experiencias de la biofortificación del camote en perú

INIA-CIP AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2010

Experiences in the Biofortification of Sweetpotato in Peru

International Potato Center


Introduction

Annual Sweetpotato Production (FAO 2009): about 132 Mio t

15 Mio t Africa2 Mio t South & Central America3 Mio t South & West Asia

112 Mio t East Asia & The PacificOrigin of sweetpotato Central America and Pacific coast of South America – today is grown in 117 countries Used for:

Food (roots / leaf) & Food Industry Animal Feed Starch Industry

=> cheapest sources of energy + qualityResearch & Development

Extreme large genetic diversity, but extremelyunder-researched and under-used

Genetically Sweetpotato is a highly heterozygous – it is a hybrid crop = a clone hybrid

ICAR-CIP AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2010

Sweetpotato Targeting - Groupings by Sweetpotato Priority Ratings, Livelihood and Number of People

Consumption in Peru

28 g per day per person

Around Lima about 50 g per day & person

Is this sufficient to get impact on health by sweetpotatoconsumption ??


Our Medium Term Plan (MTP) Priority:Sweetpotato populations and clones with superior agronomic, nutritional and end-use quality characteristics

1) Orange fleshed sweetpotato (camote para consumo) – populations and clones (OFSP) for healthy food consumption (dietary fiber, protein, vitamins and minerals) – including food processing

2) White fleshed sweetpotato (camote para industria) –populations and clones for industrial use – including bio-ethanol (interest from Brazil)

3) Purple fleshed sweetpotato (los camotes morados)new market in Japan and North America – juice, snacks, etc. – anti cancer compounds

(All dual purpose => leaves for animal feed


Priority: The OFSP potato=> yield, nutritional quality and use

Why: Extreme Vit. A, Fe & Zn deficiency in the staple food supply – reason high intakes of white staples

125,000,000 children Vitamin A deficiency (VAD)

33 to 66% of the world population Fe & Zn deficiency

A child 0 - 8 years RDI needs 4.8 mg pro-vitamin A per dayA child 0 - 8 years RDI needs 10 mg Fe & 4. 5 mg Zn per day

RDI = Recommended Daily Intake


OFSP storage roots have 7.5 to 15 mg / 100g β-carotene on fresh matter basis

!!! 30 to 70g camote - A pieceper day can provide the need per day !!!

When you have rice don’t forget the sweetpotato

(un dicho en China)

Biofortification Step 1 (Germplasm)A) TargetA child 0 - 8 years RDI needs 4.8 mg pro-vitamin A per dayA child 0 - 8 years RDI needs 10 mg Fe & 4. 5 mg Zn per day

B) Literature 12 mg pro-vitamin A / 100g fresh

C) Evaluation of Sweetpotato Germplasm0 mg – 15 mg pro-vitamin A / 100g fresh storage rootsOFSP medium Fe & Zn concentrations0.3 mg – 1.0 mg Fe and 0.15 – 0.6 mg Zn / 100g fresh roots (Leaves have 5 times more Fe and Zn than roots)

=> however, only 150 OFSP germplasm clones available in world germplasm collections

CIP Sweetpotato Germplasma Quality WG – 2010

Mean

Min

Max

Yield (t ha -1) 16.2 0.3 54.0

Upper Biomass (t ha -1) 22.0 0.5 65.5

Dry matter (%) 35.0 15.9 48.5

Starch (% FM†) 20.0 4.9 33.3

Sucrose (% FM†) 2.8 0 7.4

Total sugar (% FM†) 4.7 0.6 10.1

b-carotene (ppm FM†) 10.8 0 154‡

Calcium (ppm FM†) 429 76 1110

Iron (ppm FM†) 5.6 2.7 10.0‡‡

Zinc (ppm FM†) 3.4 1.2 6.3‡‡‡

Description of sweetpotato for yield and quality on the basis of1148 CIP genebank clones evaluated at 3 environments

† fresh matter basis, ‡ up to 250 ppm, ‡‡ up to 15 pmm and ‡‡‡up to 9 ppm occasionally observed in clones from breeding population after 2 cycles of recurrent selection

Biofortification Step 2 (Important Varieties)

Base Lines in successful varieties


ppm DM YLD (t / ha)

DM (%) β-carot. Fe Zn

Jewel 23.9 27.7 296 23.7 13.1 Resisto 26.8 27.3 533 29.9 18.4 Jonathan 14.7 29.2 158 28.2 16.2 Santo Amaro 16.3 31.7 0 23.3 13.7 Xushu18 30.5 31.2 0 25.2 14.1 Tanzania 11.6 33.5 0 22.5 13.5

