ethical productivity · 2020. 8. 4. · mtm instructor is a person who has completed training in...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ethical Productivity
Tips and Advice for Prospective
MTM Users, Prospective MTM
Coaches and MTM Instructors
”What is measured is improved, what is not measured expires "
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Content
18/07/2020 IMD EWD 2
Page Description
3 Purpose of method and value-adding work - EWD4 Use of MTM systems country by country5 Objectives for training in MTM-EWD6 Qualifying ladder MTM roles7 Description of practitioners and MTM Coach8 Description of Instructor and Master Instructor9 Significance of METHOD10 Rörelsekonomi11 Material handling and logistical thinking12 MTM system present - vision - ideal 13 MTM system and method level14 A real profitability and efficiency15 IMD-EWD founder16 Description of IMD-EWD abbreviations17 Different timing systems18 IMD-EWD Organization19 IMD-EWD methodology platform20 Videos - Examples
Page Description
21 The significance of the method22 Exercise 123 Exercise 124 Exercise 125 Exercise 226 Exercise 227 MTM Time Building Block28 MTM-Lean coupling29 IMD EWD philosophy30 Lean Focus31 Improvement of the workplace32 The difference between MTM and Lean33 Details of work instructions34 ILO recommendations35 Comments on the ILO recommendations36 Hierarchy of the workplace37 Accuracy in MTM system38 Method Improvement39 Examples of savings in time and money
Page Description
42 Accuracy with different time measurements44. How do I think about profit?46. Line Balancing mindset47. Critical performance indicators MTM48. IMD-EWD Summary50. Tips on pedagogy for teachers55. Description of all MTM techniques60. MTM's future (timing)61. How time is used62. IMD-EWD regulations for the use of MTM63. MTM systems in brief64. Background to MTM 1 (and other systems)
Ethical Productivity
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Founder of IMD-EWD defines job analytics: Exclusion of operators' participation in connection with work analyzes leads to reduced productivity (France, Spain, Turkey, Nordic countries, Switzerland )
Tim
e sp
ent
Value-adding time
Do a little Do better
Do not Do more
Ethical Workplace Planning is about finding the BEST The method of work , health and ergonomics for the person performing the work.Elementary time systems take care of time, distance, weights and normal performance (100% MTM)
Ethics is about: • {0 / {1} Shelf /}• Value Increasing • Person oriented • Person focused • Person sinnad
Ethical Productivity
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Ethical Productivity Use of MTM systems worldwide
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Ethical Productivity
4 hrs
16 hrs
40 hrs
16 hrs
120 hrs
80 hrs 34.5 days education
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Ethical Productivity
All MTM trainings have the same purpose and goals:
• Classification of MTM in management work of productivity and personal efficiency• Structures within MTM training and how different MTM systems are built• Education and Examination for the various systems• Course materials and effective use of these• Types of teaching and learning, how to prepare for an MTM course• Different media that can be used in connection with training• Course participants with different backgrounds receive relevant support as needed
• Participants in courses for teachers can systematically plan, prepare and implement a course• Participants in courses for teachers can set goals and follow up the students' learning process• Participants in courses for teachers can explain MTM educations and MTM process building blocks
• Skill - The ability to follow decided method• Performance - The will to work• Fitness - General surroundings in the workplace• Stability - Even performance over working hours
MTM The systems are based on the operator's and workplace's:
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Ethical Productivity Education, Tests and Rules
MTM Technician (Practitioner) MTM Technician is a person who has completed an official MTM course and may be limited to one technique (eg MTM SAM).MTM Technicians must pass an approved theoretical test and complete a practical timing of a work that lasts at least one minute. The practical timing can be a video, workplace or a method description. Passed tests qualify for a license, Blue Card. The issuer of the Blue Card is the National MTM association.
MTM Coach MTM Coach is a person who has completed an official MTM course and is limited to one technique (eg MTM SAM).The MTM Coach must pass an approved theoretical test and complete a practical schedule of work that lasts at least one minute. The practical timing can be a video, workplace or a method description. MTM Coach will also go through an IMD-EWD teacher training on pedagogy and a brief introduction to other MTM systems. MTM Coach teaches employees the technology for which he / she is licensed. Passed tests qualify for a license, Blue Card. The issuer of the Blue Card is the National MTM association.
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Ethical Productivity
Education and Test Rules
MTM Instructor MTM Instructor is a person who has completed training in all MTM courses in the IMD-EWD Methodology Platform. (MTM 1, MTM 2, MTM 3, MTM SAM, MTM UAS, MTM Logistic, Ergonomic).MTM Instructor must pass an approved theoretical test in all MTM systems and complete practical schedulesin all systems on a job that lasts at least one minute. The practical timing can be a video, workplace or a method description. Passed tests entitle to an Instructor license, Green Card. The MTM Instructor is entitled to train within his company internationally (Company Instructor), otherwise within the area of the National MTM association. The issuer of the Green Card is the National MTM association.
IMD-EWD Master Instructor IMD-EWD Master Instructor is a person who has completed a course in all MTM systems and all courses in the IMD-EWD Methodology Platform. IMD-EWD Master Instructor trains MTM Instructors.The IMD-EWD Master Instructor is eligible to train internationally, worldwide.The IMD-EWD Master Instructor is approved by the IMD-EWD board through an oral knowledge test and CV where it is clear that the person has sufficient qualifications. Passed tests qualify for a license, Gold Card.
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Ethical Productivity
Meaning of the method
Accuracy in times is not more important than how the working method is completed and followed.
If the goal is to increase productivity, reducing the content of work is more important than measuring time to every centimeter.
Imagine that times are extremely accurately measured and the operator follows the method to 80%, what have you won then?
Method analysis by eliminating non-valuable work is the first thing to do. Then a new method description and timing.
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Ethical Productivity
"Movement economics" MTM studies movements and postures
• Every hand movement must be coherent, continuous and harmonious• Two-handed movements should be as compact as possible - hands close together• Light lifting should be done with hands and wrists rather than arms and shoulders• Movements should be compliant and smooth, not jerky• Work must be performed in as small a semicircle as possible in front of the operator• Postures should be natural and ergonomic• The hands must be free from colliding with objects, open workplace
• Layout must be flexible regarding product changes and adapted for long and short operators• Move items horizontally, avoid vertical moves• Use gravities to move materials (sloping racks)• Make a choice between clockwise and counterclockwise how the operator's movement is in relation to the machine (s).
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Ethical Productivity Logistics and material handling is a clear method issue
Handle material 3 or repeatedly
Handle material 2 times
Direct delivery to work
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Present - Vision - Ideal - Ultimate
{0 / Present} {Vision 1 /} {0 / Ideal}
MTM 1MTM 2MTM - UASMTM - SAMModaptsMostMTM - MEKMTM - SDMTM - VMTM - MModaptsMostWF
Work Measurement
PTS - AdvancedPTS - MediumWM - Easy
EWD - AdwancedEWD - Easy
Line balancing - AdvancedLine balancing - Easy
One PTS
One EWD
One Line balancing
Ultimate
E-learning trainingVirtual trainingSimulationSensorsUltra NoiceDigitalConnectivitySoftware investigationspictograms
Software One Software
WF = Work FactorPTS = Predetermined Time systemWM = Work Measurement (Stopwatch)EWD = Ethical Work DesignIdeal = Not always reachable
Ethical Productivity
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Ethical Productivity Different MTM systems have different applications and time required to analyze
MTM 1
MTM2
Tim
e re
qu
ired
to
an
alyz
e 1
min
wo
rk
MTM UAS
MTM SAM
15 min
MTM 3
MTM X
Trai
nin
g
80 tim
16 tim
40 tim
40 +24 tim
40 +24 tim
24 hours
MTM 1 is the oldest MTM system and times are very accurate and detailed. MTM 1 is suitable for short cycle times and mass production of large volumes. 1600 codes with times.350 min
20 min
40 min
130 min
MTM 2 is a Swedish MTM system. Analyzes can be done for both hands at the sametime. Relatively easy to use, has 39 unique codes.
