exposing the dressed quark’s masschallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on...

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First Contents Back Conclusion DCSB & Confinement 0.5 1. 1.5 2. p 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Mp Dressedquark Mass Function Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass Craig D. Roberts [email protected] Physics Division & School of Physics Argonne National Laboratory Peking University http://www.phy.anl.gov/theory/staff/cdr.html Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 ... 27 – p. 1/28

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Page 1: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

DCSB & Confinementt

0.5 1. 1.5 2.p

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5MHpL

Dressed-quark Mass Function

Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass

Craig D. [email protected]

Physics Division & School of Physics

Argonne National Laboratory Peking University

http://www.phy.anl.gov/theory/staff/cdr.htmlCraig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 1/28

Page 2: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Universal Truths

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 2/28

Page 3: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Universal Truths

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 2/28

Page 4: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Universal TruthsSpectrum of excited states, and elastic and transition form

factors provide unique information about long-range

interaction between light-quarks and distribution of hadron’s

characterising properties amongst its QCD constituents.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 2/28

Page 5: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Universal TruthsSpectrum of excited states, and elastic and transition form

factors provide unique information about long-range

interaction between light-quarks and distribution of hadron’s

characterising properties amongst its QCD constituents.

Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking (DCSB) is most

important mass generating mechanism for visible matter in the

Universe.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 2/28

Page 6: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Universal TruthsSpectrum of excited states, and elastic and transition form

factors provide unique information about long-range

interaction between light-quarks and distribution of hadron’s

characterising properties amongst its QCD constituents.

Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking (DCSB) is most

important mass generating mechanism for visible matter in the

Universe. Higgs mechanism is irrelevant to light-quarks.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 2/28

Page 7: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Universal TruthsSpectrum of excited states, and elastic and transition form

factors provide unique information about long-range

interaction between light-quarks and distribution of hadron’s

characterising properties amongst its QCD constituents.

Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking (DCSB) is most

important mass generating mechanism for visible matter in the

Universe. Higgs mechanism is irrelevant to light-quarks.

Running of quark mass entails that calculations at even

modest Q2 require a Poincaré-covariant approach.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 2/28

Page 8: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Universal TruthsSpectrum of excited states, and elastic and transition form

factors provide unique information about long-range

interaction between light-quarks and distribution of hadron’s

characterising properties amongst its QCD constituents.

Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking (DCSB) is most

important mass generating mechanism for visible matter in the

Universe. Higgs mechanism is irrelevant to light-quarks.

Running of quark mass entails that calculations at even

modest Q2 require a Poincaré-covariant approach. Covariance

requires existence of quark orbital angular momentum in

hadron’s rest-frame wave function.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 2/28

Page 9: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Universal TruthsSpectrum of excited states, and elastic and transition form

factors provide unique information about long-range

interaction between light-quarks and distribution of hadron’s

characterising properties amongst its QCD constituents.

Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking (DCSB) is most

important mass generating mechanism for visible matter in the

Universe. Higgs mechanism is irrelevant to light-quarks.

Challenge: understand relationship between parton properties

on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 2/28

Page 10: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Universal TruthsSpectrum of excited states, and elastic and transition form

factors provide unique information about long-range

interaction between light-quarks and distribution of hadron’s

characterising properties amongst its QCD constituents.

Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking (DCSB) is most

important mass generating mechanism for visible matter in the

Universe. Higgs mechanism is irrelevant to light-quarks.

Challenge: understand relationship between parton properties

on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Problem,

e.g., DCSB - an established keystone of low-energy QCD and

the origin of constituent-quark masses - has not yet been

realised in the light-front formulation.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 2/28

Page 11: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Universal TruthsSpectrum of excited states, and elastic and transition form

factors provide unique information about long-range

interaction between light-quarks and distribution of hadron’s

characterising properties amongst its QCD constituents.

Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking (DCSB) is most

important mass generating mechanism for visible matter in the

Universe. Higgs mechanism is irrelevant to light-quarks.

Challenge: understand relationship between parton properties

on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Problem,

e.g., DCSB - an established keystone of low-energy QCD and

the origin of constituent-quark masses - has not yet been

realised in the light-front formulation. Resolution – coherent

contribution from countable infinity of higher Fock-state

components. (Brodsky, Roberts, Shrock, Tandy – in progress.)Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 2/28

Page 12: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

QCD’s Challenges

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 3/28

Page 13: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

QCD’s Challenges

Quark and Gluon Confinement

No matter how hard one strikes the proton, one

cannot liberate an individual quark or gluon

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 3/28

Page 14: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

QCD’s Challenges

Quark and Gluon Confinement

No matter how hard one strikes the proton, one

cannot liberate an individual quark or gluon

Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking

Very unnatural pattern of bound state masses

e.g., Lagrangian (pQCD) quark mass is small but . . .

no degeneracy between JP=+ and JP=−

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 3/28

Page 15: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

QCD’s Challenges

Quark and Gluon Confinement

No matter how hard one strikes the proton, one

cannot liberate an individual quark or gluon

Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking

Very unnatural pattern of bound state masses

e.g., Lagrangian (pQCD) quark mass is small but . . .

no degeneracy between JP=+ and JP=−

Neither of these phenomena is apparent in QCD’s

Lagrangian yet they are the dominant determining

characteristics of real-world QCD.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 3/28

Page 16: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

QCD’s ChallengesUnderstand Emergent Phenomena

Quark and Gluon Confinement

No matter how hard one strikes the proton, one

cannot liberate an individual quark or gluon

Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking

Very unnatural pattern of bound state masses

e.g., Lagrangian (pQCD) quark mass is small but . . .

no degeneracy between JP=+ and JP=−

Neither of these phenomena is apparent in QCD’s

Lagrangian yet they are the dominant determining

characteristics of real-world QCD.

QCD – Complex behaviour

arises from apparently simple rulesCraig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 3/28

Page 17: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Charting the Interactionbetween light-quarks

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 4/28

Page 18: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Charting the Interactionbetween light-quarks

Confinement can be related to the analytic properties of

QCD’s Schwinger functions

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 4/28

Page 19: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Charting the Interactionbetween light-quarks

Confinement can be related to the analytic properties of

QCD’s Schwinger functions

Question of light-quark confinement can be translated into

the challenge of charting the infrared behavior of QCD’s

universal β-function

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 4/28

Page 20: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Charting the Interactionbetween light-quarks

Confinement can be related to the analytic properties of

QCD’s Schwinger functions

Question of light-quark confinement can be translated into

the challenge of charting the infrared behavior of QCD’s

universal β-function

This function may depend on the scheme chosen to

renormalise the quantum field theory but it is unique

within a given scheme.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 4/28

Page 21: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Charting the Interactionbetween light-quarks

Confinement can be related to the analytic properties of

QCD’s Schwinger functions

Question of light-quark confinement can be translated into

the challenge of charting the infrared behavior of QCD’s

universal β-function

This function may depend on the scheme chosen to

renormalise the quantum field theory but it is unique

within a given scheme.

