evaluation of introductions

EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF VALNUT SEEDLINGS, SELECTIONS, CULTIVARS, ANDINTRODUCTIONS

G. McGranahan, R. Snyder, D. Ramos, H. Forde, H. Phillips, and C. Leslie

ABSTRACT

This report contains tables and descriptions of some of the material underevaluation at UC Davis. It includes phenology and crack out data for

established cultivars, selections and French introductions. It also includes

brief descriptions of the selections that are available under test agreement.Crosses made in the course of the UC-USDA breeding program (1990-1993) are

presented in tabular form. This year 23 different crosses were made resultingin almost 1200 nuts. Seedlings (n-6l2) from 1990 crosses were germinated and

are ready for transplanting to a seedling evaluation block. Seedlings fromcrosses made in 1986 and 1987 are in the initial years of evaluation with some

showing precocity. UC67-ll was named Tulare and was submitted for patenting.It is primarily recommended as a replacement for Chico in close plantings.

OBJECTIVE

The general objective of this project is to evaluate and introduce newcultivars and rootstocks that will serve the needs of the California walnut

industry. The specific objectives are: a) to continue evaluations of

seedlings, domestic and foreign introductions, selections and cultivars in ourcollection; b) to identify pollenizers for Chandler, Howard, and Hartley by

evaluating seedlings from recent controlled crosses; c) to introduce germplasmwhich will broaden the genetic base available for breeding and d) to make

crosses for the UC-USDA breeding program in order to provide improved late-

leafing cultivars for the industry. The rootstock development report, and the

high density management system report are submitted separately.

PROCEDURE

Data is collected annually on the following traits: dates of leafing and

harvest, dates of first, peak and last pistillate and staminate blooms;

precocity; catkin abundance; percent lateral fruitfulness; number ofpistillate flowers per inflorescence; dichogamy; blight incidence; tree vigor;

growth habit; estimated yield; shell shape, texture, strength, and seal; nut

and kernel weight and resulting percent kernel; kernel fill and plumpness;ease of kernel removal; kernel color; type and frequency of kernel shrivel;

and frequency of kernel blanks. Diamond Walnut Growers makes a substantial

contribution by providing this program with a commercial crack out evaluationof selected materials.

Each year a panel reviews the data, examines the kernels and recommends action(save for further evaluation, select, discard, or "bank" in a germplasmcollection). Materials that are considered "advanced selections" are made

available to cooperating growers under test agreement.

The new UC-USDA breeding program is in its second of three years. The goal of

1

---- ----- ---

the program is to incorporate foreign germplasm into the breeding program andto produce populations of seedlings for cultivar selection. Standard

techniques are used to collect pollen, isolate female flowers in pollinationbags and inject pollen of the selected male parents. Seed are then collected,

dried, stratified and planted in a nursery. After one growing season they areundercut and transplanted to a seedling evaluation block. After three years

they are incorporated into the standard evaluation program.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

A list of all materials in the program is available in the 1992 proposal andfrom the authors. The list which contains additional information is entitled

"five year field plans" .

Cultivars: Leafing dates spanned a long period this year because Payne and

other early cultivars leafed out earlier than usual and Franquette and other

late cultivars leafed out later than usual (Table 1). Yields were generallygood, but blight was somewhat worse than usual on early cultivars. Harvestseason was later than usual for the late cultivars (Table 2). Color was

generally good, but shrivel was a problem in some cultivars, especially 67-11(Tulare) and Chandler. .

Selections: Selections are described in Tables 1, 2 and 3. Tulare, (67-11),

was described and submitted for patenting this year. Tulare is recommended

primarily as an improvement over Chico for close plantings. During crack outlast year the decision was made to discard 72-13. Other discards include 67-13, 68-104, 72-13, and 78-189.

Seedlings: Under evaluation are 72 seedlings from crosses made in 1986 and

102 seedlings from crosses made in 1987. At least one parent in almost allcrosses is protogynous. Of the 1986 crosses 26 flowered but more than half of

these dropped their flowers. Six are both late leafing and laterallyfruitful; five of these are from the cross XXX Mayette X Chandler. Of the

1987 crosses 46 flowered and 35 of these were laterally fruitful. Flower drop

was also a problem in. this set. It is unknown whether the drop was caused bylack of pollen, pistillate flower abscission or other cause.

Introductions: Introductions include seed and scionwood from the following

countries: China, Korea, India, Pakistan, Yugoslavia, Poland, Bulgaria,Hungary, Romania, France, Italy, Spain, Canada and US. Many of the Eastern

European kernels are dark, while the French walnuts generally have light

kernels. Selections from E. Germain's breeding program are all late leafingand laterally fruitful (Tables 4 and 5). The two with Franquette X Laraparentage appear most promising. The material from China which was introduced

in 1985 is generally laterally fruitful, and very precocious, but earlyleafing and with somewhat dark kernels. Chinese introductions from the 1990

McGranahan/Leslie/Barnett trip have been germinated and are growing in pots inthe lath house. Wood will be collected for grafting in 1992. These have not

been put directly in the field because the Walnut Crop Advisory Committee

recommends that all introduced English walnut seedlings be grafted on black orParadox rootstock before being grown in the field.