MTM UAS is a Swiss German Austrian system. Suitable for small batches, requiresSimilarity between products. 77 unique codes. Not suitable for non-repetitivemovements.
MTM SAM is a Swedish system. Analyzes in the sequence in which the activities are performed. Provides a very good job and method description directly. 12 codes. 1995 reworked.
Developing
Developing.
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Understand the importance of the working method
It is extremely important to first create a working method that is effective, before Work Measurement takes place.
The best method should be without losses, without unnecessary movements, without unnecessary steps, twists,without disturbances and stops and have good ergonomics and ethics.
Only after everyone who works at a workplace is satisfied with working methods, a work measurement must be carried out.
A TRUE Profitability and Efficiency
True efficiency means that we only manufacture the number of parts or products that can be sold with the least possible number of human resources and machines / equipment.
True profitability is only possible when we adapt our resources and follow demand as linearly as possible.The linearity is created by correct times for all activities.
Ethical Productivity
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France Spain Sweitz Turkey
Code of Conduct (IMD)
Good Practices (IMD)
Code of Ethics (EWD)
• Educations, Content and length• Certificate• Development of the systems• Ratifications and validations• Design of the work (method)• National associations, Large companies,• Stamp, Blue Card, Green Card, Gold Card
Nordic
Ethical Productivity
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IMD EWD 16
IMD EWD International Motion Time Measurement Development - Ethical Work Design
IMD EWD: Name of the organization
MTM EWD: Global philosophy. In general, MTM - EWD performance is multiplied by Distribution Time
MTM: Technical tool to determine Standard time
EWD: Various facts that are added depending on the nature or forms of work in order for the work to take the
greatest possible account of human well-being.
Ethical Productivity
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IMD EWD 17
Work Measuring
systems
Estimation
Time Studies
Performance
Rating
Predetermined
Time Systems
Elementary
times
MODAPTS
MOST
MTM
Time and
movement
Frequency
study
STATISTICAL
DATA
HISTORICAL
DATA
MTM1
MTM2
MTM UAS
MTM SAM
MTM MEK
MTM SD
MTM 3
MTMLog
International Motion Time Measurement Development - Ethical Work Design
Ethical Productivity
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Ethical Productivity
International level
National level
Course supplier level
IMDEWDBoard
NMTMANMTMA NMTMANMTMA
Universitycolleges
Consulting company
The companies' internal teachers
SocietyConsultants
individualteacher
IMD-EWD Entity
OtherMembers
{0 / General} {0 / Assembly}
Annual Meeting
Developmentmeetings
-
(1) {0 / Exception}: Assistants from same Company and level with ME background and small groups (max. 8) (2) UAS, SAM or Stopwatch previous knowledge
Methodology Platform IMD-EWD
Introduction to MTM EWD
• Introduction to Work Analysis (4 h)
• Ergonomics (4 h)• MTM-1 (4 h)• Definition of Indicators:
KD, KE, KI, KA (2h)Recommended: 16 h{0 / Minimum}: 16 h (1)
MTM 2 Recommended}: 40 h Minimum}: 32 h (1)
MTM 3 Recommended}: 40 h Minimum: 24 h (1)
MTM UASRecommended}: 40 h Minimum}: 24 h (1)
MTM-SAM (no MTM 1 needed) Recommended: 40 h{0 / Minimum}: 24 h (1)
MTM-1 Mandatory: 80 h for Instructor
LOGISTICRecommended: 16 h{0 / Minimum}: 12 h (1)
MTM UAS (2)
MTM SAM (2)
STOPWATCH}
EWD
-D
IPLO
MA
Pra
ctit
ion
er
on
sit
e (
40
h)
EWD
-C
ERTI
FIC
ATE
+ =
MTM PATH
MODULE 2 :
STOPWATCH CONCEPTS
Mandatory: 8 h
MODULE 3 :
PACE RATING & STOPWATCH PRACTICE (video movies)
Mandatory: 16 h
MODULE 1 :
INTRODUCTION TO WORK ANALYSIS
Mandatory: 8 h
EWD
-D
IPLO
MA
STOPWATCH PATH {0 / OTHERS} Static Line Balancing
2 days
Dynamic Line
Balancing 2 days
MTM Sewing 3 days
MTM SOD
On-site 2 days
Ergo-ILO 2 days
Ergo-OCRA 2 days
Ergo-EAWS 5 days
Ergo-SAM 1 days
Ethical Productivity
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Ethical Productivity
Method gives time - MTM SAM gives the opportunity to improve the
method !!
Film 1 shows the methods of the future, but human movements and
postures are there.
Film 2 shows a mixture of different methods between man and robot
Method and instructions belong together -→"Movie 1"
→”Film 2”
https://youtu.be/0m67O1Em7dYhttps://youtu.be/vjQLxYSn930
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Ethical Productivity
The most important thing is that our students understand the importance of the method in the time spent.
MTM is a procedure that analyzes which manual operation or method is distributed in the movement
elements, required to execute it.
MTM gives a predetermined standard time, which is determined by the natural motion and during which
conditions the movements are performed.
MTM time is a standard time that an accustomed, average and educated person can perform work without
need extra energy or effort.
MTM is an international standard.
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Ethical Productivity
Method gives time - MTM SAM gives the opportunity to improve the
method !!
bolts
Nutfinished
bolts
Tray
Current Workplace
How can we develop this workplace?
Exercise 1
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Ethical Productivity
1st Describe the method, time the method with MTM-SAM !!
2nd Discuss method improvements !!
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Ethical Productivity
bolts
nuts
traysFinished
bolts
bolts
nuts
trays
Developed Workplace
Fixture to keep the bolt aligned
1st Improved method
2nd Describe the method and time it !!
3rd Discuss!
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Ethical Productivity
Method description - Timing with clock
Cycling time in seconds to mount a pen?
Capacity per hour?
Exercise 2
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Ethical Productivity
Increased customer needs from 1200 pcs / 8 hours to 1800 st / 8 hours
What can we do?
Method improvement without investment?Construction improvement not possible?
