關鍵解析 - nani.com.t · 4 100 年指考試題關鍵解析 9. with wikileaks releasing secrets...

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英文考科 1 英文考科 指考試題 關鍵解析 100 100 年指定科目考試英文考科較以往數年來得困難。學科能力測驗偏易,指定科目考 試偏難,這對高中英文教學將是一大挑戰!在這份《100 年指考試題關鍵解析》中,我們 將與所有老師們一起探索考題的變化,一起討論教學的方法,一起思考教育的本質。 整體而言,100 年指定科目考試英文考科最大的特色、變化與教學參考之道如下: 1. 應付指考所需要的詞彙量明顯比應付學測所需要的詞彙量大許多。在學生學習的過程 中,需要累積大量的詞彙。在學生準備「學測」的階段,可以設法使學生具備 5,0006,000 字的詞彙量以應付考試。 2. 新聞英文是考題的趨勢之一。建議可以在課堂教學時,補充新聞英文的詞彙、片語給 學生。 3. 重要文法、句型、介系詞的考法,是可以透過練習歷屆試題而習得的。帶領學生練習 部分歷屆試題,並提供評量。例如,每星期有一節課帶領學生練習歷屆試題(只挑選 經典試題進行講解),並根據該年度重要試題「重點」設計全新的「模擬試題卷」或 「隨堂練習卷」供學生練習或評量成效。這樣做不但可以讓學生閱覽歷屆試題,更幫 助他們熟悉重點、訓練他們應用重點。 4. 100 年指考文意選填最大的特點是:文章只有 10 格,卻有 12 個備選答案。學生必須 有精準的句型分析能力,方能穩健地選答。 5. 與文意選填一樣,100 年指考篇章結構的文章只有 5 格空格,卻有 6 句備選答案。學 生必須有閱讀邏輯能力,才能正確地選答。篇章結構是測驗學生思路的考題。建議教 師們在高一到高三帶領學生閱覽課文時,能在教授課文之後,帶領學生使用南一版課 本每課課後練習的「閱讀網絡圖」,掌握文章架構。 6. 試題內容帶領學生進行「價值觀」方面的思考。教育是「希望工程」。透過教育,啟 發人文,也就是我們要「教之以禮,育之以德」,「禮就是理」。 7. 試題內容貼近學生的生活。在日常生活中,可引導、鼓勵學生對於生活事件多思考。 這有助於學生考得高分、斬獲成功。 透過這份《100 年指考試題關鍵解析》,編者祝福師生們能擁有良好的教育環境。 「該做的事,要有毅力與勇氣,堅持到底不畏艱難。」我們一起努力成為能夠發揮良能 的人師。

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Page 1: 關鍵解析 - nani.com.t · 4 100 年指考試題關鍵解析 9. With Wikileaks releasing secrets about governments around the world, many countries are worried that their national

英文考科 1

英文考科

指考試題關鍵解析

100年

100 年指定科目考試英文考科較以往數年來得困難。學科能力測驗偏易,指定科目考

試偏難,這對高中英文教學將是一大挑戰!在這份《100 年指考試題關鍵解析》中,我們

將與所有老師們一起探索考題的變化,一起討論教學的方法,一起思考教育的本質。

整體而言,100 年指定科目考試英文考科 大的特色、變化與教學參考之道如下:

1. 應付指考所需要的詞彙量明顯比應付學測所需要的詞彙量大許多。在學生學習的過程

中,需要累積大量的詞彙。在學生準備「學測」的階段,可以設法使學生具備 5,000~

6,000 字的詞彙量以應付考試。

2. 新聞英文是考題的趨勢之一。建議可以在課堂教學時,補充新聞英文的詞彙、片語給

學生。

3. 重要文法、句型、介系詞的考法,是可以透過練習歷屆試題而習得的。帶領學生練習

部分歷屆試題,並提供評量。例如,每星期有一節課帶領學生練習歷屆試題(只挑選

經典試題進行講解),並根據該年度重要試題「重點」設計全新的「模擬試題卷」或

「隨堂練習卷」供學生練習或評量成效。這樣做不但可以讓學生閱覽歷屆試題,更幫

助他們熟悉重點、訓練他們應用重點。

4. 100 年指考文意選填 大的特點是:文章只有 10 格,卻有 12 個備選答案。學生必須

有精準的句型分析能力,方能穩健地選答。

5. 與文意選填一樣,100 年指考篇章結構的文章只有 5 格空格,卻有 6 句備選答案。學

生必須有閱讀邏輯能力,才能正確地選答。篇章結構是測驗學生思路的考題。建議教

師們在高一到高三帶領學生閱覽課文時,能在教授課文之後,帶領學生使用南一版課

本每課課後練習的「閱讀網絡圖」,掌握文章架構。

6. 試題內容帶領學生進行「價值觀」方面的思考。教育是「希望工程」。透過教育,啟

發人文,也就是我們要「教之以禮,育之以德」,「禮就是理」。

7. 試題內容貼近學生的生活。在日常生活中,可引導、鼓勵學生對於生活事件多思考。

這有助於學生考得高分、斬獲成功。

透過這份《100 年指考試題關鍵解析》,編者祝福師生們能擁有良好的教育環境。

「該做的事,要有毅力與勇氣,堅持到底不畏艱難。」我們一起努力成為能夠發揮良能

的人師。

前 言

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2 100 年指考試題關鍵解析

第壹部分:選擇題(占 72 分)

一、詞彙(10 分)

說明︰第 1 題至第 10 題,每題 4 個選項,其中只有 1 個是 適當的選項,畫記在答案卡之

「選擇題答案區」。各題答對得 1 分,未作答、答錯、或畫記多於 1 個選項者,該題

以零分計算。

1. Many people think cotton is the most comfortable ________ to wear in hot weather.

(A) fabric (B) coverage (C) software (D) wardrobe

【答 案】(A)

【命題出處】software 南一版第五冊第十課

【試題解析】很多人覺得棉是在炎熱的天氣裡穿起來 舒服的布料。

(A)布料 (B)覆蓋範圍 (C)軟體 (D)衣櫥

2. Because of the engine problem in the new vans, the auto company decided to ________ them from

the market.

(A) recall (B) clarify (C) transform (D) polish

【答 案】(A)

【命題出處】recall 南一版第三冊第一課

【試題解析】這間汽車公司因為新廂型車的引擎問題,決定將它們從市場召回。

(A)召回 (B)澄清 (C)轉變 (D)擦亮

3. After a day’s tiring work, Peter walked ________ back to his house, hungry and sleepy.

(A) splendidly (B) thoroughly (C) wearily (D) vaguely

【答 案】(C)

【命題出處】wearily 南一版第三冊第四課

【試題解析】Peter 經過一天疲累的工作,疲倦地走回他的房子,感到又餓又睏。

(A)壯麗地 (B)徹底地 (C)疲倦地 (D)含糊地

4. In team sports, how all members work as a group is more important than how they perform

________.

(A) frequently (B) typically (C) individually (D) completely

【答 案】(C)

【命題出處】individually 南一版第三冊第三課

【試題解析】在團體運動裡,所有成員們如何團結合作比他們如何單獨地表現更重要。

(A)頻繁地 (B)典型地 (C)單獨地 (D)完整地

試題詳解與分析

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英文考科 3

5. Despite her physical disability, the young blind pianist managed to overcome all ________ to win

the first prize in the international contest.

(A) privacy (B) ambition (C) fortunes (D) obstacles

【答 案】(D)

【命題出處】ambition 南一版第六冊第七課

【試題解析】儘管那位年輕的眼盲鋼琴家有身體上的殘疾,她仍成功克服所有的障礙贏得國際

大賽的首獎。

(A)隱私 (B)野心 (C)財富 (D)障礙

註:disability (n.) 殘疾/overcome (v.) 克服

6. Each of the planets in the solar system circles around the sun in its own ________, and this

prevents them from colliding with each other.