Of course, the behaviour of the β-function on the

perturbative domain is well known.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 4/28

Page 22: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Charting the Interactionbetween light-quarks

Confinement can be related to the analytic properties of

QCD’s Schwinger functions

Question of light-quark confinement can be translated into

the challenge of charting the infrared behavior of QCD’s

universal β-function

This function may depend on the scheme chosen to

renormalise the quantum field theory but it is unique

within a given scheme.

Of course, the behaviour of the β-function on the

perturbative domain is well known.

This is a well-posed problem whose solution is an elemental

goal of modern hadron physics.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 4/28

Page 23: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

What is the light-quarkLong-Range Potential?

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 5/28

Page 24: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

What is the light-quarkLong-Range Potential?

Potential between static (infinitely heavy) quarksmeasured in simulations of lattice-QCD is not relatedin any known way to the light-quark interaction.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 5/28

Page 25: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Charting the Interactionbetween light-quarks

Through QCD’s Dyson-Schwinger equations (DSEs) the

pointwise behaviour of the β-function determines pattern of

chiral symmetry breaking

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 6/28

Page 26: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Charting the Interactionbetween light-quarks

Through QCD’s Dyson-Schwinger equations (DSEs) the

pointwise behaviour of the β-function determines pattern of

chiral symmetry breaking

DSEs connect β-function to experimental observables.

Hence, comparison between computations and

observations of, e.g.,

hadron mass spectrum;

elastic and transition form factors

can be used to chart β-function’s long-range behaviour

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 6/28

Page 27: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Charting the Interactionbetween light-quarks

Through QCD’s Dyson-Schwinger equations (DSEs) the

pointwise behaviour of the β-function determines pattern of

chiral symmetry breaking

DSEs connect β-function to experimental observables.

Hence, comparison between computations and

observations of, e.g.,

hadron mass spectrum;

elastic and transition form factors

can be used to chart β-function’s long-range behaviour

E.g.: Extant studies of mesons show that the properties of

hadron excited states are a great deal more sensitive to the

long-range behaviour of β-function than those of the ground

stateCraig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 6/28

Page 28: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Charting the Interactionbetween light-quarks

Through DSEs the pointwise behaviour of the β-function

determines pattern of chiral symmetry breaking

DSEs connect β-function to experimental observables.

Hence, comparison between computations and

observations can be used to chart β-function’s long-range

behaviour

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 7/28

Page 29: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Charting the Interactionbetween light-quarks

Through DSEs the pointwise behaviour of the β-function

determines pattern of chiral symmetry breaking

DSEs connect β-function to experimental observables.

Hence, comparison between computations and

observations can be used to chart β-function’s long-range

behaviour

To realise this goal, a nonperturbative symmetry-preserving

DSE truncation is necessary

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 7/28

Page 30: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Charting the Interactionbetween light-quarks

Through DSEs the pointwise behaviour of the β-function

determines pattern of chiral symmetry breaking

DSEs connect β-function to experimental observables.

Hence, comparison between computations and

observations can be used to chart β-function’s long-range

behaviour

To realise this goal, a nonperturbative symmetry-preserving

DSE truncation is necessary

Steady quantitative progress is being made with a

scheme that is systematically improvable

(See nucl-th/9602012 and references thereto)

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 7/28

Page 31: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Charting the Interactionbetween light-quarks

Through DSEs the pointwise behaviour of the β-function

determines pattern of chiral symmetry breaking

DSEs connect β-function to experimental observables.

Hence, comparison between computations and

observations can be used to chart β-function’s long-range

behaviour

To realise this goal, a nonperturbative symmetry-preserving

DSE truncation is necessary

On other hand, at present significant qualitative

advances possible with symmetry-preserving kernel

Ansätze that express important additional

nonperturbative effects – M(p2) – difficult/impossible to

capture in any finite sum of contributionsCraig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 7/28

Page 32: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Gap EquationGeneral Form

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 8/28

Page 33: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Gap EquationGeneral Form

Σ=

D

γΓS

Sf (p)−1 = Z2 (iγ · p + mbmf ) + Σf (p) ,

Σf (p) = Z1

∫ Λ

qg2Dµν(p − q)

λa

2γµSf (q)

λa

2Γf

ν (q, p),

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 8/28

Page 34: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Gap EquationGeneral Form

Σ=

D

γΓS

Sf (p)−1 = Z2 (iγ · p + mbmf ) + Σf (p) ,

Σf (p) = Z1

∫ Λ

qg2Dµν(p − q)

λa

2γµSf (q)

λa

2Γf

ν (q, p),

Z1,2(ζ2,Λ2) are respectively the vertex and quark wave

function renormalisation constants, with ζ the

renormalisation point

mbm(Λ) is the Lagrangian current-quark bare mass

Dµν(k) is the dressed-gluon propagator

Γfν (q, p) is the dressed-quark-gluon vertex

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 8/28

Page 35: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Gap EquationGeneral Form

Σ=

D

γΓS

Sf (p)−1 = Z2 (iγ · p + mbmf ) + Σf (p) ,

Σf (p) = Z1

∫ Λ

qg2Dµν(p − q)

λa

2γµSf (q)

λa

2Γf

ν (q, p),

Z1,2(ζ2,Λ2) are respectively the vertex and quark wave

function renormalisation constants, with ζ the

renormalisation point

mbm(Λ) is the Lagrangian current-quark bare mass

Dµν(k) is the dressed-gluon propagator

Γfν (q, p) is the dressed-quark-gluon vertex

Suppose one has in-hand the exact form of Γfν (q, p)

What is the associatedSymmetry-preserving Bethe-Salpeter Kernel?

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 8/28

Page 36: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Bound-state DSE

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 9/28

Page 37: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Bound-state DSEBethe-Salpeter Equation

Standard form, familiar from textbooks

[

Γjπ(k; P )

]

tu=

Λ

q

[S(q + P/2)Γjπ(q; P )S(q − P/2)]sr Krs

tu (q, k; P )

K(q, k; P ): Fully-amputated, 2-particle-irreducible,quark-antiquark scattering kernel

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 9/28

Page 38: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Bound-state DSEBethe-Salpeter Equation

Standard form, familiar from textbooks

[

Γjπ(k; P )

]

tu=

Λ

q

[S(q + P/2)Γjπ(q; P )S(q − P/2)]sr Krs

tu (q, k; P )

K(q, k; P ): Fully-amputated, 2-particle-irreducible,quark-antiquark scattering kernel

Compact. Visually appealing. Correct.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 9/28

Page 39: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Bound-state DSEBethe-Salpeter Equation

Standard form, familiar from textbooks

[

Γjπ(k; P )

]

tu=

Λ

q

[S(q + P/2)Γjπ(q; P )S(q − P/2)]sr Krs

tu (q, k; P )

K(q, k; P ): Fully-amputated, 2-particle-irreducible,quark-antiquark scattering kernel

Compact. Visually appealing. Correct.

