route map of 6.6 km revised route from Siddirganj to Konapara of the proposed Siddhirganj
Maniknagar 230KV (11Km) transmission line.
15
Description of the Project
Description on Tower Footing:
The alignment of the proposed line will pass mainly along the DND canal owned by BWDB, fallow land and a few private lands (tower 23 to 38). The alignment has been fLXed considering these issues. The line will cross rural roads, regional highways and DND canal.
PGCB towers exist at these locations since 1969 (in that period it was called Power Development Board -PDB). A 6.4m X 6.4m area under each tower has been used by PGCB. However, PGCB is not mandated to acquire the land under Electricity Act. 1910. Private land owners have allowed PGCB to use their land for the greater public interest though the ownership of those lands has remained with the owners. PGCB will now require 6.2m x 6.2m land under (as per new design) the new tower footing, replacing the existing ones. Taking safety, stoking construction goods and pile driving into account a further around 14m X 14m area outside the tower footing has been taken temporarily as a buffer zone. Therefore, a total of 20m X 20m area will be impacted (permanent 6.2m X 6.2m and temporarily 20m X 20m- see figure).
I Present use
6.4mX 6.4m
ProQQsed
6.2mX6.2m area under
tower footing
?.Om
Figure 3.1: Sketch of Tower Footing Sites
20m
Buffer area (20m X 20m)
The area under towers (tower 23 to 38) on private farmland can be returned to its original user after the construction period. The farmlands are single crop area growing Boro (HYV). Seasonally, the lands go under water. Since land use will be temporarily disrupted, but the ownership would remain with the original owners. PGCB will pay for crop losses estimated for one cropping season in the 14m x 14m area.
3.3 Project Category
Under the criteria of the DOE the transmtsston line falls under Red Category that requires an Environmental Impact Assessment study. As per the EIA guidelines of the DOE, it is mandatory to carry out an Initial Environmental Examination (lEE) for red category projects prior to' conducting the EIA. Due to same location DoE has already exempted lEE study for the proposed project and approved the ToR for EIA study. The EIA study should prepare a detailed environmental management and monitoring plan. Noted that the proposed TIL project is defmed as category ' A' according to WB safeguard policies (OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment) .
C~GIS 16
Description of the Project
3.4 Project Location
The project is located in the eastern part of Dhaka covering Siddhirganj, Demra Upazila and Ward-30 of Dhaka City Corporation (Sabujbagh). A new transmission line will be drawn along the west bank of DND canal for the proposed Siddhirganj-Maniknagar 230KV transmission line. In this new alternative transmission line, 01 to 22 numbers of towers will be installed along the bank of the DND canal that connects Siddhirganj substation to Konapara and finally this TIL shall connect the existing Maniknagar substation with the older TIL by replacing tower nos. 23 to 41. The mauzas covered by the transmission line are given in Table 3.1 and Figure 3.2.
Table 3.1: Area covered by the Siddhirganj- Konapara TIL
Thana/Upazila Union Mauzas
Siddhirganj Siddhirganj Siddhirganj Mizmizi
Demra Siddhirganj Sinrrail Sarulia Sarulia Matuail Bax Nagar
Bamail Dhaka City Corporation (Sabujbagh) Ward -30 Ward -30
Source: EIA study, CEGIS, 2012
C~GIS 17
Description of the Project
Proposed Siddhirganj to Maniknagar 6.6 km. TIL _\
~ Legend
N Propose<~ TIL 0.5 0 0.5
- Road Kni
- Rivor C~GIS '--
Figure 3.2: Base Map of the Proposed Transmission Line
3.5 Physical Features of the Transmission Line
The major physical features of the transmission line are given in Table 3.2. The transmission line (TIL) will be double circuit, made of ACSR (Mallard) conductor materials. The line will be supported by steel towers. A picture of the proposed tower for the TIL is presented in figure 3.3. Disc type insulator
18
Description of the Project
Table 3.2: Physical features of proposed 230KV Transmission line
Sl. No. Parameters Value/Type
I Type of Transmission Line Double Circuit
2 Tower Width 12m
3. Tower Height 38m - 47m
4. Ground Clearance Minimum 10m from highest flood level.
5. Type of Line Support Steel towers
6. Conductor Material ACSR (Mallard)
7. Line Insulator Disc Type (Porcelain)
8. Type of Connection Substation to Substation.
9. Span 320m - 380m
Source: EIA study, CEGIS, 2012
3.6 Component of the Construction Works
Major Components of the Construction works are as follows:
230KV Overhead Transmission Line
• Establishment of temporary access tracks
• Clearing of ROW
• Establishment of material storage areas and work sites
• Transpmt of materials and equipment to site
• Establishment of construction can1ps for workers
• Tower erection
• Wire stringing
3.7 Construction Equipment
For this project, all the substations equipment for installation will have to be procured from foreign countries. So the utilization of domestic resources will be very limited for the project. Only local materials like bricks, sand, cement, rods, etc. will be utilized for the installation/construction work.
3.8 Work Schedule
As per original schedule the work is to be completed within September, 2012.
19
Description of the Project
Figure 3.3: Sketch of the Proposed Tower
20
~ N
~
Figure 3.4: Design of Proposed Route of Siddhirganj-Maniknagar 2301\.'V T/L
21
~ ~
0~ .......
~~-
Description of tile Project
: 74°l9'l2"LT
Chapter 4
Analysis of Suitability for Alternative Routes
In 2008, DoE has given environmental clearance of the Siddhirganj-Maniknagar 230KV line to start the implementation. work after submitting the EIA and the SIA report. But it was very difficult to implement the construction work for the section from Siddhirganj to Konapara RoW (tower nos. I to tower nos. 22) due to dense residential area. To solve the problem, an alternate RoW has been identified along the Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra (DND) drainage canal. It was found in the study that most of the land along the TIL crosses is unused public land owned by the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) and the DND canal. Thus, fmally PGCB intended to change the line alongside the DND canal. Length of the newly proposed RoW is estimated to be about 6.6Km which will start from Siddhirganj power station and join at Konabari with old tower no 23. Emphasis is given mostly on the newly proposed ROW (tower nos. 1 to tower nos. 22) as the rest$ (tower 23 to 38) are already approved.
4.1 Alignment Selection Factors
Alignment should be preferred ensuring minimum damage and enhance maximum benefit. The following criteria however, were considered for selecting the alignment of the route:
• Fallow land;
• Land which is characterized by less terrestrial resources;
• Least disturbance of aquatic and terrestrial fauna;
• A void settlement areas as much as possible;
• A void urban areas as much as possible;
• Consider general impact area of both left and right side.
4.2 Alignment Suitability Analysis
Three possible routes were considered for selecting the most suitable route. These routes were selected through consultation with PGCB officials, local stakeholders, analyzing maps and satellite images. The three possible transmission routes analyzed for the suitability are:
1. Route option #1
ii. Route option #2
m. Route option #3
All the towers locations are on land.
Tower locations are within the DND canal (except tower no. I and 2).
Tower locations are both on the Bank of the DND canal and unused land of Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB).
4.2.1 Route Option# 1 (All the towers locations are on land)
Route option-1 was suggested basically on the land of the left side ofDND canal (Figure 4.I) which are mostly private and public properties (owned by BWDB). The first and the second towers would be located on the lands presently used by PGCB. It would cross a huge number of settlements, terrestrial and other aquatic resources along its RoW. Besides RoW, it would impact many settlements and environmental components in both side of TIL which is termed as General Impact Area (GIA).
23
Analysis of Suitabilihj for Alternative Routes
Installation of T/L through this route encompasses notable impacts on settlement and environment. There are almost 38 trees of different varieties with maximum height of 12 Meter in the tower sites. Those trees must be needed to cut down for installation of the towers. In addition, there are almost 235 number of trees with different height are directly beneath the transmission line (Route option 1), however, branches of some trees also required to be cut down to facilitate the installation.
Table 4.1: Available Trees Through the Option-1
Tower site Beneath the Transmission line Types of trees
Nos. Average Height (Meter) Nos. Average Height (Meter)
Mango tree 5 9 26 4
Coconut 4 9 - -Rain tree 8 9 37 9
Banana 7 3 100 4
Tal tree 5 6 5 6
Korai 6 7 11 9
Banyan 3 12 1 9
Khejur - 3 3
Jackfruit - - 21 8 Mehogony - - 30 9
Shimul - - 1 9
Jam - - - 1
Total 38 - 235 -Source: EIA study, CEGIS, 2012
4.2.2 Route Option # 2 (Tower locations are within the DND canal)
Option-2 is suggested basically within the DND canal (except tower no. 1 and 2). This option does not hamper significant number of settlements and terrestrial resources. However, the towers of this option eventually impede the natural water flow of the canal and may leads to partial drainage congestion. The following table (Table 4.2) implies that there are 1 Mango and 1 Rain trees in the tower sites whereas 1 Jackfruit and !Mango trees are directly beneath the transmission line. Although it has trivial impacts on floral life but bears immense impacts on aquatic life. Moreover, it will demand a huge cost.
Table 4.2: Available Trees Through the Option-2
Tower site Beneath the Transmission line Types of trees
Nos. Average Height{Meter) Nos. Average Height (Meter) Mango tree 1 5 1 4
Rain tree 1 3 1 3
Total 2 - 2 -Source: EIA study, CEGIS, 2012
24
Analysis of Suitability for A ltemative Routes
Proposed Right of way for Siddhirganj-Maniknagar 230 KV. T/L in new 6.6 km route from Siddhirganj to Konapara (Option-1,2,3)
T-5
Private Land Densely PopUated Anla
Private Land Densely Populated Area
1 _ T T-1
~ ~
Private land Densely Populated Area
Figure 4.1: Route Options
25
tiJ
Analysis of Suitability for A lternative Routes
4.2.3 Route Option # 3 (Tower Locations are both on the Bank of the DND canal and unused land of BWDB)
Option-3 is suggested along the bank of DND canal (Figure-4.1) and the 1st to 2"d towers are same as the option 1. This option comprises both land and canal. Most of the tower passes within the DND canal and on land (Tower no. 1 to 2 and 11 to 18) which are public land. Tower 1 and 2 will be installed on the land that is already used by PGCB. The rests are passing through the canal; they remain closer at the canal bank. Tower no. 5 to 8 will be erected on the left (West) bank and the tower no 9 and 10 will be erected on the right (East) bank to bypass a foot over bridge on Dhaka-Chittagong road.
The following table (Table 4.3) implies that there are 15 trees of different varieties are available in the tower sites and 96 trees in directly beneath the transmission line with different height. However, this option will not crosses the significant numbers of settlements rather most of the land of RoW is fallow possessed by BWDB. Transmission line through this option will not affect the environmental components significantly since most of the land is fallow and the terrestrial lives which are directly beneath the transmission .line are not required to be cut down.
Table 4.3: Available Trees Through the Option-3
Tower site In between Tower Types of trees
Nos. Average Height (Meter) Nos. Avera~e Hei~ht (Meter) -Jackfruit 1 6 5 6
Tal tree 4 3 - -Coconut tree 3 6 - -Rain tree 7 6 4 6
Mango tree - - 37 5
Banana tree - - 50 5
Total 15 - 96 -Note: Minimum ground clearance for the transmission line is lO Meter. The maximum height of the trees in between towers for the third option is 6 meter which is in the acceptable range and will not be affected by the transmission line.
Source: EIA study, CEGIS, 2012
4.3 Alternative Consideration
Table 4.4: Comparative Portrait of Proposed Three Alternative Route Options
Tower Route option 1: All the Route option 2: AU the Route option 3: Tower
IDs towers location are on the towers location are within locations are both on the bank of the DND canal the DND canal Bank and in the DND canal
Number Description Number Description Number Description
. of PAPs of PAPs of PAPs 1 to 2 1 • land owned 1 • land 1 • land
by PGCB owned by owned by PGCB PGCB
5 to 10 7 • Private land 0 • DND 2 • DND canal and highly canal and public
dense land
26
Description of Environmental Baseline
Tower Route option 1: All the Route option .2: All the Route option 3: Tower IDs towers location are on,the towers location are within locations are both on the
bank of the DND canal the DND canal Bank and in the DND canal Number Description Number Description Number Description of PAPs of PAPs of PAPs
settlement 11 to 5 • Private land 0 • DND 2 • Public land
18 • Fallow land canal • Few • Small local • Cage temporary
fish ponds fisheries sheds • Derelict
ponds • Bushes • Temporary
sheds 19 to 6 • Public land 0 • DND 0 • DND canal 22 • Private land canal
and highly dense settlement
Total 19 1 5
Source: EIA study, CEGIS, 2012
Table 4.5: Analysis of Suitability in Point of Feasibility Assessment
Issue Option #1 Option#2 Optioo#3 • Easier construction • Special foundation for • Relatively Constructability
water compatible • Easier tower construction
erection • Construction is complex
• Most technically • Least technically • More technically Technical compatibility compatible compatible compatible
Effect on traffic • Maximum road • No road traffic movement • No disturbance in
movement traffic movement disturbance road and water disturbance way transport
• Water way transport/ activities will be disturbed
• Least maintenance is • Maximum maintenance is • Moderate Maintenance required required maintenance is
Easy to maintain Hard to maintain required
• •
• · Minimum • More (special foundation as • Moderate Construction cost
well as extra earth filling on construction cost temporary basis will be required for all towers)
27
Description of Environmental Baseline
-Issue Option #1 Option#2 Option#3
• More tees would be • More aquatic plants will be • Minimum impact Environmental Impact needed to uproot uprooted on flora and fauna
• More dust and • Turbidity will increase sound pollution near settlement • Habitat loss for aquatic
plants and animals • More chances to
accidental damage • More threat to aquatic diversity
• Threat to aquatic ecosystem
. Resettlement of • Not needed • Not needed Resettlement
around 20 families and shops
• A number of houses, • Very negligible • Few small trees Obstacle under the RoW of DIA shops, long trees, and herbs.
fishing ponds, etc.
• No disturbance • Maximum among the three • Negligible Water flow in the Canal options
• Maximum • Moderate • Minimum Requirement of RightofWay compensation
• Not recommended • Not recommended • Recommended Implementation recommendation
Source: EIA study, CEGIS, 2012
After analyzing the three possible options (considering table 4.4 and 4.5), it is found that option-3 is more suitable since it bears less environmental impacts than other options. Thus option-3 is suggested to be selected as the final alternative route for installation of the section (Siddhirganj-Konapara) of Siddhirganj-Maniknagar 230KV transmission line.
It will be convenient to explore the suitability of newly proposed RoW by comparison with old RoW the route of Haripur-Matuail-Maniknagar 132KV single circuit line as shown in figure 4.1. It is observed that the old RoW bears huge number of settlements and terrestrial and other aquatic resources whereas the newly proposed alternative option (option-3) bears trivial natural resources through the RoW. Field findings show that most of the land of RoW is fallow public land and owned by BWDB. Thus this option is more feasible both in terms of environmental and socio-economic aspects.
4.4 Alignment Suitability in GIS based Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS)
The following map shows the alternative three routes for T/L to be installed (Figure 4.2). Here option-2 crosses many settlements and establishments; option-3 runs alongside the bank of the DND canal as well as within DND canal and option- I crosses within the DND canal. So, it is obvious that option-3 is more suitable for construction of the TIL.
28
Description of Environmental Baseline
29
Proposed Three Alternative Options Slddhlrganj to Manlknagar 6.6 km. TIL
Legend
--Opdon-1
Opdon-2
-~
-- Road
- River
Description of Environmental Baseline
0.5 0.5 ~~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Km
C~GIS
Figure 4.2: Three Alternate Options for Siddhirganj-Konapara 230KV 6.6Km TIL
30
Chapter 5
Description of Environmental Baseline
5.1 Land Use
The major land use of the newly proposed 6.6Km RoW of Siddhirganj-Maniknagar 230KV TIL is fallow land along the DND canal up to Konapara area and rest 4.4Km RoW is single cropped land and seasonal floodplain near Maniknagar end. The RoW near Siddhirganj is crossing major two roads i.e. Demra-Narayanganj road and Dhaka Chittagaon road. Near Konapara the RoW is crossing DemraJatrabari road. In the Maniknagar end, the low lying area is dominant where only Boro (HYV) crop is cultivated during dry season. In the monsoon period the area is inundated by seasonal flood water.