Timing with MTM-SAM
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Ethical Productivity
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Ethical Productivity
MTM
Lean
potential
MTM + Lean
Focus
Focus MTM
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Ethical Productivity
Planning
Estimate
MTM Calculation
Workplace
, Presentation
Calculated
Lines EfficiencyAdministativ
Efficiency
Indirectly
Efficiency
KD KE KI KA
BU
DG
ET
TIM
E
Valu
e A
ddin
g
tim
e
Theore
tical tim
e
Allo
cati
on
tim
e
Resourc
e A
llocation
Non
value
ethical
aspects
Policy
UH
Quality
support
Other
loss
Fixed costs
MTM Philosophy-Ethical Productivity
Real Analysis
LEANMTM
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Ethical Productivity
Lean Focus on losses:
• Overproduction
• Waiting
• Transport / Relocation
• Over Processing
• Unnecessary movements
• Inspection, Rework, Cassation
• buffers
• flow
Overload
waste
{0 / Fluctuation} Capacity
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Ethical Productivity
Knowledge
Understanding
Theory
• Theoretical input of MTM
• Understand the method and how it
is usedCurrent
PRODUCT
application
Analysis
Inte
rnship
• MTM application for optimization
of the current method in the
workplace including tools,
materials (analysis form,
checklists, instructions)
• Systematic optimization of the
workplaceAgreement
curren
t w
orkp
laceO
ptim
ized
wo
rkplace
Optim
izatio
n tim
e w
ith
MT
M
refle
ctio
n
• Presentation of each optimization
• Critical reflection of one's own
optimization compared to other
solutions
Evaluation
Work place Planning
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Ethical Productivity
• Overproduction
• Waiting
• Transport / Relocation
• Over Processing
• Unnecessary movements
• Inspection, Rework, Cassation
• buffers
• flow
• 5S
• Method
• Correct times (international Standard)
• movements
• Ergonomics
• Normal performance
• Quality in work
• working Quality
• Standardized work
• Need for rest (distribution times)
• Method improvements
• 5S
• Instruction
MTM LEAN
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
40TOTAL
1
2
12
14
3
8
Både vä och hö hand
Rengör topp för varje cykel
Säkerställ riktning
1/1 Linjal
Kontrollera båda sidor1/1 visuellKontroll och placera i box
42 40
Cykeltid Std WIP
3TidNotering
Ta arbetsstycket och placera i
fixturen
Lossa färdigt stycke och placera ett
nytt
Kontroll av konturer
Lossa färdigt stycke och placera ett
nytt
Lossa färdigt stycke och placera ett
nytt
#
ArbetselementFrekvens Instrument
Takt tidKvaliteskontroll Kvalitet
Säkerhet
STD WIP
ArbetsledareDatum Avsnitt Teamledare
Arbets InstruktionProdukt nr och namn Kund behov
550
Manuellt 3 sekunder
Auto 18 sekunder
Ethical Productivity Instruction for standardized work
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Ethical Productivity
▪ Work smarter not harder By thinking about the physiological load
▪ Ethical Productivity: by choosing the right method
Results of IMD-EWD can be summarized as follows:
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Ethical Productivity
ILO Recommendation of recovery breaks percent of Standard Time
% supplement MTM analysis
1. CONSTANT DISTRIBUTION TIMEIndividual timeFatigue, Fatigue, Blur
54
Total 9
2nd SUPPLEMENT FOR UNCOMFORTABLE STATUS:StandingSlightly awkward DifficultVery awkward constant (horizontal, up and down)
2027
3rd Lifting based on weights in kg2.5
510
12.51520
01346
10
4th Light conditionsSlightly below recommendedUnder recommendedHighly below recommended
025
% supplement MTM analysis
5th Good Air quality Poor ventilationWork near hot objects (ovens, radiation)
05
5-15
6th Visual stress low accuracy Careful workVery careful and precise work
025
7th Sound Stress within guideline valuesVarying, high variation, loud soundLoud peaks (sounding beats)
025
Eighth Mental stress, Normal complex processComplex process, wide range of attentionVery complex and complicated
148
9th Monotony (mentally) lowMediumHigh
014
10th Monotony (physically) a lot of variationLight variationNo variation
025
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Ethical Productivity
Comments on ILO Recommendations
These recommendations are there to protect people if the workplace is not of a good standard.
The purpose is that workplaces have a good design based on human well-being.
Parts of these recommendations are taken care of by MTM in that times are based on movement
length and the object's weights.
Work organization can "zero" certain supplements. For example, group work with team leaders who
can replace a person for individual needs.
Think about work rotation, work enrichment, breaks and breaks.
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Ethical Productivity
Job level
Task level
Element level
Bass movement element
level
Fitter
Station
Activity
Hand / arm
movementMTM 1 (Reach, Grasp, Move, Position, Release, Disengage, Turn,
Apply pressure, Eye travel, Eye focus, Reading, Body, Leg, Foot, Simultaneus motions, Each movement on its own line )
MTM-SAM (An activity is written on a line in the order work is performed, but basic movements are included, activities in sequence)
Hierarchy of Work Activities
Difference between systems
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Ethical Productivity
Accuracy in MTM analyzes
General rule:
Random errors , evens out, occurs constantlySystematic errors , severe, affecting time
Example equalization time: MTM-2 GB 30 = 14 TMU MTM 1 = 11 TMU →Equalization 3%
Deviation%
Analysis time
5%
Equalization period in TMU(MTM SAM 150 TMU out of 3000 TMU)
MTM Equalization Times: Time required to analyze 1 minwork
MTM 1 = 0 2.5-3 hoursMTM 2 = 1600 TMU 1.5 hoursMTM 3 = 9000 TMU 20 minutesMost = 6200 TMU 1.0 hoursMTM SAM = 3000 TMU 30 minutes
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Ethical Productivity Important to remember to teach MTM-SAM
Method gives the time →Good method gives the time for the good method
Method gives the time →Bad method gives the time for the bad method
"Small steps"Each step in Method Improvement requires that the person (operator) must learn the new method!
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Ethical Productivity Method improvement
Each TMU is worth€ 0.0005
Savings0.017 € / part
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Ethical Productivity
Each TMU is worth€ 0.0005
Savings0.01 € / part
Method improvement
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Ethical Productivity
Each TMU is worth€ 0.0005
Savings0.005 € / part
Method improvement
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Ethical Productivity
estimates
Historical data
frequency Studies
Elementary Time System (MTM)
Clock study with performance
evaluation
Standard data system (MTM)
Accuracy in time records
Unreliable OK Good Very goodRelatively accurate
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Ethical Productivity
Standard timeAnalyzed standard times
Normal time for task
Work Element time
Bass Movement Element Time MTM 1 Time
Normal time
Standard time
MTM 1 Time
Normal time
Standard timesystem
Complete fromprevious clock
studies
Elementary Movement time only Developed standard data system
Set Default time
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Ethical Productivity
How to think about profit?
CO
ST
AW
AR
D
AW
AR
D
waste
waste
waste
waste
CO
STP
RO
FIT
Waste = Non-value creationDaily Efficiency Work
Not analyzed
analyzed
Cost + Profit = Price Profit = Price - Cost
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Ethical Productivity Line Balancing
Line Balancing reduces variations within a production line. Balanced production line is sufficiently stable and
flexible to receive changes.
For example if customers want to change withdrawals in volumes, in the sense that pace of time changes,
different operations or elements can be quickly moved between them
a. Calculate hourly rate = Hourly rate by dividing the customer's needs with available production hours 2400/40 = 60 units / hourct = 3600 seconds / 60 units = 60 sec / unit.
b. Calculate the theoretical minimum number of stations, Construction time / unit = 244 seconds244 seconds / 60 sec / unit = 4.067 →5 stations
{0 / c}. Calculate the efficiency of the line = 244 seconds / (5x60 ) * 100 = 81.3%
Customer demand = 2400 units Weekly production time = 40 hours
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Ethical Productivity
Line Balancing Example
Before
After
{0 / {1 Ct} /}
{0 / {1 Ct} /}
Continue moving activities between stations up to cycle time (Ct)→fewer stations
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Ethical Productivity CPI (Critical Performance Indicator) example
Efficiency Actual production timeAvailable production time
Active availability Cycle time * Required number of detailsReal time to produce
Part-time per detail Sum of all hours worked / Number of details produced (over a period of time)
Number of persons
Time-increasing time Time analysisNon-value-added time Time analysis
Number of method changes Method improvements
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The context makes the details understandable
Every detail becomes comprehensible in a specific context. Therefore, teachers need to know what context they want students to learn.
Repetition is the mother of all knowledge
The second part that stands out is repetition. The repetition must be based on productive knowledge, ie knowledge that is easy to use to
understand and explain many different phenomena and events.
Repeat knowledge in different contexts
Variation in learning is about the knowledge to be repeated must be used in different contexts. It gives two wins.
Emotional commitment makes knowledge stick more easily
The fourth part that makes students better able to remember what we want to teach them is that the student becomes emotionally involved in
the teaching.