(A) entry (B) haste (C) orbit (D) range

【答 案】(C)

【命題出處】entry 南一版第三冊第三課

【試題解析】在太陽系裡的每一個行星在它獨自的軌道上環繞著太陽運行,這避免了它們互相

撞擊。

(A)入口 (B)匆忙 (C)天體運行軌道 (D)範圍

註:solar system (n.) 太陽系/planet (n.) 行星/collide (v.) 碰撞

7. Professor Wang is well known for his contributions to the field of economics. He has been

________ to help the government with its financial reform programs.

(A) recruited (B) contradicted (C) mediated (D) generated

【答 案】(A)

【命題出處】generate 南一版第一冊第六課

【試題解析】王教授因為在經濟學領域有所貢獻而享有盛名。他已經受聘協助政府的財政改革

方案。

(A)聘用 (B)矛盾 (C)調停 (D)產生

註:financial (adj.) 財政的/reform (n.) 改革

8. Most earthquakes are too small to be noticed; they can only be detected by ________ instruments.

(A) manual (B) sensitive

(C) portable (D) dominant

【答 案】(B)

【命題出處】sensitive 南一版第四冊第八課

【試題解析】大多數的地震太小而無法被注意到;只有靈敏的儀器能偵測到它們。

(A)手工的 (B)靈敏的 (C)可攜帶的 (D)統治的

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4 100 年指考試題關鍵解析

9. With Wikileaks releasing secrets about governments around the world, many countries are worried

that their national security information might be ________.

(A) relieved (B) disclosed (C) condensed (D) provoked

【答 案】(B)

【命題出處】relieve 南一版第二冊第六課

【試題解析】隨著維基解密釋出世界各國政府的祕密,很多國家擔心他們的國家安全資訊會被

公開。

(A)減輕 (B)揭露 (C)壓縮 (D)挑釁

10. I’m afraid we can’t take your word, for the evidence we’ve collected so far is not ________ with

what you said.

(A) familiar (B) consistent (C) durable (D) sympathetic

【答 案】(B)

【命題出處】consistent 南一版第二冊第九課

【試題解析】我恐怕我們不能相信你的話,因為我們目前蒐到的證據與你說的話並不一致。

(A)相似 (B)一致;吻合 (C)持久的 (D)有同情心的

註:be consistent with ... (v.) 與…一致

詞彙趨勢分析 1. 第 3 題的答案 wearily(疲倦地)、第 6 題的答案 orbit(軌道)、第 7 題的答案 recruit

(聘用)均不是常用的簡易詞彙。由此可知,應付指考所需要的詞彙量明顯比應付學測

所需要的詞彙量大許多。

2. 第 7 題以「經濟改革」為試題背景,第 9 題以「維基解密」為試題背景。由此可知,新

聞英文也是考題的趨勢之一。

3. 第 10 題考片語 be consistent with ...(與…一致)。由此可知,重要片語與字詞搭配也是

測驗目標之一。此種考法可以激勵學生準備英文詞彙時務必參閱例句。

詞彙教學建議

1. 隨著指考的用詞難度與年俱增,建議教師們多鼓勵學生熟習大考中心詞彙表第 5 級與第

6 級的詞彙。

2. 教師在進行教學時,宜加強學生實際應用詞彙的能力。建議老師可以透過「句型翻譯」

與「短文寫作」來增進學生「應用詞彙」的能力。

3. 新聞英文已經是全國師生容易取得的教學資源。師生若能珍惜資源並善加利用,必能獲

得良性互動與成效。建議老師可提醒學生務必在考前閱覽新聞英文的「主題」詞彙;也

就是說,學生必須認識重大議題的重要詞彙,例如「維基解密」、「核能電廠」、「土

壤液化」、「少子化」等詞彙的英文用語就是學生該認識的標的。

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英文考科 5

二、綜合測驗(10分)

說明︰第 11 題至第 20 題,每題 1 個空格。請依文意選出 適當的 1 個選項,畫記在答案卡

之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對得 1 分,未作答、答錯、或畫記多於 1 個選項者,該

題以零分計算。

(11~15)

Handling customer claims is a common task for most business firms. These claims include

requests to exchange merchandise, requests for refunds, requests that work 11______, and other requests

for adjustments. Most of these claims are approved because they are legitimate. However, some

requests for adjustment must be 12______, and an adjustment refusal message must be sent. Adjustment

refusals are negative messages for the customer. They are necessary when the customer is 13______ or

when the vendor has done all that can reasonably or legally be expected.

An adjustment refusal message requires your best communication skills 14______ it is bad news to

the receiver. You have to refuse the claim and retain the customer 15______. You may refuse the request

for adjustment and even try to sell the customer more merchandise or service. All this is happening

when the customer is probably angry, disappointed, or inconvenienced.

11. (A) is correct (B) to be correct

(C) is corrected (D) be corrected

12. (A) retailed (B) denied (C) appreciated (D) elaborated

13. (A) at fault (B) on call (C) in tears (D) off guard

14. (A) till (B) unless (C) because (D) therefore

15. (A) by and large (B) over and over

(C) at the same time (D) for the same reason

【答 案】11. (D) 12. (B) 13. (A) 14. (C) 15. (C) 【概念中心】11. 能掌握詞各種句法結構。

12. 能掌握詞彙在篇章中的文意。

13. 能掌握詞彙在篇章中的文意。

14. 能掌握詞彙在篇章中的文意。

15. 能掌握詞彙在篇章中的文意。

【注 釋】

merchandize (n.) 商品/legitimate (adj.) 合法的/vendor (n.) 攤販

【文章中譯】

處理消費者的要求對大部分商業公司來說是很普遍的工作。這些要求包括請求換貨、請求

退貨、請求修正產品、請求其他調整。因為合法,這些要求大多數是被允許的。然而,有些調

整的請求必須被拒絕,而且拒絕調整的訊息必須送出。拒絕調整對消費者來說是負面的訊息。

但當問題出在消費者身上,或是當賣主已經做了合理或合法地處理,這些訊息是必要的。

一個拒絕調整的訊息需要你有最好的溝通技巧,因為這對顧客來說是個壞消息。你必須同

時拒絕要求並留住顧客。你可以拒絕調整的請求,甚至試圖向消費者推銷更多商品或服務。這

些都發生在當消費者大概在生氣、失望或不方便的時候。

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6 100 年指考試題關鍵解析

【試題解析】

11. 建議、要求、堅持、命令+that+S+(should+) 需用原形動詞。如 I advised that he revise

his autobiography.。原句為 I advised that he should revise his autobiography.。

12. (A)零售 (B)拒絕 (C)感激 (D)精心製作

13. (A)有問題 (B)隨叫隨到 (C)流淚 (D)不設防

14. (A)直到 (B)除非 (C)因為 (D)因此

15. (A)總的來說 (B)一次又一次 (C)同時 (D)因為同樣的原因

(16~20)

People may express their feelings differently on different occasions. Cultures sometimes vary

greatly in this regard. A group of researchers in Japan, 16______, studied the facial reactions of students

to a horror film. When the Japanese students watched the film 17______ the teacher present, their faces

showed only the slightest hints of reaction. But when they thought they were alone (though they

18______ by a secret camera), their faces twisted into vivid mixes of anguished distress, fear, and

disgust.

The study also shows that there are several unspoken rules about how feelings should be 19______

shown on different occasions. One of the most common rules is minimizing the show of emotion. This

is the Japanese norm for feelings of distress 20______ someone in authority, which explains why the

students masked their upset with a poker face in the experiment.