5.2 Atmosphere and Water Resources
5.2.1 Climate
The alignment of the Siddhirganj - Konapara transmission line is under the greater Dhaka district, where the typical monsoon climate prevails. There are three main seasons: Summer (March to May), Rainy season/Monsoon (June to October) and winter season (November to February). The rainy season is hot and humid having about 85 percent of the annual rainfall. The winter is predominately cool with comparatively low humidity. The summer is hot and characterized by occasional heavy rainfall. Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) is the source of the analyzed data and last available 10 years data is analyzed to generate the result.
Rainfall
The proposed line lies in the catchment of the Dhaka and Narayanganj meteorological substations. The Dhaka station has been considered for Rainfall data analysis. Data from 2001 to 2011 has been used for the analysis and the data source is Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD). The annual average rainfall in this area is about 2161 mm/yr. The monthly average maximum rainfall was recorded as 433 mm in the month ofJuly and the monsoon rainfall was about 1742 mm (figure 5.1). Maximum rainfall in a single day is found 333 mm in September and maximum average rainy days in a month is found 24 in June (Figure 5.2 and 5.3).
Monthly Average Rainfall (Dhaka Station. 2001 to 2011 )
500 450 400
~ 350 .... ~ .iOO ..:::. - 250 ~ .5 200 "' ~ 1:50
100
50 0
Summer Monsoon Winter
Figure 5.1: Monthly Average Rainfall of Last Ten Years (Source: BMD, 2001 to 2011)
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Description of Environmental Baseline
MruillmunRrunfall inn dey (Dhnko St::tion, 2001 to ::w 11)
350
300
250 -;::;-8 200 ..;:::..
~ 150 ·;;; ~
100
50
0
Sunuuer l\1onsoon Winter
Figure 5.2: Maximum Rainfall in a day in ofLast Ten Years (Source: BMD, 2001 to 2011)
Monthly Average l<.ainy days (Dhaka Station. 200 I to 20 II )
2S
20
Vl
15 >-ro 0 :;;..
.£ ro 10 0:::
5
0
:. mmer Vlonsoon w nter
Figure 5.3: Monthly Average Rainy days of Last Ten Years (Source: BMD, 2001 to 2011)
Temperature
The Dhaka station has been considered for Temperature data analysis. The Bangladesh meteorological data at the Dhaka station from 2001 to 2011 shows that the monthly average maximum temperature in months varies from 24°C to 34°C while the maximum temperature occurring over the months of March to May is around 34°C. The monthly average temperature varies from 19 °C to 29°C. The monthly minimum temperature ranges from 13°C to 26°C and the minimum temperature (December to January) is around 13°C (Figure 5.4).
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Description of Environmental Baseline
Monthly Average Temperature (Dhaka Station, 200 1 to 2011 )
40 .--------------------------------------------
35 ~~~;:::::::~~:;~~~~~~======~~ r 30 + ~ 25 +-~~~--.-~~==~==~==~--~~~~~~~~~a zo +-._----------------------------~~--~~~~---b 15 ~ +-------------------------------------~~~~~-
5 10 +------------------------------------------------~ 5 +------------------------------------------------
0 +---.---,--,---,---.--,---,---,--,,--,------~
Feb
Stunner Monsoon 'Vinter
- Maximum - Average -.-Minimum
Figure 5.4: Monthly Average Temperature Last Ten Years (Source: BMD, 2001 to 2011)
Relative Humidity
The Dhaka station has been considered for Relative Humidity data analysis. The monthly average relative humidity varies from 60% to 81% in last ten years (2001 to 2011). In the Summer, Average relative humidity varies from 60% to 72%, in the Monsoon, 81% to 71% and in the Winter, it again decreases up to 71% to 60% (figure 5.5). Due to high level of humidity, the Monsoon, more sweating occures.
Monthly Average Hmnidity (Dhnka. Station. 200 I to 20 11 )
60 rc;-~ 50 .c.-;a 40 · ;::~ ,.... = ~ 30 .,
20 Of)
"' 0 10 >
<t:: >. 0 ~
-=:! § :2:
Stunner Monsoon Winter
-e-Average ---....-- Minimum
Figure 5.5: Average and Minimum Humidity (Source: BMD, 2001 to 2011)
Evaporation
The monthly average evaporation in this area is 18 mm/day and the maximum evaporation occurs in the summer season of last ten years (2001 to 2010) for the Dhaka station (Source BMD). The maximum evaporation is 25 mm/day, which occurs in the month of April. The minimum evaporation is 11 mm/day in the month of January (figure 5.6).
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Description of Environmental Baseline
Monthly Average Evaporation (Dhaka Station .. 2001 to ~0 11 )
8 30 ,--------------------------------------------
-~ 25 -1----::;;·----------------------g. ~ 20 +-------~~~~~~~-----------
~ 15 +----------------~~----~~-
~ 10 +-------------------------.b £ 5 +-------------------------= 0
~ 0 +-~~~--~--r--.---r--~--~~--~-----. Feb
Stunner Monsoon Winter
Figure 5.6: Monthly Average Evaporation of Last Ten Years (Source: BMD, 2001 to 2011)
Wind Speed
The average wind speed becomes high in the monsoon season and low in the dry season · for last ten years (200 I to 2010, Source BMD). The monthly average wind speed is 2.4Km/day in the Summer, 3.5Km/hr in the Monsoon and 2.9Km/hr in Winter (Figure 5.7). The maximum wind speed occurs in July to September.
Monthly Avemge Wind Speed (Dllaka Station.. 2001 to 2011 )
;::; 4.5
~ 4
g 3.5 "0 3 cu <I)
0. 2.5 <>'}
""' 2 .8
..,.- ---.. ~ -- ~
/ . ......__ -oW'
~ 1.5 .., or, 1 ~
io 0.5 > ~
0 ~ -:;:j
§ ~
Mar I Apr I May Jun I Jul I Aug I Sep I Oct Nov I Dec I Jan I Fd>
Suunut:i· Mousoou \ 'Viult:r
Figure 5.7: Monthly Average Wind Speed of Last Ten Years (Source: BMD, 2001 to 2011)
5.2.2 Water Levell Flooding
The proposed Siddhirganj - Maniknagar 230KV transmission line does not cross any perennial river on its way. But one natural channel crosses the line in Siddhirganj Union and another channel crosses just west of the Maniknagar substation. The transmission line crosses the DND embankment in two places and the canal near the Siddhirganj substation and at Bam ail Mauza of Sarulia Union. This canal is used for irrigation and small country boat navigation. The northern part of the DND embankment is a very low-lying land but it is protected. Flood occurs here mainly due to drainage congestion from
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Description of Environmental Baseline
excess rainfall. The southern part of the embankment is unprotected and becomes inundated by the river Lakhya, particularly the area outside the embankment, which goes under water.
Along the alignment from Siddhirganj to Konapara, there are a few permanent ponds and seasonal water bodies. During dry season the seasonal water bodies remain fully dry and in the monsoon they are filled by seasonal rainfall and flood water from Lakhya River. The status of the ponds and water bodies are shown in table 5.1 below. ·
Table 5.1: Number of Ponds and Water Bodies along the Transmission Line
Mauza Union Upazila Within 20m Within 80m without
Remarks Alignment 20m ofDIA
siddhirganj Siddhirganj Siddhirganj
0 6 Canal Crosses Sadar
Matuail Matuail Demra Whole Area Under Water Approx. 5 Meter Deep Kajla Matuail Demra - - Seasonal Water Bodies Manda Takipara Demra Whole Area Under Water Approx. 7 Meter Deep Maniknagar Ward no-30 Dhaka - - Seasonal Water Bodies
Source: EIA study, CEGIS, 201 2
However, the existing pond/water bodies will not be affected since these are located in between the transmission line.
5.2.3 Air Quality
The main concern is suspended particulate matter (SPM) during the pre-construction and construction periods. The solid dust particles would come from the earth works on site. There is no record of '!-ir quality in the project site. So the level of air quality during project implementation cannot be predicted.
As there will not be any huge earthwork, particulate matter emission due to project intervention will be insignificant. The only possible source will be from the transportation of material by vehicles.
However, the standards of ambient air quality should be maintained at the project site. The standards of air quality are given in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2: Standards of Ambient Air Quality
Area Categories Concentration of micrograms per meter cube
SPM so2 co NOx
A Industry 500 120 5000 100
B Commercial 400 100 5000 100
c Residential and rural area 200 80 2000 80
D Sensitive 100 30 1000 30
Source: Environmental Conservation Rules, DoE, 1997
Heat from the electromagnetic fields produced from the high voltage transmission line could have biological effects. To date, no adverse health and biological effects from low level, long-term exposure to power frequency fields have been confmned. So heat from the transmission line will not be a great concern of this project.
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Description of Environmental Baseline
5.2.4 Ambient Noise
Since the transmission line will be drawn overhead, there may be a negligible increase in noise pollution during the transport of material. So precaution should be taken to minimize the noise level. However, the standard values for noise as per the EQS of Bangladesh as shown in the following table 5.3 should be maintained.
Table 5.3: Standards of Noise Quality for the Bangladesh
Area Categories Standard value (dBa)
Day Night
A Quiet place (hospitals, educations institute, etc.) 45 35
B Areas which are used mainly residential purpose 50 40
c Areas which are used residential also commercial 60 50
D Commercial 70 60
E Industry 75 70
Source: Environmental Conservation Rules, DoE, 1997
5.2.5 Water Quality
Water quality can be impacted not only by work within a lake or river but also by nearby clearing and .construction activities. The removal of adjacent vegetation can cause water temperatures to rise and negatively affect aquatic habitats. It can also increase erosion of adjacent soils causing sediment to be deposited into the water body, especially during rain events. Construction often requires the building of temporary bridges across small channels, which if improperly installed may damage banks and cause erosion. Overhead transmission lines across major rivers, streams, or lakes may have a visual impact on the users and pose a potential collision hazard for waterfowl and other large birds, especially when located in a migratory corridor. So that construction and operation of a transmission line across these resources may have both short-term and long-term effects.
Impacts transmission line on DND canal
The low-lying areas of the project site are used for wastewater disposal from industries and the Saidabad surface water treatment plant. However, the water quality has no significant impact on the power transmission line, as the towers are installed alongside of the DND canal. The status (availability and color) of water of the DND canal area is presented in figures 5.7 and 5.8 on the basis of project location through which the transmission line passes. In the picture, water has been collected for laboratory test. The sample water was tested in the Environmental Engineering Laboratory of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET). The test result is presented in the following in detail manner (Test result is attached in Annex-3).
A. Physical and aggregate properties
This table representing physical and aggregate properties and its present concentration in the DND water body. Changing of these parameters in concentration will change the physical condition of water quality that affects the aquatic life present there.
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Description of Environmental Baseline
Table 5.4: Test Result of Physical and Aggregate Properties
.Parameter Unit Concentration present Mean value of Waste Quality present Standards for
Siddhir Mizmizi Sarulia Rashulbag concentration Discharge
~"' gonj Points and
Ptojects pH - 7.2 7.63 7.52 7.54 7.47 6.5-9.0 EC pS/cm 766 680 738 926 1200
Turbidity NTU 150 129 92.6 64.9 109.12 NTU 8 for background
levels TDS mg/1 456 379 414 555 451 mg!L 2100 TSS mg/1 232 187 113 83 154 mg/L 150
Source: EIA study, CEGIS, 2012
pH: pH is a measure ofthe acidic or basic (alkaline) nature of water. A pH range of6.0 to 9.0 appears to provide protection for the life of freshwater fish and bottom dwelling invertebrates. In this case the present concentration has found in the DND canal is 7.2, 7.63, 7.52 and 7.54 of four sampling points of Siddhirgonj, Mizmizi, Sarulia and Rashulbag respectfully. The mean value of these four sampling points is also within the DoE range (6.5 to 9.0). So, the DND canal is environmentally fit for the present concentration of pH value till now if in future the concentration will not be affected after construction for its long term activities.
Electrical Conductivity (EC): Lakes, rivers, oceans, and underground aquifers are typically good conductors because they contain dissolved salts and minerals. Changes in the conductivity of a body of water are often used to indicate an environmental event. Electrical Conductivity (EC) of four sampling points is 766 (Siddhirgonj), 680 (Mizmiz), 738 (Sarulia) and 926 (Rashulbag) pS/cm. The standard value of EC is 1200 pS/cm (Waste Quality Standards for Discharge Points and Projects). The present situation ofEC in this water body looks like normal compare to standard value (1200 pS/cm) where the mean value (777.5 pS/cm) is also less than the standard value. During and after construction period it may increase the value of EC due to dissolved salts and minerals from the erosion points but there is also a possibility of reducing the EC of water by mixing in1purities from the construction period. So, the EC will not be so much affected by the construction of transmission line along the DND canal as the current situation is still good proven by the EC test result from BUET laboratory.
Turbidity: Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of water- the cloudier the water, the greater the turbidity. Turbidity in water is caused by suspended matter such as clay, silt, and organic matter and by plankton and other microscopic organisms that interfere with the passage of light through the water. Turbidity is closely related to total suspended solids (TSS), but also includes plankton and other organisms. Turbidity itself is not a major health concern, but high turbidity can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. It also may indicate the presence of microbes. In this case the highest turbidity is found 150 NTU (Siddhirgonj) and the lowest is 64.9 NTU (Rashulbagh) of the four points ofDND canal. The rest two are 129 NTU and 92.6 NTU at the point of Mizmizi and Sarulia. Now, from the present concentration it can be assumed that all of the sampling points are representing the much more turbidity level rather than the standard value of 8 NTU., For sediment inputs that last between 24 hours and 30 days the mean turbidity should not exceed background by more than 2 NTU.
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Description of Environmental Baseline
Construction of transmission line along the DND canal may contribute to the vegetation destruction, canal side erosion, surface runoff, decaying plants in water and algal blooms to the existing water body. Though the water body is a stagnant condition then turbidity level may increase by the following reasons and harms to aquatic life.
Factors that affect turbidity level ofDND canal through the construction of transmission line:
Soil Erosion
Soil erosion will caused by disturbance of a land surface during the construction of transmission line and sediments/particles contributes to the water body by surface and urban runoff. This will increase the turbidity of the water body more than the present mean value of 100 NTU. The erosion can continue for a short period after construction of transmission line if the management is not so much effective and satisfactory.
Decaying Plants and Animals As plants and animals coming through the vegetation destruction and disposal into the water body die and decay, suspended organic particles are released and can contribute to increase turbidity level.
Algal Blooms Algal blooms can contribute to turbidity. Algal production is enhanced when nutrients are released from bottom sediments during seasonal turnovers and changes in water current produced by the installation of transmission line.
TDS: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is a measure of the combined content of all inorganic and organic substances contained in a liquid in: molecular, ionized or micro-granular (colloidal sol) suspended form. Total dissolved solids are normally discussed only for freshwater systems, as salinity comprises some of the ions constituting the defmition of TDS. The principal application of TDS is in the study of water quality for streams, rivers and lakes, although TDS is not generally considered a primary . pollutant (e.g. it is not deemed to be associated with health effects) it is used as an indication of aesthetic characteristics of drinking water and as an aggregate indicator of the presence of a broad array of chemical contaminants. Total 456 mg!L, 379 mg/L, 414 mg!L and 555 mg!L of TDS are present at the point of Siddhirgonj, Mizmiz, Sarulia and Rashulbag respectfully. The mean value of present concentration is 451 mg!L where the standard value of waste water disposal in surface water for projects is 2100 mg/L.
So, the present value of TDS will not be problematic to the aquatic life of DND canal as the water quality standards for TDS is lower than standard value. During and after construction of the transmission line the water body can be harmed/affected by a very few percent of TDS in surface water ofDND canal are-
o Soil erosion and o Decaying plants in water body.