Too much detail leads to surface learning
Remember the motto less is more. If we try to teach students too much detailed knowledge, they risk using surface learning strategies and
missing out on deep learning.
Experts' tips for learning:
Exemplify and show context (productive knowledge)
Repeat and vary
Enables emotional engagement
Drag down on the details
Decide what you want to teach
Be creative and think unusual
Find out how digital learning materials can make it easier for you as an educator
Let students solve problems themselves (digitally)
Offer regular breaks
Being a teacher
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Teaching is one thing - teaching is another.
Many have deep knowledge in their own special area and many organizations have a large internal source of knowledge that could easily be spread to others.
A knowledge reserve and a potential.
How, then, can specialists be strengthened in their ability to teach?
One basis is to understand principles for learning and to be able to structure their knowledge so that others can absorb it.
The following are six tips for you who are a specialist and intend to teach what you can to others.
Being a teacher
-
1. What is the target group's level and needs? Think about the target group's input values. What do you know today and where do you stand your level of knowledge? You can find out
this more precisely through some questions that participants can answer before. A number of knowledge questions, or some questions that
on a scale - ex 1-7 value where you stand in your knowledge in any area. "I master a timer clock" - Scale 1-7
2. Set a clear goal The clearer the goal, the easier it is to plan both the pedagogy and the approach in detail. Based on your research and knowledge
inventory, you can define a goal picture and a level of ambition that matches both your target group's needs and the time frame available.
If it is not possible to make an inventory or that you as an educator set goals and frameworks for the education yourself, it is nevertheless
important that the goal is clearly defined and described so that you can follow up and steer towards it in your planning. A goal can be either
an attitude, knowledge, behavioral or performance goal.
For example, “The goal of the MTM-SAM training is that the participants should gain in-depth knowledge of the method and elementary
timing standard MTM-SAM and that they should be able to act independently to choose the method and time with MTM-SAM . " Here is both
a knowledge goal and a behavioral goal.
{3. What time frame and what pedagogy leads to the goal? Assess from the goal picture which time frame is realistic for the goal to be achieved. There needs to be time here to also give the
participants a chance to absorb the new. Just listening makes it difficult to fully understand and remember what is being said. A fact session
and lecture session need to be interspersed with discussions, reflections and exercises.
Active learning is preferable for lasting knowledge. An approach where you alternate different pedagogical approaches and make a large part
of the learning session into exercises where the participants are active.
Being a teacher
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4. Adaptation to learning styles We are all different and this also applies to the way we learn. When we take in new messages and new knowledge, we use our senses. Some of
us are better at seeing and reading (Visual), others are better at listening and talking (Auditive) and a third would rather do and try (Kinesthetic /
Tactile). By adapting exercises and pedagogy to the different learning styles, you ensure adaptation to your participants' different needs.
5. Schedule one hour at a time When you make your "driving schedule", make a plan for the whole with a clear goal . Then break down your day or half day into clear units and
plan for about an hour at a time. Set a goal for each "learning session" as well. The goal gives you guidance on how to set up your passport.
How much training or discussion is needed to reach the goal? Should one be able to actively do and apply what you teach or is the goal just to
have insight into something overall?
Make an introduction to your passport that clearly states what it contains. Make a brief introduction, or a brief review of the facts. Think about
how the group or participants can then take the knowledge a little deeper. Can they practice anything? Discuss something? Solve a task
together? In this way, the participants get the opportunity to really start to understand what you have learned.
A good guideline is to spend as much time on training or active participation - or a little more - than the time you yourself talk and tell.
6. Provide conditions for further learning Think about how you can enable the participants to continue their learning and training at home. To only absorb the knowledge on a single
occasion is seldom enough for it to "get stuck".
Give tips on exercises to do yourself, guide with tips and advice, do knowledge tests to rehearse and complete. The faster new knowledge is
applied in daily life - the more certain that it becomes something lasting and that the process of internalizing knowledge begins.
Being a teacher
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Being a teacher
How do you capture the interest of the audience? How do you convey a message? How to plan a course or a presentation? What aids do you need? Which forms of work are suitable for a specific target group? How to create a favorable environment for learning? How to follow up the learning opportunity? How to create lasting learning?
A simple presentation in the daily work. A more comprehensive education. Important pedagogical driving rules. E n source of inspiration. Different mediation situations. The art of appearing and communicating
Book recommendations: Handbook in learning, addresses everyone who teaches, informs, supervises and lectures.
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Being a teacher MTM in the Future
Production systems Time setting / Method Improvement
AutomationCollaboration Human - RobotTeamworkShort product life cyclesreconfigurationsBalanced flowsNew technologyNew ProductsInternationalizationAGREEMENT between the parties
Industry 4.0
Machine times - MTM for the manual (Man-Machine)Machine times and MTM timesMTM times for balancingMTM times to track costs (linearity)MTM times make it easier to relocateMTM times as a reasonMTM times for investmentsMTM times for pricingMTM as a company standardEasy to get the same picture
Development of MTM systems and software
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Being a teacher Time usage
Time for Order
Time for adjustment
Adjustment base time
Adjustment time for work
Adjustment Manual time
Adjustment Process time
Waiting time
Conversion Distribution time
Turnaround
Time per unit
Bass time
Time for work
Manual time Process time
Waiting time
Fördelningstid
-
Being a teacher
IMD-EWD Rules for MTM use and training
1. A technician must be trained and certified in the MTM system he / she must use (Blue Card)2. The MTM association in the Nordic region (National MTM association) is responsible for Training Materials and Certifications.3. MTM teachers in MTM SAM must, in addition to passing the regular course in MTM SAM, have an MTM 1 Basic course. (Green Card)4. MTM Coach for a system must, in addition to passing the regular course in the current system, have an MTM course for teachers and
3 approved practical analyzes with the current system (Blue Card)(MTM Coach in the Nordics applies to MTM SAM)
5. MTM Instructor must have completed a fully approved MTM 1 course and a minimum of 2 approved completed courses in other MTM systems. (Green Card)
National MTM Associations are responsible within their territory that IMD-EWD rules for MTM courses are followed regarding Course content, course length and certifications.
NMTMF is also responsible for minimizing the unauthorized use of MTM systems and reprimanding if irregularities are suspected.
-
MTM systems
MTM 1
30° 45° 60° 75° 90° 105° 120° 135° 150° 165° 180°
T-S 2.8 3.5 4.1 4.8 5.4 6.1 6.8 7.4 8.1 8.7 9.4
T-M 4.4 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.6 10.6 11.6 12.7 13.7 14.8
T-L 8.4 10.5 12.3 14.4 16.2 18.3 20.4 22.2 24.3 26.1 28.2
TMU
8.5
19.1
7.1
0.5
17.0
0.2
D E D E D E D E O W O W O W O W O W O W
34.1 A, E
0.4 B
C, D
A, Bm
18.6 B
C
1A, 2, 5
37.2 1B,1C
4
1S
1SS, 2S
29.0 1NS, 2SS,2NS
31.9 1E, 1D
2
69.4
76.7
34.7
43.4
15.0
17.0
EF
W: within the area of normal vision
Eye Travel and Eye FocusCopyrighted! – Reprint not permitted! – © Copyright 1955 ... © 2008
Code TMU DescriptionMTM Association for Standards and Research
ET
7.3 Eye Focus
15.2 × T/D
maximum 20.0 TMU
Eye Travel
T: distance between points from and to which the eye travels
D: perpendicular distance from the eye to the line of travel T
O: outside the area of normal vision D Disengage: any class may be difficult if
care must be exercised to avoid injury or
damage to object
STD Stand from sitting position = Difficult to perform simultaneously
even after long practice.
Allow both times.
