evm training report

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MINI PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE

Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of therequirements For the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

By

DHEERAJ BHATIAROLL NO.-11

SEMESTER -7TH

Under the guidance of M r. ANIL DUDI

Assistant Professor

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

SHRI BABA MAST NATH UNIVERSITY

ASTHAL BOHAR, ROHTAK

,


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SHRI BABA MAST NATH UNIVERSITY

ASTHAL BOHAR , ROHTAK

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE that is being submitted by DHEERAJ

Electronics and Communication to the Shri Baba Mast Nath University is a record of . bonafide work carried out by him under my guidance and supervision. The results embodied in

this project report have not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award

of any Graduation degree.

Mr. JITENDER KHURANA Mr. ANIL DUDI

HOD, ECE Assistant Professor, ECE BMU ROHTAK BMU ROHTAK

(Project Guide)

Bachelor of Technology in


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ABSTRACT


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ABSTRACT

According to Election Data Services the percentage of electronic voting machines per

county doubled between 1998 and 2002 to 16 percent-, yet a full replacement of the traditional

voting procedure is very unlikely. In its essence, an electronic voting machine is a computer

assisted self-interviewing device (CASI) giving the voter the opportunity to review and change

his/her vote before submitting it. The different types of voting machines allow for different kinds

of interaction, such as using a touch screen technology, using a dial wheel, touching a paper

panel, or pressing a button on an LCD screen. Each machine provides feedback for blank ballots

and under-voting and prevents selecting more choices than the maximum allowed. Somemachines even have advanced functions such as increasing the font for visually impaired voters

and/or allowing for listening of the voting options rather than reading. The common features

electronic voting machines share with CASI and ACASI devices allow for theoretical and

empirical predictions of the advantages and disadvantages this technology can provide. The

paper presents an overview of the different types of voting machines and based on established

theories and results from CASI and ACASI studies, examines and compares characteristics of the

machines currently used and computer-human interaction mechanisms, their potential effects,

and unexplored applications. Furthermore, possibilities such as prediction of candidates name

order effect, already existing in the literature, and computer literacy effect on voting are

discussed


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CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION:1.1 The Electronic Voting Machine An Electronic Marvel.

1.2 Description

2. TOOLS USED:

2.1 Hardware Tools

2.2 Software Tools

3. FLOW DIAGRAM:

4. BLOCK DIAGRAM

4.1.Description Of BlockDiagram

5. OPERATION5.1 Operation or Working of Project:

6.SOFTWARE CODE:

6.1 C code6.2 Proteus file

7.HARDWARE DESIGN

8.ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

9.CONCLUSION:


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CHAPTER :1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Electronic Voting Machine An Electronic Marvel.

Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) retains all the characteristics of voting by ballot papers, while

making polling a lot more expedient. Being fast and absolutely reliable, the EVM saves

considerable time, money and manpower. And, of course, helps maintain total voting secrecy

without the use of ballot papers. The EVM is 100 per cent tamper proof. And, at the end of the

polling, just press a button and there you have the results.

1.2 Description:

Electronic voting machine has now days become an effective tool for voting. It ensures flawless

voting and thus has become more widespread. It ensures people about their vote being secured. It

avoids any kind of malpractice and invalid votes. Also such kind of system becomes more

economical as consequent expenditure incurred on manpower is saved. It is also convenient on

the part of voter, as he has to just press one key whichever belongs to his candidates.

voting machines are the total combination of mechanical , electromechanical ,

or electronic equipment (including softwar e, firmware , and documentation required to program

control, and support equipment), that is used to define ballots; to cast and count votes ; to report or

display election results; and to maintain and produce any audit trail information. The first voting

machines were mechanical but it is increasingly more common to use electronic

voting machines.

A voting system includes the practices and associated documentation used to identify system

components and versions of such components; to test the system during its development and

maintenance; to maintain records of system errors or defects; to determine specific changes made
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Votehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Votehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_votinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_votinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_votinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_votinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_votinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Votehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_engineering


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after initial certification; and to make available any materials to the voter (such as

notices, instructions, forms, or paper ballots).

Traditionally, a voting machine has been defined by the mechanism the system uses to cast

votes and further categorized by the location where the system tabulates the votes.Voting machines have different levels of usability, security, efficiency and accuracy. Certain

systems may be more or less accessible to all voters, or not accessible to those voters with certain

types of disabilities. They can also have an effect on the public's ability to oversee elections.