UC-USDA Breeding ProEram

2

--- - -- --

Seed collected from controlled crosses in 1990 were stratified and planted inthe nursery. Germination of the 20 families ranged from 16% (Cisco X 67-13)

to 100% (Cascade X Sunland) resulting in a total of 627 seed ready forundercutting and transplanting to a seedling evaluation block. The land for

this block has been prepared and is set up for microsprinkler irrigation and10 by 20 ft spacing. Additional controlled crosses were made in 1991 to

further complete the crossing design. These included 23 crosses resulting in1192 nuts, which have been dried and are ready for stratification. The

crossing design, numbers of seed and resulting seedlings are shown in Tables 7and 8.

Field Trial Summaries

Rootstock, cultivar and selection trials have been established by UCCooperative Extension Farm Advisors in 9 counties (Tables 9 and 10). Some

trials are small, designed to evaluate a few specific clones or seed sources;

others involve extensive collections of species or selections/cultivars grownunder different training systems. This year data collected at the plots ofSibbett, Reil, and Hasey were used to describe 67-11 (Tulare) in HortScience.

3- - -- ------

TABLE1. CULTIVARANDSELECTIONEVALUATIONSATU.C. DAVIS(SPRING1991)

X

LeaLfr'll b Pollen Sheddina Pistillate Bloom Frui tfulYielcfCultivars/Selectlons (Cross) Date DAP 5yr 1st Peak Last Atuldanc:e" 1st Peak Last Laterals Blight.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Reference

PAYNE 31 7 0 0 3/26 41 2 4/13 7 41 2 41 7 4/16 98 7 4HARTLEY 41 2 26 18 41 3 4/11 4/24 6 4/14 4/20 4/29 0 6 1SCHFRANQUETTE 4/17 41 28 4/18 4122 .......... 4 4/19

Established

SERR(PAYNEX PI 159568) 3/10 3 1 3122 3/31 4/12 8 41 1 41 5 4/13 90 6 0ASHLEY 31 8 1 0 3/27 41 2 4/13 7 41 1 41 7 4/13 95 7 4CHICO(SHARKEYX MARCHETTI) 3/11 4 3 41 5 4/12 4124 7 3/23 3/30 4/10 98 7 3SUNLAND(L(M)OC X PI 159568) 3/13 6 2 3121 3/31 4/12 8 41 3 41 9 4/13 75 6 2VINA (PAYNEX SCHFRANQUETTE) 3/22 15 10 3/31 41 7 4/18 6 41 6 4/13 4/22 75 6 2TEHAMA(PAYNEX WATERLOO) 3123 16 10 41 5 4/11 4120 6 41 7 4/14 4/22 50 6 2AMIGO(SHARKEYX MARCHETTI) 41 2 26 15 4/12 4/18 4125 6 41 6 4/10 4/15 80 5 0

.c:.. PEDRO(PAYNEX C. MAYETTE) 3/31 24 16 41 7 4/11 4/21 6 4/13 4/20 51 3 70 6 2HOWARD(PEDROK 56-224) 41 2 26 18 41 6 4/11 4121 6 4/12 4/19 4/29 90 7 0CHANDLER(PEDROK 56-224) 41 5 29 19 41 9 4/14 4124 6 4/14 4/22 51 1 90 7 2CISCO(PEDROK MEYlAN) 4/12 36 27 4/12 4/20 51 5 6 4/22 51 4 5/12 70 6 2

Select ions

TULARE,67-011 (TEHAMAK SERR) 3/27 20 13 41 6 4/10 4122 6 4/10 4/14 4/23 80 6 267-013 (TEHAMAK SERR) 3/18 11 5 3128 41 4 4/15 7 41 5 4/11 4/18 90 6 372-013 (59-165 X 53-39) **** discontinued ****72-036 (53-39 X CHICO) ---- -- 172 51 3 .......... 5/16 3 4/11 4/12 4/13 -- 2 076-080 (CHANDLERX 61-25) 41 2 26 164 4/10 4/12 4/19 5 4/17 4/23 51 1 60 4 077-010 (HRD X 64-57) 41 5 29 232 ---- ......... ---- - 4/11 4122 51 1 95 5 077-012 (HOWARDX 64-57) 41 4 28 19 ......... .......... --- ... - 41 9 4/18 4/29 90 6 178-010 (53-153 X CHANDLER) 4/10 34 26 4/16 4122 4/26 5 4/19 51 2 5/14 95 6---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.--.---..------------------------------

· "DAP" denotes "days after PayneN.

b Superscripts indicate numberof years for average, If 5 years of data not avaitabte.C Catkin abundance: 0 - no catkins, 9 -extremety dense catkin production.d Yietd estimete: 0 - no walnuts, 9 - extreaely high yield.· Blight score: 0 - no sign of infection, 9 - extremety severe Infestation.