16. (A) as usual (B) in some cases (C) to be frank (D) for example

17. (A) of (B) as (C) from (D) with

18. (A) were being taped (B) had taped (C) are taping (D) have been taped

19. (A) rarely (B) similarly (C) properly (D) critically

20. (A) with the help of (B) in the presence of

(C) on top of (D) in place of

【答 案】16. (D) 17. (D) 18. (A) 19. (C) 20. (B) 【概念中心】16. 能掌握詞彙在篇章中的文意。

17. 能掌握詞彙在篇章中的文意。

18. 能掌握各種句法結構。

19. 能掌握詞彙在篇章中的文意。

20. 能掌握詞彙在篇章中的文意。

【注 釋】

occasion (n.) 場合/hint (n.) 暗示/vivid (adj.) 鮮明的/anguished (adj.) 惱人的/

minimize (v.) 最小化/authority (n.) 權威

【文章中譯】

人們表達情緒會隨著不同的場合而有所不同。有時候文化是造就其中巨大差異的原因。舉

例來說,日本的一個研究團隊研究過學生在看恐怖片時的臉部反應。當日本學生在看影片時若

有老師在場,他們的表情只出現最輕微的反應暗示。但當他們覺得他們是獨自一人時(雖然被

隱藏的攝影機給拍下),他們的臉部表情扭曲,混合著鮮明的、痛苦的壓力、恐懼,與厭惡。

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英文考科 7

研究也顯示,有一些潛規則說明該如何在不同的場合中適當表達自我感覺。其中最常見的

一種就是盡可能壓抑情緒的表達。這是日本人在權威者面前處理憂慮感的標準作法,這解釋了

為什麼學生在此實驗中會用面無表情來掩飾其焦慮。

【試題解析】

16. (A)一如往常 (B)在某些情況下 (C)坦白來說 (D)舉例

17. 文意為「當日本學生在看影片時若有老師在場,他們的表情只出現 輕微的反應暗示。」故

選(D) with,表示「附帶」狀況。

18. tape 在此要作「被動態」,且時態為「過去進行式」,故選(A) were being taped。

19. (A)很少地 (B)類似地 (C)適當地 (D)苛求地

20. (A)在…的幫助下 (B)有…在場 (C)在…頂部 (D)代替

綜合測驗趨勢分析 1. 近年來,有關「行銷(marketing)」的文章有時會成為學測、指考、統測、多益、托福

等考試的試題。對此主題的背景知識宜多用心。

2. 「文化(culture)」主題的文章也常是考試的選文。

3. 第 11 題考動詞 request(請求)的用法,此用法常編於句型、文法書中「助動詞」的單

元。指考的文法試題比例雖不是太高,但仍舊是學生們務必準備的方向。

4. 第 17 題考介系詞 with 表示「附帶」的用法。過去數年的學測、指考亦考過此用法。可

見重要文法、句型、介系詞的考法,是可以透過練習歷屆試題而習得的。

5. 第 18 題考「時態」。本題能測驗學生中、英文的區分。中文欠缺時態的多元變化,但英

文時態則必須考量「時間」、「狀態」,並斟酌「語態」。由此考題可見,學生應培養

以英文思考英文的能力,而非為了應付考試才讀英文。

6. 從前後文意推斷「連接詞」、「副詞」一直是「綜合測驗」的基本考法,故考生要加強

閱讀邏輯能力。

綜合測驗教學建議

1. 建議教師們進行課文教學時,可以常常帶領學生分析句子的句型、文法,以幫助學生熟

練常用的英文表達。

2. 前後文意的理解、推理是語言學習的 重要部分之一。此部分反映在指考的綜合測驗就

是「透過前後文意」考「詞彙」、「片語」。教師們若能少量、持續地額外補充「閱讀

文選」給學生,並適度導讀,將可以在不造成學生重大壓力的情況下,穩定地增進學生

的語言能力。

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8 100 年指考試題關鍵解析

三、文意選填(10分)

說明︰第 21 題至第 30 題,每題 1 個空格。請依文意在文章後所提供的( )A 到( )L 選項中分別選

出 適當者,並將其英文字母代號畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對得 1

分,未作答、答錯、或畫記多於 1 個選項者,該題以零分計算。

(21~30)

The history of the written word goes back 6,000 years. Words express feelings, open doors into

the 21______, create pictures of worlds never seen, and allow adventures never dared. Therefore, the

original 22______ of words, such as storytellers, poets, and singers, were respected in all cultures in the

past.

But now the romance is 23______. Imagination is being surpassed by the instant picture. In a

triumphant march, movies, TV, videos, and DVDs are 24______ storytellers and books. A visual culture

is taking over the world—at the 25______ of the written word. Our literacy, and with it our verbal and

communication skills, are in 26______ decline.

The only category of novel that is 27______ ground in our increasingly visual world is the graphic

novel. A growing number of adults and young people worldwide are reading graphic novels, and

educators are beginning to realize the power of this 28______. The graphic novel looks like a comic

book, but it is longer, more sophisticated, and may come in black and white or multiple 29______ and

appear in many sizes. In fact, some of the most interesting, daring, and most heartbreaking art being

created right now is being published in graphic novels. Graphic novels 30______ the opportunity to

examine the increasingly visual world of communications today while exploring serious social and

literary topics. The graphic novel can be used to develop a sense of visual literacy, in much the same

way that students are introduced to art appreciation.

( )A expense ( )B fading ( )C colors ( )D research ( )E replacing

( )F offer ( )G users ( )H rapid ( )I gaining ( )J medium

( )K circular ( )L unknown

【答 案】21. ( )L 22. ( )G 23. ( )B 24. ( )E 25. ( )A 26. ( )H 27. ( )I 28. ( )J 29. ( )C 30. ( )F 【概念中心】21.~30. 能掌握詞彙的語意內涵,並適切的加以應用。

【注 釋】

adventure (n.) 冒險/storyteller (n.) 說書人/surpass (v.) 超越/instant (adj.) 即時的/

triumphant (adj.) 勝利的/march (n.) 遊行/visual (adj.) 視覺的/literacy (n.) 讀寫能力/

take ... over (v.) 接管/category (n.) 種類/increasingly (adv.) 愈來愈/graphic (adj.) 圖解的/