Jonathan 100g fresh roots: β-carotene: 4.6 mg, iron: 0.82 mg, zinc: 0.47 mgChild 1 – 3 years needs: β-carotene: 4.8 mg, iron: 5 mg, zinc: 4 mg

Note on poor on-farm conditions you have about 30% less β-carotene, iron, and zinc

Conclusion: Sweetpotato – OFSP - has value to invest for biofortification. Investments are:

A) Breeding and B) Activities to reach end-users / consumers

CIP Sweetpotato Breeding Methods & Techniques WG – 2010

Step 3 Objectives & Population Development

Objectives: Yield, Resistance, dry matter, vitamin A, Fe & Zn

The key is: Rapid Population Development (with farmers)

I. !! Many parents !! – go for best family makes

II. NIRS - Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

III. !! Fast - Accelerated breeding scheme !! i.e. sweetpotatoone 1 cycle per population in 2 years and 2 populations

[IV. In the future exploiting heterosis in sweetpotato breeding

=> Hybrid breeding schemes]

CIP Plant Quality CIP 2010

NIRS (Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy)

CIP is conducts the NIRS calibration development for Harvest Plus across all HP crops

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Total carotenoids B-carotenoid

Sweetpotato dried roots:Protein, starch, sucrose, fructose, glucose, total carotenoids, b-carotene, Fe, Zn, Mg, Ca, Mg

Sweetpotato fresh roots:Protein, starch, sucrose, fructose, glucose, total carotenoids, b-carotene, Fe, Zn, Mg, Ca, Mg

CIP-NIRS Research WG – 2010

Harvest Plus NIRS Research at CIP

Cassava dried roots:Protein, total carotenoids, b-carotene & Fe

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.61.8

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Beans Zn

Maize b-carotne

Cassava Fe

Beans milled:Protein, Fe & ZnBeans undestroyed:Protein, Fe & ZnMaize milled:Total carotenoids, b-carotene, luteine, zeaxanthine, Fe & ZnRice milled:Fe, ZnRice undestroyed:Fe, Zn Wheat:Fe & ZnMillet: unknown

AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009

OFSP Population Development – 2005 to 20092 Populations 2 Recurrent Cycles & 1 Hybrid population

Populations: Jewel (PJ) 2 x 5000 genotypes = 2 x 15,000 plots ZapalloSPK (PZ) 2 x 5000 genotypes = 2 x 15,000 plotsHybrid (PH) 1 x 6000 genotypes = 24,000 plots

PJ1 (2005) PJ2 (2007) PJ3

PH1(2009)

PZ1 (2006) PZ2 (2008) PZ3

PJ II 100g fresh storage root mean: β-carotene: 10.2 mg, iron: 0.64 mg, zinc: 0.38 mgPZ II 100g fresh storage root mean: β-carotene: 7.9 mg, iron: 0.56 mg, zinc: 0.34 mgChild 1 – 3 years needs per day: β-carotene: 4.8 mg, iron: 5 mg, zinc: 4 mg

Phase I clones Phase II clones

Link Population Development with Variety Development at NARS (INIA) = test 250 good genotypes in 2 steps at many locations


This was very successful with INIA in case of sweetpotato

Link Population Development with Variety Development at NARS (INIA) = test 250 good genotypes in 2 steps at many locations


ppm DM YLD (t / ha)

DM (%)

Starch(% DM)

Suc (% DM) β-carot. Fe Zn Ca Mg

INIA (check)

17.4 26.4 43.7 16.8 532 18.4 10.3 2672 944

PJ05.212 23.9 26.9 43.1 23.0 356 20.7 12.7 2566 1160 PZ06.22 27.7 25.5 45.4 14.9 420 17.4 10.4 2541 934 PZ06.33 35.8 31.4 55.0 14.2 147 17.3 10.3 2212 1002 PZ06.77 36.5 19.8 25.9 31.5 740 23.4 15.2 3687 1300 PZ06.85 30.8 23.9 39.8 27.4 525 20.2 13.0 2730 1036

Note:All clones are from recurrent selection cycle 1 population Jewel or Zapallo

% RDI (consumption 50g) for clone PZ06.77Pro-vitamin A: %RDI = 154%

Fe: %RDI = 5% (or 10%)(with a consumption of 200g %RDI = 20% (or 40%)

CIP - IIAM – INIA Sweetpotato WG 2010

Product Development INIA

=> An intermediate product

CIP Field days in suburbs Lima 2006 – 2009 => 2012 linked with the”Comedores Populares”, the “Municipalidad de Carabayllo”

Image of sweetpotato “No solo para …”


Thank-you for your Attention

CIP Sweetpotato CIP 2010

experiencias de la biofortificación del camote en perú

Documents

sweetpotato populations

sweetpotato priority

g camote

g carotene

clones ofsp

g fresh roots leaves

peru28 g

years rdi