Blocked progress for more than 60 years.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 9/28

Page 40: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Bethe-Salpeter EquationGeneral FormL. Chang and C. D. Roberts

0903.5461 [nucl-th], Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 081601

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 10/28

Page 41: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Bethe-Salpeter EquationGeneral FormL. Chang and C. D. Roberts

0903.5461 [nucl-th], Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 081601

Equivalent exact form:

Γfg5µ(k;P ) = Z2γ5γµ

qg2Dαβ(k − q)

λa

2γαSf (q+)Γfg

5µ(q;P )Sg(q−)λa

2Γg

β(q−, k−)

+

qg2Dαβ(k − q)

λa

2γαSf (q+)

λa

2Λfg

5µβ(k, q;P ),

(Poincaré covariance, hence q± = q ± P/2, etc., without loss of generality.)

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 10/28

Page 42: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Bethe-Salpeter EquationGeneral FormL. Chang and C. D. Roberts

0903.5461 [nucl-th], Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 081601

Equivalent exact form:

Γfg5µ(k;P ) = Z2γ5γµ

qg2Dαβ(k − q)

λa

2γαSf (q+)Γfg

5µ(q;P )Sg(q−)λa

2Γg

β(q−, k−)

+

qg2Dαβ(k − q)

λa

2γαSf (q+)

λa

2Λfg

5µβ(k, q;P ),

(Poincaré covariance, hence q± = q ± P/2, etc., without loss of generality.)

In this form . . . Λfg5µβ

is completely defined via the dressed-quark self-energy

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 10/28

Page 43: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Bethe-Salpeter KernelL. Chang and C. D. Roberts

0903.5461 [nucl-th], Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 081601

Bethe-Salpeter equation introduced in 1951

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 11/28

Page 44: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Bethe-Salpeter Kernel60 year problemL. Chang and C. D. Roberts

0903.5461 [nucl-th], Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 081601

Bethe-Salpeter equation introduced in 1951

Newly-derived Ward-Takahashi identity

PµΛfg5µβ(k, q;P ) = Γf

β(q+, k+) iγ5 + iγ5 Γgβ(q−, k−)

− i[mf (ζ) + mg(ζ)]Λfg5β(k, q;P ),

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 11/28

Page 45: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Bethe-Salpeter Kernel60 year problemL. Chang and C. D. Roberts

0903.5461 [nucl-th], Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 081601

Bethe-Salpeter equation introduced in 1951

Newly-derived Ward-Takahashi identity

PµΛfg5µβ(k, q;P ) = Γf

β(q+, k+) iγ5 + iγ5 Γgβ(q−, k−)

− i[mf (ζ) + mg(ζ)]Λfg5β(k, q;P ),

For first time: can construct Ansatz for Bethe-Salpeter

kernel consistent with any reasonable quark-gluon vertex

Consistent means - all symmetries preserved!Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 11/28

Page 46: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Bethe-Salpeter Kernel60 year problemL. Chang and C. D. Roberts

0903.5461 [nucl-th], Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 081601

Bethe-Salpeter equation introduced in 1951

Newly-derived Ward-Takahashi identity

PµΛfg5µβ(k, q;P ) = Γf

β(q+, k+) iγ5 + iγ5 Γgβ(q−, k−)

− i[mf (ζ) + mg(ζ)]Λfg5β(k, q;P ),

For first time: can construct Ansatz for Bethe-Salpeter

kernel consistent with any reasonable quark-gluon vertex

Procedure & results to expect . . .see arXiv:1003.5006 [nucl-th]

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 11/28

Page 47: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Mass Splittinga1 – ρ

exp.

mass a1 1230

mass ρ 775

mass-

splitting 455

Splitting known experimentally for more than 35 years.

Hitherto, no explanation.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 12/28

Page 48: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Mass Splittinga1 – ρ

exp. rainbow- one-loop

ladder

mass a1 1230 759 885

mass ρ 775 644 764

mass-

splitting 455 115 121

Systematic, symmetry-preserving, Poincaré-covariant DSE

truncation scheme of nucl-th/9602012.

Never better than ∼ 14

of splitting.

Constructing kernel skeleton-diagram-by-diagram, DCSB

cannot be faithfully expressed: M(p2) is absent!

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 12/28

Page 49: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Mass Splittinga1 – ρ

exp. rainbow- one-loop Ball-Chiu

ladder consistent

mass a1 1230 759 885 1066

mass ρ 775 644 764 924

mass-

splitting 455 115 121 142

New nonperturbative, symmetry-preserving

Poincaré-covariant Bethe-Salpeter equation formulation of

arXiv:0903.5461 [nucl-th]

Ball-Chiu Ansatz for quark-gluon vertex

ΓBCµ (k, p) = . . . + (k + p)µ

B(k)−B(p)k2−p2

Some effects of DCSB built into vertex

Explains π – σ splitting but not this problemCraig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 12/28

Page 50: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Mass Splittinga1 – ρChang & Roberts arXiv:1003.5006 [nucl-th]

exp. rainbow- one-loop Ball-Chiu Ball-Chiu plus

ladder consistent anom. cm mom.

mass a1 1230 759 885 1066 1230

mass ρ 775 644 764 924 745

mass-

splitting 455 115 121 142 485

New nonperturbative, symmetry-preserving

Poincaré-covariant Bethe-Salpeter equation formulation of

arXiv:0903.5461 [nucl-th]

Ball-Chiu augmented by quark anomalous chromomagnetic

moment term: Γµ(k, p) = ΓBCµ + σµν(k − p)ν

B(k)−B(p)k2−p2

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 12/28

Page 51: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Mass Splittinga1 – ρChang & Roberts arXiv:1003.5006 [nucl-th]

exp. rainbow- one-loop Ball-Chiu Ball-Chiu plus

ladder consistent anom. cm mom.

mass a1 1230 759 885 1066 1230

mass ρ 775 644 764 924 745

mass-

splitting 455 115 121 142 485

New nonperturbative, symmetry-preserving

Poincaré-covariant Bethe-Salpeter equation formulation of

arXiv:0903.5461 [nucl-th]

DCSB is the answer. Subtle interplay between competing

effects, which can only now be explicated

Promise of first reliable prediction of light-quark meson

spectrum, including the so-called hybrid and exotic states.Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 12/28

Page 52: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Frontiers of Nuclear Science:A Long Range Plan (2007)

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 13/28

Page 53: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Frontiers of Nuclear Science:Theoretical Advances

Σ=

D

γΓS

Gap Equation

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 13/28

Page 54: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Frontiers of Nuclear Science:Theoretical Advances

Σ=

D

γΓS

Gap Equation

S(p) =Z(p2)

iγ · p + M(p2)

0 1 2 3

p [GeV]

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

M(p

) [G

eV] m = 0 (Chiral limit)

m = 30 MeVm = 70 MeV

effect of gluon cloudRapid acquisition of mass is

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 13/28

Page 55: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Frontiers of Nuclear Science:Theoretical Advances

S(p) =Z(p2)

iγ · p + M(p2)

0 1 2 3

p [GeV]

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

M(p

) [G

eV]

m=0 (Chiral limit)30 MeV70 MeV

Lattice QCD confirms DSE prediction of DCSB

Mass from nothing.