worldwide (adv.) 在世界各地/ground (n.) 範圍/sophisticated (adj.) 複雜的/

multiple (adj.) 多樣的/publish (v.) 出版/opportunity (n.) 機會/appreciation (n.) 欣賞

【文章中譯】

文字的歷史可追溯到六千年前。文字表達情感,打開了通往未知的門,創造了世界從沒看

過的圖像,也讓我們能夠挑戰從未挑戰過的冒險。因此,文字的原創使用者,例如說書者、詩

人和歌手,在過去文化裡都是被尊敬的。

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英文考科 9

但是現在浪漫消逝了。想像力被即時照片給超越了。電影、電視、影片和 DVD 在勝利的遊

行裡取代了說書人和書本。視覺文化接管了世界─以犧牲文字為代價。我們的讀寫能力和我們

口頭表達與溝通技巧正快速衰退。

在這個日益茁壯的視覺世界裡唯一有所成長的的小說種類是圖像小說。全世界有愈來愈多

成年人和年輕人閱讀圖像小說,而且教育家也開始了解到此媒介的力量。圖像小說看起來像漫

畫,但是它篇幅更長也較複雜,它可能是黑白或彩色的,也用各種不同的大小出版。事實上,

現在被創造出的一些最有趣、最大膽、最令人心碎的藝術作品都是以圖像小說的形式出版。圖

像小說提供一個機會去檢驗現今這個日益茁壯的視覺世界的交流,同時也探索這個嚴肅的社會

和有關讀寫的主題。圖像小說可以被用來發展視覺素養,就好像學生被介紹如何欣賞藝術。

【試題解析】

( )A 代價 ( )B 消逝 ( )C 色彩 ( )D 研究 ( )E 取代 ( )F 提供

( )G 使用者 ( )H 快速的 ( )I 獲得 ( )J 媒介 ( )K 循環的 ( )L 未知的

21. open doors into the ______,後面須接名詞,選( )L unknown。

22. original 為形容詞,後面須接名詞,依文意選( )G users。

23. 後一句為圖像超越了想像力,可得文意應為浪漫「消逝」了,選( )B fading。

24. 後一句為視覺文化接管了世界,可推出說書人和書本被「取代」了,故選( )E replacing。

25. at the expense of ... (adv.) 以…為代價

26. 空格後為名詞 decline(衰退),前為介系詞 in,可知中間應接形容詞,故選( )H rapid。

27. 依據文意選( )I gaining。

28. 空格必須為名詞,故選出 適合的( )J medium。

29. 空格前為 black and white(黑白的),可之後方應為「彩色(multiple colors)」,故選( )C 。

30. 空格應為動詞,故選( )F offer。

文意選填趨勢分析 1. 本文探討「人類文明的變化」。此主題熱門的議題除了「圖像取代文字」之外,尚有

「電子書取代紙本書籍」、「重視休閒勝過克勤克儉」、「人類合作取代競爭」等。

2. 考題重點與以往數年的指考文意選填重點相同,均是以「八大詞類」、「五大句型」為

基礎知識,結合高中 7,000 字。

3. 但 100 年指考文意選填 大的特點是:文章只有 10 格,卻有 12 個備選答案。學生必須

有精準的句型分析能力,才能正確地選答。

文意選填教學建議

1. 建議教師在進行課文教學時,每課都可選一段帶領學生進行「五大句型」的分析訓練,

藉此加強學生英文句型、詞類觀念,進而提升學生讀寫能力,避免學生運用中式英文。

2. 指考文意選填的備選答案幾乎都是大考中心第 3、4、5 級的詞彙,故教師們若能常常為

學生複習課本第 4、5 冊的詞彙,對學生應考一定大有幫助。

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10 100 年指考試題關鍵解析

四、篇章結構(10分)

說明︰第 31 題至第 35 題,每題 1 個空格。請依文意在文章後所提供的( )A 到( )F 選項中分別選

出 適當者,填入空格中,使篇章結構清晰有條理,並將其英文字母代號標示在答案

卡之「選擇題答案區」。每題答對得 2 分,未作答、答錯、或畫記多於 1 個選項者,

該題以零分計算。

(31~35)

The effect of bullying can be serious and even lead to tragedy. Unfortunately, it is still a mostly

unresearched area.

31______ That year two shotgun-wielding students, both of whom had been identified as gifted and

who had been bullied for years, killed 13 people, wounded 24 and then committed suicide. A year later

an analysis by the US government found that bullying played a major role in more than two-thirds of

the campus violence.

32______ Numerous dictators and invaders throughout history have tried to justify their bullying

behavior by claiming that they themselves were bullied. 33______ Although it is no justification for

bullying, many of the worst humans in history have indeed been bullies and victims of bullying.

Since bullying is mostly ignored, it may provide an important clue in crowd behavior and passer-

by behavior. 34______ Many of them have suggested bullying as one of the reasons of this decline in

emotional sensitivity and acceptance of violence as normal. When someone is bullied, it is not only the

bully and the victim who are becoming less sensitive to violence. 35______ In this sense, bullying

affects not only the bullied but his friends and classmates and the whole society.

( )A Hitler, for example, is claimed to have been a victim of bullying in his childhood.

( )B Campus bullying is becoming a serious problem in some high schools in big cities.

( )C The friends and classmates of the bully and the victim may accept the violence as normal.

( )D Research indicates that bullying may form a chain reaction and the victim often becomes the bully.

( )E Psychologists have been puzzled by the inactivity of crowds and bystanders in urban centers when

crimes occur in crowded places.

( )F The link between bullying and school violence has attracted increasing attention since the 1999

tragedy at a Colorado high school.

【答 案】31. ( )F 32. ( )D 33. ( )A 34. ( )E 35. ( )C 【概念中心】31.~35. 能掌握文句在篇章中的文意。

【注 釋】

shotgun-wielding (adj.) 放蕩不羈的/identify (v.) 識別/wound (v.) 傷害的/

commit suicide (v.) 自殺/analysis (n.) 分析/campus (n.) 校園/numerous (adj.) 很多的/

justify (v.) 為…辯護/justification (n.) 正當理由/victim (n.) 受害者/sensitivity (n.) 敏感度/

acceptance (n.) 接受/normal (adj.) 正常的

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英文考科 11

【文章中譯】

霸凌的影響可以是很嚴重的,甚至導致悲劇。不幸地,霸凌的大部分影響依舊是未被查證

的領域。

自從 1999 年在 Colorado 高中發生悲劇後,霸凌和校園暴力的關聯已引起愈來愈多的注意。

那一年,兩個放蕩不羈的學生,他們都被認為天資聰穎,但都受霸凌多年,他們在殺了十三個

人,並造成二十四人受傷後自殺。一年過後,一份美國政府所做的分析顯示出霸凌在校園暴力

裡佔超過三分之二的原因。

調查指出霸凌可能形成連鎖效應,而受害者往往都會成為加害者。縱觀歷史,多數的獨裁

者和侵略者都試圖以曾受霸凌來解釋他們的侵略行為。舉例來說,希特勒宣稱他童年時曾是霸

凌的受害者。雖然這不能算是霸凌的理由,但歷史上許多窮兇惡極的人都確實受霸凌,成為霸

凌的受害者。

因為霸凌大部分都被忽略,它可能為群體行為和過路人行為提供了一個重要的線索。當犯

罪出現在擁擠的市中心地區,群眾和旁觀者不出手制止,對此心理學家困惑許久。許多心理學

家已經暗示,霸凌的原因之一是對外界情緒感受性的減弱和接受暴力為正常現象。當某人受霸

凌,不只是霸凌和受害者本身對暴力不敏感。霸凌的朋友和同學們以及受害者可能接受這種暴

力行為並將之視為正常現象。在這個情況下,霸凌行為不只影響受害者,也影響他的朋友、同

學,乃至整個社會。

( )A 舉例來說,希特勒宣稱他童年時曾是霸凌的受害者。

( )B 在許多大城市的高中,校園霸凌已變成了一個嚴重的問題。

( )C 霸凌的朋友和同學,以及受害者可能接受這種暴力行為並且將之視為正常現象。

( )D 調查指出霸凌可能形成連鎖效應,而受害者往往都會成為加害者。

( )E 當犯罪出現在擁擠的市中心地區,群眾和旁觀者不出手制止,對此心理學家困惑許久。

( )F 自從 1999 年在 Colorado 高中發生悲劇後,霸凌和校園暴力的關聯已引起愈來愈多的注意。

【試題解析】

31. 後方句子敘述兩個學生發生的事件,故應選( )F 。

32. 後方句子敘述多數的獨裁者和侵略者都試圖以曾受霸凌來解釋他們的侵略行為,故得知前方

應為一個調查,故選( )D 。

33. 依前後文意,本句為舉例,故選( )A 。

34. 後方句子為 Many of them have suggested ...,them 指的應是前方句子的主詞,故選( )E 。

35. 後方句子提到對朋友和同學們的影響,故前方句子應為( )C 。

篇章結構趨勢分析 1. 本文介紹熱門議題「霸凌(bullying)」。近年來,新聞英文的議題常成為考題。例如,

當年若發生了重大海嘯,考題就可能考海嘯發生的原因、帶來的影響、預防的方法等。

2. 本文文章難度明顯比學測文章難度高出許多。對此學生們要知道,準備指考的第一大關

鍵是單字量一定要擴大。

3. 100 年指考篇章結構與去年不同的是,有 6 句備選答案,但只有五個句子需選填。學生

要有閱讀的邏輯判斷能力,才能從選項中找出適切的答案。

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12 100 年指考試題關鍵解析

篇章結構教學建議

1. 在考前一年的期間,可為學生準備「新聞英文」的重點整理資料,選輯出「新聞事件」

與「延伸議題」各一篇或數篇。例如,臺灣塑化劑事件後,教師們若能為學生選輯出一

篇內容為「塑化劑事件」的篇章試題,外加一篇內容為「行銷與食品安全」的延伸試題,

將對學生有莫大助益。

2. 作答篇章結構需要精準的邏輯,學生必須釐清「先後」、「因果」、「輕重」等關係,而

此能力來自規律的閱讀,平常就應加強生的閱讀與邏輯能力,在面對篇章結構題型時,

才能從容應付。我們可以一起靜思,思考出適合我們的學生的閱讀策略。

五、閱讀測驗(32分)