TABLE 2. CULTIVAR AND SELECTION HARVESTEVALUATIONSAT U.C. DAVIS (FALL 1991)

Harvest Shl'l! Avg. Weight % Kerr1 Kernel- Kernel Color (%), Kernel Shrivel (%),

a 5 yShell C SheIt d Thick" In-Shell Kernel 5 yr FI It Light

Cultivars/Selections (Cross) Date DAP aVg Seal Strength (RIll) (IJIIIS) (IJIIIS) 1991 avg Grade Light Anber Anber TIp <50 50 Blank-----------------------------------------------------------------------------.----------------------------------.-------------------------------------------------Reference

PAYNE 9/19 0 0 0 2 1.6 13.46 6.88 51.1 50.8 4 100 0 0 0 0 0 0HARTlEY 10/17 28 20 0 1 1.7 17.36 8.43 48.5 46.4 6 90 10 0 0 0 0 0SCHFRANatJEHE 10/29 40 35 0 1 1.5 13.93 7.28 52.2 48.9 4 70 30 0 0 10 0 0

Establ ished

SERR(PAYNEX PI 159568) 9/24 5 3 0 2 1.5 14.59 8.07 55.3 56.7 4 80 20 0 0 0 0 0ASHLEY 9/20 1 0 0 2 1.5 . 13.43 6.48 48.2 49.7 5 100 0 0 10 0 0 0CHICO(SHARKEYX MARCHETTI) 9/22 3 1 0 1 1.7 11.65 5.48 46.9 46.9 3 100 0 0 0 0 0 0SUNLAND(UJIPOCX PI 159568) 10/8 19 15 0 1 1.3 18.65 10.64 57.0 57.7 4 80 20 0 0 0 0 0VINA (PAYNEX SCHFRANatJETTE) 9/25 6 5 0 2 1.5 13.77 6.73 48.9 48.4 5 90 0 10 0 0 0 0TEHAMA(PAYNEX WATERLOO) 9/26 7 6 0 2 1.3 15.90 8.20 51.5 49.5 4 90 0 10 0 0 0 10AMIGO(SHARKEYX MARCHETTI) 9/17 -2 -1 0 2 1.5 13.93 6.67 47.9 50.5 5 100 0 0 20 10 0 0PEDRO(PAYNEX C. MAYETTE) 10/6 17 11 0 2 1.6 15.56 7.71 49.5 47.8 5 90 10 0 0 10 0 0

01 HOWARD(PEDROX 56-224) 9/25 6 6 0 2 1.3 12.72 6.1,6 50.7 49.5 5 100 0 0 0 0 0 0CHANDLER(PEDROX 56-224) 10/11, 25 19 0 3 1.2 12.93 6.91, 53.6 50.0 5 100 0 0 30 0 0 0CISCO(PEDROX NEYLAN) 10/19 30 .24 0 2 1.5 15.64 7.61 1,8.6 47.3 5 100 0 0 0 0 0 0

Selections

TULARE, 67-011 (TEHAMAX SERR)10/1 12 9 0 2 1.2 16.51 9.03 54.6 52.9 5 100 0 0 50 0 0 067-013 (TEHAMAX SERR) 9/24 5 1 0 2 1.3 17.80 10.44 58.6 55.91 4 100 0 0 0 0 0 072-013 (59-165 X 53-39) **** dlscontl **** . --- ----.. -.....-... -..-- 58.172-036 (53-39 X CHICO) ---- -- 11 - - --- ----- ----- ....-- 59.0176-080(CHANDLERX 61-25) 10/18 29 14" 20 2 1.2 14.64 8.64 59.1 52.3" 4 100 0 0 30 0 0 0

71-010 (HOWARDX 64-57) 9/29 10 32 0 2 1.5 14.85 7.36 49.5 49. 5 90 10 0 20 10 0 0

71-012 (HOWARDX 64-57) 9/27 8 -1 0 2 1.7 15.72 7.53 47.9 47.3" 5 80 20 0 0 0 0 078-010 (53-153 X CHANDLER) ---.. u 28" . - u_ ----... ..--..... ---- 46.2

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------..---.---------.....-...-..-.--.-----...---.----ab "ClAP.denotes "days after Payne".

SUpencrtpts Indlcete IUlber of yeers for everage, If 5 yeers of data not available.cd Shan Seel: percent with open seel Inter slight pressure.

Shall Strength: 1 - strong, 4 - very week..f Karne' Fill: 3 - well, 7 - poor.

Kernel Color end Shrivel taken on 10 rendolllly selected nuts, other trelts on ten sound rUts.

TABLE 3. DESCRIPTIONOF UC SELECTIONS

Patent nrocess underway

67-11 'Tulare'. This selection is in the process of being patented and

released. A complete description has been circulated to Farm Advisors

and will be published in HortScience in early 1992. This is a laterallyfruitful selection that leafs out in mid-season and sheds pollen during

most of its female bloom period. It has an upright growth habit and has

produced excellent yields in high density plantings. It is primarilytargeted to replace Chico in close plantings. Tulare has been releasedunder test agreement to Stuke Nursery, J. Repanich, Driver Nursery, J.Conant, J. Fukumoto, W. Erdman, E. Germain-INRA, D. Schuering, D.