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CHAPTER:2

TOOLS USED 2.1 HARDWARE TOOLS:

The control Unit : In Total control of the polling

Conduction of polling, display of total votes polled, sealing at the end of the poll, and finally,

declaration of results these are the various accomplishments of just one gadget : the control

unit. In total control of the polling, this electronic unit gives you all necessary information at a

press of a few buttons. For instance, if you need to know the total number of votes, you justhave to press the Total switch. Candidates-wise results can be had only at the end of polling.

The Ballot Unit : An electronic ballot bo x.

A simple voting device, it displays the list of candidates. A facility to incorporate party names

and symbols is in-built. All the voter has to do is press the desired switch located next to the

name of each candidate. The main advantage is the speed, apart from the simplicity of operation,

which requires no training at all. A single ballot unit takes in the names of 16 candidates. And

thus, by connecting four ballot units the EVM can accommodate a total of 64 candidates in a

single election.

2.2 SOFTWARE TOOLS:

KEIL SOFTWARE: The Keil 8051 Development Tools are designed to solve the complex problems facing

embedded software developers.

When starting a new project, simply select the microcontroller you use from the Device

Database and the Vision IDE sets all compiler, assembler, linker, and memory options

for you.

Numerous example programs are included to help you get started with the most popular

embedded 8051 devices.
http://www.indian-elections.com/electoralsystem/electricvotingmachine.htmlhttp://www.indian-elections.com/electoralsystem/electricvotingmachine.html


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The Keil Vision Debugger accurately simulates on-chip peripherals (IC, CAN, UART, SPI,

Interrupts, I/O Ports, A/D Converter, D/A Converter, and PWM Modules) of your 8051

device. Simulation helps you understand hardware configurations and avoids time wasted

on setup problems. Additionally, with simulation, you can write and test applications before

target hardware is available.

PROTEUS SOFTWARE:

Proteus 7.0 is a Virtual System Modelling (VSM) that combines circuit simulatio n, animated components

microprocessor models to co-simulate the complete microcontroller based designs. This is the perfect tool for

engineers to test their microcontroller designs before constructing a physical prototype in real time. This

program allows users to interact with the design using on-screen indicators and/or LED and LCD displays and,i attached to the PC, switches and buttons.

One of the main components of Proteus 7.0 is the Circuit Simulation -- a product that uses a SPICE3f5

analogue simulator kernel combined with an event-driven digital simulator that allow users to utilize any

SPICE model by any manufacturer.

Proteus VSM comes with extensive debugging features, including breakpoints, single stepping and variable

display for a neat design prior to hardware prototyping.

In summary, Proteus 7.0 is the program to use when you want to simulate the interaction between

software running on a microcontroller and any analog or digital electronic device connected to it.

Advantages:

Real time simulation.

Time and money saving.
http://circuit-simulation.software.informer.com/http://prototype.software.informer.com/http://components1.software.informer.com/http://simulation1.software.informer.com/http://simulator.software.informer.com/http://users3.software.informer.com/http://electronic-design.software.informer.com/http://program.software.informer.com/http://microcontroller.software.informer.com/http://electronic-modeling.software.informer.com/http://electronic-modeling.software.informer.com/http://microcontroller.software.informer.com/http://program.software.informer.com/http://electronic-design.software.informer.com/http://users3.software.informer.com/http://simulator.software.informer.com/http://simulation1.software.informer.com/http://components1.software.informer.com/http://prototype.software.informer.com/http://circuit-simulation.software.informer.com/


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CHAPTER:3 FLOW DIAGRAM


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CHAPTER:4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE:

Fig.4.1 Block diagram of electronic voting machine


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4.1 Description in detail:

The Electronic Voting Machine basically consists of four main blocks; these are

keypad, micro controller, display and control switches

Fig 4.2AT89C51MicroController

1)Micro

controller:

Micro

controller

senses the

signal

given from

switches

and decides

the mode of

operation invoting

mode it increments the data for corresponding key i.e. respective candidate as well as it sends

signal to display block to indicate one key is pressed. In counting mode micro controllers

fetches data from memory location and send it to display devices.