TSS: Total Suspended Solids (TSS) is solids in water that can be trapped by a filter. TSS can include a wide variety of material, such as silt, decaying plant and animal matter, industrial wastes, and sewage. High concentrations of suspended solids can cause many problems for stream health and aquatic life. In the DND canal present concentration of TSS are 232, 187, 113 and 83 mg!L at the point of Siddhirgonj,
39
Description of Environmental Baseline
Mizmiz, Sarulia and Rashulbag respectfully that crosses the standard value of 150 mg!L at least three points of DND canal. The value (83 mg/L) of Rashulbag is within the range of standard value (150 mg!L).
Finally, the TSS value of DND canal remains in the marginal level of standard value till now but due to the construction of transmission line along the DND canal it will affects the following factors that contribute to amplifY the TSS range.
Soil Erosion
Soil erosion is caused by disturbance of a land surface. Soil erosion can be caused by construction of
pillar, logging, and destruction of vegetation on the DND embankment area. The eroded soil particles can be carried out by storm water to surface water. This will increase the TSS of the water body.
Urban Runoff
During storm events, soil particles and debris from streets and exposed soil areas can be washed into streams. Sediment is carried out through urban runoff from the exposed area done by the construction activities directly to the canal.
Decaying Plants and Animals
As plants and animals decay, suspended organic particles are released and can contribute to the TSS concentration.
B. Aggregate organic constituents
Table 5.5: Test Result of Aggregate Organic Constituents
Parameters Unit Concentration present Mean Waste Quality
value Standards for Siddhirg Mizmizi Sarulia Rashul Discharge Points onj bag and Projects
COD mg/1 319 92 135 76 180.5 200 BOD mg/1 56 15 24 13 56.25 50
Source: EIAstudy, CEGIS, 2012
COD
In aquatic life Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is one of the key indicators for waste water quality measurement which is a measure of the oxygen required to chemically oxidize all organic and inorganic compounds present in water. In the DND canal at present the maximum COD concentration is 319 mg!L (Siddhirgonj) and minimum is 92 mg!L (Mizmiz). The mean value of these four points is 180.5 mg!L which is still less than the surface waste water standard (200 mg!L). COD concentration of 135 and 176 mg!L have found at Sarulia and Rashulbag respectively. Only the first point (Siddhirgonj) symbolizes little bit more concentration than the standard value. It means that water in the DND canal does not contain so much organic and inorganic compounds to be decomposed at this moment.
Hence the construction of pillar and transmission line will not affect so much to the concentration of COD in the DND canal as the work is not so much involved with the organic and inorganic constituents directly.
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Description of Environmental Baseline
BOD
On the other hand BOD5 (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) is the amount of oxygen required by
microorganisms to decompose aerobically the organic substances contained in water. A high BOD is an indication of abundant organic content in water originating by untreated sewage by industrial and municipal units. From the tests results it is shown that in the DND canal only two points (Siddhirgonj
and Rashulbag) out of four contain high BOD rather than the standard value 50 mg!L. The rest of the two are below the standard value. But the mean value (56.25 mg!L) is approximately same to the
standard value of BOD. The construction of transmission line along the canal side is not so much involved with the generation of organic materials to the water except vegetables garbage from the
construction and road side of DND canal. It means that still the DND canal water is containing the
required amount of DO for the inland surface water till now if there is no other disturbance from industrial site vastly. Optimum DO will not affect the aquatic life of the canal.
In additional, the related parameters will be tested timely during and after the construction task for the proper monitoring ofDND canal water to remain ambient water quality for the aquatic life of the water body and to find out the damage caused by the contraction activities.
C. Inorganic non metallic constituents
Table 5.6: Test Result oflnorganic Non-metallic Constituents
.. Concentration present Mean Acceptable Parameters Unit
Siddhirgonj Mizmizi Sarulia Rashulbag value limit in mg/L
based on DoE, 1991 standards
N03-N mg/1 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.28 mg/L 0-1.50 P04 mg/1 1.263 <MDL 0.041 0.306 0.58mg!L 0-0.01
NHrN mg/1 1.13 0.4 0.372 0.821 0.68 mg!L 0-10 DO mg/1 3.08 5.1 4.58 8.17 5.23 mg!L > 3
Source: EIA study, CEGIS, 2012
Nitrate (N03) is highly soluble (dissolves easily) in water and is stable over a wide range of environmental conditions. It is easily transported in streams and groundwater. Nitrates feed plankton (microscopic plants and animals that live in water), aquatic plants, and algae, which are then eaten by fish. Excessive concentrations of nitrate can be harmful to humans and wildlife. Nitrate is of most concern for humans. High concentrations of nitrate can produce "brown blood disease" in fish. Brown blood cannot carry sufficient amounts of oxygen, and affected fish can suffocate despite adequate oxygen concentration in the water. This accounts for the gasping behavior often observed in fish with
brown blood disease, even when oxygen levels are relatively high.
But the consequences of the DND canal are not like that of excess nitrate nitrogen present there. Four
sampling points indicate that the NOrN level of this water body is less than the standard value (0.0-
1.5 mg!L). The mean value of four points is also lower than the standard value ofN03-N according to
the DoE, 1991.
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Description of Environmental Baseline
So, there is no active factor that affects nitrate nitrogen in the DND water body in this present situation.
Ortho Phosphates Phosphorus in aquatic systems occurs in three forms: inorganic phosphorus, particulate organic phosphorus, and dissolved (soluble) organic phosphorus. Aquatic plants require inorganic phosphate for nutrition, typically in the form of orthophosphate ions (POl} This is the most significant form of inorganic phosphorus, and is the only form of soluble inorganic phosphorus directly utilized by aquatic biota. This form of phosphate is transferred to consumers and decomposers as organic phosphate. Most of the phosphorus (up to 95%) in fresh water occurs as organic phosphates, cellular constituents of organisms, and within or adsorbed to inorganic and dead particulate organic matter (Wetzel, 2001). This is subsequently made available for recycling via mineralization and decomposition. Present concentration of ortho-phosphate of four sampling points are 1.263, <MDL, 0.041 and 0.306 mg!L. According to the standards of DoE 1991 the acceptable limit is O.oi mg!L for the aquatic life. But here only one point is showing less than MDL of ortho-phosphate. The rest of the concentration is above the limit of 0.01 mg!L. These three concentrations will be responsible for the following types of problem into the aquatic water body ofDND canal.
0.01 - 0.03 mg!L- the level in uncontaminated lakes 0.025 - 0.1 mg!L - level at which plant growth is stimulated 0.1 mg!L - maximum acceptable to avoid accelerated eutrophication > 0.1 mg!L - accelerated growth and consequent problems
The fust response of an aquatic system to phosphorus additions is increased plant and algal productivity and biomass. Although this may be desirable in some cases, beyond a certain point, further phosphorus additions to phosphorus-limited systems can cause undesirable effects, such as:
o decrease in biodiversity and changes in dominant biota; o decline in ecologically sensitive species and increase in tolerant species; o increase in plant and animal biomass; o increase in turbidity; o increase in organic matter, leading to high sedimentation; and o anoxic conditions (Mason, 1991).
In this canal there is no chance to add phosphorous from the construction of transmission line and after complete the project. But there is phosphate concentration rich water body above the standard limit. The main reason of this pollution is the surface runoff from industrial areas and fertilizer runoff from agricultural field nearby. The above described problems will be frequent in this water body.
NH3-N Ammonia, another inorganic form of nitrogen, is the least stable form of nitrogen in water. Ammonia is easily transformed to nitrate in waters that contain oxygen and can be transformed to nitrogen gas in waters that are low in oxygen. Ammonia is found in water in two forms-the ammonium ion (NIL}, and dissolved, unionized (no electrical charge) ammonia gas (NH3). Total ammonia is the sum of ammonium and unionized ammonia. The dominant form depends on the pH and temperature of the water. The reaction between the two forms is shown by this equation:
NH3 + HzO NH/ + OR
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Description of Environmental Baseline
The form of ammonia changes easily when pH changes. As pH increases, W concentration decreases, and OR concentrations increase. This makes the equation above move left, increasing the amount of aqueous NH3. When the pH is below 8.75, NH/ predominates. At pH 9.24, about half of aqueous NH3 is transformed to NH/. Above pH 9.75, NH3 predominates (Hem, 1985). Unionized ammonia (NH3) is much more toxic to aquatic organisms than the ammonium ion (NH4 } .
The present concentration of four sampling points is 1.13, 0.4, 0.372 and 0.821 mg!L which are much more less than the standard range ofNH3-N (0.0-l 0 mg!L) and also the pH value of this water body is not higher than 9.24. So, NH3 is not dominant in the water body as it is more toxic than the ammonium ion~).
DO
Aquatic animals need dissolved oxygen (DO) to live. Fish, invertebrates, plants and aerobic bacteria all require oxygen for respiration. The amount of oxygen that can be dissolved in the water is reduced with increased temperature and by the disposal of vegetation/plants in water body. The temperature effect is compounded by the fact that living organisms increase their activity in warm water, requiring more oxygen to support their metabolism and more plants mean more decomposition will reduce the DO level in water body. Fish and invertebrates that can move will leave ·areas with low DO. The standard value for DO in water body is > 3 mg!L. the DND canal water shows that the DO levels of four sampling points are 3.08, 5.1 , 4.58 and 8.17 mg!L. The range of DO levels for aquatic life is given below-
DO levels < 3 ppm are stressful to most aquatic organisms.
DO levels < 2 ppm will not support fish DO = 5-6 ppm is required for growth and activity of most aquatic organisms.
Only the one point Rashulbag is out of range of aquatic .life standards for DO but the mean value of these four points is 5.23 mg!L which is within the required range of DO. DO parameter will not be so much affected by the activities of transmission line construction. Continuous DO monitoring will lead the ambient water quality of the water body of DND canal both during and after construction period.
D. Metal
Table 5.7: Test Result of Metal
Parame Unit Concentration present Mean Waste Quality
value Standards for ters Siddhirgonj Mizmizi Sarulia Rashulbag Discharge Points ;.
and Projects
Fe mg/1 2.6 2.6 1.6 1 01.95 2 Pb mg/1 0.022 0.027 0.021 0.023 0.024 0.1 Cr mg/1 0.007 0.011 0.004 0.011 0.008 0.1 Hg mg/1 <MDL <MDL 0.0017 0.0086 0.010 O.oi
Source: EIA study, CEG!S, 2012
Iron (Fe) Iron in water stains fixtures and may have an odor or taste. Value of 2 is acceptable for inland water surface. High values in streams may indicate contamination from landfills.
43
Description of Environmental Baseline
Iron in water has many effects on aquatic life, both good and bad. Iron (Fe) occurs naturally in water at a rate of roughly 1-3 parts per billion (ppb) in ocean water, about 1 part per million (ppm) in river water and 100ppm in groundwater. Iron comes from various minerals in the soil, which is why groundwater contains the highest iron concentrations. Iron levels in water vary depending on several factors and can affect aquatic populations, behavior and health. The concentration of iron exceeds at least two points of the four sampled sites and concentration is 2.6 mg!L where the inland standard limit is 2 mg!L. This will do harm the aquatic life of the canal. At higher levels when iron does not dissolve in water, fish and other creatures cannot process all the iron they take in from water or their food. The iron can build up in animals' internal organs, eventually killing them. Higher levels of iron in fish and aquatic plants also have negative effects on the people or creatures consuming them.
On the other side iron is vital to the life of all aquatic creatures, especially mollusks and green plants. Iron promotes enzyme growth and gives blood its red color. Iron binds to oxygen and travels with it in the blood, transporting the carbon dioxide out. Green plants use iron for nitrogen binding. Phytoplankton, some of the smallest ocean creatures, depend so heavily on iron that the amount of iron present in water limits the amount of phytoplankton that can survive. So, it will be good enough for aquatic life ifthe concentration of iron will always remain within the standard value of2 mg!L.
Pb: Lead is a bluish-white lustrous metal. It is very soft, highly malleable, ductile, and a relatively poor conductor of electricity. It is very resistant to corrosion but tarnishes upon exposure to air. Lead isotopes are the end products of each of the three series of naturally occurring radioactive elements. Lead is a soft metal that has known many applications over the years. It has been used widely since 5000 BC for application in metal products, cables and pipelines, but also in paints and pesticides. Lead is one out of four metals that have the most damaging effects on human health. It can enter the human body through uptake of food (65%), water (20%) and air (15%).
The concentration of Pb in the tested water ranges from 0.021 to 0.027 mg!L of which none of them crosses the limit of 0.1 mg!L (inland surface water standard). So, the water body is not contaminated by Cr till now. But there is a chance to be contaminated the water body if the transmission cables, pillars and other materials contain Pb supported/painted equipments. Future monitoring programme will be helpful for keeping water fresh for the aquatic life.
Cr (Hexavalent)
Chromium is a lustrous, brittle, hard metal. Its color is silver-gray and it can be highly polished. It does not tarnish in air, when heated it bums and forms the green chromic oxide. Chromium is unstable in oxygen, it immediately produces a thin oxide layer that is impermeable to oxygen and protects the metal below. The concentration of Cr in the tested water ranges from 0.007 to 0.011 mg!L of which none of them crosses the limit of 0.1 mg!L (inland surface water standard). So, the water body is not contaminated by the metal Cr till now. But during the construction period it can be contaminated if the construction material is used in metallurgy to impart corrosion resistance and a shiny fmish; as dyes and paints. So, after completion of the construction task the proper monitoring of water quality would be beneficial for the ambient aquatic life.
Hg Mercury is the only common metal which is liquid at ordinary temperatures. Mercury is sometimes called quicksilver. It is a heavy, silvery-white liquid metal. It is a rather poor conductor of heat if
44
Description of Environmental Baseline
compared with other metals but it is a fair conductor of electricity. It alloys easily with many metals, such as gold, silver and tin. Fish are organisms that absorb great amounts of methyl mercury from surface waters every day. As a consequence, methyl mercury can accumulate in fish and in the food chains that they are part of. The effects that mercury has on animals are kidneys damage, stomach disruption, damage to intestines, reproductive failure and DNA alteration.
But the concentration ofHg in the tested water ranges from below MDL to 0.087 mg!L of which none of them crosses the limit of 0.1 mg!L (inland surface water standard). So, the water body is not contaminated by Hg till now. There are a few chances to get Hg in the water body through the surface runoff from effluents of industry but it is not related with construction of transmission line along the DND canal.
E. Microbiological Test
Table 5.8: Microbiological Test Result
Para mete Unit Concentration present Mean Standard for
Siddhirgon Mizmi Sarulia Rashulba value Irrigation, r
In Frost Protection or j z g CFU/ Chemical &
lOOm I Fertilizer Application To
Crops (CFU/lOOml) Total CFU/1
600 2000 1600 0 1400 200 Coliform OOml
Source: EIA study, CEGIS, 201 2
Total coliform (TC):
The most basic test for bacterial contamination of a water supply is the test for total coliform bacteria. Total coliform counts give a general indication of the sanitary condition of a water supply. Total coliforms include bacteria that are found in the soil, in water that has been influenced by surface water and in human or animal waste . In present situation the value of total coliform of four points are determined and they are 600, 2000, 1600 and 0 CFU/lOOml. But the standard for irrigation, frost protection or chemical & fertilizer application to crops is 200CFU/100ml. So, the values of the sampled points are much more than the standard value even the mean value (1400CFU/100ml) is higher than the standard value.
The construction of transmission line is not related with the dumping of pathogen waste to the DND water body. The present value is the ultimate result of disposal of industrial, municipal and surface runoff directly to this canal. During and after construction the water body will not affected by this parameter in a countable number.
This above discussion will clarify the exact situation before and after construction of transmission line
along the DND River for the better understanding of the protection of aquatic life there.
45
Description of Environmental Baseline
Figure 5.7: Water Collection from Siddbirganj Figure 5.8: Water Collection from Mizmizi
5.2.6 Natural.Hazards
Seismicity
Bangladesh and the northeast Indian states have long been among the seismically active regions of the world, and hav~ experienced numerous large earthquakes during the past 200 years at an average rate of one in every 30 years.
The catastrophic earthquakes of 1762 and 1782 are believed to have been partially responsible for the diversion of the Old Brahmaputra River from the west of its main Aria! Khan distributaries to the present Padma channel. Similarly it may have assisted the change of the Teesta, which formerly flowed southwards down the Atrai and Punarbhaba courses to the Atrai basin to its present eastsoutheast course to the Brahmaputra-Jamuna at Ulipur. Since 1860 over 20 shallow and intermediate major earthquake epicenters have been recorded in Bangladesh and the surrounding areas.
