eurofins global control · pesticide findings by eurofins global control 01.08 ... 1511 0,98 0,047...
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ANUGA_Rice Conference 2017
Eurofins Presence Worldwide
130,000
Methods
30,000
Staff
41
Countries
1
Eurofins
375
Laboratories
2
Global Control International Network
21
96 Countries
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Benin
Bolivia
Brazil
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Cambodia
Canada
Caribbean Region
Chile
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cote de Ivories
Croatia
Djibouti
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Estonia
Ethiopia
France
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guatemala
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Italy
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Laos
Latvia
Lithuania
Madagascar
Malaysia
Malawi
Mexico
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Netherlands
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Salvador
Saudi Arabia
Serbia
Seychelles
Slovakia
Sweden
Switzerland
Spain
Sri Lanka
South Africa
South Korea
Tanzania
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Thailand
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
United Arabic Emirates
Uganda
United Kingdom
Ukraine
Uruguay
United States of America
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Zambia
Zimbabwe
More countries on demand Bold printed countries are those we also perform audits in
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Number
Year
Rapid alerts in rice, EU RASFF
TOTAL
GMO
aflatoxins
ochratoxin
pesticides
inorg.arsenic
ANUGA_Rice Conference 2017
EU rapid alerts for rice, RASFF
4
Source: RASFF, EU
The Challenges
First Challenge: GMO
5
• NO GM rice cultivated
officially worldwide
• US LL rice
contamination under
control
• nevertheless Bt rice
contaminating Chinese
rice products like
noodles, crackers,
sauces etc. and out of
control
• since 2010 also
spreading in South Asia
ANUGA_Rice Conference 2017
6
Differences in worldwide legislation
Second Challenge: Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A
No legal limit, action
level of FDA:
20 µg/kg (sum)
Maximum legal limit:
2.0 µg/kg (B1)
4.0 µg/kg (sum)
No legal limit,
Action level, MHLW:
10 µg/kg (sum)
Aflatoxins
• major problem in Pakistani Basmati rice
• major cause: improper storage and drying of paddy
Sun drying in Pakistan,
major cause for aflatoxins
ANUGA_Rice Conference 2017
Third Challenge: Pesticides
Differences of MRLs worldwide for rice
* Default MRL
** MRL for brown rice
*** approval for rice expired
Compound EU Codex India Corea Japan Russia USA
Chlorpyrifos 0.05 0.5 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01*
Chlorpyrifos-methyl 3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.01 6
Buprofezin 0.5 1 0.5 0.01 0.01*
Carbendazim 0.01 2 0.5 0.1 1 0.2 0.01*
Isoprothiolane 5 0.1 0.5 2** 0.3 0.01*
Tricyclazole 1 0.02 0.7 3 0.01 0.01
Fipronil 0.005 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.005 0.04***
Pirimiphos-methyl 5 7 0.05 1 0.2 1 0.01*
Propiconazole 1.5 0.05 0.7 0.1 0.1 7
7
4
2014: US increases
tricyclazole MRL
0.01
Next EU candidate
0.01
2017: EU decreases
tricyclazole MRL
ANUGA_Rice Conference 2017
The Pesticide Hit Parade, Top 40
8
Pesticide findings by Eurofins Global Control 01.08.2016 – 19.09.2017
Total number of tested samples: 4322
Number of pesticide positive samples: 2788
Chemical Number
samples
Max
(mg/kg)
Average
(mg/kg)
% of
samples
Chemical Number
samples
Max (mg/kg) Average
(mg/kg)
% of
samples Tricyclazol 1838 1,4 0,043 42,53% Biphenyl 118 0,098 0,022 2,73%
Isoprothiolan 1760 3,3 0,156 40,72% Difenoconazol 102 1,6 0,066 2,36%
Propiconazol 1599 0,6 0,034 37,00% Diphenylamin (DPA) 97 0,2 0,052 2,24%
Buprofezin 1511 0,98 0,047 34,96% Azoxystrobin 88 0,098 0,023 2,04%
Tebuconazol 1235 1 0,044 28,57% Quinclorac 77 0,036 0,016 1,78%
Triazophos 1076 0,38 0,033 24,90% Flubendiamid 66 0,065 0,021 1,53%
Carbendazim/Benomyl 735 0,46 0,016 17,01% Diethyltoluamid 58 1,3 0,084 1,34%
Thiamethoxam 705 0,28 0,030 16,31% Cyhalothrin, lambda- 56 0,053 0,016 1,30%
Imidacloprid 679 0,14 0,022 15,71% Acetamiprid 54 1,4 0,100 1,25%
Chlorpyrifos (-ethyl) 661 8,3 0,088 15,29% Phorate-sulfoxid 52 0,023 0,015 1,20%
Profenofos 508 0,23 0,031 11,75% Pirimiphos-methyl 51 4,9 0,170 1,18%
