Enzymes

SC.912.L.18.11O Explain the role of enzymes as

catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.

SC.912.L.18.11O Explain the role of enzymes as

catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.

Biochemical

O Bio- life

O Chemical- A substance with a distinct molecular composition that is produced by or used in a chemical process.

Example of Enzymes in Humans

O Amylase – found in saliva…, breaks down carbohydrates, pH 6.7-7.5

O Pepsin- found in the stomach, breaks bonds between amino acids in proteins, pH 1.5-2.0

O Lactase- found in the lining of the small intestine, pH 6

O Lipase – found in the intestine, pH 7-8

O Polymerase- found in the nucleus, pH 7-8

RibozymesO A NON-Protein Enzyme.

O Until about 20 years ago, all known enzymes were proteins. But then it was discovered that some RNA molecules can act as enzymes.

O Catalytic RNA molecules (nucleic acid) are called ribozymes.

Macromolecule

OCarbohydrate

OLipid

OProtein

ONucleic acid

Protein O Enzyme- A substance produced by a

living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

Lower Activation Energy

Firefly

Bacteria

Question 1What will most likely happen if an appropriate enzyme is added to a chemical reaction? 

O A. The reaction rate will increase.O B. The equilibrium of the reaction will be

maintained. O C. The reaction rate will decrease.O D. The reaction will stop. 

Question 2The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements? 

O A. Enzymes function best at a specific temperature.

O B. The body needs to be warm to prevent hypothermia.

O C. The body is kept relatively warm to prevent too much enzyme action. 

O D. There is no connection between the two statements. 

Use the graph to determine the optimal temperature

range in °Celsius for the human enzyme.

a. 35-40 b. 75-80

c. 1.5-2.25

d. 7.9-8.5

Question 3

Question 4The enzyme lactase will break down the sugar lactose into which of the following components? 

O A. monosaccharides B. nucleic acids

O C. amino acids D. phospholipids

Two Monosaccharides