EXPANDED NATIONAL NUTRITION SURVEY: 2019 RESULTS

Nutritional Status of Filipino Infants and Young Children(0-23 months)

Nutritional Status of Filipino Infants and Young Children

(0-23 months)

Outline of Presentation

I. Nutritional Status of Children 0-23 months

II. Micronutrient Status of Children 0-23 months

III. Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices

Nutrition within the first 1000 days period

SDG 2030

PPAN 2017-2022

F1K

Goal 2: To end all forms of malnutrition and hunger

Consists of nutrition-specific and sensitive interventions

15.516.6 16.6 16.7 17.0 17.2

15.013.9

20.922.2

20.2

24.223.2

25.7 25.5

21.9

8.8 9.010.6 10.4

11.410.2

7.4 7.0

2.4 2.7 3.65.3 5.9

4.2 3.3 2.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Perc

en

tag

e (

%)

Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-for-Height

Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among children < 2 years old (0-23 months): Philippines, 2003-2019

Prevalence of stunting among Filipino children (0-23 months) by age groups

11.515.5

36.6

10.914.4

30.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

0-5 months 6-11 months 12-23 months

Perc

en

tag

e (

%)

2018 2019

Prevalence of stunting among children < 2 years old (0-23 months): Philippines, 2019

21.924.5

19.322.4 21.1

29.426.7

19.8

15.2

11.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

All Boy Girl Rural Urban Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

Perc

en

tag

e

(%)

Place of

ResidenceWealth StatusSex

95% CI

LL 19.8 20.4 18.1 19.4 17.4 26.1 23.3 15.9 11.9 9.5

UL 24.1 29.1 20.5 25.8 25.3 32.9 30.4 24.5 19.2 13.7

8.7

13.2

18.8

7.3

11.1

18.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

0-5 months 6-11 months 12-23 months

Perc

en

tag

e (

%)

2018 2019

Prevalence of underweight among Filipino children (0-23 months) by age groups

Prevalence of wasting among Filipino children (0-23 months) by age groups

8.6 8.5

6.47.7 7.2

6.5

0

5

10

15

0-5 months 6-11 months 12-23 months

Perc

en

tag

e (

%)

2018 2019

Prevalence of overweight-for-height among Filipino children (0-23 months) by age groups

5.2

2.42.9

4.1

1.62.3

0

5

10

0-5 months 6-11 months 12-23 months

Perc

en

tag

e (

%)

2018 2019

in infants and young children < 2 years old

Prevalence of anemia among children <2 years oldby age groups

39.4

48.2

35.4

29.3

38.0

26.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Philipines 6 to 11 months 12 to 23 months

Pe

rce

nta

ge (

%)

2018 2019

95% CI

LL 34.9 24.5 40.0 27.0 29.721.0

UL 44.0 34.6 56.4 50.4 41.6 32.1

*

* Significant (p-value <0.05)

Prevalence of anemia among children <2 years oldPhilippines: ENNS 2019

29.3 29.4 29.2

33.9

23.0

34.337.9

29.0

23.9

9.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

All Boy Girl Rural Urban Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

Pe

rce

nta

ge

(%

)Place of

ResidenceWealth StatusSex

95% CI

LL 24.5 24.4 21.8 26.6 17.4 27.6 30.4 18.8 14.3 4.0

UL 34.6 35.0 37.9 42.1 29.6 41.7 45.9 42.0 37.2 19.8

Summaryo One in every 5 children under 2 is stunted. Stunting prevalence

remains high and doubles at one year of age, coinciding the transition

to complementary feeding period.

o Wasting prevalence (7%) among children under 2 remains above the

5% acceptable level.

o Overweight/obesity among children under 2 continues to decline

between 2013 and 2019.

o One in every 3 children under 2 suffers from anemia. Despite the

decline in the prevalence, anemia is a moderate public health concern

among under 2 years of age.

Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices

Breastfeeding Practices

Breastfeeding IndicatorsEarly initiation of breastfeeding within

one hour after birth

1

Exclusive breastfeeding from birth until six months

2

Continued breastfeeding up to twoyears or beyond

3

51.9

77.165.1 69.2 74.0

0

20

40

60

80

100

2011 2013 2015 2018 2019

Pe

rce

nta

ge

(%

)

**within 1 hour after delivery among children 0-23 months

1 Timely breastfeeding initiation ** in the Philippines

**significant (p-value<0.05)

Proportion of infants less than 6 months old exclusively breastfed at the time of survey2

29.7

35.9

48.9 52.348.8

54.957.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2003 2008 2011 2013 2015 2018 2019

Perc

en

tag

e (

%)

Year*

*significant (p-value<0.05)

Percentage distribution of exclusively breastfed infants under 6 months old by single age in months: Philippines, 2019

77.670.1

63.756.2

51.1

35.1

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1 2 3 4 5

Perc

en

tag

e (

%)

Age in Months

Philippines: 57.9%

Trend in the proportion of Filipino infants exclusively breastfed from birth until 5.9 months