Bonilla, J. Hall, W. Berg, R. Wooley, A. Suchan, and N. Zanella

Saved for additional evaluation

72-36 This selection leafs out 3 to 6 days before Hartley. It is protogynous

and a potential pollenizer for mid-season cultivars. It producedcatkins in the second season ftom grafting which suggests that it may be

precocious. Because it was repropagated recently, nuts were notavailable for evaluation this year. In past years it has been harvested

3 to 5 days before Hartley and yield has been above average. Nut andkernel characteristics need further evaluation.

76-80" This is a laterally fruitful selection with a phenology similar toHartley, although in some years it has been ready for harvest earlier.

Further evaluation of nut and kernel quality is needed. 76-80 has beenreleased under test agreement to D. Schuering, A. Suchan, N. Zanella.

77-10 & 77-12 These two siblings are very similar to each other.Their unusual attribute is a short growing season. They leaf out and

bloom with Hartley but harvest with Payne. The nuts are usually similarto Chandler, but in 1991 there were some darker kernels. These

selections have ,been evaluated while growing on their own roots in a

crowded seedling selection block and their performance under normalgrowing conditions is unknown. Their poor rating in color this year

will have to be investigated. They were repropagated in UC orchards in1990. 77-10 has been released under test agreement to D. Schuering.

77-12 has been released to D. Schuering, D. Bonilla, A. Suchan, and N.Zanella.

78-10 This selection has been of interest because it is similar to Cisco but

harvests with Chandler. Color was a problem in 1990 and since the

mature trees were removed this year, nut and kernel quality could not be

evaluated in 1991. 78-10 has been released under test agreement to D.

Schuering, J. Bricker, A. Suchan, and N. Zanella.

Discard_or bank

67-13 This was originally selected for superior yield and nut quality but

recently was found to be highly susceptible to pistillate flower"

abscission. Because it will not be released it is no longer considered

a selection. It has been repropagated in the Pomology Germplasm

6

Collection because of superior yield and quality traits. 67-13 has been

released under test agreement to Driver Nursery, J. Fukumoto, W.Deardorff, Burchell Nursery, B. Waite, D. Schuering, and N. Zanella.

68-104 Originally selected for high yield and mid-season phenology, this wasdiscarded in 1990 due to small nut size and variable quality. It has

been repropagated in the Pomology Germplasm Collection because it shows

some tendency to bear nuts in the shade. This attribute has not beenconfirmed. 68-104 has been released under test agreement to Stuke

Nursery, Driver Nursery, and J. Fukumoto

72-13 Originally selected as a potential pollenizer for mid-season cultivars,this individual was recently discarded because of inadequate lateralfruitfulness. It is no longer available. 72-13 has been released under

test agreement to D. Schuering.

78-189 Originally selected as a potential pollenizer for mid-season cultivars,this was discarded in 1990 due to potential pistillate flowerabscission. This flaw was recently confirmed by Walt Deardorff and

Kathy Kelley. It has not been repropagated and is no longer available.78-189 has been released under test agreement to D. Schuering, J.Bricker and N. Zanella.

Other discarded selections under test agreement include 59-165, 63-378 and 75-74 (Driver Nursery), and 76-98 (D. Schuering).

7--- -- --- ---

TABLE4. FRENCHINTRODUCTIONEVALUATIONSAT U.C. DAVIS(SPRING1991)

XLeafing Pollen Shedding b Pistillate Bloom Frui tful

BlightdCultivars/Selections (Cross) Date DApa 1st Peak Last Abln:Iance 1st Peak Last Laterals Yieldc------------------------------------------------------------------------------------..------------------------------------------------

Reference

PAYNE 3/ 7 0 3126 4/ 2 4/13 7 4/ 2 41 7 4/16 98 7 4HARTlEY 4/ 2 26 4/ 3 4/11 4124 6 4/14 4120 4/29 0 6 1SCHFRANQUETTE 4/17 41 4/18 4/22 ......- 4 4/19

French Introductions

Verdot, RA118 5/ 3 57 5/ 6 5/ 9 5/16 4 5/ 9 5/17 5/22 40 4 0Soleze, RA137 41 6 30 4/12 4/18 5/3 4 4/18 4/24 5/ 1 0 4 0Ronde de Montignac 5/10 64 5/17 5/20 5/28 3 5/13 5/17 5126 5 4 0Meylannaise, RA.1019 4/13 37 4/25 5/ 4 5/14 4 4/19 4127 5/ 5 0 4 0CHASE09, RA494 3129 22 4/ 6 ---- ........ 6 4/12 4/18 4/25 80 6 0J. purpurea, RA1088 3/22 15 4/ 5 ........ ......- 6 4/12 4/16 4126 20 4 0CR 1-1 (J. cordiformis X J. regia) 4/ 1 25Lara, RA480 4/ 3 27 4/12 4/16 4122 6 4/14 4/20 5/ 2 95 6 1

to J. nigra, NG 23 4121 45 5/14 5120 5/29 4 4128 5/ 6 5/12 50 2 0J. maior, NG209 4/ 4 28 5/ 8 5/13 ---- 5 4/21 4127 5/ 3 95 4 0J. , HD6-15 3/28 21 5/ 6 5/12 5/17 7 4/19 4125 51 2 50 5 0