In QCD a quark’s effective massdepends on its momentum. Thefunction describing this can becalculated and is depicted here.Numerical simulations of latticeQCD (data, at two different baremasses) have confirmed modelpredictions (solid curves) that thevast bulk of the constituent massof a light quark comes from acloud of gluons that are draggedalong by the quark as itpropagates. In this way, a quarkthat appears to be absolutelymassless at high energies(m = 0, red curve) acquires alarge constituent mass at lowenergies.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 13/28

Page 56: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Frontiers of Nuclear Science:Theoretical Advances

S(p) =Z(p2)

iγ · p + M(p2)

0 1 2 3

p [GeV]

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

M(p

) [G

eV]

m=0 (Chiral limit)30 MeV70 MeV

for DSE-predictedHint of support in Lattice-QCD results

confinement signal

Mass from nothing.

In QCD a quark’s effective massdepends on its momentum. Thefunction describing this can becalculated and is depicted here.Numerical simulations of latticeQCD (data, at two different baremasses) have confirmed modelpredictions (solid curves) that thevast bulk of the constituent massof a light quark comes from acloud of gluons that are draggedalong by the quark as itpropagates. In this way, a quarkthat appears to be absolutelymassless at high energies(m = 0, red curve) acquires alarge constituent mass at lowenergies.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 13/28

Page 57: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Frontiers of Nuclear Science:Theoretical Advances

S(p) =Z(p2)

iγ · p + M(p2)

0 1 2 3

p [GeV]

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

M(p

) [G

eV]

m=0 (Chiral limit)30 MeV70 MeV

for DSE-predictedHint of support in Lattice-QCD results

confinement signal

Mass from nothing.

In QCD a quark’s effective massdepends on its momentum. Thefunction describing this can becalculated and is depicted here.Numerical simulations of latticeQCD (data, at two different baremasses) have confirmed modelpredictions (solid curves) that thevast bulk of the constituent massof a light quark comes from acloud of gluons that are draggedalong by the quark as itpropagates. In this way, a quarkthat appears to be absolutelymassless at high energies(m = 0, red curve) acquires alarge constituent mass at lowenergies.

↑ ↑

Scanned by Q2 ∈ [2,9] GeV2 Baryon Elastic and Transition Form FactorsCraig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 13/28

Page 58: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Goldberger-Treiman for pionMaris, Roberts, Tandynucl-th/9707003

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 14/28

Page 59: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Goldberger-Treiman for pionMaris, Roberts, Tandynucl-th/9707003

• Pseudoscalar Bethe-Salpeter amplitude

Γπj (k;P ) = τπj

γ5

[

iEπ(k;P ) + γ · PF π(k;P )

+ γ · k k · P Gπ(k;P ) + σµν kµPν Hπ(k;P )]

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 14/28

Page 60: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Goldberger-Treiman for pionMaris, Roberts, Tandynucl-th/9707003

• Pseudoscalar Bethe-Salpeter amplitude

Γπj (k;P ) = τπj

γ5

[

iEπ(k;P ) + γ · PF π(k;P )

+ γ · k k · P Gπ(k;P ) + σµν kµPν Hπ(k;P )]

• Dressed-quark Propagator: S(p) =1

iγ · pA(p2) + B(p2)

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 14/28

Page 61: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Goldberger-Treiman for pionMaris, Roberts, Tandynucl-th/9707003

• Pseudoscalar Bethe-Salpeter amplitude

Γπj (k;P ) = τπj

γ5

[

iEπ(k;P ) + γ · PF π(k;P )

+ γ · k k · P Gπ(k;P ) + σµν kµPν Hπ(k;P )]

• Dressed-quark Propagator: S(p) =1

iγ · pA(p2) + B(p2)• Axial-vector Ward-Takahashi identity

⇒ fπEπ(k;P = 0) = B(p2)

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 14/28

Page 62: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Goldberger-Treiman for pionMaris, Roberts, Tandynucl-th/9707003

• Pseudoscalar Bethe-Salpeter amplitude

Γπj (k;P ) = τπj

γ5

[

iEπ(k;P ) + γ · PF π(k;P )

+ γ · k k · P Gπ(k;P ) + σµν kµPν Hπ(k;P )]

• Dressed-quark Propagator: S(p) =1

iγ · pA(p2) + B(p2)• Axial-vector Ward-Takahashi identity

⇒ fπEπ(k;P = 0) = B(p2)

FR(k; 0) + 2 fπFπ(k; 0) = A(k2)

GR(k; 0) + 2 fπGπ(k; 0) = 2A′(k2)

HR(k; 0) + 2 fπHπ(k; 0) = 0

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 14/28

Page 63: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Goldberger-Treiman for pionMaris, Roberts, Tandynucl-th/9707003

Pseudovectorcomponentsnecessarilynonzero

• Pseudoscalar Bethe-Salpeter amplitude

Γπj (k;P ) = τπj

γ5

[

iEπ(k;P ) + γ · PF π(k;P )

+ γ · k k · P Gπ(k;P ) + σµν kµPν Hπ(k;P )]

• Dressed-quark Propagator: S(p) =1

iγ · pA(p2) + B(p2)• Axial-vector Ward-Takahashi identity

⇒ fπEπ(k;P = 0) = B(p2)

FR(k; 0) + 2 fπFπ(k; 0) = A(k2)

GR(k; 0) + 2 fπGπ(k; 0) = 2A′(k2)

HR(k; 0) + 2 fπHπ(k; 0) = 0

Exact in

Chiral QCD

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 14/28

Page 64: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– QCD and F em

π (Q2)Maris, Robertsnucl-th/9804062

What does this mean for observables?

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 15/28

Page 65: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– QCD and F em

π (Q2)Maris, Robertsnucl-th/9804062

What does this mean for observables?

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0q

2 (GeV

2)

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

q2 Fπ(

q2 ) (G

eV2 )

Only Eπ −> 1/Q4

Including Fπ −> 1/Q2

0.19

0.12

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 15/28

Page 66: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– QCD and F em

π (Q2)Maris, Robertsnucl-th/9804062

What does this mean for observables?