說明︰第 36 題至第 51 題,每題請分別根據各篇文章的文意選出 適當的 1 個選項,畫記在

答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對得 2 分,未作答、答錯、或畫記多於 1 個選項

者,該題以零分計算。

(36~39)

Since the times of the Greeks and Romans, truffles have been used in Europe as delicacies and

even as medicines. They are among the most expensive of the world’s natural foods, often

commanding as much as US$250 to US$450 per pound. Truffles are actually mushrooms, but unusual

ones. They live in close association with the roots of specific trees and their fruiting bodies grow

underground. This is why they are difficult to find.

Truffles are harvested in Europe with the aid of female pigs or truffle dogs, which are able to

detect the strong smell of mature truffles underneath the surface of the ground. Female pigs are

especially sensitive to the odor of the truffles because it is similar to the smell given off by male pigs.

The use of pigs is risky, though, because of their natural tendency to eat any remotely edible thing. For

this reason, dogs have been trained to dig into the ground wherever they find this odor, and they

willingly exchange their truffle for a piece of bread and a pat on the head. Some truffle merchants dig

for their prizes themselves when they see truffle flies hovering around the base of a tree. Once a site

has been discovered, truffles can be collected in subsequent years.

To enjoy the wonderful flavor of what has been described as an earthly jewel, you must eat fresh,

uncooked specimens shortly after they have been harvested. The strength of their flavor decreases

rapidly with time, and much of it is lost before some truffles reach the market. To preserve them,

gourmet experts suggest putting them in closed glass jars in a refrigerator. Another recommendation is

to store them whole in bland oil.

36. Why do some people prefer using dogs than pigs in search of truffles?

(A) Dogs have stronger paws to dig. (B) Dogs usually won’t eat the truffles found.

(C) Dogs have a better sense of smell than pigs. (D) Dogs are less likely to get excited than pigs.

37. What is the best way to enjoy truffles as a delicacy?

(A) Eating them cooked with pork. (B) Eating them uncooked with bland oil.

(C) Eating them fresh right after being collected. (D) Eating them after being refrigerated.

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英文考科 13

38. Which of the following statements is true?

(A) Truffles are roots of some old trees.

(B) Truffles can be found only by dogs and pigs.

(C) Truffles send out a strong odor when they mature.

(D) Truffles cannot be collected at the same place repeatedly.

39. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

(A) Truffles sold in glass jars are tasteless.

(B) Truffles taste like fruit when eaten fresh.

(C) Truffles are only used for cooking nowadays.

(D) Truffles are expensive because they are difficult to find.

【答 案】36. (B) 37. (C) 38. (C) 39. (D) 【概念中心】36. 能掌握文章內容細節之間的關係。 37. 能找尋特定的資訊。

38. 能掌握文章內容細節之間的關係。

39. 能掌握全文內容與細節進而推論出正確答案。

【注 釋】

truffle (n.) 松露/mushroom (n.) 香菇/association (n.) 關聯/harvest (v.) 收穫/

mature (adj.) 成熟的/underneath (prep.) 在…下面/especially (adv.) 特別地/

sensitive (adj.) 敏感的/odor (n.) 氣味/pat (n.) 拍/merchant (n.) 商人/

subsequent (adj.) 接下來的/decrease (v.) 減少/rapidly (adv.) 快速地/gourmet (n.) 美食家/

recommendation (n.) 建議/bland (adj.) 溫和的

【文章中譯】

自從希臘和羅馬時代,松露就已經被當作美食,甚至藥物。它們是世界上最貴的自然食品

之一,通常每磅要價為美金二百五十到四百五十元間。事實上松露是菇類,但為獨特的一種。

他們生長在特定樹木樹根的旁邊,而且他們的實體生長於地底下。這也是為什麼它們很難被找

到。

松露在歐洲是靠母豬和專門尋找松露的狗採收,牠們能夠探查到成熟松露在地表下發出的

強烈味道。母豬對松露的氣味尤其敏銳,因為松露聞起來類似公豬所散發的味道。然而,豬隻

的使用是有風險的,因為他們的本性傾向於吃掉任何可食用的東西。因為這個原因,狗兒們已

經被訓練不論在何地發現氣味就向下挖掘,而且可以用他們的松露來交換一片麵包和主人的拍

拍頭。一些松露商人在發現松露蒼蠅在樹的基部盤旋時,會自己挖掘。一旦地點被發現了,這

些地點在接下來的幾年都可採集到松露。

為了享受被形容為地球瑰寶的美妙滋味,你必須吃剛出土的新鮮、未被加工過的樣本。它

們滋味的濃郁度會隨時間而減少,且大多數的滋味在抵達超市前就流逝掉了。為了保存新鮮,

美食專家建議把它們裝進密封的玻璃罐裡放進冰箱。另外一種建議則是將它們保存於溫和的油

裡面。

【試題解析】

36. 為什麼有些人比較喜歡用狗,而不是用豬,來尋找松露?

(A)狗有較強壯的爪子來挖掘。 (B)狗通常不會將發現的松露吃掉。

(C)狗相較於豬有更好的嗅覺來尋找松露。 (D)狗相較於豬比較不容易興奮。

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14 100 年指考試題關鍵解析

37. 品嚐松露美味 好的方法是哪一種?

(A)將它們和豬肉一起烹飪來吃。

(B)將它們浸入溫和的油裡來吃。

(C)採集到松露後就吃掉。

(D)冷藏松露後再吃掉。

→由最後一段 To enjoy the wonderful flavor of what has been described as an earthly jewel, you

must eat fresh, uncooked specimens shortly after they have been harvested.可得知,享受松露最

好的方式是在松露出土後馬上品嚐,故選(C)。

38. 下列哪一個敘述是正確的?

(A)松露是某種古老的樹的樹根。

(B)松露只可以被豬或是狗發現。

(C)松露成熟時會散發出強烈的氣味。

(D)松露在同一地點無法被重複採集。

39. 下列哪一敘述可從本文推知?

(A)放在罐子裡賣的松露是無味道的。 (B)新鮮松露吃起來像水果。

(C)現今松露只被用來烹飪。 (D)因為人們難以取得松露,所以它們才昂貴。

→由本文得知 Truffles are actually mushrooms, but unusual ones. They live in close association

with the roots of specific trees and their fruiting bodies grow underground. This is why they are

difficult to find.,而且第二段提到只有母豬和狗能夠靠著敏銳的嗅覺找到松露,因此可以推

論出松露如此昂貴的主因是因為難以取得,故選(D)。

(40~43)

In an ideal world, people would not test medicines on animals. Such experiments are stressful and

sometimes painful for animals, and expensive and time-consuming for people. Yet animal

experimentation is still needed to help bridge vast gaps in medical knowledge. That is why there are

some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.

Europe, on the whole, has the world’s most restrictive laws on animal experiments. Even so, its

scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats, for medical research.