French Selections

H 91-10 (FRANOUETTEX PAYNE) 3/30 23 4/11 4/15 4122 3 4/18 4124 4/29 50 5 0H 91-37 (FRANOUETTEX PAYNE) 4/ 5 29 4/13 4/17 4124 4 4/21 4129 5/ 9 80 6 0H 94-11 (FRANOUETTEX LARA) 4/20 44 4120 4124 5/ 8 4 5/ 5 5/12 5/21 80 4 0H 94-12 (fRANOUETTEX LARA) 4120 44 4121 ......- ---- 2 4/28 5/ 8 5/17 75.' 4 0H 92-53 (fRANOUETTEX ASHLEY) 4/ 6 30 -..-- ......... ........ - 4/14 4/19 51 5 70 4 3H 93-9 (FRANOUETTEX PEDRO) 4125 49 4125 4/29 51 8 3 5/ 8 5/14 ---- 50 3 0H97-13 (SOLEZEX LARA) 4/ 2 26 4/ 7 4/10 4/13 2 4/19 4/26 4/30 50 4 0

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 ''DAP"denotes "days after Payne".b Catkin abln:lance: 0 - no catkins, 9 - extremely dense catkins , 9 - extremely dense catkin production.:Yield estimate: 0 - no walnuts, 9 - extremely high yield.

Blight score: 0 - no sign of infection, 9 - extremely severe infection.

TABLE5. FRENCHINTRODUCTIONHARVESTEVALUATIONSAT U.C. DAVIS (FALL 1991)

Hervest Shell Avg. "eight Kerneld Kernel Color (X). Kernel Shrivel (X).Shell b SheII C Thickness In-Shell Kernel Fi II light

Cultlvers/Selections (Cross) Dete DApa Seel Strength (m) (gIllS) (gIllS) XKERNEl Grade Light A/rber Anber Tip <50 t50 8lank--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Reference

PAYNE 9/19 0 0 2 1.6 13.46 6.88 51.1 4 100 0 0 0 0 0 0HARTlEY 10/17 28 0 1 1.7 17.36 8.43 48.5 6 90 10 0 0 0 0 0SCHFRANQUETTE 101Z9 40 0 1 1.5 13.93 7.28 52.2 4 70 30 0 0 10 0 0

French Introductions

VerOOt, RA 118 10/30 41 10 2 1.3 10.03 5.48 54.5 5 80 20 0 0 0 0 0Soleze, RA 137 10/ 9 20 0 1 1.5 13.94 6.84 49.0 6 100 0 0 20 0 0 0Ronde de Montignec 101Z2 33 0 2 1.3 8.99 4.48 49.9 3 90 0 10 10 0 10 0Meylennalse, RA 1019 101Z1 32 10 3 1.5 15.64 7.19 46.0 7 90 10 0 0 0 0 0CHASED9, RA 494 101 8 19 0 1 1.7 18.03 9.28 51.5 5 90 10 0 8 0 0 0

\0 J. purpurea, RA 1088 101 5 16 0 1 1.7 13.93 7.21 51.7 4 u_ u_ u_ 0 0 0 0CR 1-1 (J. cordiformis X J. regie)Lera, RA 1,80 101 8 19 0 1 1.7 17.70 8.72 1,9.2 6 100 0 0 0 0 0 0J. nigra, NG23J. maior, NG209J. hindsii, HD 6-15

French Selections

H 91-10 (FRANQUETTEX PAYNE) 101Z0 31 10 2 1.7 11,.43 6.80 1,7.1 6 80 20 0 0 0 10 0H 91-37 (FRANQUETTEX PAYNE) 10/16 27 0 2 1.6 13.39 7.57 56.5 5 70 30 0 0 0 0 0H 94-11 (FRANQUETTEX LARA) 101Z5 36 0 2 1.5 16.69 9.64 57.7 4 100 0 0 10 0 0 0H 94-12 (FRANQUETTEX LARA) 101Z1 32 0 1 1.6 15.1,3 7.92 51.2 4 100 0 0 0 0 0 0H 92-53 (FRANQUETTEX ASHLEY) 101Z0 31 0 2 1.3 11.40 6.05 53.1 4 60 20 20 0 10 0 0H 93-9 (FRANQUETTE X PEDRO) 101Z7 38 0 1 1.6 12.91 5.30 41.0 6 67 17 17 0 0 17 0H 97-13 (SOLElE X LARA)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.---..-----------------------------------.

b "DAP"denotes "days after Payne".Shell Seet: percent with open seet under stight pressure.C

d Shett Strength: 1 - strong, 4 - very week.Kernet Fltt: 3 - wett, 1 - poor.

e Kernet Color end Shrivel taken on 10 rendollllyselected nuts, other traits on ten scxn:l nuts.