Many people have undertaken seismo-tectonic studies in the area comprising the Indo-Burman ranges and their western extension. There is a complete list of reference on northern India in Haque (1990), which has been compiled using data from various sources. A seismicity map of Bangladesh and its adjoining areas has also been prepared by Mominuddin (1991).
Bangladesh has been classified by BGS as a country that falls into seismic zones with zone-III as the most and zone-I as the least severe.
The transmission line falls in the seismic zone-IT. As a result, the land, buildings and land-based structures for this project should be designed to withstand ground accelerations of0.05g.
Drainage congestion:
The Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra flood control, drainage and irrigation (FCDI) project was implemented in this area for intensive crop production. But, the reality was different. Due to proximate to Dhaka city and less flooding situation, huge residential areas have developed within this DND area. So, natural drainage system has hampered in this area. At present, the pump station of DND irrigation project is used to drainage out the excess rain water from the DND area. The DND caniil is now used as drainage canal during rainy season. In the rainy season, some time excess water creates huge water logging in the DND area.
46
Description of Environmental Baseline
5.3 Soil and agriculture
5.3.1 Land Use/cover
It is observed that the newly proposed 6.6krn TIL crosses alongside the DND canal. The canal side is characterized as vacant, though there are some sort of settlements and teqestrial properties but not significant in number. Most of the land of RoW are not necessarily used for cultivation and remain vacant. Thus the newly proposed TIL will not affect land use in the surroundings.
The proposed power lines include two major agro ecological regions: 19. Old Meghna Estuarine Floodplain and 28. Madhupur Tract. The former region occupies the eastern part of the project. It mainly falls under the Dhaka- Narayanganj-Demra project area. The area is smooth, almost level, with floodplain ridges and basins. Seasonal flooding is mainly kept very shallow by flood protection and drainage. The soils have dark grey topsoil. In depression, the upper part or all of the subsoil is also dark colored. In higher soils, the subsoil is generally grey brown to yellow brown. Silty soils predominate, but there are significant proportions of silty clay or clay soils in the basins.
The Madhupur region occurs on the north western side of the study areas. This region comprises terraces and valleys. The terraces are closely dissected and the valleys are broad. The terrace soils comprise a wide range of red, brown and yellow upland soils, which have in common the occurrence of the heavy Madhupur clay at less than 90 em from the surface.
5.3.2 Agriculture Resources
Agricultural land will not be affected by the installation of TIL since most of the agricultural land fall in between tower sites. In addition, the newly changed line will be drawn alongside the DND canal which are characteristically vacant, and it implies that no possible impacts will occur on agricultural land. The existing agricultural practices is presented in the table 5.6 that occurs in the north western part of the study areas, mainly on the soils of the Madhupur Tract (about 70 to 80% of the total land). These agricultural lands are used only for the single crop ofBoro in the dry season and fish farming in the monsoon season. Vegetables are grown in parts of these areas. The high yielding variety (HYV) of paddy is practiced here which includes BR Dhan 29. The average yield of this crop is about 6 to 7 tons per hectare. The farmers apply high doses of fertilizers to their crops. These crops are cultivated by tractors and irrigated by available surface water. The farmers reported that the cost of cultivation is about Tk. 4000 per 30 decimal. At present the area is seasonally flooded up to 1.5 to 2 Meter by both river and rain water.
There is no need for clearances for towers of24 to 38 since they are old line connected to Maniknagar substation. But it is assumed that agricultural land falling in between tower no 22 to 23 will not be severely affected.
Table 5.9: Present Cropping Pattern in the Tower areas
Tower_ID Kbarif-1 (March- Kharif-11 (July- Rabi %of area June) October) (November-February)
23 T.Aus Fellow Boro 100
26 Fallow Felfow Boro 100
27 Fallow Fellow Boro 100
28 Fallow Fellow Boro 100
29 Fallow Fellow Boro 100 30 Fallow Fellow Boro 100
47
Description of Environmental Baseline
Tower_ID Kharif-1 (March- Kharif-ll (July- Rabi 0/o of area June) October) (November-February)
31 Fallow Fellow Boro 100 37 Fallow Fellow Boro 100 38 Fallow Fellow Boro 100
Source: EIA study, CEGIS, 2012
5.4 Biological Resources
The ecosystems of the adjoining areas of the alignment and tower points can broadly be divided into terrestrial and aquatic system. The land along with its biotic and abiotic factors that would be exposed during the dry and wet seasons is considered as the terrestrial ecosystem. On the other hand, the wetlands that are perennial in nature are considered as the aquatic ecosystem. Seasonal water bodies carry more significance regarding aquatic flora and fauna including fishes. In the seasonal aquatic system, the floral and faunal assemblages change depending on the hydrological regime.
5.4.1 Terrestrial Ecosystem
The field investigation shows that the area along the transmission alignment and its adjoining areas are dominated by coconut (Narikel), mango (Aarn), koroi, banana (Kola), mahogany, jackfruit (kanthal), Khejur trees, etc. Ecologically important unrecognized shrubs and herbs are also found in the settlements area. The fallow lands are covered with varieties of herbs and grasses.
Table 5.10: Available Trees Alongside the TIL
Types of trees Only RoW (Nos.) Both side of RoW (Nos.)
Coconut (Cocos nucifera) 3 2 Rain tree (A lbizia saman) 11 40 Mango tree (Mangifora indica) 37 36 Banana (Musa sapientum) 50 105 Tal tree (Borassus jlabelijfer) 4 8 Karai (Albizia procera ) - 18 Banyan (Ficus bengalensis) - 2 Khejur (Phoenix sylvestris) - 6 Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophylla) 6 26 Mehogony (Swietenia mehagoni) - 30 Shirnul (Bombax ceiba) - 1 Jam (Syzi!(ium cumum) - 1 Total 111 275
Source: EIA study, CEGIS, 2012
The wildlife population of the area depends on these ecosystems like other terrains of the country. This area is a preferable habitat for the black wing kite (Kalo chiV Katua chi!), a uncommon species of bird. The wildlife of the terrestrial ecosystem includes the bird fauna as well as a small population of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians (Table 5.11).
48
Description of Environmen tal Baseline
Table 5.11: Terrestrial Wildlife of the Study Area
Local name Scientific name Habitat/feeding
Notes '
ground Mammals Chicka Suncus murinus Bush, paddy field Not threatened
Benji Herpestes auropunctatus Bush Vulnerable
Khek shial V71lpes bengalensis Bush, graveyard Endangered
Bandur Pteropus giganteus Bamboo/tree branches Endangered
Avian fauna Sada sipahi Terpsiphone paradisi Bush Vulnerable
Ghugu Streptopelia orienta/is Tree branches Vulnerable
Kak Corvus splendens Branches of tree/Bush Not threatened
Bhat shalik/myna Acridotheres tristis Branches oftreeli3ush Not threatened
Gobrey shaliklmyna Sturnus contra Branches of tree/Bush Not threatened
Fingey Dicrurus macrocercus Paddy field Not threatened
Reptiles An jon Mabuya carinata Bush Not threatened
Rakto chosha Calotes versicolor Bush Not threatened
Amphibians Kuno bang Bufo melanostictus House comer/damp Common
places
Source: EIA study, CEGIS, 2012
However, the terrestrial flora and fauna will be impacted directly by the project activities. The
construction of S/S and the transmission towers needs a lot of land that will shrink the flora and fauna habitats. Fast growing tall trees along the transmission alignments will be cleared.
5.4.2 Aquatic Ecosystem
There are moderate to deeply flooded wetlands situated near the proposed transmission alignment. During the wet season, the study area becomes flooded. In the dry season, a large portion of the land is exposed still keeping some perennial wetlands around the substation and the transmission alignment. Water bodies in the project area remains fallow and would have no significant impact on the aquatic ecosystem of the project area. The emergent vegetation that play significant role in the
wetland ecosystem of the project area is shown in table 5.12.
Table 5.12: Macrophysics of the Wetlands in the Study Area
Local name Scientific name Utilization
Shola Aeschynomene indica Fish food and fish shelter
Pata sheola Vallisneria spiralis Fish food
Panifal Trapaspp. Human consumption
Kalmi Ipomoea aquatica Human consumption, fish shelter,
Jongli dhan Hygroryza aristata Fish shelter, bird food
Jhazi Utricularia recemosa Fish food
Hydrilla Hydrilla verticil/ala Fish food
Shapla Nymphaea nouchali Human consumption
49
Description of Environmental Baseline
Local name Scientific name Utilization
Kachuripana Eichhornia crassipes Fodder
Dhol kalmi Ipomoea fistulosa Fish and wildlife shelter and fuel
Source: EIA study, CEGIS, 2012
Biologically, aquatic vegetation n~eds dry land for a certain part of the year to germinate their seeds during the pre-monsoon season. Soils of these wetland bottoms contain mainly muck, which is preferred by benthos.
The wetlands are recharged by surface water that carry sediments and nutrients in terms of plankton, benthos and nektons during the wet season and also by precipitation. These wetlands produce a large number of snails (Pita globosa), which are used as feed for duck and fish farms. Local people of the area reported that the gradual decrease in abundance of this wetland creature is causing imbalance in the ecosystem. Rapid extension of urban settlements in recent years by filling up the wetlands is posing more threat to the wetland creatures.
Shrinking of wetlands is causing a reduction of the wildlife habitats and thus the wetland dependent wild fauna especially the birds are disappearing from the area. The loss of habitats of the wetland dependent wild fauna is causing severe breakdown of the food cycle and thus arresting the functioning of the total ecosystem.
The significant impact of the malfunction of the ecosystem is the unavailability of the source of animal protein especially for the poor people and thus causing malnutrition in them. As a result, the poor people are suffering a lot from nutritional deficiency and other kinds of ailments.
Some local migratory birds i.e. lesser whistling duck etc. are occasional users of these wetlands. Among the existing birds in the area, the Black Wing Kite is considered as an uncommon species of bird. Other wild fauna like reptiles are also losing their habitats.
The project area is highly populated. The diversity of avian fauna is poor. There is no migratory bird flying route within the area, though some local resident bird species always move within the project site like other rural Bangladesh. The assemblages of the wetland dependent fauna of the study area are given in Table 5.13.
Table 5.13: Wetland Dependent Wild Fauna of the study area.
Local name Scientific name Habitatlfeeding
Notes ground
Aves
Chhoto machhranga Alcedo atthis Wetland bank Not threatened Machh khaikya Sterna aurantia Wetland Not threatened Chhoto bok Egrtta grazetta Wetland/floodplain Not threatened
Pankowri Phalcrocorax niger Wetland Not threatened
Kani bok Ardeola grayii Wetland/floodplain Not threatened
Kalo chil!Katua chil Milvus migrans Wetland/floodplain Not threatened Reptiles
Dhora shap Xenochrophis piscator Wetland bush Not threatened
Mittyashap Atretium schistosum Wetland Not threatened
Guishap Varanus bengalensis Homestead/floodplain Vulnerable Amphibians
Kola bang Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Wetland bush Not threatened
Source: EIA study, CEG1S, 2012
50
Description of Environmental Baseline
Wetlands and canals inside the DND embankment are subject to control flooding during the wet season. Because of loss of connectivity with the river, the natural fisheries and wildlife of the wetlands are decreasing day by day.
However, the aquatic flora and fauna are not subject to direct impact of the transmission line but construction of the transmission towers will have some impacts on the wetland as it would need niore space including wetlands. The direct impact of the transmission line on the bird fauna would be in the form of impediments on the smooth movement of birds. Some birds are reported to be killed by electrocution from contact with the transmission lines. These incidents cause loss to the local ecoenvironment.
5.5 Socio-economic Condition
The socio economic condition of Siddhirganj-Maniknagar TIL area are discussed and presented in Social Impact Assessment Report. There is another separate report prepared by CEGIS for Social Impact Assessment and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) study for the Siddhirganj-Maniknagar 230KV TIL project.
51
Chapter 6
Public Consultation and Disclosure
6.1 Public Consultation Methodology
According to the guidelines of the DOE and the funding agency, people' s participation in project planning and implementation phases is essential to take necessary actions for any social/ political conflicts and environmental issues. People have the right to know any information about what is going to happen in their surroundings. They must be informed about the positive and negative impacts of the proposed project.
The representatives of CEGIS informally consulted local stakeholders for information dissemination concerning probable effects (Figure 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3). The consultant and their employed enumerators investigated all the relevant matters regarding the project by arranging meetings and group discussions for people' s awareness. Local people expressed their views on the proposed project.
Two formal public consultation meetings were held respectively in Siddhirganj and Dharrnikpara (figure 6.4 and 6.5). Local stakeholders both male and female were consulted in the meetings. In addition, teachers, business man, village leaders, and local government members were consulted individually. Female heads of the households were also interviewed. The management authority of PGCB will also need to consult with the local people during the implementation period of the project.
The participant's lists both formal and informal meetings are stated in the table 5.1 to 5.3 . Generally local people are feeling timid to sign anywhere. In the public consultation meeting they also did not sign in the attendance sheets.
6.2 Summary of Consultation
Some important fmdings of the public consultation are given below.
6.2.1 Positive Perceptions
• Minimum trees will be cut in this line;
• No drainage will be hampered due to this RoW;
• The high voltage electricity transmission line will improve the electricity supply system in Dhaka city as well as study area;
• People should be considered for employment during the construction of the project for both technical and non-technical labor;
• Uninterrupted electricity supply facilities need to be extended to the villages;
• More industrialization will help local and national economic growth;
52
Public Consultation and Disclosure
Figure 6.1: Consultation at Siddhirganj Figure 6.2: Consultation at Mizmizi
Figure 6.3: Consultation at Sarulia
Figure 6.4: Public Consultation at Dharmikpara Figure 6.5: Public Consultation at Siddirganj
53
Public Consultation and Disclosure
6.2.2 Negative Perceptions
• Drainage may be hampered during construction period;
• Top soil management at tower footing sites may not be done properly by contractor;
• People did not get compensation for their land due to electricity Act 1910.
• Accidents occur every year due to the transmission line, which is low in height. Proper maintenance is required.
• During construction period, safety nets should be ensured by the implementing agencies.
6.2.3 Suggestions
• The implementation work should be done without hampering drainage system;
• Top soil management should be done properly;
• The transmission line must be shifted to a safer distance from the residential area, if possible;
• The affected people should be given adequate compensation for crops and trees if any;
• Plantation of trees would be required when cutting of trees would be essential;
• The work should be completed as quickly as possible in order to reduce the impacts of the construction work;
• Community facilities and religious sites are to be protected;
• Electricity should be made available to the people at the earliest possible opportunity.
6.3 Public Disclosure
After finalization of the EIA report, PGCB will place the report to PGCB and other relevant websites in both Bengali and English versions for comments of all stakeholders. The report also will be placed in World Bank Info Shop.
6.4 List of Participants
Table 6.1: List of the Participants in Baseline Study
.. SL.No Name Designation Mobile No. Address
1 Md. Jaynal Abedin Teacher - Mizmizi, Siddhirganj
2 Md. Babul Mia Business 01727427008 Mizmizi, Siddhirganj
3 Md. Quader Business - Hirajheel, Siddhirganj
4 Md. Sha-Alam Business 01671377706 Mizmizi, Siddhirganj
5 Md. Salim Business 01720076481 Simrail, Siddhirganj
6 Md. Abdus Sabur Khan Business - Sarulia, Siddhirganj
7 Md. Biplob Khan Business 01914013891 Sarulia Siddhirganj
8 Md. Liton Khandakar UP Member 01674085212 Sarulia Siddhirganj
9 Hazi Wajiullah Mia Business 01813717327 Purba Hazinagar, Siddhirganj
10 Md. Muslem Uddin Business 01711986518 Purba Hazinagar Siddhirganj
54
Public Consultation and Disclosure
' ~. . ~.
SL.No Name Designation Mobile No. Address ·c
11 Md. Jahangir Alam Service 01715046275 Purba Hazinagar Siddhirganj
12 Md. Monir Hossain Service 01912168536 Sarulia, Siddirganj
Table 6.2: Public Consultation: Dharmikpara, ward no.-5, Matuail, Demra
Sl Name of the participants Occupation Age Sex
1 Abdur Rashid Sarder Business 60 Male
2 Md.Mohsin Private service 35 Male
3 Mrs. Tasria Akhter Housewife 25 Female
4 Mrs. Shipra Bain Housewife 30 Female
5 Mrs. Abeda Housewife 30 Female
6 Mrs. Sumi Housewife 30 Female
7 Mrs. Bilkis Housewife 25 Female
8 Mrs. Josna Housewife 40 Female
9 Mrs. Kalpona Housewife 28 Female
10 Mrs. Rupali Housewife 26 Female
11 Mrs. Nur Banu Housewife 30 Female
12 Mrs. Amena Begum Housewife 22 Female
13 AbulKalam Driver 38 Male
14 Josim Dhali Business 37 Male
Table 6.3: Public Consultation: Siddhirganj, Narayanganj
Sl Name of the participants Occupation Age Sex
1 Mr. Mofizur Rahman Teacher 52 Male.
2 Haji Abdur Rashid Business 55 Male
3 Mrs. Parvin Housewife 30 Female
4 Mrs. Nazma " 35 Female
5 Mrs. Rokeya " 40 Female
6 Mrs. Saleha " 40 Female
7 Mrs. Nasima " 25 Female
8 Noor Mohammad Talukder Business 66 Male
9 Abdus Sattar Driver 35 Male
10 Kamal Ibn Hasan Business 42 Male
55
Public Consultation and Disclosure
Sl Name of the participants Occupation Age Sex
11 Rahamat Ali Meer Business 56 Male
12 Mrs. Ranu Begum Housewife 35 Female
13 Mrs. Sultana II 29 Female
56
Chapter 7
Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
7.1 Identification oflmportant E nvironmental Components (IECs)
Interventions are made for development but most of interventions are likely to have more or less impact on the environmental and social components. Assessment of environmental impacts involves multi-disciplinary approaches in which environmental and social components and issues likely to be impacted by the proposed interventions are taken into consideration to suggest mitigation and remedial measures. Adequate measures should be taken to alleviate the severity of the adverse impacts to a comprehensible level.
As the Siddhirganj - Konapara 230KV transmission line will be drawn overhead, the objects on the land are the major concerns. It is noteworthy that this route was selected to avoid settlements and agricultural land as much as possible. Even more, there are some agricultural lands, settlements, and trees are in between the tower sites. Consequently, some environmental components will be impacted.
A scoping process was conducted to identifY the environmental parameters likely to be impacted by project implementation. The environmental parameters cover the ecological and physico-chemical conditions of the locality.
Affected environmental components by the project activities are flora and fauna, fisheries production, wild fauna especially honey bee, butterfly, endangered species under the ecological cluster and air temperature, sound, vibration etc. Some of the components of the socio-economic cluster would be affected positively as the project would generate employment through the rejuvenation of various industries and would improve the life style in the project area. Some components would be affected negatively, such as the safety at stake; navigation, fishing activities, etc. Mitigation measures of the adversely affected parameters are discussed in the subsequent sections.
7.2 Potential E nvironmental I mpacts and M itigation Measures
Potential environmental impacts are identified and predicted for both negative and positive impacts in terms of ecological, environmental and socio-economical parameters for the pre-construction, construction, post-construction and operational phases. Assessment of impacts and possible mitigation measures are described in this section mentioning the sources and characteristics of impacts. Possible mitigation measures, where applicable, have also been suggested in the following against the relevant IECs.
Table 7.1: Potential E nvironmental I mpacts
Environ men Possible impacts tal
Pre- During construction Post-construction component
construction
Ambient air • No • Dust pollution due to removal • No significant impact
quality significant of garbage and vegetation (site
impact clearing)
• Dust pollution due heavy
construction vehicle movement.
• Smoke emission from the
58
Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
:Environmen Possible impacts tal ".
Pre- During construction Post-construction component
construction equipments (generators) and
vehicles.
Surface water • No • Interruption of natural water • Interruption of natural water
quality significant movement due to land filling. movement due to impact construction of temporary
• Turbidity will be increased due dykes within the canal unless to sand filling. the dykes are removed
• Seepage of toxic material from properly.
carried sand to the surrounding • Further contamination will water body. occur unless the sands are
removed accordingly.
Ground water • No • Ground water in shallow depth • Ground water in shallow
quality significant can be contaminated if any depth can be contaminated if impact toxic material is used in pile any toxic material is used in
construction pile construction
• Leaching from contaminated • Leaching from contaminated sands (used for land filling) sands (used for land filling) may contaminate ground water may contaminate ground in shallow depth water in shallow depth
Ambient • No • Sound pollution due to heavy • No significant impact
Sound/Noise significant construction vehicles movement
quality impact and equipments
• Pollution may occur during pile driving
Land and Soil • No • Loose oftop soil • No significant impact unless significant the construction materials are impact • Reduction of soil fertility due to removed properly
deposition of sand at tower sites and vicinity
Fisheries • No • Reduction of fish habitat • Some aquatic plants can
significant grow around the tower bases impact and add food availability for
fishes
• No significant bad impact
unless the construction
materials are removed
properly from the tower sites
situated in the canal
59
Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
E-ovironmen tal
Pre-component
construction
Flora • No
significant impact
Fauna • No
significant
impact
Construction • No
Waste significant impact
Workers' • No
health and significant
safety impact
7.2.1 Ambient Air Quality
a) During construction
Impact:
Possible impacts
I "Durin.g construction Post-construction
• Loss of both terrestrial and • Prohibition of long tree aquatic vegetation in tower sites (more than 10m) plantation clearing as well as vehicle along the RoW. movement.
• Some aquatic plants can • Few number of trees will be cut grow around the tower bases
off at tower sites
• Damage vegetation due to stringing of power cable
• Deterioration of wildlife habitat • Increase mortality risk for quality due to loss of vegetation Bats.
• Disturbance of wild life due to extra noise of construction vehicles, equipments and human movement
• Sand, bricks, concretes etc. • No significant impact if the solid wastes will be generated wastes and sands (used for from construction works land filling) are removed
properly
• Breakdown of diarrheal • Increase of accident risk diseases due to lack of safe while removing the drinking water temporary construction
materials • Risk of accident due to vehicle
movement
• Risk of accident during tower construction and pile driving
Particulate matter (dust) generated from vehicle movement, material handling and exhaust emissions from Mobil, Diesel and Gasoline-powered construction equipment.
Measure:
• Unnecessary vehicle movement should be avoided • Switch off the engines while remain unused.
• Equipment should be properly tuned and maintained. • Certified vehicles from BRTA are suggested to be used to carry filling materials
60
Environmental impacts and Mitigation Measures
• Spray of water is suggested in the construction sites
7.2.2 Surface Water Quality
a) During Construction
Impact:
Natural water movement may be interrupted due to land filling at construction sites in the canal. Turbidity may increase due to sand filling and water quality may further decrease due to toxic materials within the carried sand.
Measure: Minimize interruption of natural water flow in DND canal. The dykes would be carefully constructed so that the turbid and toxic water cannot escape fi·om the construction sites.
7.2.3 Ground Water Quality
a) During construction
Impact:
Ground water in shallow depth can be contaminated if any toxic material is used in pile construction. Leaching from contaminated sands (used for land filling) may contaminate ground water in shallow depth.
Measure: Use deep water source for drinking water. b) Post construction
Impact:
Ground water in shallow depth can be contaminated if any toxic material is used in pile construction. Leaching from contaminated sands (used for land filling) may contaminate ground water in shallow depth.
Measure: Use deep water source for drinking water. Check ground water quality of shallow tube wells periodically.
7.2.4 Ambient Sound/Noise Quality
a) During construction
Impact:
Construction of the project would require short-term use of cranes, augers, compressors, air tampers, generators, trucks, and other equipment to transport construction materials, remove and install new towers, and to string the conductors for the overhead line. Construction of foundations for new towers would require use of a drill rig or large auger at most of the tower locations.
Measure:
• Use "quiet" equipment (i.e. , equipment designed with noise-control elements);
• Route truck traffic away from noise-sensitive areas, where feasible ;
• Install sound barriers for pile driving activity, where practicable (e.g., use an acoustic curtain or blanket around the point of impact);
• Unnecessary vehicle movement should be avoided
• Switch off the engines while remain unused.
61
Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
7.2.5 Land and Soil
a) During construction
Impact: The soils of the construction sites and soils under the alignment of the transmission lines will be disturbed significantly during the construction period.
Measure: Contractors should be directed to make a fence surrounding the excavation activities so that the dug soil cannot spread over the adjacent land. During the construction period, the contractor should carefully dig the hole for erecting the tower. The excavated soils should be properly stacked and the hole should be refilled with theses stacked soils by maintaining the sequence of the profile.
b) Post -construction
Impact: Soil erosion could be triggered or accelerated unless successful re-vegetation.
Measure: Regular monitoring of the sites is required to avoid further soil erosion.
7.2. 6 Fisheries
a) During construction
Impact: Reduction of fish habitat due to sand filling at construction sites.
Measure: Minimize the construction area and period. Avoid construction in fish breeding times. Additional fmgerlings, food and nutrients can be added in water of the canal for fish.
b) Post-construction
Impact: Some aquatic plants can grow around the tower bases and add food availability for fishes . Contraction of fish habitat due to sand filling at construction sites.
Measure: Minimize the construction area and period. Additional fmgerlings, food and nutrients can be
added in water of the canal for fish.
7.2.7 Flora
a) During construction
Impact: In the case of towers, few trees would need to be uprooted from the construction points.
Measure: PAPs should be compensated for the trees. A voidance of bush and densely vegetated areas while drawing the transmission line and tower sitting would be less detrimental to the ecosystem as well as to the environment. Plantation of seedling (5 seedlings for a single tree) around in replace of cut down trees.
b) Post-construction
Impact: Prohibition of long tree plantation along the RoW. Some aquatic plants can grow around the tower bases
62
Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Measure: People might prefer changing the plantation mode from tall to dwarf trees under the alignment of the transmission line. The trees need to be planted at a certain distance from the transmission line. Some aquatic plants can grow around the tower bases
7.2.8 Fauna
a) During construction
Impact: The wildlife habitat quality of the project-influenced area will be deteriorated.
Measure:
• Minimize vegetation loss and use low sound emitting equipments and vehicles.
• Minimize the construction area and period.
b) Post-construction
Impact: In general, wildlife population will avoid the transmission line due to the high voltage magnetic field. Mortality risk for Bats will be increased.
Measure: No measure suggested.
7.2.9 Workers' Health and Safety
a) During construction
Impact: Breakdown of diarrheal diseases, risk of accident due to vehicle movement as well as accident during tower construction and pile driving.
Measure: Awareness building and training of construction workers and vehicle drivers, using poster, signs and signals accordingly. Keep provision for first aid.
b) Post construction
Impact: Risk of accident due to vehicle movement as well as accident during removal of temporary tower construction materials.
Measure: Awareness building and training of construction workers and vehicle drivers, using poster, signs and signals accordingly . Keep provision for first aid.
63
8.1 Introduction
ChapterS
Environmental Management Plan
Implementation ·of the power transmission line project requires an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which will ensure environmental protection. It will also identify the residual impacts and unavoidable impacts and their management. The EMP will guide the institutional requirements and environmental monitoring of the project. As PGCB is committed to sound environmental practices and standard operational procedures for occupational safety and health, it should head the implementation of the EMP.
8.2 Mitigation Plan
Compensation must be given for affected households, trees, water bodies, agricultural land, crops and social infrastructures. The detailed estimates of compensation for each item along the alignment and tower sites have been given in a separate SIA study. The compensation payment policy and plan has also been presented in that report. In this section environment related mitigation measures and its associated budget (estimated) are presented in the following table (Table 8.1).
64
Environmental Management Plan
Table 8.1: Estimated Budget for Mitigation Measures
ltnvironmental . Potential Eitvlronmt:ntallmpact(s) · ; ~·~. ,11, ,.;,'"'"'· ~ .,"'8:'? - w • Mitig .. tion ~ . ·:<: "'~LocatloJJ., Estimated li ' . · Responsibility ;..\'.;.
Component' · · '~~ · ~· · , ~ · ·, ~' ' · "Measures .:. • · · ~ · · · Mitigation r,mpaemen~tion Supervision , !'l'. . ,;;,"*'·:~;«,;: ·' ~. :;, '~.~~··:'r"~:·::·~·:~~" ·~ .... n!l~··tl ''a.~',~~.''':. 'j·"' "" '·'' , Co~t . .
~'(.'
' r r' .~ :~ ~ .. ,:. ·~ ~ ;"~ ,·. ··~;<, • • • , ,/ , .::iii.~ •. .~.·.··. ·,-'!1 . .' .if'.·~····,~~"· ,., · J.~"'fli. ~ • ~~·<~> •l)l:< "~ ~·~ .• ~ ,., - " ··~~> · •• ''"· (~c.kTk) · ~1,'.;1 ;:,.~· •• ,,, _"',/~-·~ ~'
During construction . •·'·il.' 1
:
Ambient air • Particulate matter (dust) generated from vehicle movement, • Unnecessary
Study 10 Contractor Project ' quality material handling and exhaust emissions from Diesel and vehicle movement area Director,
Gasoline-powered construction equipment should be avoided PGCB and Consultants
• Switch off the engines while remain unused.
• Equipment should be properly tuned and maintained.
• Certified vehicles from BRTA are suggested to be used to carry filling materials
• Spray of water is suggested in the construction sites
Surface water • Natural water movement may be interrupted due to temporary • Minimize
Study Contractor Project -quality land filling for piling within the canal. Turbidity may increase interruption of area Director,
and water quality may further decrease due to toxic materials natural water flow PGCB and in DND canal. The Consultants
- -·
65
l{~nvironmental· 1 ·P,otentia~Jnvh·onme.ota"l linp,!'ct(s) . ra~~l~~~~k;. "1.11 :;, .:;;~t Component
, ,.1(1' 1. ·l\1it!11atlon Measures
#"'. ,;,i
Ground water quality
Ambient Sound/Noise quality
within the carried sand
• Ground water may get contaminated if there is any toxic material in the construction materials of piles
• Leaching from contaminated sands (used for land filling) may
contaminate ground water in shallow depth
• Construction of the project would require short-term use of cranes, augers, compressors, air tampers, generators, trucks, and other equipment to transport construction materials, remove and install new towers, and to string the conductors for the overhead line. Construction offoundations for new towers would require use of a drill rig or large auger at most of the tower locations
66
land filling sites . would be protected properly with fence so that the turbid
water cannot escape from the construction sites
• Toxicity of the construction materials should be tested before use.
• Use "quiet" equipment (i .e. , equipment designed with noise-control elements);
• Route truck traffic away from noisesensitive areas, where feasible ;
• Install sound barriers for pile driving activity,
Environmental Management Plan
·Locatiol).a l :i E~ti~Jed Mitigation Coat (lackTk)
Tower sites
RoW
5
5
, w~ ""'; .,c~Resp~sibitity,,
lmplementatio@ I Supervfsioa
Contractor
Contractor
Project Director, PGCB and Consultants
Project Director, PGCB and Consultants
Environmental Management Plan
·Environmental Potential En~ironmental Impact(s) - .•.. :.~ :. ;1·- ,Mitigation . Location Estimated Responsibility r '" ' .,.
· Comp,onent ~ -~- ~ ,. Meas,ures • ~ ~: · Mitigl,ltion Iniplementation Supe"':'ision r'>-. ' - -~
l.'tl'M • ~~· ' ..
'"' f,i~ .,;· "I •• -~-,~
~ " '. It-,.., .. ~ . Cost ' " -'
<; , ;~\
""' ~ t l : ,ll ,.i .,, z ' ~: " ' ' '
~ .. ·.J/''• :~ '· :.i.: ' .. 1'1 .... ,~ ' ~ "'·I! ~. tl - .• OackTk) if .
"~ ~
~ J, . ' . .. '·
where practicable (e.g. , use an acoustic curtain or blanket around the point of impact);
• Unnecessary vehicle movement should be avoided
• Switch off the engines while remain unused
• Use day time for vehicle movement and sound emitting activities
Land and Soil • The soil s of the construction si tes and soils under the alignment • Contractors should
RoW Contractor Project -of the transmission lines will be disturbed significantly during the be directed to Director, construction period make a fence PGCB and
surrounding the Consultants excavation activities so that the dug soil cannot
spread over the adj acent land. During the
67
Environmental Management Plan
~:EnVirorun'!~~ P,ot~ntial.:En"lronm~,ta~ lrnpa~s} ~ ,;~',~~,·r,~;.J~;" 3:1'~,~~:,) .~'. "Mitigation ,~' ;t,lll ,ff. ,·.~tiot,t,, • E!tim&ted · ~ ,:: .iliJ~ Re$pon~Jibility · ,,, "': Component K£.~ ' ,' l i. ' '·. ' " ' ~. , Measures Mitigation Implementation · Supervision
'+: ' .. :::..: ~ w ! ~ f " _,-· c
Cost b~l ~ • !!'. 'I' 'l ! ~ -~ ..;
(lackTk) .. E" j'' ~ ~ ·~ ..:11 ~" ••••• ~--
construction period, the contractor should carefully dig the hole for erecting the tower. The excavated soils should be properly stacked and the hole should be refilled with theses stacked soils by maintaining the sequence of the profile
Fisheries • Obstruction offish movement due to sand filling for pile driving • Minimize the
Study Contractor Project -during construction of some towers in DND canal construction area area Director,
and period. PGCB and Additional Consultants fingerlings, food and nutrients can be aclded in water of the canal for fish
Flora • Few trees would need to be uprooted from the construction points • Minimization of
RoW 2 Contractor Project cut down of trees Director,
• Minimize the PGCB and Consultants
68
Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Potential Environmental Impact(s) ,,~' Ool. i)';., l,,y Mitigation Iii .,. Location Estimated RespOnsibility ,., r.i!
~ Cl ...
Me~Urtl$ ~Mit~ation Implementation 'Suptlrvisibn Component '' \' ',\ I .t ~ ., '·~~ :::'' I f ,, :;>; ,,
~ .. ·'· ' v.·~ • t,., ••
' ) .
\'' i:-·r~· Cost ,. .. , f ~ l .t
.. ·:{:(.· .. .. '' "' ~· -.• '), 1'1 : :111• . .,.
(lack Tk) · < ,t;-.. I t ~ ~: ' 't
'' ,' """ -.~ ' ~r' · •.. · ' ,, ' l f; ·"
.,. 'i.
approach areas of construction sites
• Re-plantation of double numbers of cut-down trees
Fauna • Movement for local & domestic animals and birds will be • Minimize
Study Contractor Project -disturbed vegetation loss and area Director,
use low sound PGCB and emitting Consultants equipments and vehicles.
• Minimize the construction approach area and period
Construction • Sand, bricks, concretes etc. solid wastes will be generated from • Safe disposal site
Tower - Contractor Project construction works. These wastes will create nuisance in the local should be prepared I
Waste sites Director, environment to dump the solid PGCB and
wastes. Covered Consultants vans should be used to carry the wastes to the disposal site
Workers' • Breakdown of diarrheal diseases, risk of accident due to vehicle • Ensure adequate
RoW 10 Contractor Project
69
Environmental Management Plan
·EnVironmental .,fotentiat..En..-i,r:oDme,qtal ~patt(s) 1\iltriit<~'<~i -~~\f~~ '!'\I;:V.~o· ~: . MiWtation .ill ,,~;.; .. i\!)>l ''!«atiot~ . · ~.ES.fimated :\' ... 'fir •• ~.·· Reanonsibiliw · .;~! cooipO..e~t · ' :1 h,. 'i Measures · - ' ·· Mitigation Implementation SupervisiOn
~I ~~ ; "' I'J _._ ~~~: on • 1 1 '! ~ :~ •, 0. !, r.J ' ·Cost .. '
l' (lackTk) ";JI
health and movement as well as accident during tower construction and pile safety gears for Director, safety driving workers. (Personal PGCB and
Protective Consultants
Equipment, accommodation, First Aid box etc)
• Arrange training for contractors and workers.
• Provide temporary security fencing surrounding the construction site.
• Provide safe drinking water for workers
· • Safety signboard at
all sites in bangla & English languages.
" Post-construction
Agriculture • Local farmers will have less production within the tower footing • Cultivation under
RoW Contractor Project -sites the tower site is Director,
discouraged due to PGCB and
70
Environmental Management Plan
I.· Environmen~l ' Potential En\'ironmental Impact(s) · · . . :1· .,~. l'!l '· ~ • '· • · • Mitigation. :~ · ,. Location Estimated · .,. ReSponsibHity · C~ro imnent . · ,; ?)·::~:.:· ;;-;.:~ ,' .: ':' ;":,·} ~ ;.:; 1 ,)•:
··Measure$· 1111!1 ·~ ,.~ Mitigation . lqlplementat~oli ·supervision
1:•' .. . ~'"' .. '" '. , n " , , . :~· ~}f tt;· ... i ';" !'j .~· ~·
. · . • 7}:\1": ;,'~~!· < '* . • !,'I' ' '' ' i . Cp'st $! .• .,.,
~"" 'w; • ' ' • ,'11 ' ··~~~· ' ' Oack Tk) ~ ~~ ·~ ' . :, '• \! "' 1 ' ~ '''
accidental risk Consultants
Fisheries • Some aquatic plants can grow around the tower bases and add • Minimize the
Study Contractor Project -food availability for fishes. Reduction offish habitat due to sand construction area area Director, filling at construction sites and period PGCB and
Consultants
Flora • Prohibition of long tree plantation along the RoW. Some aquatic • People might
RoW - Contractor Project plants can grow around the tower bases prefer changing the and the Director,
plantation mode tower PGCB and from tall to dwarf sites Consultants trees under the alignment of the transmission line. The trees need to be planted at a certain distance from the transmission line. Some aquatic plants can grow around the tower bases
Fauna • In general, wildlife population will avoid the transmission line • No measure
Study Contractor Project -due to the high voltage magnetic field. Mortality risk for Bats will suggested area Director, be increased PGCB and
Consultants
Total 32 . . - ·---
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Environmental Management Plan
8.3 Environmental Monitoring Program
The environmental monitoring program includes a schedule of monitoring and institutional arrangements. The environmental monitoring program will show the path for taking precautions during and after the construction of the transmission line and substations so that necessary steps can be taken to rectify defects or deficiencies. In the following table total estimated plan and its associated budget for monitoring is presented.
Table 8.2: Monitoring Plan
Frequency Environ
Parameters /units to be Pre-
Post- Super mental const Constru Monitored by
monitored construe vision Indicator ructi ction
tion on
Water • pH Yearly Environmental PGCB once once Quality • Temperature during two monitoring
• Electrical Conductivity (EC) construct times: Consultant
at 25° ion dry and
• Turbidity wet
• Total Dissolved Solid (IDS) season
• Total Suspended Solid (TSS)
• Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
• Nitrate-Nitrogen (N03-N) • Orthophosphate (P04) or
Reactive Phosphate
• Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3-N)
• Biochemical oxygen Demand (BODS)
• Iron (Fe)
• Lead (pb) • Chromium (Cr)
• Mercury (Hg)
• Total Coliform (TC)
Waste ctisposal sites and volume once Twice a Yearly
Environmental PGCB
disposal week monitoring Consultant
Noise Noise quality once Twice a Yearly
Environmental PGCB week
monitoring Consultant
Air • SPM once once Yearly Environmental
PGCB
quality during two
monitoring • S02 constmct times: ion dry and
Consultant
• co wet season
• N02
Trees Nos. oftress once Monthly Yearly
Environmental PGCB
monitoring Consultant
73
Environmental Management Plan
Table 8.3: Estimated Budget for Monitoring Plan for one year
SL No. Issues Unit cost Monitoring times Total cost (lack tk.)
1 Water Quality 1lack 4 4
2 Waste disposal 0.25 4 1
3 Noise
0.5 lack 4 2
4 Air quality
0.5 lack 4 2
5 Manpower cost 0.5 lack 4 2
6 Transport cost 0.25 lack 4 1
Total monitoring cost 12
Table 8.4: Total Mitigation and Monitoring cost (estimated)
Items Total cost (lack tk.)
Estimated mitigation cost 32
Estimated monitoring Cost 12
Total 44
8.4 Benefit Enhancement Plan
The short-term and long-term benefits of the proposed project could be enhanced through a specific plan. For example, employment of local people could be possible through a contractor and PGCB. A short list of benefits and responsible agencies that can ensure the benefits is given in the following table 8.5.
Table 8.5: Benefit Assessment
Benefits Extent Responsible Agency
Employment Local and regional Contractor and PGCB
Increased electricity supply to Local and regional PGCB and PDB distribution system
Improvement of electricity Regional DESA and DESCO distribution system
Industrialization Regional Private companies
8.5 Institutional Arrangements
The implementation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) requires an organizational support. In this context it is very essential to know the concern organizations as well as professionals responsibilities, training requirements and environmental information management system. In this section an institutional arrangement, functions and responsibilities of Environmental Management Unit (EMU) will be described for EMP implementation.
74
Environmental Management Plan
The team members of the EMU will be: 1. Headed by Project Director and Deputy General Manager
2. Manager Project (Member Secretary) 3. Deputy Manager (Member)
4. Representative of Environmental Consultant (Member)
5. Representative of Contractor (Member)
EMU
t? ~ <--1,-------, L__ ______ _,
Figure: 8.1: Flowchart of EMU
Roll and responsibilities of the EMU
• Assist the PD in conducting environmental screening and categorization of the projects; • Assist the PD in the preparation of Environmental Assessment; • Assist the PD in implementation of the EMP during the project implementation period; • Ensure compliance of the mitigation measures by the Contractors; • Assist the Manager Engineers at site by providing appropriate environmental advice, and
developing appropriate environmental mitigation measures for the projects; • Assist Environmental consultants, contractor and local stakeholders to carryout participatory
consultation during planning, design and implementation of the projects;
Roll and responsibilities of the PD/DGM
• Ensure compliance of the mitigation measures by the Contractors; • Coordinate the EMU;
Roll and responsibilities of the Manager (project)
• Assist the PD in the proper and timely implementation ofEMP; • Assist the PD in screening and categorization process of projects; • Preparation of EA and finalization it with close co-ordination with the Environmental
consultant, contractor and the donor; • Ensure compliance of the respective EMP during projects design and implementation
including post-construction; • Assist the PD in obtaining environmental clearances from the DoE;
75
Environmental Management Plan
• Assist in development of training programme for the key stakeholders, contractors, public representatives and local government institutions/NGOs in collaboration with the environmental specialist);
• Review and approve the contractors implementations plan for the environmental measures , as per the EMP;
• Liaison with the Environmental Consultant and Contractor for the implementation of the EMP;
• Dialogue with project affected persons (PAPs) and ensure that the environmental concerns and suggestions incorporated and implemented in the project;
• Undertaking environmental monitoring and reporting to the Project Director and follow-up activities;
• Report to the PD on the environmental aspects pertaining to the projects;
Roll and responsibilities of the Deputy Manager (project)
• Assist the Manager (project ) and the Environmental Consultant and Contractor in environmental Screening process;
• Assist the PMU in environmental assessments for the projects; • Assist PMU in obtaining of requisite environmental clearances for the project; • Review the contractor' s implementation plan for the environmental measure as per the EMP
with assistance from the environmental specialist of the Environmental Consultants; • Liaison with Contractors and Environmental Consultants on the implementation of the EMP; • Carry out site inspection, check and undertake periodic environmental monitoring and initiate
necessary follow up actions; • Assist to prepare Document the good practices in the project on incorporation and integration
of environmental issues into engineering design; • Report to the Manager I project director on the environmental aspects pertaining to the
project;
Roll and responsibilities of the Environmental Consultant
• To be responsible for ensuring that the environmental management measures are being implemented with the implementation of project.
• To be responsible for ensuring that the environmental management measures are well incorporated in the design and planning of projects as well as in the project budget.
• To review the environmental studies (lEE, EWSIA) of projects, prepared by consultant, to ensure compliance of the requirements ofPGCB, DoE and Donor.
• To prepare necessary guidelines, detail Enviroiunental Code of Practice for project. • To help to prepare and review the tender documents, Contract documents for contractors and
ToR for recruitment/engagement of contractors (e.g. detail work order) to ensure that the environmental management measures are included in the legal obligations in the contract.
• To monitor and supervise the implementation of EMP done by contractors in the preconstruction, construction and post-construction phases of each projects.
• To coordinate with different stakeholders for implementing EMP, as and when required. • To provide relevant information to the Independent Consultant for M&E for implementation
ofEMP.
Roll and responsibilities of the Contractor
• The Contractor will be responsible for implementation of environmental management measures as per instruction and guidance of the EMU.
• The contractor will report to the Environment Unit regarding the environmental concerns of the projects.
76
Environmental Management Plan
Roll and responsibilities of the Donor
• World Bank will review all the environmental studies, project documents, tender documents, budget, and contract documents of consultants I contractors for ensuring compliance with the environmental and social safeguard policies of World Bank.
• World Bank will closely monitor the activities of Environment Unit and contractors via the Office ofProject Director, PGCB.
8.6 Risk management
According to the DOE guidelines, PGCB is committed to observe the mitigation plan in order to bring down the impacts on the environmental components to bearable stage. PGCB also needs to ensure the implementation of mitigation measures to alleviate adverse environmental impacts on health, environment and safety. An Operation Management System (OMS) should be formed with officials of PGCB and consultants for Health, Environment and Safety requirement. This system will work to monitor the health, environment and safety issues.
Emergency Response Plan
An emergency procedure will identifY who does what and when in the event of an emergency. Those who are in charge and the coordination mechanism of their emergency actions should be identified. The following are important events that require emergency procedures:
• Fire
• Medical emergencies
• Natural disasters (e.g floods, tornadoes, earthquakes, etc.)
During these emergency cases, OMS for HES will take necessary actions. ·
Safety Orientation and Training
Initial safety training is required to inform the employees about the risk of the project. The orientation shall include the following:
• Specific job hazards
• Safety precautions
• Job responsibilities
• Regulatory requirements
• Company policy
• Worker's right to be informed about and to refuse unsafe work
Reporting Accidental Events
Immediate reporting to the OMS is essential to take actions against accidents. So a standard easy reporting procedure should be followed as per PGCB 's rule.
8.7 Reporting Procedure (PGCB)
Routine monjtoring on environmental performance of the project will be reported by the project division ofPGCB and a copy of the report will be made available to the funding agencies.
8.8 Reporting Procedure (HES)
Routine monitoring on the environmental performance of the project will be reported by the Health Environment and Safety Department and a copy of the same will be made available to the DOE.
77
Chapter 9
Conclusion and Recommendations
9.1 Conclusion
The Government of Bangladesh is trying to combat the current electricity crisis through the development of electricity production, transmission and distribution systems. As part of this effort, the Power Grid Company of Bangladesh (PGCB) has intended to construct a Siddhirganj - Maniknagar 230KV transmission line for making the power generated at the Siddhirganj power station available to Dhaka city. Due to non-availability ofRoW in South-East part ofDhaka, PGCB intended to construct the 230KV line by dismantling the existing Haripur-Matuail-Maniknagar 132KV single circuit line. But due to dense population in the section of the line between Siddhirganj to Konapara (6.6Km), PGCB has identified an alternative route along Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra (DND) drainage canal under Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB). PGCB has signed Memorandum of understanding (MoU) with BWDB, legal authorities ofDND canal for the proposed RoW.
The EIA study explores that the new alternative line that goes alongside the DND canal will have less impact on settlement and ecosystem as it crosses the fallow land and side of the canal. It is also observed that no significant compensation is necessary for construction of TIL since it does not pass through habitation. From an overall observation, it can be stated that the proposed project will have no residual adverse impact on the environment or on the eco-system.
People living along the route of the transmission line expressed interest in the project. Their main consideration is that the overall development in the power sector would contribute to national development. Local people along the transmission line alignment will be benefited, as the project will generate some employment opportunities for them during the pre-construction and construction phases.