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Fig 4.3 LCD

2) LCD: Liquid Crystal Display which is commonly known as LCD is an Alphanumeric Display

it means that it can display Alphabets, Numbers as well as special symbols thus LCD is a user

friendly Display device which can be used for displaying various messages unlike seven segment

display which can display only numbers and some of the alphabets. The only disadvantage of

LCD over seven segment is that seven segment is robust display and be visualized from a longer

distance as compared to LCD. Here I have used 16 x 2 Alphanumeric Display which means on

this display I can display two lines with maximum of 16 characters in one line.


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Fig 4.4 LED

LED:

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps

in many devices and are increasingly used for other lightin g.Light-emitting diodes are used in

applications as diverse as replacements for aviation lighting , automotive lighting (particularly

brake lamps, turn signals and indicators ) as well as in traffic signals .

Fig 4.5 Control Switch

3) Control switches: There are three control switches:

I. Clear Votes. II. Controller switch. III. Total Votes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigation_light#Aviation_navigation_lightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting#Light_emitting_diodes_.28LED.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED#Indicators_and_signshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED#Indicators_and_signshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting#Light_emitting_diodes_.28LED.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigation_light#Aviation_navigation_lightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor


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CHAPTER:5

OPERATION

5.1 Operation or Working of Project:

1] Power on: When supply is turned on RED LED glows.

2] Mode selection:

i. Voting mode: toggle switch on VCC

ii. Counting mode: toggle switch on GND.

Voting Mode: When toggle switch is in voting mode Voting mode is displayed followed by

Please vote . After a vote being given, Please wait for authority switch is displayed and again

enable for voting after Control switch being pressed by the voting Authority.

Counting Mode: When toggle switch is in counting mode Counting mode in displayed on

the screen, and total number of votes to respective candidate can be displayed on the screen by

pressing the respective key assigned to them.

3] Clear mode: Press clear switch when all entries are required to be erased. Clear switch should

be pressed before voting procedure.

4] Buzzer indication: Pressing of key in voting mode is indicated by a buzzer sound.

5] Controller switch: This switch is provided for enabling the keypad in voting mode. This

switch is under the control of voting authority.


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CHAPTE:6

SOFTWARE CODE

6.1 C code:

#include

sfr input=0x90; sfr

ldata=0xa0; sbit

rs=P0^7;

sbit rw=P0^6;

sbit en=P0^5;

sbit m=P3^0;

sbit n=P3^1;

sbit buzz=P3^2;

sbit on=P3^3;

void delay(int );

void lcdcmd(char );

void lcddata1(char *);

void lcddata(char);

//void lcd();

int i1,i11,i12,i2,i21,i22,i3,i31,i32,i4,i41,i42,i5,i51,i52,i6,i61,i62,i7,i71,i72,i8,i81,i82=0;


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void main()

{ on=0;

P1=0;P3=0;

while(1)

{

lcdcmd(0x38);

delay(10);

lcdcmd(0x0e) ;

delay(10);

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcdcmd(0x06) ;

delay(20) ;

if(n==1)

on=1;

if(m==1&on==1)

{

if (input==0x01)

{


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buzz=1;

while (input ==

0x01); i1=i1 + 1;

if(i1>=10)

i11=i1/10;

i12=i1%10;

on=0;

buzz=0;

//ready=0;

}

if (input==0x02)

{buzz=1;

while (input == 0x02);

{

i2=i2 + 1;

if(i2>=10)

i21=i2/10;

i22=i2%10;

on=0;


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buzz=0;

}

}

if (input==0x04)

{

buzz=1;

while (input ==0x04);

{

i3=i3 + 1;

if(i3>=10)

i31=i3/10;

i32=i3%10;

on=0;

buzz=0;

}

}

if (input==0x08)

{

buzz=1;


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{

i4=i4 + 1;

if(i4>=10)

i41=i4/10;

i42=i4%10;

on=0;

buzz=0;

}

}

if (input==0x10)

{

buzz=1;


{

i5=i5 + 1;

if(i5>=10)

i51=i5/10;

i52=i5%10;


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i5=0;

on=0;

buzz=0;

}

}

if (input==0x20)

{

buzz=1;


{

i6=i6 + 1;

if(i6>=10)

i61=i6/10;

i62=i6%10;

on=0;

buzz=0;