E: easy to handle
W - P per pace Walk D: difficult to handle
W - PO per pace Walk obstructed and/or with load > 23 kg
AP Apply Pressure:each case must be analyzed AB, AS, AKOK Disengage
D P3 Position:always difficultKBK Kneel on Both Knees = Easy to perform simultaneously. D3 Disengage:normally difficult
AKBK Arise from Kneel on Both Knees = Can be performed simultaneously
with practice.
RL Release:always easy
SIT Sit
Case I: complete when leading leg contacts floor.
TBC 2 Case II: lagging leg must contact floor before next Motions not included in above table:
motion can be made. T Turn: normally easy with all motions except when Turn is controlled or with Disen-gage
Position
PB, S, KOK
Bend, Stoop or Kneel on One Knee
Arise from Bend, Stoop, Kneel on One Knee
Turn Body 45 to 90 degreesMove
MTBC 1
Grasp
G
2NS
30 cm Case I:complete when leading leg contacts floor. 2SS
SS-C2 30 cm Case II: lagging leg must contact floor before nextReach
Reach additional cml motion can be made.
each additional cm
1S 41B
1C
1A
2
5
Simultaneous MotionsSide Step lateral motion of the body Disengage Position Grasp Move Reach
LM-
up to 15 cm
Leg Motion hinged at knee or hip in any direc-tioneach additional cm
Use Reach or Move.
- -
1 667,7 - 1 -
FMP with heavy pressure 27,8 1
B21E
1D
1NS1SS
2S
D P G M R
C
Body, Leg and Foot Motions
Code Motion Length Description
minute hour
FM up to 10 cm 1 0,036 0,0006
less than 30 cm
A
Bm
C
DB
A
ESS-C1
IMD-EWD
Turn - T
CodeForce/Weight
(daN/kg)
Time in TMU for Angular Degrees Turned
(International Motion Time Development
Ethical Work Design)
0,00001
Foot Motion pivoted at ankle TMU
Stenbocksv 12
Small: ≤ 1 54148 Skovde (Sweden)
Medium: >1 up to ≤ 5
Large: >5 up to ≤16
seconds
100 000 - - 1
Time Units
The time values in this data card are
equivalent to a per-formance of 100 % LMS
Do not attempt to use this chart or apply Methods-Time Measurement in any way unless you understand the proper application of the
data. This statement is included as a word of caution to prevent difficulties resulting from misapplication of the data.
https://imdewd.one/
MTM-1
Data Card ( SI – metric system )
-
MTM systems R-C mR-A mR-B mM-B in daN/kg Static Const. DynamicR-D R-Am R-Bm M-Bm up to SC in TMU Factor
2 or less 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.6 0.4 2 or less 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 0.34 3.4 3.4 5.1 3.2 3.0 2.4 1.0 4 3.1 4.0 4.5 2.8 1.26 4.5 4.5 6.5 4.4 3.9 3.1 1.4 6 4.1 5.0 5.8 3.1 1.98 5.5 5.5 7.5 5.5 4.6 3.7 1.8 8 5.1 5.9 6.9 3.7 2.210 6.1 6.3 8.4 6.8 4.9 4.3 2.0 10 6.0 6.8 7.9 4.3 2.512 6.4 7.4 9.1 7.3 5.2 4.8 2.6 12 6.9 7.7 8.8 4.9 2.814 6.8 8.2 9.7 7.8 5.5 5.4 2.8 14 7.7 8.5 9.8 5.4 3.116 7.1 8.8 10.3 8.2 5.8 5.9 2.9 16 8.3 9.2 10.5 6.0 3.218 7.5 9.4 10.8 8.7 6.1 6.5 2.9 18 9.0 9.8 11.1 6.5 3.320 7.8 10.0 11.4 9.2 6.5 7.1 2.9 20 9.6 10.5 11.7 7.1 3.422 8.1 10.5 11.9 9.7 6.8 7.7 2.8 22 10.2 11.2 12.4 7.6 3.624 8.5 11.1 12.5 10.2 7.1 8.2 2.9 24 10.8 11.8 13.0 8.2 3.626 8.8 11.7 13.0 10.7 7.4 8.8 2.9 26 11.5 12.3 13.7 8.7 3.628 9.2 12.2 13.6 11.2 7.7 9.4 2.8 28 12.1 12.8 14.4 9.3 3.530 9.5 12.8 14.1 11.7 8.0 9.9 2.9 30 12.7 13.3 15.1 9.8 3.535 10.4 14.2 15.5 12.9 8.8 11.4 2.8 35 14.3 14.5 16.8 11.2 3.340 11.3 15.6 16.8 14.1 9.6 12.8 2.8 40 15.8 15.6 18.5 12.6 3.045 12.1 17.0 18.2 15.3 10.4 14.2 2.8 45 17.4 16.8 20.1 14.0 2.850 13.0 18.4 19.6 16.5 11.2 15.7 2.7 50 19.0 18.0 21.8 15.4 2.655 13.9 19.8 20.9 17.8 12.0 17.1 2.7 55 20.5 19.2 23.5 16.8 2.460 14.7 21.2 22.3 19.0 12.8 18.5 2.7 60 22.1 20.4 25.2 18.2 2.265 15.6 22.6 23.6 20.2 13.5 19.9 2.7 65 23.6 21.6 26.9 19.5 2.170 16.5 24.1 25.0 21.4 14.3 21.4 2.7 70 25.2 22.8 28.6 20.9 1.975 17.3 25.5 26.4 22.6 15.1 22.8 2.7 75 26.7 24.0 30.3 22.3 1.780 18.2 26.9 27.7 23.9 15.9 24.2 2.7 80 28.3 25.2 32.0 23.7 1.5
Fit E D
G1A 2.0 S 5.6 11.2
SS 9.1 14.7
NS 10.4 16.0
G1C1 7.3 S 16.2 21.8
G1C2 8.7 Ø ≥ 6 up to ≤ 12 mm SS 19.7 25.3
G1C3 10.8 Ø < 6 mm NS 21.0 26.6
G2 5.6 S 43.0 48.6
SS 46.5 52.1
NS 47.8 53.4
G4A 7.3 > 25x25x25 mm
G4B 9.1 ≥ 6x6x3 up to ≤ 25x25x25 mm Code TMU
G4C 12.9 < 6x6x3 mm AF 3.4
APA 10.6 DM 4.2
APB 16.2 RLF 3.0
Code Fit E D
Code TMU Code TMU Case Description D1 Loose 4.0 5.7
D2 Close 7.5 11.8
D3 Tight 22.9 34.7
Normal effort, slight recoil up to approx. 12 cm
Considerable effort, hand recoils markedly up to approx. 30 cm
ComponentsCase Description
Without Regrasp
With Regrasp
Case Description
Very slight effort, blends with subsequent move up to approx. 2.5 cm
Dwell Minimum
Release Force
AF+DM+RLF
G2+APA
P2
P3
Position - P
Apply Pressure - AP
Disengage - D
Code TMUDescription
Apply Force
Close
Tight
without secondary engagewith secondary engage
No pressure required
Light pressure required
Heavy pressure required
≤ ± 1.5 mm
> ± 1.5 up to ≤ ± 6.0 mm
Not applicable
SymmetryCodeClass of Fit Handling
LooseP1
20 14.9 1.46
22 16.4 1.51
1.17
12 8.8 1.27
16 11.9 1.36
14 10.4 1.32
18 13.4 1.41
A Move object to other hand or against stop.
B Move object to approximate or
indefinite location.
Total Clearance > 25 mm
C Move object to exact location.