24.729.0

35.1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2015 2018 2019

Perc

en

tag

e (

%)

Trends in the mean duration of ever-breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding among Filipino infants 0-23 months

3.74.1 4.2 4.0 4.4

7.78.2 8.3 8.0

8.3

0

2

4

6

8

10

2011 2013 2015 2018 2019Mean

Du

rati

on

in

Mo

nth

s

Year

Exclusive Breastfeeding

Ever-Breastfeeding

Continued breastfeeding at 1 year and at 2 years: Philippines, 2015-20193

53.2 50.6 54.1

0

20

40

60

80

100

2015 2018 2019

Pe

rce

nta

ge (

%)

1 year

32.7 33.1 34.2

0

20

40

60

80

100

2015 2018 2019

Pe

rce

nta

ge (

%)

2 years

Complementary Feeding Indicators

1. Age of introducing complementary foods at 6 months

2. Minimum dietary diversity (MDD); micronutrient adeq. (quality)

3. Minimum meal frequency (MMF); energy adequacy (quantity)

4. Minimum acceptable diet (MAD); combining indicators 2 and 3

Trends in the proportion of children who received timely complementary foods at 6-8 months: Philippines, 2015-2019

80.3

66.1

83.791.5

78.8

66.9

82.5 86.084.474.2

88.6 91.3

0

20

40

60

80

100

All (6-8 mos) 6 mos 7 mos 8 mos

Perc

en

tag

e (

%)

2015 2018 2019

*

*significant (p-value<0.05)

What complementary foods do young children 6-23 months old eating?

2.2

4.3

6.9

7.9

21.6

52.1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Fruits

Biscuit/bread

Rice

Mashed Vegetable

Lugao

Commercial Baby Food

Percent (%)

MINIMUM DIETARY DIVERSITY

Proportion of children 6-23 months of age

who receive foods from 4 or more food

groups (DDS > 4) of the following 7 food

groups:

Minimum Dietary

Diversity (MDD):

6. Vitamin A rich

fruits & vegetables

7. Other fruits & vegetables5. Eggs

1. Grains, roots and tubers

2. Dairy Products

3. Legumes and Nuts

4. Flesh Meat

Trends in the proportion of Filipino children 6-23 months meeting the Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD)

21.615.5

29.2

23.020.1

0

10

20

30

40

2011 2013 2015 2018 2019

Perc

en

t (%

)

Year *significant (p-value<0.05)

*

Trends in the proportion of children meeting the Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) by age group: Philippines, 2015-2019

11.6

32.8

44.3

7.1

24.2

36.9

6.3

20.2

33.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

6-11 12-17 18-23

Pe

rce

nta

ge (

%)

Age group (months)

2015 2018 2019

Minimum Meal Frequency

Proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed children

6-23 months who received complementary foods

at the minimum number of times per day.

Defined as:

2x for breastfed infants 6-8 months old

3x for breastfed children 9-23 months old

4x for non-breastfed children 6-23 months old

Minimum Meal

Frequency

(MMF):

Trends in the proportion of Filipino children 6-23 months meeting the Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF)

87.994.1 91.7 89.0 92.2

0

50

100

2011 2013 2015 2018 2019

Pe

rce

nt

(%)

*significant (p-value<0.05)

*

Minimum Acceptable Diet

Proportion of children 6-23 months

meeting both the minimum dietary diversity

and the minimum meal frequency to

ensure both dietary and nutrient adequacy.

Minimum

Acceptable

Diet (MAD):

Trends in the proportion Filipino children of 6-23 months meeting the Minimum Acceptable Diet

12.1

6.4

18.6

13.4

9.9

0

5

10

15

20

2011 2013 2015 2018 2019

Perc

en

t (%

)

Year*significant (p-value<0.05)

*

9.611.4

9.4

0

10

20

30

Poor Middle Rich

Perc

en

tag

e (

%)

Wealth Tertile

4.4

9.8

15.4

0

10

20

30

6-11 12-17 18-23

Perc

en

tag

e (

%)

Age in Months

Proportion of children 6-23 months meeting the Minimum Acceptable Diet: Philippines, 2019

Philippines: 9.9

By age group By wealth status

*significant (p-value<0.05)

*

Summary

Breastfeeding Although early breastfeeding initiation (74.0%) and

exclusive breastfeeding (57.9%) were common

feeding practices, the rate of breastfeeding

exclusively until 5.9 months was low at 35.9%,

recording an average of 4.4 months duration.

Summary

Complementary feeding

7 out 10 of children 6-23 months (74.2%) received

timely introduction of complementary feeding at 6

months.8 out 10 children 6-23 months (79.9%) were not

meeting the minimum dietary diversity.

9 out of 10 children 6-23 months (90.1%) did not

receive appropriate complementary feeding based on

minimum acceptable diet, suggesting poor quality and

quantity of complementary foods.

Low adherence to IYCF guidelines /recommendations: