MEDICAL APPLICATION MEDICAL APPLICATION OF ENZYMESOF ENZYMES

HARIS PHARIS PMSC BIOTECHNOLOGYMSC BIOTECHNOLOGY

MA COLLEGE MA COLLEGE ERNAKULAMERNAKULAM

Medical ApplicationMedical Application

►For enzyme therapy.For enzyme therapy.►For clinical diagnosis.For clinical diagnosis.►For diseases of liver, kidney, heart etc.For diseases of liver, kidney, heart etc.►For enzyme deficiency diseases.For enzyme deficiency diseases.►For determination of metabolites.For determination of metabolites.►Enzyme immuno assay.Enzyme immuno assay.

THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION Enzym

eReaction use

Amylase

Starch hydrolysis

Diagestive disorders

Collagenase

Collagen hydrolysis

Skin ulcers

Ficin, Papain, Proteina

se

Protein hydrolysis

Deworming, digestive -disorders,n

arcotic tissue

removal

Glutaminase

GlnGlu Leukemia

Asparginase

AsnAsp Leukemia

Lysozyme

Bacterial CW hydrolysis

As Antibiotics

Bilirubin oxidase

Bilirubin hydroxylase

hyperbilirubinemia

Enzyme Reaction Use

Rhodanase Degradation of cyanide

Cyanide poisoing

RNase RNA digestion

Antiviral RNA hydrolysis

lactamase PencillinPencilloate

Pencillin allergy

Streptokinase/urokinase

Plasminogenplasmin

Blood clot dissolving

uricase UAallatoin Gout

Hyaluronidase

?HUA hydrolysis

Viral infection

SOD 2O2+2H+H2O2+O2

antioxidant/antiinflammato

ry

urease Urea hydrolysis

Hyperureamia

Arginase Arginine hydrolysis

Cancer

ENZYMES IN DISEASESENZYMES IN DISEASES

OrganOrgan EnzymesEnzymes DiseasesDiseases

LiverLiver ALP,GDH,SGOT,SGPT,Glutamyl ALP,GDH,SGOT,SGPT,Glutamyl Tranferasess,Glutathione S Tranferasess,Glutathione S Tranferases,Tranferases,

Viral/toxic Viral/toxic hepatitis or hepatitis or cirrhosis, cirrhosis, myocardial myocardial infraction,jaundiinfraction,jaundice,ce,

HeartHeart Creatne Kinases,LDH, AST/ALT,Creatne Kinases,LDH, AST/ALT, Myocardial Myocardial

InfractionInfraction,,skelitaskelital muscle l muscle disorders.disorders.

Other Other diseasediseasess

Amylases,Aldolases,TG Amylases,Aldolases,TG Lipases,CK,ALP,ACP,Choline Lipases,CK,ALP,ACP,Choline Esterases,HMG CO A Esterases,HMG CO A Reductases,Xanthine Oxidases,Reductases,Xanthine Oxidases,

GIT disorders, GIT disorders, jaundice,bone jaundice,bone diseases, rickets,diseases, rickets,

Enzyme Deficiency DisordersEnzyme Deficiency Disorders

►Genetic mutation Genetic mutation loss of enz activity\loss of enz activity\► Increased amount of substrate in serumIncreased amount of substrate in serum►Prenatal diagnosis in amniotic fluidPrenatal diagnosis in amniotic fluid►Enzyme therapy for EDD likeEnzyme therapy for EDD like

GalactosemiaGalactosemia Glu.6.phosphate dehydrogenaseGlu.6.phosphate dehydrogenase Chole esterasesChole esterases PhenylketonuriaPhenylketonuria Albinism,alkaptonuria etc.Albinism,alkaptonuria etc.

ENZYME DEFICIENCY ENZYME DEFICIENCY DISEASESDISEASES

DiseasesDiseases EnzymeEnzyme

Gout (X linked Gout (X linked recessive)recessive)

PRPP SynthasePRPP Synthase

Lesch Nyhan Lesch Nyhan SyndromSyndrom

hypoxanthine-guanine-

Phosphoribosyl transferase

Cystic fibrosisCystic fibrosis DNaseDNase

Alcaptonuria Homogentisate Homogentisate oxidaseoxidase

Maple syrup urine disease

(various forms

Branched-chain ketoacid

dehydrogenase

ImmunoinsufficiencImmunoinsufficiency(y(autosomal Recessive)

AdenosinedeaAdenosinedeaminaseminase

Disease Enzyme

Tay-Sachs disease

hexosaminidase A

Krabbe's disease

b-galactosidase

Niemann-Pick disease

sphingomyelinase

Farber's disease ceramidase

Fabry's disease a-galactosidase

Alcaptonuria homogentisate oxidase

Gauchers Gauchers deseasedesease

b-glucosidase

Lactose intolerance

Lactase

Use of Enzymes in Use of Enzymes in determination of Metabolites of determination of Metabolites of

clinical importanceclinical importance

►Blood GlucoseBlood GlucoseGlucose OxidaseGlucose Oxidase►Uric acidUric acidUrate oxidaseUrate oxidase►UreaUreaUreaseUrease►ChlolesterolChlolesterolcholesterol oxidasecholesterol oxidase►CreatininCreatininCK, AmmoniaCK, AmmoniaGDH,GDH,►EthanolEthanolADH, LactateADH, LactateLDH,etc.LDH,etc.

Enzyme inhibitors & Drug Enzyme inhibitors & Drug DesignDesign

Drug/InhibitorDrug/Inhibitor EnzymeEnzyme DiseaseDiseaseMevinolin, Mevinolin,

Copactin, MonacolkCopactin, MonacolkHMG CoA HMG CoA ReductaseReductase

HypercholesteremiHypercholesteremiaa

Penicillins & Penicillins & antibioticsantibiotics

Peptidyl Peptidyl transferase, RNA transferase, RNA polumerases,DNA polumerases,DNA Polymerases etc.Polymerases etc.

Infections after Infections after Surgery,Other Surgery,Other

infectious diseasesinfectious diseases

AllopurineAllopurine Xanthine OxidasesXanthine Oxidases Gout, Gout, HyperureamiaHyperureamia

HIV Protease HIV Protease InhibitorsInhibitors

HIV ProteasesHIV Proteases AIDSAIDS

MethotrexateMethotrexate Folate reductaseFolate reductase Cancer,infections Cancer,infections

EthanolEthanol Alcohol Alcohol DehydrogenaseDehydrogenase

Methanol Methanol poisoning,poisoning,

CANCER THERAPYCANCER THERAPY

PRODRUG DRUG ENZYME

Methotrexate phe. methotrexate Carboxy peptidase A

Etoposide phosphate Etoposide ALP

N bis 2-chloroehyl aminobezoyl glu.

Benzoic acid mustard Carboxypeptidase-G2

Mtomycin phosphate mitomycin ALP

Aniline mustard glucuronide

Aniline mustar Glucuronidase

5-flurrocytosine 5-flurouracinl Cytosine deaminase

2 L amino acyl methotrexate

mmethotrexate aminopeptidase

Assay of Plasma EnzymesAssay of Plasma Enzymes

►Should have a normal range in the Should have a normal range in the plasmaplasma

►Elevated levels are seen in diseasesElevated levels are seen in diseases► Increased levels due to tissue damage, Increased levels due to tissue damage,

cellular proliferation,necrosis,decreased cellular proliferation,necrosis,decreased clearance by kidney,etc.clearance by kidney,etc.

►Tissue specific isoenzymes Tissue specific isoenzymes location of location of damaged tissuedamaged tissue

► used in forensic science.used in forensic science.

ENZYME IMMUNO ASSAYENZYME IMMUNO ASSAY

► Indirect method for measuring the Indirect method for measuring the concentration of substrateconcentration of substrate

► Enzymes are used as a type of amplification Enzymes are used as a type of amplification systemsystem

► Can measure conc. Of hormones, drugs, Can measure conc. Of hormones, drugs, antigenic determinants of pathogens etc.antigenic determinants of pathogens etc.

► Based on the specificity of ag-ab reactionBased on the specificity of ag-ab reaction► Eg:ELISA,Eg:ELISA,►Greater specificity, stability, sensitivity, Greater specificity, stability, sensitivity,

avoiding radioactive subtances than RIAavoiding radioactive subtances than RIA