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0q

2 (GeV

2)

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

q2 Fπ(

q2 ) (G

eV2 )

Only Eπ −> 1/Q4

Including Fπ −> 1/Q2

0.19

0.12

(

Q

2

)2

= 2GeV2

⇒ Q2 = 8GeV2

Pseudovector components dominate ultraviolet behaviour of

electromagnetic form factorCraig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 15/28

Page 67: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– Contact Interaction

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 16/28

Page 68: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– Contact Interaction

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

Bethe-Salpeter amplitude can’t depend on relative

momentum

⇒ General Form Γπ(P ) = iγ5Eπ(P ) +1

MQ

γ · PFπ(P )

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 16/28

Page 69: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– Contact Interaction

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

Bethe-Salpeter amplitude can’t depend on relative

momentum

⇒ General Form Γπ(P ) = iγ5Eπ(P ) +1

MQ

γ · PFπ(P )

Solve chiral-limit gap and Bethe-Salpeter equations

P 2 = 0 : MQ = 0.40 , Eπ = 0.98 ,Fπ

MQ

= 0.50

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 16/28

Page 70: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– Contact Interaction

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

Bethe-Salpeter amplitude can’t depend on relative

momentum

⇒ General Form Γπ(P ) = iγ5Eπ(P ) +1

MQ

γ · PFπ(P )

Solve chiral-limit gap and Bethe-Salpeter equations

P 2 = 0 : MQ = 0.40 , Eπ = 0.98 ,Fπ

MQ

= 0.50

Origin of pseudovector component: Eπ drives Fπ

RHS Bethe-Salpeter equation:

γµS(k + P/2)iγ5EπS(k − P/2)γµ

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 16/28

Page 71: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– Contact Interaction

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

Bethe-Salpeter amplitude can’t depend on relative

momentum

⇒ General Form Γπ(P ) = iγ5Eπ(P ) +1

MQ

γ · PFπ(P )

Solve chiral-limit gap and Bethe-Salpeter equations

P 2 = 0 : MQ = 0.40 , Eπ = 0.98 ,Fπ

MQ

= 0.50

Origin of pseudovector component: Eπ drives Fπ

RHS Bethe-Salpeter equation:

γµS(k + P/2)iγ5EπS(k − P/2)γµ

Has pseudovector component

∼ Eπ[σS(k+)σV (k−) + σS(k−)σV (k+)]

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 16/28

Page 72: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– Contact Interaction

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

Bethe-Salpeter amplitude can’t depend on relative

momentum

⇒ General Form Γπ(P ) = iγ5Eπ(P ) +1

MQ

γ · PFπ(P )

Solve chiral-limit gap and Bethe-Salpeter equations

P 2 = 0 : MQ = 0.40 , Eπ = 0.98 ,Fπ

MQ

= 0.50

Origin of pseudovector component: Eπ drives Fπ

RHS Bethe-Salpeter equation:

γµS(k + P/2)iγ5EπS(k − P/2)γµ

Hence Fπ on LHS is forced to be nonzero

because Eπ on RHS is nonzero owing to DCSB

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 16/28

Page 73: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– Contact Interaction

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

Bethe-Salpeter amplitude: General Form

Γπ(P ) = iγ5Eπ(P ) +1

MQ

γ · PFπ(P )

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 17/28

Page 74: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– Contact Interaction

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

Bethe-Salpeter amplitude: General Form

Γπ(P ) = iγ5Eπ(P ) +1

MQ

γ · PFπ(P )

Asymptotic form of electromagnetic pion form factor

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 17/28

Page 75: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– Contact Interaction

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

Bethe-Salpeter amplitude: General Form

Γπ(P ) = iγ5Eπ(P ) +1

MQ

γ · PFπ(P )

Asymptotic form of electromagnetic pion form factor

E2π-term ⇒ F em

π E(Q2) ∼M2

Q2, photon(Q)

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 17/28

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First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– Contact Interaction

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

Bethe-Salpeter amplitude: General Form

Γπ(P ) = iγ5Eπ(P ) +1

MQ

γ · PFπ(P )

Asymptotic form of electromagnetic pion form factor

E2π-term ⇒ F em

π E(Q2) ∼M2

Q2, photon(Q)

EπFπ-term.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 17/28

Page 77: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– Contact Interaction

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

Bethe-Salpeter amplitude: General Form

Γπ(P ) = iγ5Eπ(P ) +1

MQ

γ · PFπ(P )

Asymptotic form of electromagnetic pion form factor

E2π-term ⇒ F em

π E(Q2) ∼M2

Q2, photon(Q)

EπFπ-term. Breit Frame:

pion(P = (0, 0, −Q/2, iQ/2))

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 17/28

Page 78: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– Contact Interaction

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

Bethe-Salpeter amplitude: General Form

Γπ(P ) = iγ5Eπ(P ) +1

MQ

γ · PFπ(P )

Asymptotic form of electromagnetic pion form factor

E2π-term ⇒ F em

π E(Q2) ∼M2

Q2, photon(Q)

EπFπ-term. Breit Frame:

pion(P = (0, 0, −Q/2, iQ/2))

F emπ EF (Q2) ∼ 2 Sγ · (P + Q)FπSγ4SEπ

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 17/28

Page 79: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– Contact Interaction

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

Bethe-Salpeter amplitude: General Form

Γπ(P ) = iγ5Eπ(P ) +1

MQ

γ · PFπ(P )

Asymptotic form of electromagnetic pion form factor

E2π-term ⇒ F em

π E(Q2) ∼M2

Q2, photon(Q)

EπFπ-term. Breit Frame:

pion(P = (0, 0, −Q/2, iQ/2))

F emπ EF (Q2) ∼ 2 Sγ · (P + Q)FπSγ4SEπ

⇒ F emπ EF (Q2) ∝

Q2

M2Q

× E2π−term = constant!

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 17/28

Page 80: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GT for pion– Contact Interaction

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

Bethe-Salpeter amplitude: General Form

Γπ(P ) = iγ5Eπ(P ) +1

MQ

γ · PFπ(P )

Asymptotic form of electromagnetic pion form factor

E2π-term ⇒ F em

π E(Q2) ∼M2

Q2, photon(Q)

EπFπ-term. Breit Frame:

pion(P = (0, 0, −Q/2, iQ/2))

F emπ EF (Q2) ∼ 2 Sγ · (P + Q)FπSγ4SEπ

⇒ F emπ EF (Q2) ∝

Q2

M2Q

× E2π−term = constant!