Total Clearance
> 12 up to ≤ 25 mm
1 0.0 1.00
2 1.6 1.04
4 2.8 1.07
6 4.3 1.12
10 7.3 1.22
8 5.8
Move - M
Motion
Length
in cm
TMU
M-A M-B M-C m(B)
with Force/Weight
Case Description
Contact release0.0RL2Normal release performed by opening
fingers as independent motionRL1 2.0
Select Grasp: object jumbled with other objects
so that search and select occur.
Release - RL
Case Description
Code TMU Case Description
G1B 3.5 Pick-up Grasp: object very small or lying close against a flat surface.
Pick-up Grasp: any size object by itself, easily grasped.
Grasp - G
B Reach to single object in location which may
vary slightly from cycle to cycle.
C Reach to object jumbled with other objects
in a group so that search and select occur.
D Reach to very small object or where
accurate grasp is required.
E Reach to indefinite location to get hand in
position for body balance or next motion or
out of way.
G3
G5 0.0 Contact Grasp: (sliding or hook grasp).
5.6
Ø > 12 up to ≤ 25 mm
Regrasp: change grasp without relinquishing control.
Transfer Grasp: control transferred from one hand to the other.
Pick-up Grasp:
interference with Grasp on bottom and one side of
nearly cylindrical object.
Reach - R
Motion
Length
in cm
TMU
R-A R-B R-E m(B)Case Description
A Reach to object in fixed location, or to
object in other hand or on which other hand
rests.
MTM 1
-
MTM systems
The systemThe system was released after many years of extensive research on the 1948 publication of the book "Methods of Time Measurement". By releasing the system in this far-sighted way, MTM became the first open source Predetermined Motion Time System (PMTS), enabling everyone to learn and practice the technology without infringing copyright. However, in order to protect against abuse and to prevent incompetent application of the system, the origins of the International MTM Directorate were born in 1953. Nowadays, IMD-EWD monitors the application of the system.
MTM-1 is officially described as "a procedure that analyzes each manual operation or method in the basic movements required to perform it and assigns to each movement a predetermined time standard determined by the nature of the movement and the conditions under which it is manufactured".
The predetermined data values fall within the following framework where each "movement" is further underclassed according to theparameters that affect the time required for the average operator to perform it. Each of these movements has a unique code and time value ranging from 2.0 TMU = 0.07 seconds (unit of measurement) up to the maximum value of 53.4 TMU = 1.9 seconds, which is displayed on the MTM 1 data card for the highest value for "Position". There are about 28 TMU in a second.
MTM 1
-
MTM systems
The 17 basic MTM-1 movements
Fingers or hand ReachGraspReleaseMovePlaceTurnDisengageUse pressure
Eye movements Eye FocusEyes movement
Body Movements foot movementleg movementsidestepTurn bodyBend, Stoop and KneeSit and standStep
In total there is more than 1,600 unique MTM-1 values.
Fingers or Hand REACHGraspReleaseMovePositionTurndisengageApply Pressure
Eye Motions Eye FocusEye Travel
Body Motions Foot MotionLeg MotionSide- StepTurn BodyBend, Stoop and KneelSit and StandWalk
MTM 1
-
MTM systems MTM 2
-
MTM systems MTM 2
MTM-2 is a very simplified form of PMTS, derived exclusively from MTM-1. It is referred to as a second-generation system.
system The system was designed and developed largely by the efforts of the Swedish National MTM Association and was approved by the International Methods Time Measuring Directorate in 1965. Since then, many thousands have been educated.
The complete project report showing the derivation of all data was published in 1971 and is available for inspection through the MTM Association.
The system is exceptionally descriptive of human motion analysis. Although MTM-2 is not as detailed as MTM-1, it still allows analysis of the work in unique micro time elements. Although officially defined as accurate enough to evaluate 0.8-minute work cycles (1,600 TMU), experience has shown that the system has been used successfully for operations of just over 25% of this figure.
{0 / Simplicity} The relative simplicity was achieved by statistically combining, averaging and replacing the basic movements that make up the MTM-1 system to arrive at fewer application codes and time values. MTM-2 has 39 unique codes , while MTM-1 has more than 1,600 codes, each with specific time values.
-
MTM systems MTM 2
The 9 basic MTM-2 movements Get and Get weight - 16 TMU valuesPut and Put Weight - 16 TMU valuesApply pressure *Regrasp *Crank *Eye action *Foot motion *Step *Bend and Arise*
* Note - A single TMU value for these movements
Use speedResearch has shown that a skilled MTM analyst will require between 100 and 150 minutes to perform a detailed MTM-2 analysis of a one-minute work cycle. Therefore, the application speed is about two to three times faster than MTM-1.
The 9 Basic MTM-2 Motions Get and Get Weight - 16 TMU valuesPut and Put Weight - 16 TMU valuesApply Pressure *Regrasp *Crank *Eye Action *Foot Motion *Step *Bend and Arise *
* Note - One single TMU value for these motions
-
MTM systems
MTM 3
MTM-3 Time Motion Unit Table The 10 digits to the right of the code column are TMU values that an observer would assign to different employee movements. The movement types are • Handle without corrections (HA), • Handles with corrections (HB), • Transport without corrections (TA), • Transport with corrections (TB), • Step (SF) and • Bend / Arise (B). If the movement starts and ends without "unintentional stops, hesitations or changes of direction", it can be considered an HA or TA
Distance Code HA HB TA TB
-6 18 34 7 21
Over 15 cm -32 34 48 16 29
Up to 15 cm
SF 18 B 61
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MTM systems
MTM 3
The fourth generation of MTM was developed by the Swedish Association of MTM during the years 1970. In the same logic as version 3, it consists of a new simplification of MTM while remaining 95% reliable. This makes it possible to be twice as fast as MTM2 , ie to analyze in one day, a work cycle of 4 minutes.
• Handling - H: This is a combination of Get (Release, Reach, Grep) and Put (Move, Position) on MTM2. It is about taking control of an object with your hand or fingers and placing it in another place.
• Transport - T: It is a simplification of movement and position for MTM1. It involves placing the object in a new place with your hand and fingers . The difference with handling is that the hand or finger already has control of the object at the beginning of the movement.
• Step and foot movements (SF): This category combines foot movements and walking on MTM2. The remaining definitions are the same as for MTM2. Regardless of movement, step, foot movement ... we give the value 18 TMU .
• Bending, upwards - B: This category defines a movement in which the body changes its vertical position, whether it is to bend, kneel ... In the same way as for MTM2, regardless of movement, knee, rise ... a time of 61 TMU is assigned .
• Crank , can be understood as a transport . Use pressure, re-entry or even eye movements are included in handling and transport .
-
MTM systems
MTM 3
HA HB
Manipulation with simple
grasp
Handling with difficult
grasp
Up tp 15 18 34
More than 15 34 48
Handle - Table H
Distance in cm
TA TB
Transport without
obstacles or complex
positioning
Transport with a precise
arrival position (
-
MTM systems MTM UAS
1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3 1 2 3
HA 25 45 65
HB 40 60 75
TMU seconds minutes hours approx. AA 20 35 50 HC 50 70 85
1 0,036 0,0006 0,00001 loose AB 30 45 60
27,8 1 tight AC 40 55 70 Code 1 2 3
1 666,70 1 approx. AD 20 45 60 BA 10 25 40
100 000 1 loose AE 30 55 70 BB 30 45 60
tight AF 40 65 80
handful approx. AG 40 65 80 Code 1 2 3
approx. AH 25 45 55 ZA 5 15 20
loose AJ 40 65 75 ZB 10 30 40
tight AK 50 75 85 ZC 30 45 55
approx. AL 80 105 115 ZD
loose AM 95 120 130
tight AN 120 145 160 Code
KA
KB
1 2 3 KC
approx. PA 10 20 25
loose PB 20 30 35
tight PC 30 40 45 VA 55
Body Motions
Walk / m
Bend, Stoop, Kneel (incl arise)
Sit and Stand
TMU
25
60
110Place Code
TMU
Visual Control
compound
tighten or loosen
CodeTMU
approximate
loose
tight
Operate
Handle Tool
simple
Motion Cycles
one motion
motion sequence
re-position and one motion
20
≤ 20
> 20
to
≤ 50
> 50
to
≤ 80
Motion Length
in cm
Distance Class
TMU
Case of
Get
Case of
Place
International
Motion Time Measurement Development
Ethical Work Design
© Copyright 2020 IMD-EWD
Get and Place CodeMTM-UAS
Basic Operations
Time Units
Use of these table values without training in MTM-1 and
MTM-UAS will lead to erroneus results.