Hexaconazol 477 0,082 0,018 11,04% Fipronil 50 0,071 0,016 1,16%
Acephat 457 1,5 0,048 10,57% Cyproconazol 45 0,022 0,014 1,04%
4-Brom-2-Chlorphenol 422 0,17 0,021 9,76% Trifloxystrobin 44 0,11 0,030 1,02%
Malathion 350 20,7 0,524 8,10% Fipronil (Summe) 40 0,09 0,017 0,93%
Methamidophos 311 0,53 0,031 7,20% 2,4-D 31 0,025 0,015 0,72%
Fenobucarb 213 0,088 0,022 4,93% Bifenthrin 30 0,098 0,034 0,69%
Piperonylbutoxid 186 52,1 0,635 4,30% Carbofuran 26 0,012 0,002 0,60%
Clothianidin 177 0,089 0,023 4,10% Picoxystrobin 20 0,33 0,063 0,46%
Ethiprol 131 0,043 0,019 3,03% Fluopyram 12 0,12 0,062 0,28%
First Sustainable Rice Conference 2017
Pesticide residues in organic food
9
Italy no yes
Wallonia no yes
(unless shown that resulting from
external factors)
United Kingdom no no
IFOAM Guideline yes no
EOCC Guideline yes in discussion
US market no yes
Guideline / legislation concept of …
‘orientation value‘ ‘critical level‘
BNN Orientation value yes yes
(but only for BNN members)
Bio Suisse decision chart yes no
(but in discussion)
Source: Speiser et al.(2013): Guideline for handling pesticide residues in Czech organic production
Diversity in interpretations of pesticide residues in organic food
ANUGA_Rice Conference 2017
Fourth Challenge: Inorganic Arsenic
•Factors : rice variety, pH
and redox potential of soil
•EU limits: 0.1 mg/kg for
baby food, 0.2 for white
milled and 0.25 for brown
and parboiled rice
•Codex Alimentarius limits
under discussion
10
Source: Amini et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 3669–3675
ANUGA_Rice Conference 2017
Further Challenges
1. Authenticity of rice specialities:
a. Basmati, Jasmine, Sushi, Risotto etc.
b. Legislation: UK Code of Practice, French Rice Code, EU import
tariff exemption Basmati rice, law in source countries
c. Analysis: DNA fingerprinting
2. Contamination with mineral oils, MOSH/MOAH
a. Sources: packaging materials, spraying, jute bags
b. Legislation: in the EU under development
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Sources for MOSH/MOAH contaminations
13
1. a) nearly all rice contaminated from environment (<< 1 mg/kg);
2. b) harvesting adds lubricating or fuel oil
3. c) jute bags primarily contaminate Asian rice, at 2-15 mg/kg;
4. d) most rice packed in paperboard boxes contaminated from inks or recycled board;
5. e) no data available from antidusting by mineral oil;
6. f) occasionally rice is still sprayed with mineral oil
Source: EFSA Journal 2012;10(6):2704
ANUGA_Rice Conference 2017
How to meet the challenges?
Classically by preshipment inspections
- major disadvantage: only a cross-section through a lot
can be checked for compliance
- for GMO and mycotoxins a proper sampling is
indispensable (acc. EU regulation or Codex)
- buying/ selling decision depends on results of testing
(time consuming and risky)
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How to meet the challenges?
Better - Good Practices of agriculture, storage,
transport and processing
a) GMO: stringent control of seed materials
b) aflatoxins: drying of paddy immediately after harvest
c) pesticides: awareness building of farmers to use
agro-chemicals rationally
d) inorganic arsenic: agricultural practices like deficit
irrigation
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Further readings
17
Rice Processing is the new standard handbook for the rice
milling industry and related professions. Leading experts from
science and industry around the world have teamed up to gather
the latest research and pooled their state-of-the-art expertise on
rice, rice milling and rice-based value added products. The book
is technically profound, yet easy to read for both professionals
and those new to the field. The book contains introductions into
agriculture, morphology and trade. It gives detailed information
on drying, cooling, storage, parboiling and milling. Additional
chapters deal with issues from rice quality and food safety to
value-added rice-based products.
J. Sontag (ed.)
268 pages, hardcover, 2014
Art.-Nr.: 093-6
ISBN: 978-3-86263-093-6
In:
ANUGA_Rice Conference 2017
Contact
18 ANUGA_Rice Conference 2017
Thomas Unger
Phone +49-40-49294-3459
Mobile +49-162-237 01 34
Mail [email protected]
Eurofins Global Control GmbH
Neuländer Kamp 1
D-21079 Hamburg
www.global-testing.de