This behaviour dominates for Q2 & M2Q

> 0.8 GeV2

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 17/28

Page 81: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Computation : ElasticPion Form Factor

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

DSE prediction: M(p2); i.e., interaction1

|x − y|2

cf. M(p2) = Constant; i.e., interaction δ4(x − y)

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 18/28

Page 82: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Computation : ElasticPion Form Factor

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

DSE prediction: M(p2); i.e., interaction1

|x − y|2

cf. M(p2) = Constant; i.e., interaction δ4(x − y)

Single mass-scale parameterin both studies

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 18/28

Page 83: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Computation : ElasticPion Form Factor

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

DSE prediction: M(p2); i.e., interaction1

|x − y|2

cf. M(p2) = Constant; i.e., interaction δ4(x − y)

Single mass-scale parameterin both studies

Same predictions forQ2 = 0 properties

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 18/28

Page 84: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Computation : ElasticPion Form Factor

Guttierez, Bashir, Cloët, Roberts:arXiv:1002.1968 [nucl-th]

DSE prediction: M(p2); i.e., interaction1

|x − y|2

cf. M(p2) = Constant; i.e., interaction δ4(x − y)

0 2 4 6Q

2 [GeV

2]

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Q2 F

π(Q2 )

[GeV

2 ]

Maris-Tandy-2000

VMD ρ pole

CERN ’80s

JLab, 2001

JLab at 12 GeV

pert. QCD

JLab, 2006b

JLab, 2006a

NJL Model

Single mass-scale parameterin both studies

Same predictions forQ2 = 0 properties

Disagreement > 20%for Q2 > M2

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 18/28

Page 85: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Ratio – Kaon/Pionu-valence distribution

Trang: PhD Thesis (Kent State U.)Trang, Tandy, Bashir, Roberts, in progressHolt & Roberts: arXiv:1002.4666 [nucl-th]

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1x

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

uk / u

π at q = 5 GeV (Full BSE)

uK

/ uπ at q

0 = 0.57 GeV (Full BSE)

uK

/ uπ at q

0 = 0.57 GeV (E

0, F

0)

uK

/ uπ at q = 5 GeV (E

0, F

0)

Evolved uk, u

π Pade fits at q

0 = 0.57 GeV to q = 5 GeVdata: Badier, et al. , Phys. Lett. B 93 (1980) 354

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 19/28

Page 86: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Ratio – Kaon/Pionu-valence distribution

Trang: PhD Thesis (Kent State U.)Trang, Tandy, Bashir, Roberts, in progressHolt & Roberts: arXiv:1002.4666 [nucl-th]

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1x

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

uk / u

π at q = 5 GeV (Full BSE)

uK

/ uπ at q

0 = 0.57 GeV (Full BSE)

uK

/ uπ at q

0 = 0.57 GeV (E

0, F

0)

uK

/ uπ at q = 5 GeV (E

0, F

0)

Evolved uk, u

π Pade fits at q

0 = 0.57 GeV to q = 5 GeVdata: Badier, et al. , Phys. Lett. B 93 (1980) 354DSE–result obtained

using interaction that

predicted Fπ(Q2)

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 19/28

Page 87: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Ratio – Kaon/Pionu-valence distribution

Trang: PhD Thesis (Kent State U.)Trang, Tandy, Bashir, Roberts, in progressHolt & Roberts: arXiv:1002.4666 [nucl-th]

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1x

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

uk / u

π at q = 5 GeV (Full BSE)

uK

/ uπ at q

0 = 0.57 GeV (Full BSE)

uK

/ uπ at q

0 = 0.57 GeV (E

0, F

0)

uK

/ uπ at q = 5 GeV (E

0, F

0)

Evolved uk, u

π Pade fits at q

0 = 0.57 GeV to q = 5 GeVdata: Badier, et al. , Phys. Lett. B 93 (1980) 354DSE–result obtained

using interaction that

predicted Fπ(Q2)

Influence of M(p2)

felt strongly for x > 0.5

QCD-M(p2) ⇒

prediction:

uπ,K(x) ∝ (1 − x)2

at resolving-scale

Q0 = 0.6 GeV

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 19/28

Page 88: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Ratio – Kaon/Pionu-valence distribution

Trang: PhD Thesis (Kent State U.)Trang, Tandy, Bashir, Roberts, in progressHolt & Roberts: arXiv:1002.4666 [nucl-th]

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1x

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

uk / u

π at q = 5 GeV (Full BSE)

uK

/ uπ at q

0 = 0.57 GeV (Full BSE)

uK

/ uπ at q

0 = 0.57 GeV (E

0, F

0)

uK

/ uπ at q = 5 GeV (E

0, F

0)

Evolved uk, u

π Pade fits at q

0 = 0.57 GeV to q = 5 GeVdata: Badier, et al. , Phys. Lett. B 93 (1980) 354DSE–result obtained

using interaction that

predicted Fπ(Q2)

Influence of M(p2)

felt strongly for x > 0.5

QCD-M(p2) ⇒

prediction:

uπ,K(x) ∝ (1 − x)2

at resolving-scale

Q0 = 0.6 GeV

uπ,K(x = 1) invariant under DGLAP-evolution

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 19/28

Page 89: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Ratio – Kaon/Pionu-valence distribution

Trang: PhD Thesis (Kent State U.)Trang, Tandy, Bashir, Roberts, in progressHolt & Roberts: arXiv:1002.4666 [nucl-th]

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1x

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

uk / u

π at q = 5 GeV (Full BSE)

uK

/ uπ at q

0 = 0.57 GeV (Full BSE)

uK

/ uπ at q

0 = 0.57 GeV (E

0, F

0)

uK

/ uπ at q = 5 GeV (E

0, F

0)

Evolved uk, u

π Pade fits at q

0 = 0.57 GeV to q = 5 GeVdata: Badier, et al. , Phys. Lett. B 93 (1980) 354DSE–result obtained

using interaction that

predicted Fπ(Q2)

Influence of M(p2)

felt strongly for x > 0.5

QCD-M(p2) ⇒

prediction:

uπ,K(x) ∝ (1 − x)2

at resolving-scale

Q0 = 0.6 GeV

uπ,K(x = 1) invariant under DGLAP-evolution

Accessible at Upgraded JLab & Electron-Ion ColliderCraig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 19/28

Page 90: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Unifying Studyof Mesons and Baryons

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 20/28

Page 91: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Unifying Studyof Mesons and Baryons

How does one incorporate dressed-quark mass function,

M(p2), in study of baryons? Behaviour of M(p2) is es-

sentially a quantum field theoretical effect.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 20/28

Page 92: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Unifying Studyof Mesons and Baryons

How does one incorporate dressed-quark mass function,

M(p2), in study of baryons? Behaviour of M(p2) is es-

sentially a quantum field theoretical effect.

In quantum field theory a nucleon appears as a pole in a six-

point quark Green function.

