Enzymes

Word Endings

Sugars end in __________· glucose· fructose· maltose

Enzymes end in __________· maltase· protease· lactase

Humans that are lactose intolerant don't produce the enzyme lactase to digest milk

sugar

Enzymes can break _______ down, or put

________ together.

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=enzyme+action&view=detail&mid=266902AB5627FB3EE9CC266902AB5627FB3EE9CC&first=0&FORM=LKVR

A ________ reaction is a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals.

chemical slowlyquickly reactantsproducts

Some chemical reactions occur ________, such as the

combination of iron and oxygen to form an iron oxide called rust.

Other reactions occur _________. When hydrogen

gas is ignited in the presence of oxygen, the

reaction is rapid and explosive.

The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction are known as ___________. The resulting material produced by that reaction are known as _______.

2H2 + O2 2H2O

Some chemical reactions ________ energy & other chemical reactions ________ energy.

release absorb energy plants animals activation energy

What significance do these energy changes

have for living things? In order to stay alive,

organisms need to carry out reactions that require __________. Thus, every

organism must have a source of energy to carry out chemical reactions.

________ get their energy by trapping and storing the energy from sunlight in energy-rich compounds.

_________ get their energy when they consume plants or

other animals.

Chemists call the energy that is needed to get a reaction started the _____________________.

Some chemical reactions that make life possible are too _______, or have activation energies that are too ______ to make them practical for living

tissue.

A __________ is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. Catalysts work by

_________ a reaction's activation energy.

_____________ are known as catalysts.

slow high catalyst lowering ENZYMES

ENZYMES are a type of _________________ Enzymes work like a ___________________ - the substrate is the

lock and the enzyme is the key_____________ - they only work with one particular substrate

(remember a key only fits one lock)______________ - can be used over and over (the same key can

fit a lock again and again)Affected by __________________ - can denature at high levels

(reason why high fever can be life- threatening; the key gets bent and won't work in the lock any longer)

Affected by ________- can denature at extreme pH______________ - speeds up a chemical reaction (the quickest

way to get in your house is by using the lock & key - not the only way, but the quickest way)

proteinlock & key specificreusable temperature pH catalyst

KEY CONCEPTS ABOUT ENZYMES

And now…. time for a review quiz

_ _ _ _ & _ _ _

ENZYME PRODUCT SUBSTRATE

ENZYMATIC ACTION

Catalysts _ _ _ _ _ up chemical reactions by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the activation energy that

gets the reaction going

MATCH THE LETTERS (A-F) TO THESE TERMS:

Reactants

Products

Activation energy without enzyme

Activation energy with enzyme

Reaction pathway without enzyme

Reaction pathway with enzyme

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Not used up in a

chemical reaction.

Eventually, like most proteins, will slowly ‘wear out’ and be

eliminated by the body. New ones are quickly manufactured by the

cell(s).

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1:1relationship

between type of

enzyme & type of

substrate

Affected by high

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The ‘white’ of a chicken egg is pure protein (albumin).

The yolk is mostly fat and cholesterol.

Temperatures greatly higher than the normal body environment can cause

proteins to begin to ‘denature’. This is why a high fever can cause problems

with digestion and thought processes. On the other hand, many bacteria are

even more sensitive to higher temperatures. This is why a fever kills

them when you’re sick.

AffectedBy

Extreme__ __

ACIDIC

BASIC

NEUTRAL

0.0

7.0

14.0

Average human pH ~ 7.2-7.4