TABLE 7. Crossing diallel for germplasm incorporation (no. seedlings/ no. seed)

Male parent

TABLE 8. Crossing group for late leafing, high quality and lateral fruitfulness (no. seedlings/no. seed)

Male parent

11

Female 85-8 Sinens Isr.i J purpurea Manreglan Chaae09parent year

Chandler 1990 22180 6/571991 112 127 171 1119

Howard 1990 60/149 35/1061991 /120 191 165

Vine 1990 31174 53/116 61/1151991 /120

Tulare 1990 51/96 36189 36/85 62/1111'991 150

Female Sunland 56-224 Chico Chandler Howard 67-13 r;ranquetteparent year

C. Mayette 1990 34/43 41/861991 134 144 172

Franquette 1990 8/25 14/31 14/541991 /32 122 112

Cisco 1990 20/80 161961991 161 148 155

Cascade 1990 10/101991 /15 118

Soleze 1990 16/221991 14

87-009 19901991 190

77-12 19901991 110

TABLE 9. CULTIVARAND SELECTIONFIELD STUDIES

Walnut Cu1tivar and Selection Performance in High Densitv ConfigurationPrincipal Investigator: G. Steven SibbettCooperator: L. BennettLocation: Visa1ia, CaliforniaEstablished: 1983

Design: 15 cultivars or selections (Ashley, Amigo, Chandler, Chico, Hartley,Howard, Payne, Pedro, Serr, Sunland, Tehama, Vina, UC 76-11, UC 67-

13, and UC 68-104) were planted in 9 tree plots (20' x 10' spacing,3 trees per row by 3 rows wide) replicated 3 times.

Evaluations: Bloom characteristics,yield, nut quality and vegetativegrowth characteristics.

Publications: Walnut Research Reports, "Tulare" Persian Walnut. HortScience(in press).

Walnut Cultivar Performance in High Density ConfigurationPrincipal Investigator: Wilbur O. ReilCooperator: C. McNamaraLocation: Winters, CaliforniaEstablished: 1984 and 1985

Design: 5 cultivars (Chico, Vina, Chandler, Howard, and Amigo) were plantedat two spacings (18' x 9'; and 22' x 11'). Rows oriented east-west.

Evaluations:Publications:

Yield, nut quality, and vegetative growth characteristics.Walnut Research Reports

Walnut Cultivar and Selection Performance in High Density ConfigurationPrincipal Investigator: Wilbur O. ReilCooperator: J. Fukum~to

Location: Winters, CaliforniaEstablished: 1985

Design: 14 cultivars (Amigo, Ashley, Chandler, Chico, Howard, Payne, Pedro,

Sunland, Tehama, Vina, UC 67-11, UC 67-13, UC 68-104, and Cisco [UC178, established 1987]) were planted at 22' x 11' spacing. Ten treeplots are replicated 4 times.

Evaluations: Bloom characteristics, yield,. nut quality, and vegetativegrowth characteristics.

Publications: Walnut Research Reports, "Tulare" Persian Walnut. HortScience(in press).

Walnut Cultivar and Selection Performance

Principal Investigator: Lonnie HendricksCooperator: B. CraneLocation: Merced, CaliforniaEstablished: 1978

Design: 10 cultivars (Chandler, Chico, Howard, Serr, Sunland, Tehama, UC 59-124, UC 60-119, UC 63-396, and UC 64-57) were planted at 28' x 28'

12- - -

spacing.Evaluations: Bloom characteristics, yield, and nut quality.Publications: Walnut Research Reports


Principal Investigator: Lonnie HendricksCooperator: B. CraneLocation: Merced, CaliforniaEstablished: 1987

Design: 10 cultivars and selections (Chandler, Cisco [UC 66-178], UC 67-11,UC 67-13, UC 68-104, UC 76-39, UC 76-80, UC 76-112, UC 77-12, UC 78-57) were at standard spacing. 1990 UC 72-36 and 77-10 added.

Evaluations: Leafing date, bloom characteristics, yield and nut quality.Publications: Walnut Research Reports

Selection Performance

Principal Investigator: Lonnie C. HendricksCooperator: G. SchmidtLocation: Merced, CaliforniaEstablished: 1985

Design: 6 selections (UC 67-11, UC 67-13, UC 68-104, UC 59-165, UC 63-378,and UC 75-74).

Evaluations: Yield, nut quality, and vegetative growth characteristics.Publications:

Cultivar and Selection Performance in Coastal

Principal Investigator: William H. CoatesCooperator: MultipleLocation:

Design:

Valley Region

7 cultivars and selections (Payne, Serr, Howard, Chandler, Pedro,Hartley, and UC 64-57) established in standard plantings.

Evaluations: Leafing date, bloom characteristics, blight susceptibility,yield, and nut quality.

Publications:


Principal Investigator: Kathleen M. KelleyCooperator: W. DeardorffLocation: Hickman, CaliforniaEstablished: 1984

Design: 15 cultivars and selections (Amigo, Chandler, Howard, Marchetti,Pedro, Cisco [UC 66-178], UC 67-11, DC 67-13, UC 68-104, UC 76-80,UC 76-98, UC 76-112, DC 77-12, UC 78-10, and DC 78-189) wereestablished in a standard planting.