Official statistics show that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in America each year. But that

is misleading. The American authorities do not think mice and rats are worth counting and, as these are

the most common laboratory animals, the true figure is much higher. Japan and China have even less

comprehensive data than America.

Now Europe is reforming the rules governing animal experiments by restricting the number of

animals used in labs. Alternatives to animal testing, such as using human tissue or computer models,

are now strongly recommended. In addition, sharing all research results freely should help to reduce

the number of animals for scientific use. At present, scientists often share only the results of successful

experiments. If their findings do not fit the hypothesis being tested, the work never sees the light of

day. This practice means wasting time, money, and animals’ lives in endlessly repeating the failed

experiments.

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英文考科 15

Animal experimentation has taught humanity a great deal and saved countless lives. It needs to

continue, even if that means animals sometimes suffer. Europe’s new measures should eventually both

reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is

conducted.

40. What is the main idea of this passage?

(A) The success of animal experiments should be ensured.

(B) Ban on the use of animals in the lab should be enforced.

(C) Greater efforts need to be taken to reduce the number of lab animals.

(D) Scientists should be required to share their research results with each other.

41. Which of the following statements is true about animals used in the lab?

(A) America uses only about 1.1 million lab animals per year.

(B) Europe does not use mice and rats as lab animals at all.

(C) Britain does not use as many lab animals as China does.

(D) Japan has limited data on the number of lab animals used each year.

42. Which of the following is mentioned as an alternative to replace animal experiments?

(A) Statistical studies. (B) Computer models.

(C) DNA planted in animals. (D) Tissue from dead animals.

43. What usually happens to unsuccessful animal experiments?

(A) They are not revealed to the public.

(B) They are made into teaching materials.

(C) They are collected for future publication.

(D) They are not removed from the research topic list.

【答 案】40. (C) 41. (D) 42. (B) 43. (A) 【概念中心】40. 能掌握文章主旨。 41. 能掌握文章內容細節之間的關係。

42. 能找尋特定資訊。

43. 能找尋特定資訊。

【注 釋】

ideal (adj.) 理想的/stressful (adj.) 有壓力的/time-consuming (adj.) 花費時間的/

restrictive (adj.) 限制的/govern (v.) 控制/laboratory (n.) 實驗室/alternative (n.) 選擇/

recommend (v.) 建議/hypothesis (n.) 假設/endlessly (adv.) 無止盡地

【文章中譯】

在理想的世界裡,人們不會在動物的身上測試藥物。類似的實驗對動物來說是有壓力,甚

至是痛苦的,而且對人類來說是昂貴且費時的。然而現今依然需要動物實驗法來渡過藥物知識

的巨大鴻溝。這也是為什麼每年在全世界大約有五千萬到一億隻動物被作為研究使用。

總體來說歐洲在動物實驗上有最嚴謹的法規。雖然這樣,歐洲的科學家每年還是使用一千

兩百萬隻動物做藥物實驗,大多數為老鼠和兔子。官方統計數據指出,在美國每年只有一百一

十萬隻動物被用來做研究。但是那是誤導人的。美國當局並不認為老鼠和兔子(作為最普遍的

實驗動物)值得被計算在內,實際數量要比預估的高很多。日本和中國相較於美國有更少的綜

合數據。

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16 100 年指考試題關鍵解析

現在歐洲正以限制每年用在實驗上的動物數目來修改管理動物實驗法規。現在人們強烈建

議設法取代動物實驗,例如使用人體組織或是電腦模型。除此之外,免費分享所有的實驗結果

對於減少動物被用來實驗的數量應該有所幫助。目前,科學家通常只分享成功的實驗結果。如

果他們的實驗結果並不符合一開始的假設,那個實驗項目不會有攤在陽光下的一天。這種習慣

意味著浪費時間、金錢和動物的生命重複地做著永無止盡的失敗實驗。

動物實驗教給人類很多,也拯救無數人的生命。它必須持續下去,儘管這意味著動物有時

會受苦。歐洲的新措施最後應該減少動物實驗的數量和改進科學研究實施的方法。

【試題解析】

40. 這篇文章主旨是什麼?

(A)我們應該保證動物實驗的成功。

(B)我們應該執行實驗室的動物使用禁令。

(C)我們需要更致力於減少實驗的動物使用量。

(D)我們應該要求科學家和其他人分享實驗結果。

→本文主要講述現今動物被用來做實驗的情況,由各國實驗所使用的動物數量來探討動物實

驗的本質。由本文第一段 In an ideal world, people would not test medicines on animals. Such

experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals, and expensive and time-consuming

for people.,和最後一段的結論 Europe’s new measures should eventually both reduce the

number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is

conducted.,可得知作者的主要想法是要設法減少實驗動物的使用數量,故選(C)。

41. 下列有關實驗室使用動物的敘述何者是正確的?

(A)美國每年大約只有使用一百一十萬隻動物來做實驗。

(B)歐洲從來不使用老鼠和兔子來做實驗。

(C)英國的實驗動物使用量沒有中國的多。

(D)日本關於每年實驗動物數量的資料有限。

→由文中第二段 Japan and China have even less comprehensive data than America.,可得知日本

的數據是有限的,故選(D)。

42. 下列哪一項動物實驗的取代方法是本文提到的?

(A)統計研究。

(B)電腦模型。

(C)動物 DNA 的培養。

(D)死掉動物的組織。

43. 什麼時常發生在不成功的動物實驗裡?

(A)他們不會被公諸大眾。

(B)他們被製作成教材。

(C)他們被蒐集來作為未來的出版發行。

(D)他們在研究主題清單裡不會被移除。

→由第三段 At present, scientists often share only the results of successful experiments. If their

findings do not fit the hypothesis being tested, the work never sees the light of day.,可得知不成

功的實驗不會被公開,故選(A)。

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英文考科 17

(44~47)

Spider webs are one of the most fascinating examples of animal architecture. The most beautiful

and structurally ordered are the orb webs. The main function of the web is to intercept and hold flying

prey, such as flies, bees and other insects, long enough for the spider to catch them. In order to do so,

the threads of the web have to withstand the impact forces from large and heavy prey as well as

environmental forces from wind and rain for at least a day in most cases.

The orb web is found to have two main characteristics. The first is its geometry, which consists of

an outer frame and a central part from which threads radiate outward. Enclosed in the frame are

capture spirals winding round and round from the web center out to the frame. The whole web is in

tension and held in place by anchor threads, which connect the frame to the surrounding vegetation or

objects. The second and perhaps most important characteristic is the material with which it is built.

Spider silk is a kind of natural composite that gives this lightweight fiber a tensile strength comparable

to that of steel, while at the same time making it very elastic. Two types of silk threads are used in the

web. One is highly elastic and can stretch to almost twice its original length before breaking and, for

most types of spiders, is covered in glue. This type is used in the capture spiral for catching and

holding prey. The other is stiffer and stronger, and is used for the radius, frames and anchor threads,

which allows the web to withstand prey impact and to keep its structural strength through a wide range

of environmental conditions.

44. What is this passage mainly about?

(A) The food network in nature. (B) The construction of orb webs.

(C) The network of geometrical studies.

(D) The environmental challenges for spider webs.

45. What does the word “so” in the first paragraph refer to?

(A) To catch and keep small creatures.

(B) To find a good material for the web.

(C) To observe the behavior patterns of spiders.

(D) To present a fantastic architecture by animals.

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18 100 年指考試題關鍵解析

46. Which part of the web is used for supporting the web itself?

(A) The center of the web. (B) The glue on the lines.

(C) The anchor threads. (D) The capture spiral.

47. According to the passage, which statement is true about the silk threads?

(A) They are all sticky and extendable.

(B) They are usually strong enough to last for a day.