≤ 1 kg
> 1 kg
to
≤ 8 kg
> 8 kg
to
≤ 22 kg
easy
difficult
> 50
to
≤ 80
Motion Length
in cm
Distance Class
≤ 20
> 20
to
≤ 50
-
MTM systems
MTM UAS
TMU
1
27,8
1 666,70
100 000
1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3 1 2 3
HA 25 45 65
HB 40 60 75
approx. AA 20 35 50 HC 50 70 85
loose AB 30 45 60
tight AC 40 55 70 Code 1 2 3
approx. AD 20 45 60 BA 10 25 40
loose AE 30 55 70 BB 30 45 60
tight AF 40 65 80
handful approx. AG 40 65 80 Code 1 2 3
approx. AH 25 45 55 ZA 5 15 20
loose AJ 40 65 75 ZB 10 30 40
tight AK 50 75 85 ZC 30 45 55
approx. AL 80 105 115 ZD
loose AM 95 120 130
tight AN 120 145 160 Code
KA
KB
1 2 3 KC
approx. PA 10 20 25
loose PB 20 30 35
tight PC 30 40 45 VA
Simultaneous movementsHand Right
No control required With required control
Hand
Left
No control
requiredSimultaneous Simultaneous
With required
controlSimultaneous
With Base Operation of
Additional interaction with
Distance Field 1
Visual Control 55
Bend, Stoop, Kneel (incl arise) 60
Sit and Stand 110
approximate
loose
Walk / m
tight
25
Operate
simple
compound
Motion Cycles
one motion
motion sequence
re-position and one motion
tighten or loosen 20
Body Motions TMU
Motion Length
in cm≤ 20
> 20
to
≤ 50
TMU
> 50
to
≤ 80
Distance Class
Handle Tool Code
easy
difficult
> 1 kg
to
≤ 8 kg
> 8 kg
to
≤ 22 kg
Place
1
CodeTMU
Distance Class
Get and Place CodeTMU
≤ 1 kg
Case of
Get
Case of
Place
Motion Length
in cm≤ 20
> 20
to
≤ 50
> 50
to
≤ 80
Time Units
hoursminutesseconds
Use of these table values without training in MTM-1 and
MTM-UAS will lead to erroneus results.
© Copyright 2020 IMD-EWD
0,000010,00060,036
1
1
MTM-UAS
Basic Operations
International
Motion Time Measurement Development
Ethical Work Design
Simultaneous movements requiring a high degree of control are analyzed for the
second hand with an additional Base Operation interaction in distance field 1.
The decision on the evaluation of simultaneous movements must be made based on
the following Matrix.
-
MTM systems MTM UAS
MTM-UAS is known as a 3rd level MTM system and was developed between 1976 and 1978 by a consortium ofSwiss, Austrian and later German MTM associations.
system The system has been developed especially for small batch productions where the analysis speed has priority over methods and operating details.
The data were developed with the following objectives in mind: • High analysis speed• Reproducibility of working methods• Sufficient accuracy for standard operations• Universal application
The system requires the following production characteristics: • Similarity between tasks• Standard workplaces• Good organization of the work• Availability of good detailed work specifications• Skilled workers, trained and motivated
Data were derived from MTM-1 analyzes from films from typical batch production operations
-
MTM systems MTM UAS
UAS (basic operations) Consists of seven activities: • Download and place• Place• Manage tools• Manage• Operating Cycles• body movements• Visual checks
The data card shows a total of 77 unique codes, whose values range from 5 to 160 TMU (0.15 to 4.8 sec).
The accuracy of MTM-UAS, compared to MTM-1, has never been officially defined but in general it is not claimed to be suitable for non-repetitive cycles of less than 1 minute (1 667 TMU) but again, as with MTM-2 it has used successfully for shorter non-repetitive cycles.
-
MTM systems
MTM SAM
-
MTM systems MTM-SAM Form
-
MTM systems MTM SAM
• The purpose of MTM SAM is for operators, designers and preparers without much training, to have a common language and uses the same method of analysis and thinking.
• MTM SAM can be used for method analysis in each phase of a product.• MTM SAM was revised in 1995 and since then experience of more than 12 years of training and use has been integrated.• MTM SAM is the 4th generation MTM system
• Basic activities GET (G)PUT (P)
• Complementary activities APPLY FORCE (AF)STEP (S)BEND (B)
• Repetitive activities SCREW (S)CRANK (CA)TO AND FROM (FA)HAMMER (H)READ (R)NOTE (N)PRESS BUTTON (PA)
Furthermore, several movements can have variables.
-
Movement Definitions and rules
MTM 1
-
75
Definition of REACH (R)
REACH is the basic movement used when the main purpose is to move the hand or fingers to a place or to a general position.
Net REACH distance
m R mEncode:
The hand is in motion at the beginning of REACH
Range (R)
Movement distance in cm
Type of destination
The hand is in motion at the end of REACH
A, B, C, D, E
-
Different cases of REACH
REACH with the hand to an object in a fixed and usual position or in the other hand or that the other hand is resting on.
Fall
REACH with your hand to an object whose position may vary from time to time.
Fall B
-
77
Different cases of REACH
REACH with your hand to an object, mixed with other objects so you have to search and select.
Fall C
REACH with your hand to a very small object or object that requires a very careful grip.
Fall D
-
Different cases of REACH
REACH with your hand to an undefined position to regain balance, or in position for the next movement, or to move it out of the way.
Fall E
-
Definition of GRASP (G)
GRASP is the basic movement performed with the hand or fingers to gain control or change control over an object.
GEncode:
GRASP (G)
Types of grips
Different cases (A, B, C) within the grip type
In case C or grip type 4, there are different dimension classes
1,2,3,4,51,2,3a,
B, CA, B, C
-
80
Different cases of GRASP
G1A
GRASP an object on its own that is easy to understand.
G1B
GRASP an object that is very small or a thin object lying on a flat surface.
G1C_ (1,2,3)
GRASP a cylindrical or almost cylindrical object, where the grip is obstructed by the surface below and on one side.
-
81
Different cases of GRASP
G2 G3
A TRANSFER GRASP is performed when an object is moved from one hand to the other.
G5
CONTACT GRASP is performed when the fingers or hand gain some control over an object only through contact.
REGRASP is performed when the fingers using two or more small movements change the position of the object in the hand.
-
82
Different cases of GRASP
G4 (A, B, C)
HOLDING GRASP is performed when your fingers grip an object that is mixed with other objects in such a way that you have to search and select.
dimension Classes
Case C
1 = Dia. > 12 mm
2 = Dia. ≤12 ≥ 6 mm
3 = Dia. 25 x 25 x 25 mm
B = Objects that are ≤25 x 25 x 25 mm but ≥6 x 6 x 3 mm
C = Objects that are
-
83
Definition of RELEASE (RL)
RELEASE is the basic movement performed with the hand or fingers to release the grip or contact with an object.