Residue is proportional to nucleon’s Faddeev amplitude

Poincaré covariant Faddeev equation sums all possible

exchanges and interactions that can take place between

three dressed-quarks

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 20/28

Page 93: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Unifying Studyof Mesons and Baryons

How does one incorporate dressed-quark mass function,

M(p2), in study of baryons? Behaviour of M(p2) is es-

sentially a quantum field theoretical effect.

In quantum field theory a nucleon appears as a pole in a six-

point quark Green function.

Residue is proportional to nucleon’s Faddeev amplitude

Poincaré covariant Faddeev equation sums all possible

exchanges and interactions that can take place between

three dressed-quarks

Tractable equation is founded on observation that an

interaction which describes colour-singlet mesons also

generates quark-quark (diquark) correlations in the

colour-3̄ (antitriplet) channelCraig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 20/28

Page 94: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Faddeev equationR. T. Cahill et al. Austral. J. Phys. 42 (1989) 129

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 21/28

Page 95: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Faddeev equationR. T. Cahill et al. Austral. J. Phys. 42 (1989) 129

=aΨ

P

pq

pd Γb

Γ−a

pd

pq

bΨP

q

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 21/28

Page 96: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Faddeev equationR. T. Cahill et al. Austral. J. Phys. 42 (1989) 129

=aΨ

P

pq

pd Γb

Γ−a

pd

pq

bΨP

q

Linear, Homogeneous Matrix equation

Yields wave function (Poincaré Covariant Faddeev

Amplitude) that describes quark-diquark relative motion

within the nucleon

Scalar and Axial-Vector Diquarks . . . In Nucleon’s Rest

Frame Amplitude has . . . s−, p− & d−wave correlations

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 21/28

Page 97: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Nucleon-Photon Vertex

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 22/28

Page 98: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Nucleon-Photon Vertex

M. Oettel, M. Pichowskyand L. von Smekal, nu-th/9909082

6 terms . . .constructed systematically . . . current conserved automatically

for on-shell nucleons described by Faddeev Amplitude

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 22/28

Page 99: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Nucleon-Photon Vertex

M. Oettel, M. Pichowskyand L. von Smekal, nu-th/9909082

6 terms . . .constructed systematically . . . current conserved automatically

for on-shell nucleons described by Faddeev Amplitude

i

iΨ ΨPf

f

P

Q i

iΨ ΨPf

f

P

Q

i

iΨ ΨPPf

f

Q

Γ−

Γ

scalaraxial vector

i

iΨ ΨPf

f

P

Q

µ

i

i

X

Ψ ΨPf

f

Q

P Γ−

µi

i

X−

Ψ ΨPf

f

P

Q

ΓCraig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 22/28

Page 100: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

µnGE(Q2)

GM(Q2)

Cloët, Roberts et al.– arXiv:0710.2059 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0710.5746 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0804.3118 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0812.0416 [nucl-th] – Survey of nucleon EM form factors

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 23/28

Page 101: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

µnGE(Q2)

GM(Q2)

Cloët, Roberts et al.– arXiv:0710.2059 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0710.5746 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0804.3118 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0812.0416 [nucl-th] – Survey of nucleon EM form factors

DSE-Faddeev Equation prediction

]2 [GeV2Q

n M/G

n EG nµ

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

RCQM - MillerGPD - DiehlKelly fit

n

MGalster fit/Kelly Gq(qq) Faddeev&DSE

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

B. Wojtsekhowski, Jefferson Lab E02-013 Collaboration, in preparation.

Figure courtesy S. RiordanCraig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 23/28

Page 102: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

µnGE(Q2)

GM(Q2)

Cloët, Roberts et al.– arXiv:0710.2059 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0710.5746 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0804.3118 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0812.0416 [nucl-th] – Survey of nucleon EM form factors

DSE-Faddeev Equation prediction

Red solid curve

]2 [GeV2Q

n M/G

n EG nµ

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

RCQM - MillerGPD - DiehlKelly fit

n

MGalster fit/Kelly Gq(qq) Faddeev&DSE

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

B. Wojtsekhowski, Jefferson Lab E02-013 Collaboration, in preparation.

Figure courtesy S. RiordanCraig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 23/28

Page 103: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

µnGE(Q2)

GM(Q2)

Cloët, Roberts et al.– arXiv:0710.2059 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0710.5746 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0804.3118 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0812.0416 [nucl-th] – Survey of nucleon EM form factors

DSE-Faddeev Equation prediction

Red solid curve

]2 [GeV2Q

n M/G

n EG nµ

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

RCQM - MillerGPD - DiehlKelly fit

n

MGalster fit/Kelly Gq(qq) Faddeev&DSE

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

B. Wojtsekhowski, Jefferson Lab E02-013 Collaboration, in preparation.

Figure courtesy S. Riordan

This evolution

very sensitive

to momentum

-dependence

dressed-quark

propagator

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 23/28

Page 104: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GnM(Q2)

µnGD(Q2)

Cloët, Roberts et al.– arXiv:0710.2059 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0710.5746 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0804.3118 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0812.0416 [nucl-th] – Survey of nucleon EM form factors

)

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 24/28

Page 105: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GnM(Q2)

µnGD(Q2)

Cloët, Roberts et al.– arXiv:0710.2059 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0710.5746 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0804.3118 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0812.0416 [nucl-th] – Survey of nucleon EM form factors

DSE-Faddeev Equation prediction

2009-12-23 15:36:10 )2

(GeV2

Q

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

DG

nµ/

MnG

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

Solid - Kelly

Dotted - Alberico et al.

Squares - CLAS12 anticipated

Green - Previous world data.

Red - J.Lachniet et al.

Blue, dashed - Cloet et al.

Anticipated error bars show

systematic uncertainty.

Jefferson Lab E12-07-104, 12GeV Proposal.

Gilfoyle, Brooks, Hafidi for CLAS CollaborationCraig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 24/28

Page 106: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GnM(Q2)

µnGD(Q2)

Cloët, Roberts et al.– arXiv:0710.2059 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0710.5746 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0804.3118 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0812.0416 [nucl-th] – Survey of nucleon EM form factors

DSE-Faddeev Equation prediction

Blue long-dashed curve

2009-12-23 15:36:10 )2

(GeV2

Q

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

DG

nµ/

MnG

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

Solid - Kelly

Dotted - Alberico et al.

Squares - CLAS12 anticipated

Green - Previous world data.

Red - J.Lachniet et al.

Blue, dashed - Cloet et al.

Anticipated error bars show

systematic uncertainty.

Jefferson Lab E12-07-104, 12GeV Proposal.

Gilfoyle, Brooks, Hafidi for CLAS CollaborationCraig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 24/28

Page 107: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

GnM(Q2)

µnGD(Q2)

Cloët, Roberts et al.– arXiv:0710.2059 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0710.5746 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0804.3118 [nucl-th]– arXiv:0812.0416 [nucl-th] – Survey of nucleon EM form factors

DSE-Faddeev Equation prediction

Blue long-dashed curve

2009-12-23 15:36:10 )2

(GeV2

Q

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

DG

nµ/

MnG

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

Solid - Kelly

Dotted - Alberico et al.