Evaluations: Leafing date, bloom characteristics, yield, nut quality, andvegetative growth characteristics.

Publications:

Cultivar and Selection Performance

Principal Investigator: William H: OlsonCooperator: William StukeLocation: Gridley, CaliforniaEstablished:

13

---- -- - - -- -- --

Design: 4 cultivars and selections (Cisco [UC 66-178], UC 67-11, UC 67-13,UC 68-104) were established in limited numbers in a standardplanting.

Evaluations: Leafing date, pistillate and catkin bloom periods, yieldestimate, and relative tree vigor.

Publications:

Cultivar Performance

Principal Investigator: William H. OlsonCooperator: C.S.U. ChicoLocation: Chico, CaliforniaEstablished: 1987

Design: Cultivar Cisco (UC 66-178) was established as a pollenizer in astandard planting.


Publications:


Principal Investigator: Daniel M. IrvinCooperator: C. DunlapLocation: West Point, CaliforniaEstablished: 1985

Design: Cultivar Cisco (UC 66-178) was established in limited numbers as apllenizer in a standard planting.


Publications:


Principal Investigator: Joseph A. GrantCooperator: J. GotelliLocation: Stockton, CaliforniaEstablished: 1987

Design: Cultivar Cisco (UC 67-178) was established on 10 trees as apollenizer in a standard planting.


Publications:


Principal Investigator: Janine K. HaseyCooperator: J. ConantLocation: East Nicolaus, CaliforniaEstablished: 1984

Design: Selection UC 67-11 was established on 50 trees in a standardplanting.


Publications: "Tulare" Persian Walnut. HortScience (in press).


Principal Investigator: G. Steven SibbettCooperator: R. Waite

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Location: Bakersfield, CaliforniaEstablished: 1988

Design: Selection UC 67-13 was established on approximately 200 trees in astandard planting.


Publications:


Principal Investigator: Joseph W. OsgoodCooperator: R. DarrowLocation: Vina, CaliforniaEstablished: 1988

Design: Cultivar Cisco (UC 660178) was established on a limited number oftrees as a pollenizer in a standard planting.

Evaluations: Leafing date, pistillate and catkin bloom periods, yieldestimates, and relative tree vigor.

Publications;


Principal Investigator: Joseph W. OsgoodCooperator: J. RepanichLocation: Corning, CaliforniaEstablished: 1984

Design: Selection UC 67-11 was established on a limited number of trees ina standard planting.

Evaluations: Leafing date, pistillate and catkin bloom periods, yieldestimate', and relative tree vigor.

Publications:

Cu1tivar Performance

Principal Investigator: Joseph W. OsgoodCooperator: W. SartoriLocation: Cottonwood, CaliforniaEstablished: 1984

Design: Cu1tivar Cisco (UC 66-178) was grafted as a pol1enizer in a standardplanting.


Publications:

Cultivar Performance in High Density ConfiEurationPrincipal Investigator: G. Steven SibbettCooperator: L. BennettLocation: Visalia, CaliforniaEstablished: 1987

Design: Cultivar Cisco (UC 66-178) was established on 2 trees as apollenizer in a 20/ x 10/ hedgerow planting.


Publications:

Cultivar and Selection Performance in Hi~h Density ConfigurationPrincipal Investigator: Wilbur O. Reil

15

Cooperator: David ScheuringLocation: Guinda, Yolo County, CaliforniaEstablished: 1989

Design: 10 cultivars (Chandler, Cisco, UC 67-11, UC 67-13, UC 72-13, UC 76-80, UC 77-10, UC 77-12, UC 78-10, and UC 78-189) were planted 11' x22'. Four tree plots are replicated three times on two differentrootstocks (Northern California Black Walnut and Paradox).Observation plantings of four other varieties (UC 76-98, Lara, Ronde

Montignac, and Meylannaise) are also present. Eight acres of UC 67-13 are planted by trial. UC 72-36 added in 1990.

Evaluations: Bloom characteristics, yield, nut quality, and vegetative

growth characteristics.Publications:


Principal Investigator: Joseph A. Gr~ntCooperator: J. GotelliLocation: Stockton, CaliforniaEstablished: 1987

Design: Cultivar Cisco (UC 67-178) was established on 10 tress as apollenizer in a standard planting.


Publications:

Selection Evaluation

Principal Investigator: Kathleen M. KelleyCooperator: R. DriverLocation: Modesto, CaliforniaEstablished: 1984

Design: 6 selections (UC 59-165, UC 63-278, UC 67-11, UC 67-13, UC 68-104,and UC 75-74) were established in limited numbers in a standardplanting.

Evaluations: Leafing date, pistillate and catkin bloom periods, yieldesti~ate, and relative tree vigor.

Publications:


Principal Investigator: Kathleen M. KelleyCooperator: Burchell NurseryLocation: Stanislaus County, CaliforniaEstablished: 1988

Design: Cultivar Cisco (UC 67-178) and selection UC 67-13 were establishedin limited numbers in a standard planting.