}

}

if (input==0x40)


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{

buzz=1;


{

i7=i7 + 1;

if(i7>=10)

i71=i7/10;

i72=i7%10;

on=0;

buzz=0;

}

}

if (input==0x80)

{

buzz=1;


{

i8=i8 + 1;

if(i7>=10)


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i81=i8/10;

i82=i8%10;

on=0;

buzz=0;

}

}}

if(m==0)//else

{

if (input==0x01)

{

lcddata1(" CONRESS=");

lcddata(i11+0x30);

lcddata(i12+0x30);

delay(100);

}

if (input==0x02)

{

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcddata1(" BJP=");


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}

if(input==0x10)

{

lcdcmd(0x10);

lcddata1(" TRS=");

lcddata(i51+0x30);

lcddata(i52+0x30);

delay(100);

}

if(input==0x20)

{

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcddata1(" PRP=");

lcddata(i61+0x30);

lcddata(i62+0x30);

delay(100);

}

if(input==0x40)

{


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lcdcmd(0x01);

lcddata1(" INDEPENDANT1=");

lcddata(i71+0x30);

lcddata(i72+0x30);

delay(100);

}

if(input==0x80)

{

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcddata1(" INDEPENDANT2=");

lcddata(i81+0x30);

lcddata(i82+0x30);

delay(100);

}

else{

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcddata1("press key ");

delay(100) ;

}}


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}}

void delay(int time)

{

int i,j;

for(i=0;i


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{

ldata=value[i];

rs=1;

rw=0;

en=1;

delay(1);

en=0;

}

}

void lcddata(char value)

{

ldata=value;

rs=1;

rw=0;

en=1;

delay(1);

en=0;

}


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6.2 PROTEUS FILE:

FIG 6.1 PROTEUS file


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CHAPTER:7

HARDWARE DESIGN

Fig 7.1 Hardware design of electronic voting machine


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CHAPTER:8

ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

ADVANTAGES:

1.It is economical

2. Less manpower required

3. Time conscious, as less time required for voting & counting

4. Avoids invalid voting

5. Saves transportation cost due to its compact size

6. Convenient on the part of voter

APPLICATIONS:

This could be used for voting purpose at any required place.


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CHAPTER:9

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

In this paper, we have described the specification and architecture of a ELECTRONIC VOTING

MACHINE .Various fault-tolerance and security issues are delegated to the platform itself,

therefore relieving the application designer from accommodating these features in the application

design itself. This approach allows for the easy development and deployment of applications.

For quite some time, voting equipment vendors have maintained that their systems are secure,

and that the closed-source nature makes them even more secure. Our glimpse into the code of

such a system reveals that there is little difference in the way code is developed for votingmachines relative to other commercial endeavors. In fact, we believe that an open process would

result in more careful development, as more scientists, software engineers, political activists, and

others who value their democracy would be paying attention to the quality of the software that is

used for their elections. (Of course, open source would not solve all of the problems with

electronic elections. It is still important to verify somehow that the binary program images

running in the machine correspond to the source code and that the compilers used on the source

code are non-malicious. However, open source is a good start.) Such open design processes have

proven successful in projects ranging from very focused efforts, such as specifying the Advanced

Encryption Standard (AES) [23], through very large and complex systems such as maintaining

the Linux operating System. Australia is currently using an open source voting

system10Alternatively, security models such as the voter-verified audit trail allow for electronic

voting systems that produce a paper trail that can be seen and verified by a voter. In such a

system, the correctness burden on the voting terminals code is significantly less as voters can

see and verify a physical object that describes their vote. Even if, for whatever reason, the

machines cannot name the winner of an election, then the paper ballots can be recounted, eithermechanically or manually, to gain progressively more accurate election results. Voter-verifiable

audit trails are required in some U.S. states, and major DRE vendors have made public

statements that they would support such features if their customers required it. The EVM project

an ambitious attempt to create an open-source voting system with a voter-verifiable audit trail


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a laudable goal The model where individual vendors write proprietary code to run our elections

appears to be unreliable, and if we do not change the process of designing our voting systems,

we will have no confidence that our election results will reflect the will of the electorate. We owe

it to ourselves and to our future to have robust, well-designed election systems to preserve the

bedrock of our democracy

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