Squares - CLAS12 anticipated

Green - Previous world data.

Red - J.Lachniet et al.

Blue, dashed - Cloet et al.

Anticipated error bars show

systematic uncertainty.

Jefferson Lab E12-07-104, 12GeV Proposal.

Gilfoyle, Brooks, Hafidi for CLAS Collaboration

Sensitivity to

M(p2) means

experiments probe

IR behaviour

of strong running

coupling

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 24/28

Page 108: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Some current12 GeV-related projects

Elucidate signals of M(p2) in Q2-evolution of nucleon elastic andtransition form factors; viz.,

N → ∆

N →P11(1440)

(M. Bhagwat, I. Cloët, H. Roberts)

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 25/28

Page 109: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Some current12 GeV-related projects

Elucidate signals of M(p2) in Q2-evolution of nucleon elastic andtransition form factors; viz.,

N → ∆

N →P11(1440)

(M. Bhagwat, I. Cloët, H. Roberts)

Elucidate effects of DCSB in

light-quark meson spectrum, including so-called hybrids andexotics, using Poincaré-covariant symmetry-preservingBethe-Salpeter equation (L. Chang, arXiv:0903.5461 [nucl-th])

hadron valence-quark distribution functions (A. Bashir,P.C. Tandy)

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 25/28

Page 110: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Some current12 GeV-related projects

Elucidate signals of M(p2) in Q2-evolution of nucleon elastic andtransition form factors; viz.,

N → ∆

N →P11(1440)

(M. Bhagwat, I. Cloët, H. Roberts)

Elucidate effects of DCSB in

light-quark meson spectrum, including so-called hybrids andexotics, using Poincaré-covariant symmetry-preservingBethe-Salpeter equation (L. Chang, arXiv:0903.5461 [nucl-th])

hadron valence-quark distribution functions (A. Bashir,P.C. Tandy)

Incorporate “resonant contributions” (pion cloud) in kernels ofbound-state equations (e.g., arXiv:0802.1948 [nucl-th] &arXiv:0811.2018 [nucl-th]; and C.S. Fischer et al.)

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 25/28

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First Contents Back Conclusion

Epilogue

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 26/28

Page 112: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

EpilogueDCSB exists in QCD.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 26/28

Page 113: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

EpilogueDCSB exists in QCD.

It is manifest in dressed propagators and

vertices

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 26/28

Page 114: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

EpilogueDCSB exists in QCD.

It is manifest in dressed propagators and

vertices

It predicts, amongst other things, that

light current-quarks become heavy

constituent-quarks: 4 → 400 MeV

pseudoscalar mesons are unnaturally

light: mρ = 770 cf. mπ = 140 MeV

pseudoscalar mesons couple unnaturally

strongly to light-quarks: gπq̄q ≈ 4.3

pseudscalar mesons couple unnaturally

strongly to the lightest baryons

gπN̄N ≈ 12.8 ≈ 3gπq̄q

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 26/28

Page 115: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Epilogue

DCSB impacts dramatically upon observables

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 26/28

Page 116: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Epilogue

DCSB impacts dramatically upon observables

Spectrum; e.g., splittings: σ–π & a1–ρ

Elastic and Transition Form Factors

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 26/28

Page 117: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Epilogue

DCSB impacts dramatically upon observables

Spectrum; e.g., splittings: σ–π & a1–ρ

Elastic and Transition Form FactorsBut M(p2) is an essentially quantum field theoretical effect

Exposing & elucidating its effect in hadron physics requires

nonperturbative, symmetry preserving framework; i.e.,

Poincaré covariance, chiral and e.m. current conservation, etc.

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 26/28

Page 118: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Epilogue

DCSB impacts dramatically upon observables

Spectrum; e.g., splittings: σ–π & a1–ρ

Elastic and Transition Form FactorsBut M(p2) is an essentially quantum field theoretical effect

Exposing & elucidating its effect in hadron physics requires

nonperturbative, symmetry preserving framework; i.e.,

Poincaré covariance, chiral and e.m. current conservation, etc.

DSEs provide such a framework.

Studies underway will identify observable signals of M(p2),

the most important mass-generating mechanism for visible

matter in the Universe

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 26/28

Page 119: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Epilogue

DCSB impacts dramatically upon observables

Spectrum; e.g., splittings: σ–π & a1–ρ

Elastic and Transition Form FactorsBut M(p2) is an essentially quantum field theoretical effect

Exposing & elucidating its effect in hadron physics requires

nonperturbative, symmetry preserving framework; i.e.,

Poincaré covariance, chiral and e.m. current conservation, etc.

DSEs provide such a framework.

Studies underway will identify observable signals of M(p2),

the most important mass-generating mechanism for visible

matter in the Universe

DSEs: Tool enabling insight to be drawn from experiment

into long-range piece of interaction between light-quarksCraig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 26/28

Page 120: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Epilogue

Now is an exciting time . . .

Positioned to unify phenomena as apparently disparate as

Hadron spectrum

Elastic and transition form factors, from small- to large-Q2

Parton distribution functions

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 27/28

Page 121: Exposing the Dressed Quark’s massChallenge: understand relationship between parton properties on the light-front and rest frame structure of hadrons. Craig Roberts – Exposing the

First Contents Back Conclusion

Epilogue

0 1 2 3

p [GeV]

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

M(p

) [G

eV] m = 0 (Chiral limit)

m = 30 MeVm = 70 MeV

effect of gluon cloudRapid acquisition of mass is

Now is an exciting time . . .

Positioned to unify phenomena as apparently disparate as

Hadron spectrum

Elastic and transition form factors, from small- to large-Q2

Parton distribution functions

Key: an understanding of both the fundamental origin of nuclear

mass and the far-reaching consequences of the mechanism

responsible; namely, Dynamical Chiral Symmetry BreakingCraig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 27/28

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First Contents Back Conclusion

Contents

1. Universal Truths

2. QCD’s Challenges

3. Charting the Interaction

4. Bound-state DSE

5. BSE – General Form

6. a1 – ρ

7. Frontiers of Nuclear Science

8. Goldberger-Treiman for pion

9. GT – Contact Interaction

10. Computation: Fπ(Q2)

11. Kaon/Pion u-valence distribution

12. Unifying Meson & Nucleon

13. Faddeev equation

14. Nucleon-Photon Vertex

15.µnGE (Q2)

GM (Q2)

16.Gn

M (Q2)

µnGD(Q2)

17. Current Projects

Craig Roberts – Exposing the Dressed Quark’s mass4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, 18-21 May 2010 . . . 27 – p. 28/28