ete 451 assignment

7/31/2019 ETE 451 Assignment

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Assignment 3ETE 451.1

Name: Zyeen Al Rumman Khan

ID: 083 740 045

Submitted to: Dr. M Abdul Awal

Date: 18.06.12


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1. Define the following telecommunication terms:a. ILECb. CLECc. BLECd. DLECe. ICPf. ASPg. IXCh. CAP

a. ILEC The full form is Inter-Land Exchange Carrier. It is a company certified by the FCC underthe telecommunications act of 1996, to provide local landline exchange telecommunication

services in a specified geographical location. These companies are mainly situated in the

United States, they could either be a Bell operating company or an independent company

altogether.

b. CLEC A Competitive Local Exchange Carrier is a company that is a certified or authorizedcompany that is competing with already existing companies in the market, which is ILECs. A

CLEC provides identical if not equivalent services to that of the ILECs.

c. BLEC It is known as Building Local Exchange Carrier, a telecom network service providerteams up with a real estate company to provide broadband services to a local area, i.e. an

apartment complex, office building, etc. The BLEC may provide only connectivity or full ISPsupport.

d. DLEC Also known as Data Local Exchange Carrier, is a carrier that provides datatransportation exclusively, its function is to wholly provide data transportation without

providing voice grade services.

e. ICP Inter-Connection Point is the physical point of the network where two partiesinterconnect. The ICP marks the limit or could be defined as the diving line between the

ownership of the transmission facility and the outside network.

f. ASP A 3rd party that manages and distributes software based services and solutions tocustomers across a wide area network from a central data center.


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g. IXC Interexchange Carrier is a serviice provider authorized by the FCC to provide interstatelong distance communication services between local access and transport (LATA) area and

authorized by the State to provide long distance communications services. An Interexchange

Carrier provides, directly or indirectly, inter/intra LATA telephone toll services. May be an

individual, partnership, association, joint-stock company, trust, governmental entity or

corporation engaged for hire in interstate or foreign communication by wire or radio,

between two or more exchanges. An Interexchange Carrier may be a customer of Verizon.

h. CAP Competitive Access Providers are carriers that provide local services. Thesecompanies compete with local telephone service providers to provide access services that

connect end-users to long distance companies.

2. a. Make a sketch of how a local telephone network interfaces with a long distance telephonenetwork.

b. Make a sketch of how a long distance telephone network interfaces with an international

telephone network.

c. I decide I need to call my friend Jose who lives two states away. Trace the call path between

my telephone set hanging off the Oak Street CO in Burlington, Vermont, and Joses telephone

set hanging off the Clinton Street CO in Muncie, Indiana.

d. After talking with Jose, I realize I havent talked with my friend Karl who lives in Denmark for

some time and decide to call him. Trace the call path between my telephone hanging off the

Oak Street CO in Burlington, Vermont, U.S.A., and Karls telephone hanging off the Boulevard

Street CO in Copenhagen, Denmark.

a.

IMTs IMTs

Shared Trunks

Shared Trunks

Local ILEC

In City A, where the call is

placed

Local ILEC

POP

IXC Long

Distance

Switch

Local Distance citys

local ILEC, where the

call is received

IXC Long

Distance

Switch

IXC Long

Distance

Switch

Wholesale LD Carrier

LD Switch in City C

LD Switch in City B

Shared Trunks

Local Telephone Network Interface with a Long Distance Telephone Network


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b.

c.

IMTs IMTs

Shared Trunks

Shared Trunks

d.

ILEC of City A, Country A

IXC Long

Distance

PTT Local Network inCountry Bs Switch

IXC International Long

Distance SwitchIXC International Long

Distance Switch

International GatewaySwitch into Country B

International Gateway

Switch from Country A

Long Distance Telephone Network Interface with an International Telephone Network

Local ILEC

In Oak Street Co, Burlington, Vermont

where the call is placed

Local ILEC

POP in

Burlington

IXC Long

Distance

Switch

Long Distance citys

local ILEC, where the

call is received in

Clinton Street CO,

Muncie, Indiana

IXC Long

Distance

Switch

IXC Long

Distance

Switch

LD Switch in New

Hampshire

LD Switch in Burlington

Shared Trunks

Wholesale LD Carrier


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Taking the diagram above into consideration.The carrier has network switches in Vermont,

New Hampshire and Muncie. The call is routed onto a trunk that connects the local

telephone networks tandem to the carriers long distance switch, probably via another

trunk. The local tandem, as before, directs the call to the correct end office serving in

Muncie. The serving Co points the call to the line pair connecting to the senders telephone

and sends a ringing voltage. The receivers telephone rings and he picks up the handset, and

the call is connected all the way through the network. While, the other route the call could

take is to travel onto the network carriers long distance network then onto a wholesale

long distance carriers network that the network carrier has leased, and then into the

network carriers long distance telephone switch in Muncie.

d.

Taking the above diagram into consideration. The numbering plan for international calls requires a

country code, a city code or an area code and the subscribers number. Additionally a +, along with

45 for country code is required and in this case a city/area code is not required since Denmark does

not require a user to dial an area code. The routing method is very similar to that of long distance call

ILEC of Vermont, USA

IXC Long

Distance

PTT Local Network in

Copenhagen, Denmark

IXC International Long

Distance SwitchIXC International Long

Distance Switch


Switch into Denmark


Switch from USA

Long Distance Telephone Network Interface with an International Telephone Network


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routing. The dialed international number is accepted by the local service switch nearest to the dialers

city. The switch then checks into the customer profile record to see which long distance carrier the caller

uses and routes the call to that carrier. The difference occurs when the call arrives at the network

carriers long distance switch. The switch sees the + and the 45 prefix and realizes that the call must

be routed to an international gateway switch. A gateway switch is one that interfaces with the far-end

international gateway switches located at the international gateway POP. The call travels through the

countrys long distance switches, until it finally reaches an LD switch which has IMT that connect it to

the network carriers international gateway switch located at the same site. The gateway switch strips

off the international + prefix and determines were to route the call by analyzing the country code,

45 in this case. The gateway switch identifies the country as Denmark and that all calls going to

Denmark must be routed onto the trunk group that connects to a gateway switch located in

Copenhagen. The gateway switch in the city that has the LD switch with IMT (lets say New York) directs

the call onto the IMT trunk riding on a circuit that connects into the Copenhagen gateway switch. The

call arrives in Dublin where the gateway switch directs the call to a long distance switch that then directs

the call to a local switch that finally directs the call to the telephone located in Boulevard Street CO in

Copenhagen, Denmark.

3. What are some of the technological milestones in telecom history from 1920-present?1934 Establishment of the FCC Federal Communication Commission

1947 Transistor

1958 IC

1968 Optical Fiber

1969 Unix

1971 Microprocessor

1977 First light weight system

1978 Cellular tech

1981 Introduction of IBM PC

1982 Forced diversity AT&T (BOC)

1984 Introduction of Machintosh (Apple) & DOS (Microsoft)

1995 Internet

2001 Wireless Networks

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