9.2 Recommendations
As the construction of 11 km long Siddhirganj-Maniknagar 230KV transmission line following 6.6km new route (Siddhirganj-Konapara) along Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra (DND) canal will not have any significant irreversible negative impact, the project can be implemented. But the implementation of the project is subject to proper implementation of an environmental management plan and resettlement action plan according to rules and regulations.
The boundary of the construction the sites and the approach areas should be maintained properly to avoid disturbance to the ambient natural system. The construction time should be minimized. The sands used for temporary land filling should be removed properly as early as possible. Replantaion of tees is a must and at least two new trees would be planted for each cut-down tree.
Satisfactory compensation should be given to the affected people. Specially, assets removed from the tower sites should be compensated for at the appropriate level. Minor negative impacts like clearing of vegetation and cutting of trees at the pre-construction and construction phases should be taken care of by taking proper mitigation measures. A work schedule should be made in compliance with the cropping season (tower 23 to 38) to minimize damage to existing crops. In both cases proper compensation for all types of damages must be paid and the land should be brought back to its original form after construction work.
Local people should be employed as much as possible during the · pre-construction and construction phases. The contractor should be specifically instructed to employ local laborers as much as possible (not less than 50%). The health and safety issues of workers should be taken care of under the specific order of the contractor and client. The construction labour camps should be provided with water supply and sanitation facilities. The workers should be apprised of hygienic practices.
Conclusion and Recommendations
The transportation of materials should be done by feasible routes in order to minimize loss of crops and vegetation. The stores and equipment yards should be properly guarded so that all equipment remains safe.
From an overall assessment, it is observed that the proposed project could be implemented in an environment friendly manner, but subject strictly to the implementation of an environmental management plan. So it is recommended that the project may be cleared to proceed with its work.
80
Annex 1 Comments and Response
Annex -1
--.1111; ,: ·~-:
SI.No. ', Comments t}., ~) ''· Response !\ ;~J Action a::-r l,'_~
General comments:
I We have noted that the EIA mainly highlighted the land availability Agreed and re-write as suggested Action taken accordingly issues rather than the environmental impacts of the proposed development along the new route. Since a separate report has been prepared on resettlement, those concerns need not to repeat here again.
2 Please clearly mention whether site clearance has been taken from Site clearance has been taken from DOE. No action taken DOE or not. If not, please take the clearance immediately.
3 Similarly, please confirm whether lEE has been approved by DOE lEE has exempted by DOE, now EIA report will No action taken or not be submitted to DoE by PGCB for
environmental clearance.
4 There are repetitions of text like Background of Chapter 1 Thanks for sugg7stion and corrected accordingly Action taken accordingly (Introduction) and Introduction of Chapter 3 (Description of Project).
5 The present EIA report includes mainly the baseline of the earlier The information of previous unchanged portion Action taken accordingly st1,.1dy although the 60% route has been changed. Further to that, the is same but the information of newly proposed EIA provides little information about the trends in the current portion is provided properly as required. baseline situation.
6 Public consultation on environmental issues is not adequate Necessary environmental information has been Action taken accordingly provided for public consultation chapter.
7 Costing estimates is not identified in the proposed mitigation Costing estimate has now been incorporated Action taken measures.
8 Insufficient indication of (i) Roles of the responsible stakeholders; Sufficient indication has provided for Action taken accordingly and (ii) the implementation arrangements stakeholders and their implementation
arrangements
9 There are several inconsistencies fmmd the in the report. Say in the
Inconsistencies has been resolved in main Action taken accordingly executive summary it is written that the project has huge impacts
reports
83
\.;~. '
SI.,No. ~.-if; .. ,,
"l<'. ' ;<!;''\/' ·, ~1 Co~me~ts k' ~-,g_
settlement and overall ecosystem. In another paragraph it is written that there are no significant compensation is necessary for construction of TIL since it does not pass the habitation. Again it is documented "One rain tree and one coconut tree will be cut down during construction period" in the Table 5.2 but subsequent impact identification table 7.2 showing that a wide variety of plant species need to be uprooted from the construction points under the alignment of the transmission line and its adjoining areas.
;fi•: [\!,·, r ilk; ~,~ ,"'' \
Response
Executive summary
2
The Executive Summary (ES) does not provide a very clear summary I Executive summery is now reformed as required of the project environmental impacts and their mitigation measures. It concentrates on resettlement, rather than the EA.
In the 3rd Para of page x written "it is necessary to broaden the footing According the present design of tower footings of the Tower. If the existing footing increased in accordance with the the footing area for proposed tower will be less present demand, there was a possibility of huge damage, losses of than previous existing tower footing sites. This settlement and overall ecosystem." Again at 4th Para of same page Para has been re-written accordingly. written "It is also observed that no significant compensation is necessary for construction of TA since it does not pass the habitation. From an overall observation, it can be stated that the proposed project will have no residual adverse impact on the environment or on the eco-system." Please explain quantity and causes of huge impact due broaden of tower footing.
Chapter- I: Introduction
1 I In the 2'd Para it is written "PGCB had already installed a 230KV TIL I Sorry, this was a mistake.
2
3
from Siddhirgary·- Maniknagar". Please verify the information.
This chapter should provide a background/storyline about the project, I Information has been changed in main report earlier EIA and new route.
Table 1.1 should move to the Alternative Analysis Chapter with I Revised information has been given in chapter 4.
84
Annex -1
Action .. ~:}'{';~
Action taken accordingly
Action taken accordingly
Action taken accordingly
Action taken accordingly
Action taken accordingly
Annex -1
.. . ,. • < I• .,
SI.No. ' Comments .,. ~ . ~. ~ Response ~ . - Action ~~· i\
..
more focus on environmental issues. The chainage, Tower locations, Impact deviation are not clear in the comparison table 1.1 between New and old RoW.
4 The objective of the EIA study is not clearly explained Objectives have been explained clearly Action taken accordingly '
Chapter 2: Policy and Legislation
I The project is defined as Category 'A' as per GoB Environmental Mentioned as suggested Action taken accordingly Conservation Rules'97. The EIA is mandatory for this category and EIA procedure shouJd be mentioned in this chapter.
2 The objective of this chapter is to describe the relevant polices & Mentioned as suggested Action taken accordingly regulations and their implications on the project. However, the implications of the different policies and legislation are not described here.
3 The chapter includes description of the World Bank Safeguard Mentioned as suggested Action taken accordingly polices. However, it should mention the policies which are triggered for the project.
4 The Chapter refers to PGCB's HES manuals, guidelines, procedW"es Mentioned as suggested Action taken accordingly and plans. It would be useful to provide details of the above and how these are followed in the PGCB's work.
5 Land acquisition Rules and Regulations (Article 2.11) can be A voided as suggested Action taken accordingly avoided here since it is already reported in the resettlement study.
6 Please specify the relevance of the rules and policies mentioned in The relevancy of the table is negligible. So it is Action taken accordingly Table 2.1 (Article 2.12) for the project. avoided.
Chapter 3: Description of the Project
1 The chapter should be strengthened with (i) general schematic Necessary information has been provided in the Action taken accordingly layout (Google map in printout not clear), ROW and alignment of chapter. transmission line, location for transformers, substations, proposed
85
Annex -1
?,·',.,_ i.·~~· 1 vr. 0 !b'k• ' t:omme~ts
~. :i,{' .• l'! ~· ..
\'i ~ 1
/ ·t;11 l'f~:·~ ~'i l.;~ H ; ~· .(! '! .• i • ' f ~~.'
SI. ·No. ' .,. ,, Response .l.l• WJ [jj ' ' Action ' " interconnections and existing facilities; ii) the basic design parameters of the preliminary design of the transmission line; and iii) proposed tower description and sketches. The base size of the tower and difference of tower base (if any) between the tower in canal and land should be specified.
2 As part of the project description, the need for the project should Necessary information has been provided in the Action taken accordingly
be described to highlight the importance of the development work. chapter. It should include: i) brief description of generation capacity and I
!
other information related to power generation and distribution; and ii) link to establishment of 335 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant at Siddhirganj and explain the justification of the project.
Chapter 4: Description of Environmental Baseline
I This chapter mainly repeats the environmental baseline from the The proposed new line is only 6.6Km and rest Action taken accordingly report prepared in 2007-08 although this route is different from the line is as previous one. So, some information earlier route. The meteorological data presented in the baseline is will be repeated no doubted . But the information not clear about the period of data (average of which years). This of newly proposed portion has been provided chapter provides very little information about trends in the current properly as required. baseline situation. Please Update these descriptions of Environmental Baseline for this project area.
2 Drainage and water logging issue has not been addressed. This Drainage and water logging issues have been Action taken accordingly should be properly reflected. added.
3 Please mention the data source of Table 4.1. What are the impacts of Mentioned as suggested Action taken accordingly 2.33 and 5 years return period floods?
4 The surface water quality test result is just presented in Table without An analysis has been done accordingly Action taken accordingly any analysis. There should be an analysis on the water quality for aquatic life, construction and operation issues.
5 No data on air quality and ambient noise (Article 4.2.4 & 4.2.5) Data is not available, due to emergency of the No action taken
86
Annex -1
, .. ~ i.l l -"
-' SI.No. , Comments •t. , . Response Action i(• ,, ;(' ilf , '' ,.
presented in the chapter. project, it was not possible to collect data.
6 Photograph and table on observed species are mentioned in the Thanks for comments. There is no bird flying Action taken accordingly project area will be useful. Bird species pass through the study path crossing this area. The list of bird flying area boundaries need to be examined. path in central zone of Bangladesh is attached in
the main report.
Chapter 5: Analysis of Suitability for Alternative Routes
1 Alternative Routes analysis of Transmission Line has been carried Necessary information has been provided in the Action taken accordingly out from the Resettlement point of view. The alternative analysis chapter. should consider: (i) construct ability analysis the suitability of construction of foundation, erection of tower and installation of
!
conductors for each route; (ii) technical compatibility- analysis which route has more technical viability; (iii) effect on traffic movement- which route will give less effect on traffic movement; (iv) maintenance- which route will require less maintenance; (v) construction cost - which route has more financial viability; and importantly (vi) environment impacts and risks- which route will -give less work impact on aquatic life, water logging, exposure to electrical and magnetic Fields to the public, impact on birds etc.
2 The occupational health and safety Issues should be taken into Thanks for comments and considered in the Action taken accordingly consideration in alternative analysis report.
Chapter 6: Public Consultations and Disclosure
1 As mentioned in general comments, this chapter is not Thanks for the comments and considered the Action taken accordingly comprehensive. There is no consultation with women group and consultation as required and incorporated in the local elected bodies. The project is category 'A' as per WB policy, report. which requires 2 levels of consultations.
2 Disclosure section needs to be strengthened to fulfill the Bank PGCB will put the document at their websites No action taken policy requirement. This document needs to be disclosed by PGCB soon.
------------------- --- -------
87
Annex -1
,,., . ' ' ' ' ",' . " :" '(: ( '.' i'li> }ff, ~: t;~- i! t,~ .l.'l ',' , ' ' '\ I ~:t~ 1/j ~' ·~; l' J
;..! " Sl. No. , • .\! Comments · {I! " 'Response · . .,-., lf·f 1.1 ~· I , , Action ~~
~
at their website and hardcopies must be at the project sites. The document will also be uploaded in World Bank info shop. After receiving the comments, the document will be finalized.
Chapter 7 & 8: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures And Environment Management Plan
l These chapters should contain specific mitigation & monitoring plan Chapters have been re-written as per suggestion Action taken accordingly that will have to be followed during pre-construction, construction and construction. A template for environmental mitigation plan is attached. This is earlier to implement and supervise.
2 The cost of environmental mitigation and monitoring needs to be Done accordingly Action taken accordingly estimated.
3 Some impacts mentioned in Table 7.2 are not clear and needs Done further clarification in report Action taken accordingly further clarification.
88
-... = 't ~
Annex-2
Detail features along the RoW ofSiddhirganj- Maniknagar 230kV llKm TIL (including 6.6Km new Siddhirganj-Konapara T/L)
Tower No Mauza Name Description of the Row (Left side) 40m wide Description of the Row (Middle side) 20m wide Description of the Row (Rie;ht side) 40m wide 1 Siddhirganj Siddhirganj power plant area Siddhirganj power plant area Siddhirganj power plant area 1-2 Siddhirganj Siddhirganj power plant area Siddhirganj power plant area Siddhirganj power plant area 2 Siddhirganj Saillow road Inside Siddhirganj power plant boundary Siddhirganj power plant area
3 and 4 tower are not required in the proposed new RoW -Road crossing of Chittagong road to - Land owned by BWDB -Road crossing ofDemra to Narayanganj.
5 Mizmizi Narayanganj . -Crossing ofElectric-line-(DPDC)I32KV(two lines) -DND canal -Crossing of Electric-line (DPDC)-132kV (two lines) -Coconut Tree-2 nos.-7 Meter height -Rain tree- !nos. 5 Meter height -10 nos. tin shed house. -5 nos. Semi-Pacca Building house. -1 no. Mosque. -Local Pacca road (LGED) -Over DND canal -DND canal
5-6 Mizmizi -10 nos. tin shed house. -5 nos. Semi-Pacca Building house. -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the : Land owned by BWDB -DND canal
6 Mizmizi canal -Left side in DND canal. -lnos.-Sem.i-pacca - 1 Borai tree
6-7 -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the -Left side in DND canal. -DND canal Mizmizi canal
-9 nos. tin shed house. -6 nos. Semi-Pacca Building house. -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the - Land owned by BWDB -DND canal
7 (Angle Mizmizi canal -Left side in DND canal. Point (AP) -1 nos. tin shed house.
-1 nos. Semi-Pacca Building house. 7-8 -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the -Left side in DND canal. -DND canal
Mizmizi canal -8 nos. tin shed house. -7 nos. Semi-Pacca Building house. -10 nos. shops (tin shed house) -Mango tree-3 nos.-16ft height
91
Annex-2
'\lrrow'ef"N9. •· 'MaUz:a N'aine '\}iesC:ription .6Nbe'R'owJL'Ht side). 40m.w'ieleJ~~ D~cdption ot-,the' R9w"~id~le sielef20iitiwUle:.~. ~ :O.escripliori''of tile Rcn¢:(Rilibf:side)' 40'm~wide''··• -Karoi tree-3 nos.-20 ft height -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the -Land owned by BWDB -DND canal
8 Mizmizi canal -Left side in DND canal. -2 nos. tin shed house. -1 nos. Semi-Pacca Building house.
8-9 -Local Pacca road (LGED) ;liong left side of the - Left side in DND canal. -Road crossing ofDemra to Narayanganj. Mizmizi canal - DND pump station (BWDB) -10 nos. shops (tin shed house)
-9 nos. tin shed house. -6 nos. Semi-Pacca Building house. -S nos. shops (tin shed house) - Karoi tree-2 nos. -18 ft height
9 (AP) -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the -Land owned by BWDB -Road crossing of Demra to Narayanganj. Mizmizi canal -In DND abundant canal
-2 nos. tin shed house. -3 nos. Semi-Pacca Building house. - 1 no. Mosque (building)
-Road Crossing ofChittagong-Dhaka Road. -Road Crossing ofChittagong-Dhaka Road. -Road Crossing of Chittagong -Dhaka Road. 9-10 Mizmizi -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the -Right side in DND canal..
canal -Local Pacca road (LGED) along right side of the - Foot over bridge. canal -S nos. shops (semi pacca house)
10 (AP) Sarulia - DND canal - Land owned by BWDB -Local Pacca road (LGED) along right side of the -Right side in DND canal. canal - 1 shop (Milon Fisheries) - 1 shop (Milon Fisheries)
•
10-11 Sarulia -S nos. shops (tin shed house) - DND canal -DND canal •
- Karoi tree-6 nos. -lS ft height -Local Pacca road (LGED) along right side of the -Local Pacca road (LGED) along right side of the - Khejur tree-3 nos.-10 ft height canal canal
11 (AP) Sarulia -2 nos. tin shed house - Land owned by BWDB -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side canal I
-Mango tree-3nos.-12ft height -Left side ofDND canal bank -S nos. tin shed house. I
I -Banana tree-S nos.-!Sft height - 1 no. tin shed -2S nos. Semi-Pacca Building house -Rain tree-10nos.-20ft height -Jackfruit tree-S nos.-lSft height.