RL1
RL2
RLEncode:
Release (RL)
Different cases
1.2
-
84
Definition of MOVE (M)
MOVE is the basic movement used when the main purpose is to move an object with your hand or fingers to a place or to a general position.
m M mEncode:
The hand is in motion at the beginning of MOVE
Move (M)
Movement distance in cm
Different cases of movement
The hand is in motion at the end of MOVE
Effective net weight in kg
A, B, C
over
-
85
Different cases of MOVE
Fall
MOVE an object to a stop or on the other hand.
Hold point-grip point 25 mm
MOVE an object to an exact position.
Fall C
-
86
MOVE under the influence of WEIGHT
sc
The static component of MOVE with weight or resistance is the time element, which is required to tense the muscles to overcome the weight or resistance.
dc
The dynamic component of MOVE with weight or resistance is the increase in time, which is due to the lower speed of movement when moving heavy objects than moving light objects.
over
-
87
MOVE AND POSITION
When the requirement for accuracy is greater than in MOVE case C (
-
88
Definition of POSITION (P)
POSITION is the basic movement performed when the hand or fingers with one or more small movements put an object in a predetermined exact position in relation to another object.
With insertion
PEncode:
Position (P)
positioning degree
Symmetry
manageability
1,2,3 S, SS, NS E, D
Without insertion
-
89
Different degrees of positioning for POSITION
POSITION an object when the play between the object and the hole is small. Some pressure is required.
Grade 2, close
Light pressure
Grade 3, exactly
Significant pressure
POSITION an object when the play between the object and the hole is very small. Significant pressure is required.
Grade 1, coarse
POSITION an object when the play between the object and the hole is large. No pressure required.
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90
Different degrees of symmetry for POSITION
Examen S
POSITION an object when the cross sections of the object and the hole are shaped so that the insertion can be performed without prior rotation to adjust.
Exam SS
POSITION an object when the cross section of the object and the hole is formed so that the insertion can be performed in a limited number of ways.
Exam NS
POSITION an object when the cross section of the object and the hole is formed so that the insertion can be performed in one position. The maximum rotational movement is 180˚.
Align correctly
Insert
Rotate to adjust
Target set up
Insert
Rotate to adjust
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91
handle Portability(Manageability)
Manageability is the variable that expresses grip or handling difficulties in POSITION.
Easy to handle (E)
POSITION an object without changing grip and with good control over the object.
Difficult to handle (D)
POSITION an object with the help of a grip change or with insufficient control over the object.
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92
Position without INSERTION
Position without insertion is to place an object with a line or a point. It is also called SURFACE INSERTION if the post behind the surface does not count. Special rules apply to this type of situation.
1.5–6 mm MC + P1
6–12 mm MC
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93
Definition of TURN (T)
TURN is the basic movement used to turn the hand - empty or charged - as well as the wrist and forearm, around the longitudinal axis of the forearm.
TEncode:
Turn (T)
Rotate the angle size in degrees in 15 degree increments
The weight of the object
S, M, L
S 0–1 kg
M 1–5 kg
L 5–16 kg
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94
Definition of APPLY PRESSURE (AP)
APEncode:
Apply Pressure (AP)
Different cases
A, B, C{0 / {}
Force 1
/}
{0 / {1}
Time /}
Apply
force
Complete bike
Keep force at least Cancel force
APB = APA + G2
APPLY PRESSURE is the basic movement performed when the fingers, hand or other body part applies muscle force to an object, overcomes its resistance in a controlled manner, and possibly in connection with this, moves a maximum of 6 mm.
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95
Definition of DISENGAGE (D)
DISENGAGE (D) are the basic movements performed to interrupt the contact between two objects and are characterized by an involuntary recoil movement.
DEncode:
Disconnection (D)
positioning degree
1,2,3 E, D
manageability
manageability
RELEASE an object without changing grips.
Fall E Fall D
RELEASE an object and in this way the grip is changed.
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96
The disconnection time varies with the force or effort of separating two objects from each other. This variable is called DEGREE OF POSITIONING.
Different degrees of positioning for DISENGAGE
Positioning degree 1
RELEASE an object with little effort and insignificant recoil.
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97
Definition of EYE ACTIVITY (E)
EYE TRAVEL is the basic movement performed when the eyes are moved from one object to another object.
Eye transfer (ET)
EYE FOCUS is the basic movement used to fix the eyes of an object and observe a recognizable property of that object.
EYE FOCUS (EF)
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98
EYE TRAVEL (ET)
mo
vem
en
t le
ngt
h =
T
Sight distance = D
15.2 x T
DTMU
Formula for calculating time values for eye movement
Line of sight
Line of sight
The angle between the lines of sight is limited to 70˚
The time value for each degree of movement of the line of sight is set to 0.285 TMU
Because of this ET never exceeds 20 TMU (70x0.285 = 20)
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99
Different BODY movements
The group BODY movements include movements with the foot alone, movements to move the foot and leg and movements to move the whole body in different directions.
FOOT MOTION (FM)
FOOT MOTION is the basic movement performed when the foot is moved up or down or sideways with the heel or arch as the shoulder.
Print
Variables = Without pressure or with pressure
LEG MOTION (LM)
LEG MOTION is the basic movement that is performed when the leg is articulated in the knee and / or hip and the main purpose is to move the leg.
Variable = The length of the trajectory
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100
Different BODY movements
The group BODY movements include movements with the foot alone, movements to move the foot and leg and movements to move the whole body in different directions.
WALK (W)
WALK is the basic movement used when the main purpose is to move the body forward or backward by one or more steps.
Over 23 kg = hindered walk
Variables = Number of steps or meters Obstructed walk
Weight
SIDESTEP (SS)
SIDE STEP is the basic movement performed when the body, without turning, is moved sideways by one or more steps.
Variables = Torso movement (length) With one leg (case 1) With both legs (case 2)
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101
Additional BODY movements
TWIST BODY (TB)
Rotate the body with leg movement.
Variables: with one leg or with both legs.
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102
Additional BODY movements
BEND (B)
Bending is performed when the body, from an upright position, bends at the waist and hips, so that the hands reach slightly below knee height.
TRAVEL UP from BENDING (AB)
Ascending from bending is performed to return the body to the upright position from the bending destination.
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103
Additional BODY movements
RISE FROM STÅ UP (AS)
Ascending from bending is performed to return the body to the upright position from the bending destination.
STOP (S)
Bending is used when the back is bent at the waist and hips at the same time as the knees are bent so that the hands reach close to the floor.
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104
Additional BODY movements
KNEEL ON A KNEE (KOK)
This fall of the KNEEL is performed by moving one foot forward or backward and the other leg is bent so that the knee is lowered to the floor.
TRAVEL UP FROM KNEELING (AKOK, AKBK)
Rising from the knee is done to return the body to an upright position from the knee destination.
KNEEL with both knees (KBK)
KNEEL case 2 is often performed as KOK followed by a leg movement that lowers the other leg on the floor. KBK ends when both knees have reached the floor and good balance has been achieved.
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105
Additional BODY movements
TRAVEL UP FROM SITTING (STD)
STD includes no movement other than moving the body from sitting to standing. Like SIT, other movements must be analyzed separately.
SIT (SIT)
SIT does not include any movement from the chair on which one is to sit. It also does not include moving the body to the chair or to a starting point in front of the chair. Leg movements are not included either.
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106
Definition of SIMULTANEOUS motion (S)
CONTEMPORARY movements are basic movements that are performed simultaneously with other body parts.
CONTEMPORARY movements are usually performed with two body parts, such as two hands. More than two body parts may also be involved, such as two hands and one foot.
CONTEMPORARY movements can mean that the same movement is performed simultaneously with different body parts. This is the case, for example, with symmetrical two hands. Different movements can also be performed simultaneously with different body parts, a REACH movement with the hand and a SIDESTEP with the leg.