(C) They remove harmful chemicals from insects.

(D) They are made of rare plants in the environment.

【答 案】44. (B) 45. (A) 46. (C) 47. (B) 【概念中心】44. 能掌握文章的主旨。

45. 根據文章內容了解字詞的意義。

46. 能找尋特定資訊。

47. 能掌握文章內容細節之間的關係。

【注 釋】

fascinating (adj.) 迷人的/architecture (n.) 建築/structurally (adv.) 結構上地/intercept (v.) 攔截/

thread (n.) 絲線/withstand (v.) 承受/prey (n.) 獵物/environmental (adj.) 環境上的/

characteristic (n.) 特性/geometry (n.) 幾何學/consist (v.) 組成/frame (n.) 框/

radiate (adj.) 輻射狀的/spiral (adj.) 螺旋狀的/anchor (adj.) 錨狀的/winding (adj.) 纏繞的/

tension (n.) 繃緊/vegetation (n.) 植被/lightweight (adj.) 輕量的/fiber (n.) 纖維/

tensile (adj.) 可伸展的/comparable (adj.) 可比較的

【文章中譯】

蜘蛛網是最不可思議的動物建築例子之一。最漂亮和結構整齊有序的是球狀的網。網的主

要功能是攔截和捉住飛行的獵物,像蒼蠅、蜜蜂、和其他昆蟲,長度足夠讓蜘蛛捕捉到它們。

為了達到這個目的,在大部分的情況下,網上的絲必須承受又大又重的獵物的衝擊和自然環境

中風雨的考驗至少一天。

人們發現球狀的網有兩個主要特點。第一個是它的幾何形狀,由一個外框和一個中心向外

輻射所組成。外框所圍住的是由蜘蛛網中心以螺旋狀一圈一圈向外繞出去的捕捉螺線。整個網

是緊繃的,且在適當的地方使用錨狀的絲來與周遭的植被或是物體作聯結。第二個,也或許是

最重要的特點,是建造蜘蛛網所使要的材料。蜘蛛絲是一種自然複合物,它帶給這種輕型纖維

有著和鋼一樣強韌的拉伸度,同時使其非常有彈性。蜘蛛網中使用兩種類型的絲。一種是高彈

性且覆蓋著膠水的絲,在斷掉之前幾乎可以延長兩倍原本的長度。當蜘蛛建立捕捉螺線時,就

用這類型的絲,方能抓住和困住獵物。另外一種則更硬、更強韌,用在輻射狀、外框和錨狀的

絲上,它讓蜘蛛網能抵擋獵物的衝擊並在各種環境狀況下都保持結構強度。

【試題解析】

44. 文章主要是關於什麼?

(A)自然界的食物鏈。

(B)球狀絲的結構。

(C)幾何研究的網狀結構。

(D)自然界對蜘蛛網的考驗。

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英文考科 19

45. 在第一段的 so 指的是什麼?

(A)為了抓到且留住小型生物。 (B)為了找到建造網的好材料。

(C)為了觀察典型蜘蛛的行為。 (D)為了呈現動物所製造的不可思議建築。

→依文意可得知,so 所指的應該是前一句 The main function of the web is to intercept and hold

flying prey, such as flies, bees and other insects, long enough for the spider to catch them. 所提

到的結果,故選(A)。

46. 哪一部分的網是用來支撐網的本身?

(A)網的中心。 (B)絲上的黏膠。 (C)錨狀的網。 (D)捕捉螺旋。

47. 根據本文,下列哪一項有關於絲線的敘述是正確的?

(A)它們都是黏且有拓展性的。

(B)它們通常夠堅固得以支撐至少一天。

(C)它們把有害的化學物質從昆蟲身上移除。

(D)它們是由環境中的稀有植物所製造。

(48~51)

Doctor of Philosophy, usually abbreviated as PhD or Ph.D., is an advanced academic degree

awarded by universities. The first Doctor of Philosophy degree was awarded in Paris in 1150, but the

degree did not acquire its modern status until the early 19th century. The doctorate of philosophy as it

exists today originated at Humboldt University. The German practice was later adopted by American

and Canadian universities, eventually becoming common in large parts of the world in the 20th

century.

For most of history, even a bachelor’s degree at a university was the privilege of a rich few, and

many academic staff did not hold doctorates. But as higher education expanded after the Second World

War, the number of PhDs increased accordingly. American universities geared up first: By 1970,

America was graduating half of the world’s PhDs in science and technology. Since then, America’s

annual output of PhDs has doubled, to 64,000. Other countries are catching up. PhD production has

sped up most dramatically in Mexico, Portugal, Italy, and Slovakia. Even Japan, where the number of

young people is shrinking, has churned out about 46% more PhDs.

Researchers now warn that the supply of PhDs has far outstripped demand. America produced

more than 100,000 doctoral degrees between 2005 and 2009, while there were just 16,000 new

professorships. In research, the story is similar. Even graduates who find work outside universities

may not fare all that well. Statistics show that five years after receiving their degrees, more than 60%

of PhDs in Slovakia and more than 45% in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, and Spain are still

on temporary contracts. About one-third of Austria’s PhD graduates take jobs unrelated to their

degrees.

Today, top universities around the world are still picking bright students and grooming them as

potential PhDs. After all, it isn’t in their interests to turn the smart students away: The more bright

students stay at universities, the better it is for academics. But considering the oversupply of PhDs,

some people have already begun to wonder whether doing a PhD is a good choice for an individual.

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20 100 年指考試題關鍵解析

48. In which country did the modern practice of granting doctoral degrees start?

(A) France. (B) Germany. (C) Canada. (D) The U.S.

49. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “churned out” in the second paragraph?

(A) Failed. (B) Warned. (C) Demanded. (D) Produced.

50. Which of the following may be inferred from the third paragraph?

(A) PhD graduates in Austria are not encouraged to work outside university.

(B) Most German PhDs work at permanent jobs immediately after graduation.

(C) It is much easier for American PhD holders to find a teaching position than a research job.

(D) It is more difficult for PhDs to get a permanent job five years after graduation in Slovakia

than in Spain.

51. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward the increase of PhDs in recent

years?

(A) Concerned. (B) Supportive. (C) Indifferent. (D) Optimistic.