-Khejur tree-3 nos.-lOft height - DND canal
92
Annex -2
Tower No MauzaName Description of the Row (Left side) 40m wide Description of the Row (Middle side) 20m wide Description of the Row (Right side) 40m wide 11-12 Sarulia -Local Pacca road (LGEI)) along left side of the -Road Crossing ofLohar Bridge to Muachak. -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the
canal -10 nos. shops (tin shed houses) canal -60 nos. tin shed house. - Jack fruit tree-2 nos.-1 Oft height -30 nos. shops (tin shed houses) -Banyan tree-! nos. -30ft height. .. -Rain tree 10 nos. -25ft height -Banana tree-10 nos.-l2ft height. -DNDcanal
12 Simrail -20 nos. tin shed house -Land owned by BWDB -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the -1 no. Mosque (semi pacca) -Left side ofDND canal bank canal -Mango tree-35 nos.- 12ft height - 2 culverts (both side of tower footing) -Road Crossing the Galakata Bridge to -Banana tree-50 nos.- 15ft height Mauchak. -Rain tree-6nos.-20ft height -20 nos. shops (tin shed house) -Tal tree-3 nos. -18ft height - DND canal -Karoi tree-4 nos.-20ft height
12-13 Simrail - I nos. building (partial) -Road Crossing the Galakata Bridge to Mauchak. -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the - 15 nos. tin shed house. - 12 nos. tin shed house canal - I no. Jame mosque -Mango tree-35 nos.-12ft height -28 nos . shops (tin shed house) -Rain tree-20nos.-20ft height -Banana tree-50 nos.-ISft height -2 nos. shops (semi pacca)
-Jackfruit tree-3 nos.-20 ft height -Jackfruit tree-S nos.-ISft height. -Khejur tree-3 nos.-IOft height - DND canal
13 Simrail - Road crossing -Land owned by BWDB -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the -1 no. Mosque (building) -Left side ofDND canal bank canal I
-6 nos. shops -tin shed house i
-Jackfruit tree-2 nos.-15 height - DND canal '
13-14 Simrail - !no. J.T. Plastic Industry - 1no. J .T. Plastic Industry -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the - 18 nos. semi pacca -10 nos.-tin shed house canal - 82 nos. tin shed house. -Rain tree-4 nos.-20ft height -Mango tree-4 nos.-15 ft height - !no. Mosque (tin shed) -Mango tree-2 nos.-15 ft height -Baroi tree-1 nos.-1 0 ft height -Jackfruit tree-12 nos.-10ft height - DND canal -Mango tree-IS nos.-12ft height -Banana tree-70 nos
.
14 Simrail -2 nos.- tin shed house. - Land owned by BWDB -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the -Left side ofDND canal bank canal -Jackfruit tree-3 nos.-20 ft height - DND canal -Tal tree-4 nos. -10 ft height
93
Annex -2
;,'fow."er"No"' · i:Milliza·'Nlluie ~ . 'lleS'criptiOnJfUbe Rb\V;~(E'eft· siUe);'40m• wiile·~;'" ""~· :D~scdptio-n ofJbe~Row(MidWe side)20in,'wide',t, " !!l>e~eriptic)l,i, of tlfe RO-w CRie:hf si.t'e}' 40ni'"wide~. 14-15 Simrail - lO nos. tin shed houses -Rani Nagar bazaar -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the
- 1 mosque (partial) - 40 nos. shops tin shed house. canal - 20 nos. Banana tree -3 nos. Semi Pacca - Baroi tree-1 nos. -I 0 ft height - 3 nos. Rain tree -15ft height -7 nos. tin shed house. - DND canal
15 Simrail -Fellow land -Land owned by BWDB -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the -Left side ofDND canal bank canal
-Mango tree-4 nos.-15 ft height -Rani Mohal Bridge. - DND canal
15-16 Simrail -Fellow land -Road Crossing of Rani Mohal Konapara Murgir -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the - I no. building (partial) Farm. canal - 30 nos. shops tin shed house - I no. Cattle Market - DND canal - 1no. Mosque partial (building) - 1no. Mosque partial (building)
16 Simrail - Cattle market -Land owned by BWDB -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the -Left side ofDND canal bank canal -Inside of cattle market - DND canal
16-17 Simrail -Tengra Govt Primary SchooL -Under construction building (71' floor) -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the
-Alapnagar Jamee Mosjid. - Sarulia Bara bazaar. canal -Play Ground - 20 nos. shops tin shed house. -5 nos. shops -semi Pacca -1 no. building -55 nos.shops- tin shed. -2 nos. semi Pacca -Karoi-4 nos.- 15 ft height -17 nos. tin shed house. -Mango tree-8 nos. -20ft height - 1no. shop semi Pacca - DND canal -19 nos. shops tin shed
17 Simrail -1 nos. -building (partial) - Land owned by BWDB -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the -2 nos. tin shed house. -Left side ofDND canal bank canal -Rain tree-2 nos.-30ft height. - Sarulia Bara bazaar. - Sarulia Hazinagar Bazaar
- 3 nos. coconut tree- 20ft height -3 nos. shops (tin shed house) - 2 nos. Rain tree - 20ft height - DND canal
17-JS Simrail - I no. -School (partial) - 2 nos. tin shed houses. -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the - I Mosque (semi building) - 30 nos. shops (tin shed house) canal - 60 nos. tin shed house - 1 Mosque (tin shed) - Sarulia Hazinagar Bazaar
- 40 nos. shops (tin shed) -30 nos. shops (tin shed house) -Rain tree-6 nos.-30ft height. - DND canal - Mango tree-4 nos. -12 ft height. -Jack fruit tree-S nos.-15 ft height
94
Annex -2
Tower No Mauza Name Description of the Row (Left side) 40m wide Description of the Row (Middle side) 20m wide Description of the Row (Ri2ht side) 40m wi.de 18 (AP) Bax nagar -Local Pacca road (LGED) to Kana Para -Land owned by BWDB -Local Pacca road (LGED) along left side of the
-Banyan tree-! nos.-40 ft height -Left side in DND canal bank canal - DND canal -Regional road Demra to Sitalakhya new bridge
18-19 Bax nagar - Local Pacca road (LGED) to Kana Para - Road Crossing the Staff Quarter to Sign board. -Road Crossing the Staff Quarter to Signboard. -8 nos. building - DND canal -5 nos. semi pacca -5 no. tin shed house -20 nos. shops (tin shed) - 1 no. mill (packaging) -Tal tree-2 nos. -! 0 ft height -Shimul tree-! nos.-30 ft height -Mehogony tree-3 nos.-30 ft height -Jackfruit tree-2 nos.-25 ft height
19 Bax nagar - Local Pacca road (LGED) to Kana Para - Land owned by BWDB - DND canal · - 2 nos. Electric Pole. - Inside DND canal
19-20 Bax nagar - Local Pacca road (LGED) to Kana Para - DND canal - DND canal - 2 nos. building (partial) - 5 nos. semi pacca - 7 nos. tin shed house - 14 nos. shops (tin shed) - 13 nos. Electric Pole -Mehogony tree-20 nos.-30 ft height -Rain tree 8 nos.-20 ft height -Tal tree-2 nos.-20 ft height -Jam tree-! nos.-20 ft height -Mango tree-4 nos.-15 ft height -Jackfruit tree-2 nos.-25 ft height -1 no. Insulation Industry . - 1 no Garage
20 Bax nagar - Local Pacca road (LGED) to Kana Para -1 nos. - -Land owned by BWDB - DND canal Building. - Inside DND canal - 3 nos. Electric Pole -1no. Insulation Industry .
20-21 Bax nagar - Local Pacca road (LGED) to Kana Para - Road - DND canal -Road Crossing ofBamoil Bus Stand to Dagair. Crossing ofBamoil Bus Stand to Dagair. -Road Crossing ofBamoil Bus Stand to Dagair. -DND canal - 1 no. Sukhi Textile MilL
95
Annex-2
ifower 'No·:N. )taa'b:a'J"~)ble· · P~scr;ipti~n-:bftbeR~w.r(Ceft"si<le) .40m,wiae.~, ~ ·' u~scripi;on''?,it,•be' B:oW'(l\~;td'ttle siiief'20oiiwiHeo:,\l '.II ~escriptichi\oftbe 'Jio~, (:Rilib'f's1de ); 40rit wide '!l\1: - 18 nos. Electric Pole. - I no. building (partial) - 4 nos. semi Pacca (partial) - 5 nos. tin shed - 6 nos. shop semi Pacca
21 Bax nagar - Local Pacca road (LGED) to Kona Para -Land owned by BWDB - DND canal - 1 no. Sukhi Textile Mill. - Inside DND canal - 1 no. Electric Pole .. - 2 nos. building -Tal tree-1 nos.-15 ft height
21-22 Bax nagar - Local Pacca road (LGED) to Kona Para - l no. - Inside DND canal - DND canal Eline Car Garaj - 14 nos. Electric Pole. - 8 nos. building - 2 nos. semi pacca - 2 nos. shops semi pacca
22 Bax nagar - Eline Car Garaj -Land owned by BWDB - DND canal - Inside DND canal
22-23 Konapara - Road Crossing of Kuna Para to Jatrabari Road. -Road Crossing ofKuna Para to Jatrabari Road. -Road Crossing ofKuna Para to Jatrabari Road. - Mehogony tree-7 nos.-20ft height - DND canal - DND canal
-Rain tree-S nos.-20ft height Konapara -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Boro) -Private land -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Boro)
23 - l no. Steel Mill - Single crop area (HYV Boro) - Heaven Timber/ Saw Mill. - Land Owner: Mrs. Sufia Begum -Land Owner: Mainul Islam - Md. Yunus Ali
24 Dhannikpara - Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Boro) -Private land -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Boro) -Single crop area (HYV Boro)
25 Dhannikpara -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Boro) -Private land -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Boro) -Single crop area (HYV Boro)
26 Dhannikpara -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Boro) -Private land -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Boro) - Single crop area (HYV Boro)
27 Dharmikpara -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Boro) -Private land -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Boro) - Single crop area (HYV Boro)
28 Dharmikpara -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Boro) -Private land -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Boro) -Single crop area (HYV Boro)
96
Annex -2
Tower No Mauza Name Description of the Row (Left side) 40m wide Description of the Row (Middle side) 20m wid~ Description ofthe Row (Right side) 40m wide I 29 Dhannikpara -Agriculture land . single crop area (HYV Bora) -Private land -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Bora) I
- Single crop area (HYV Bora) I I
30 Matuail -Agriculture land . single crop area (HYV Bora) -Private land -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Bora) J - Single crop area (HYV Boro)
31 Matuail - Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Bora) -Private land -Agriculture land . single crop area (HYV Bora) I
: -Single crop area (HYV Boro)
32 Matuail -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Bora) -Private land -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Bora) - Single crop area (HYV Bora)
33 Matuail -Agriculture land . single crop area (HYV Boro) -DCC - Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Bora) -Pond
34 Matuail -Agriculture land . single crop area (HYV Boro) -DCC -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Boro) -Pond
35 Manda -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Bora) -Amin Mohammad Housing -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Bora) -Agricultural land
36 Manda -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Bora) -Amin Mohammad Housing -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Boro) -Agricultural land
37 Manda -Agriculture land . single crop area (HYV Boro) -Antin Mohammad Housing -Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Boro) -Agricultural land
38 Manda - Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Bora) -Amin Mohammad Housing - Agriculture land. single crop area (HYV Bora) -Agricultural land
39 Manda -Fallow -WASA -Fallow -Fallow
40 Manda -Fallow -WASA -Fallow -Fallow
41 Manda -Fallow -WASA -Fallow L___ ---
-Fallow - -- - ----
97
c .... -= = 0 a.. ~ -= ~ ~ ~ --= "' ~ ~ -"' ~ ~
~
f"')
~ ~ = = <
Annex -3
Result of Water quality in DND canal "' ~"
~
Concentration Present ,_
IIi "' ~ if. ~ \.i. 'l! ;'11i! "
Ill . " 1 ~c· ' - ·~· "• ' '~ ·. ,, . .;: ·~
·~ :-..~' l .. .i .. oJI j
t !1.;; ,\-; .... =· ~ ~a
.).-':. ,,.,. ·a ..... ;e i .. ; ~ ?if ' ~ >'\ ,~·~
Sl; til m ~t ~j~ t , u~t' -,, "' .. e ' ,. ;:e " · Bangladesh , · M "' ~ {>; n, : f.llo · .= ..
N'o Water Quality Parameter ·- ~ :s :! :;.!! - Standard for · !wHO GuidelinE Methods of analysis Minimum
-'~,.!l -= 0 J:! ~ 0 j ~ ~~ Drinking Water values, 2004 Detection level
. _Ill Cii~ (E.CR'97)
~ ' ~~ '~'· ~, ' .~· ,. ; ~ ' ,. jl -ri.
I pH - 7.2 7.63 7.52 7.54 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 USEPA 150.l ;SM4500-
0 H+B
2 Electrical Conductivity (EC) at 25° pS/cm 766 680 738 926 0 0 USEPA 120.1 ; SM25 10B 0. 1
3 Turbidity NTU !50 129 92.6 64.9 10 5 USEPA 180.1 Rev2; SM
0.0 1 2 1308
4 Total Coliform (TC) CFU/IOOml 600 2000 1600 0 0 0 USEPA9 132; SM 922 1 E 0
5 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/1 3.08 5.1 4.58 8.17 6 0 USEPA 360J,360.2; SM
0.1 4500-0.B.G
6 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/1 456 379 414 555 1000 "1000 USEPA 160.2; SM 2540
5 8 -D
7 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/1 232 187 11 3 83 10 0 US EPA 160.2; SM 2540
5 B-D
8 Iron (Fe) mg/1 2.6 2.6 1.6 I 0.3-1:0 0.3 USEPA 200.9; SM 3 111
0.02 B
9 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
mg/1 319 92 135 :Dichromate
176 USEPA 4 10.4; SM 5220 4 0
D 0.2
10 Nitrate-Nitrogen (N03 -N) mg/1 OJ 0.4 0.1 OJ 10 50 USEPA 353.2; SM 4500-
0.1 NO 3-N-F
11 01thophosphate (P04) ·or Reactive
mg/1 1.263 <MDL 0.041 0.306 USEPA365 .1; SM4500-Phosphate 6 - P04
0.04
12 Ammonia-Niirogen (NH3-N) mg/1 1.13 0.4 OJ72 0.821 0.5 1.5 USEPA 350.1; SM 4500-
0.017 NH3B
13 Biochemical oxygen Demand (BODS) mg/1 56 15 24 130 0.2 USEPA405 .1; SM 5210
0.2 - B; SM 5210 D
102
.,
Annex -3
~ Concentration Present .'( ~ . l:·
" .. ' ):
•
~ .:0 ~- i:l"• ~ f: ' '
·" l <? - .. 1' \";
. , .. • .\~ .• Ill • ' ..
'ij . ! ... , ··~ "' .... = Cll ="' Sl. &\·g 0 ·s <II Bangladesh Unit "" cw .&> ... ~HO Guideline No Water Quality Parameter .l::i"" :e <II -; .5 Standard for
Methods of analysis Minimum
-= .. := ..: 0 "1:1- s = "'"" Drinking Water Values, 2004 Detection level
" .,. "1:1 0 . ~ .. ~ ;/ ·-"" <II (ECR'97)
~ ~ Ill ·. ~ Ill ':>: ~
",~~< .<. ·:· -
14 Lead (pb) mg/1 0.022 0.027 0.021 0.023 0.05 0.0 1 USEPA 200.9Rev 2 .2;
0.01 SM31 I lB
15 Chromium (Cr) mg/1 0.007 0.011 0.004 0.011 0.05 0.05 USEPA 200.9 Rev 2.2;
0.001 SM3111 B
16 MercUJy (Hg) mg/1 <MDL <MDL 0.0017 0.0086 0.001 0.001 USEPA 245.1 Rev.3 .0;
0.0001 SM 3112 B
. --
(Source: BRTC, BUET)
103