Publications:


Principal Investigator: William H. CoatesCooperator: N. ZanellaLocation: Hollister, CaliforniaEstablished: 1990

Design: 1 cultivar and 6 selections (Cisco [UC 67-178], UC 67-11, UC 67-13,

16

UC 76-80, UV 77-12, UC 78-10, and UC 78-189) were established in astandard planting.

Evaluations: Leafing date, bloom characteristics, yield, nut quality, andvegetative growth characteristics.

Publications:

Walnut Selection Performance

Principal Investigator: Joseph A. GrantCooperator: B. VinkLocation: Tracy, CaliforniaEstablished: 1990

Design: UC 67-11 established in limited numbers for field evaluation.


Publications:

17

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TABLE 10. ROOTSTOCKFIELD STUDIES

Walnut Rootstock PerformancePrincipal Investigator: Lonnie C. HendricksCooperator: W. LinvilleLocation: Gustine, CaliforniaEstablished: 1986

Design: 5 rootstocks (J. regia Manregian seedlings, J. regia Indiaseedlings, J. regia Amigo seedlings, J. hindsii Rawlins and Rawlins[Calvert] , Paradox) were planted in 5 tree plots replicated 3times. Vina was budded onto the rootstocksin 1987with Vina scionsapplied to.failures in 1988.

Evaluations: Survival, initial rootstock vigor, comparative vigor of Vina,yield, nut quality, nematode tolerance, and salinitytolerance.

Publications:

Walnut Species Rootstock Performance

Principal Investigator: Janine K. HaseyCooperator: J. ConantLocation: Rio Oso, CaliforniaEstablished: 1987

Design: 7 rootstocks (J. cali£ornica seedlings, J. major seedlings, J.microcarpa seedlings, J. hindsii seedlings, Paradox seedlings,clonal Paradox and J. ailanthi£olia seedlings) grafted to Chandlerwere planted at a 25' x 25' spacing (except J. ailanthi£oliaestablished at'a 12.5' x 25' spacing) in a randomized complete blockdesign with 20 replicates.

Evaluations: Survival, relative tree vigor, yield, and nut quality.Publications:

Walnut Species Rootstock Performance/Tolerance to A. mellea

Principal Investigator: Wilbur O. ReilCooperator: C. McNama~aEstablished: 1986

Design: 11 rootstocks (Rawlins [Calvert] paradox [various sources], Royal,J. hindsii Rawlins, J. regia Manregian, J. regia Amigo," J.cali£ornica [So. Calif. Black], J. microcarpa [Texas Black], J.nigra [Eastern Black], J. ailanthi£olia [Japanese Black], and J.major [Arizona Black] were planted in 4 tree plots replicated 4times.

Evaluations: Survival (toleranceto A. mellea), relative tree vigor.Publications:

Walnut High Densitv. Soil Modification and Rootstock PerformancePrincipal Investigators: William H. Krueger and John P. EdstromCooperator: Nickel's Estate Soils LaboratoryLocation: Colusa County, CaliforniaEstablished: 1986

Design: 2 rootstocks (J. hindsii Rawlins and Rawlins paradox) grafted toeither Chandler or Howard were planted in 5 tree plots replicated 6times in a completely randomized design. Additionally, one half of

18

the plots were "slip plowed."Evaluations: Relative tree vigor, yield, and nut quality.Publications:

Walnut Rootstock Performance

Principal Investigators: Joseph W. Osgood and Father JosephCooperator: Trappist MonasteryLocation: Vina, CaliforniaEstablished: 1986

Design: 4 rootstocks (J. regia Eureka, J. regia Manregian, clonal paradox,and rooted Chandler) were established.

Evaluations: Survival, relative rootstock vigor, yield, and nut quality.Publications:

English Walnut Rootstock PerformancePrincipal Investigator: Joseph A. GrantCooperator: James FerrariLocation: Linden, CaliforniaEstablished: 1989

Design: 5 rootstocks (J. regia Manregian seedlings, J. regia Eurekaseedlings, J. regia Spain seedlings, J. regia Ronde de Montignacseedlings, and J. regia Carne seedlings) established in a randomizedcomplete block design.

Evaluations: Survival, relative rootstock vigor, yield, and nut quality.Publications:

Design: 5 rootstocks (J. regia Manregian seedlings, J. regia Eurekaseedlings, J. regia Spain seedlings, J. regia Ronde de Montignacseedlings, and'J. regia Carne seedlings) grafted wi~h Chandler wereplanted in 5 tree plots replicated 3 times.

Evaluation: Relative tree vigor, yield, and nut quality.Publications:

Walnut Rootstock Performance

Principal Investigator: Kathleen M. KelleyCooperators: James De~artini (grower) and David Bonilla (nurseryman)Location: Modesto.,CaliforniaEstablished: 1989

Design: 7 rootstocks (J. regia Manregian seedlings, J. regia Eurekaseedlings, J. regia Spain seedlings, J. regia Ronde de Montignacseedlings, J. regia Carne seedlings, J. regia Serr seedlings, andParadox seedlings) grafted with Chandler were planted in 5 treeplots replicated 3 times.

Evaluations: Relative tree vigor, yield, and nut quality.Publications:

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evaluation of introductions

Documents