【答 案】48. (B) 49. (D) 50. (D) 51. (A) 【概念中心】48. 能找尋特定資訊。

49. 根據文章內容了解字詞的意義。

50. 能掌握段落內容與細節進而推論出正確答案。

51. 能掌握文章內容細節之間的關係。

【注 釋】

philosophy (n.) 哲學/abbreviate (v.) 縮寫/advanced (adj.) 進階的/academic (adj.) 學術的/

degree (n.) 學位/doctorate (n.) 博士學位/privilege (n.) 特權/dramatically (adv.) 戲劇性地/

Portugal (n.) 葡萄牙/churn (v.) 劇烈攪動/outstrip (v.) 超過/Belgium (n.) 比利時/

Slovakia (n.) 斯洛伐克/Czech Republic (n.) 捷克共和國/temporary (adj.) 暫時的/

oversupply (v.) 過度供應

【文章中譯】

博士學位是大學頒發的進階學術學位,通常縮寫成 PhD 或 Ph.D.。第一個博士學位頒發於

西元 1150 年的巴黎,但這個學位一直到十九世紀早期並不具有現代的地位。今天博士學位的存

在發源於德國洪堡大學。美國和加拿大的大學後來採納德國的做法,最終變成二十世紀大學普

遍的一部分。

在歷史中大部分的時期,即使是大學的學士學位都是少數有錢人的特權,而且很多學術人

員並不具備博士學位。但二次大戰後高等教育的擴展,因此拿到博士的人數增加。美國的大學

是第一個準備就緒的:到 1970 年,世界上半數的科學和科技博士是美國人。自從那時候,美國博

士學位的年產量增加了一倍達六萬四千人。其他國家也迎頭趕上。墨西哥、葡萄牙、義大利和斯洛

伐克的博士產量顯著地上升。甚至連年輕人逐漸減縮的日本也製造多於百分之四十六的博士。

現在研究人員警告博士學位的供應已大幅超越需求。美國在 2005 到 2009 年間製造了超過

十萬的博士學位,然而只有一萬六千個教授空缺。在調查中,情節是類似的。即使在校園外找

工作的畢業生也不一定都能得到公平的待遇。根據統計,在獲頒學位五年後,斯洛伐克有百分

之六十以上,比利時、捷克、德國與西班牙則有百分之四十五以上的博士,只取得約聘合約。

大約有三分之一的澳洲博士畢業生找到的工作並不有關於他們的學術專業。

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英文考科 21

現今,世界上的頂尖大學仍選擇頂尖的學生,培養他們成為有潛力的博士候選人。畢竟,

捨棄聰明的學生並不符和他們的利益。待在大學裡的學生愈耀眼,對學術研究的幫助愈大。但

是考慮到博士學位的過量供應,有些人已開始納悶攻讀博士學位是否對每個人都是好的選擇。

【試題解析】

48. 下列哪一個國家開始了現代授予博士學位的做法?

(A)法國。 (B)德國。 (C)加拿大。 (D)美國。

49. 下列哪個字的意思 接近第二段中 churned out 的意思?

(A)失敗。 (B)警告。 (C)要求。 (D)製造。

50. 下列哪一敘述可以從第三段裡推論出來?

(A)澳洲的博士畢業生並不被鼓勵離開校園去外面工作。

(B)大多數的德國博士生在畢業後都能立即找到長久的工作。

(C)對美國的博士來說,找到一份教職比做研究工作要簡單的多。

(D)對博士來說,在斯洛伐克要在畢業後的五年內找到長久的工作比在西班牙困難。

→從第三段的 more than 60% of PhDs in Slovakia and more than 45% in Belgium, the Czech

Republic, Germany, and Spain are still on temporary contracts. About one-third of Austria’s PhD

graduates take jobs unrelated to their degrees.,可推論出博士在斯洛伐克比在西班牙還要難找

到長久的工作,故選(D)。

51. 哪一個敘述 符合作者對近年來博士學位快速增加的態度?

(A)關心的。 (B)支持的。 (C)冷漠的。 (D)樂觀的。

閱讀測驗趨勢分析 1. 100 年指考閱讀測驗的文章明顯偏難。其難度來自文章主題的專業性高(松露、動物實

驗、蜘蛛網、博士學位)、用字艱深。因此,學生們務必多練習「 新命題」的模擬試

題,方能常常接觸新穎且具專業性的考題。

2. 第二篇文章介紹「動物實驗」,讓我們再次思考人類行為的適切性,未來有可能會出現

的類似主題有「純素飲食以及地球生態」等。第三篇文章介紹「蜘蛛網」,讓我們得知

大自然的巧妙工法,未來可能會出現的類似主題有「生物行為與環境」等。第四篇文章

介紹「博士學位供過於求」,則讓我們重新思考人類的價值觀,100 年學測亦考「鑽石

與水」(其思考議題是:鑽石真的比水有價值嗎?),相關主題有「科技進步與生活品

質」等。

閱讀測驗教學建議

1. 建議教師們加強學生主題字彙的應用與認知能力—對於常用字,務必熟習;對於專業字,

務必認識。可以採用「聯想」教學法,拓展學生的詞彙量。例如,文章介紹蜘蛛網,在

教學過程中就可以一併補充給學生常見的「生態學」主題詞彙(例:食物鏈、生產者、

消費者、分解者、生物多樣性等詞彙的英文用語)。

2. 教學時可以常透過閱讀帶領學生進行「價值觀」方面的思考。當帶領學生進行「價值觀」

方面的思考時,建議只給方向,不給個人的答案。這樣可以幫助學生增進英文的閱讀能

力,並同時培養靜思思考能力,讓教師的教學價值得以全面發展。

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22 100 年指考試題關鍵解析

第貳部分:非選擇題(占 28 分)

一、中譯英(8分)

說明︰1. 請將以下中文句子譯成正確、通順、達意的英文,並將答案寫在「答案卷」上。

2. 請依序作答,並標明題號。每題 4 分,共 8 分。

1. 日本的核電廠爆炸已經引起全球對核子能源安全的疑慮。

2. 科學家正尋求安全、乾淨又不昂貴的綠色能源,以滿足我們對電的需求。

【答 案】

1. The explosion at the nuclear power plant in Japan has aroused global concern about the safety of

nuclear energy.

2. Scientists are seeking safe, clean, and inexpensive green energy to satisfy our need / demand for

electricity. 【概念中心】能運用適當的詞彙或句型造出正確的句子。

【試題解析】

1. nuclear power plant (n.) 核能發電廠/arouse (v.) 激起

2. satisfy one’s need/demand (v.) 滿足…的要求;需求

二、英文作文(20 分)

說明︰1. 依提示在「答案卷」上寫一篇英文作文。

2. 文長至少 120 個單詞(words)。

提示:你認為畢業典禮應該是個溫馨感人、活潑熱鬧、或是嚴肅傷感的場景?請寫一篇英文作

文說明你對畢業典禮的看法,第一段寫出畢業典禮對你而言意義是什麼,第二段說明要

如何安排或進行活動才能呈現出這個意義。

【概念中心】能根據提示寫出簡要的故事或說明。

【參考範例】

A graduation ceremony, which is also called a commencement, is more than an event in which a

person graduates with a diploma. It is an important event in his or her life. It is not only the end of a

period of education but also the beginning of the next stage of life. After reflecting on the previous few

years, one has to start another period of education or find a job to earn his or her own bread. In a word,

it is a transition point to the future, whether he or she will go on with studies or not.

I think a graduation ceremony should be an exciting event. The following are the ways to make it

exciting. First, to have a meaningful opening, we can play the video showing what we have done in the

past years. This can bring back memories of happiness. Second, we may well have occasions for

expressing our feelings. Expressing gratitude and love in time prevents one from feeling regret in the

future. Last, we can have a dancing party with delicious food and drinks available so that we can create

a cheerful atmosphere. In my opinion, to have a joyful ending is to give one another our best wishes.

With happiness, gratitude, love, and wishes, we can get a good start at the next stage of life.

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英文考科 23

英文作文趨勢分析 1. 貼近生活是指考寫作題 大的特色之一,因此學生們對於日常生活的事件必須多用心體

察,方能有多元、深入的想法。

2. 指考寫作題多年來都要求學生寫兩段;學生務必熟練內容布局、組織安排,並謹慎處理

時態與列舉次序。

英文作文教學建議

1. 建議教師可以每週帶學生導讀一篇寫作範文,並將教學重點落在「內容布局、組織安排

」,並適時提點「時態」觀念。

2. 教師亦可以進一步要求學生背誦優良佳句;透過背誦佳句,學生可以熟練優美的英文句

構,利於未來寫作之需。

3. 如果教師們能常常引導、鼓勵學生對於生活事件多思考,不但有助於學生的國文、英文

寫作,更能幫助學生了解自我,減少犯錯。

【網絡圖參考】

隨著指考試題內容趨向專業、艱澀,唯有平日陸續累積實力的學生,方能踩在穩固的

詞彙、片語、文法基礎下,精進閱讀邏輯、加強寫作能力。身為人師,我們現在 明智的

做法是,從學生高一開始,就在每一個環節中用心發揮我們的教學專業,務必幫助學生打

穩每一個環節的基礎。「信心、毅力、勇氣三者具備,則天下沒有做不成的事。」

結 論

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24 100 年指考試題關鍵解析