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ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Co. (EMRE)ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Co. (EMRE)Methanol to Gasoline (MTG) Technology
An Alternative for Liquid Fuel ProductionAn Alternative for Liquid Fuel Production
Gasification Technology ConferenceGasification Technology ConferenceOctober, 2009
2009
• Coal to Liquid Fuels Background
• EMRE Methanol to Gasoline Technology
• MTG and Fischer-Tropsch Comparative Analysis
• EMRE MTG Licensing
Options for Coal Liquefaction
MethanolSynthesis CH3OH
CO2O2 H2O
Fischer-Tropsch “F-T Crude”
Coal Gasification:Syngas: CO + 2H2
Indirect
Di t
SynthesisCoal
“SyntheticDirect
Indirect
DirectLiquefaction
“SyntheticCrude”
Coal Gasification: H2
Direct
CO2O2 H2O
Syngas: H2
Options for Coal to Liquid Transportation Fuels
Fischer
Gasification MeOHSynthesis MTG
Fischer-Tropsch
Synthesis
Gasification
Coal
Refining
Liquid
H2
Direct
Gasification
Fuels
• The MTG process converts methanol to gasoline• For F-T and Direct Liquefaction conventional oil refining processes convert
DirectLiquefaction Refining
• For F-T and Direct Liquefaction, conventional oil refining processes convert synthesized hydrocarbons into liquid fuels (diesel, jet fuel, gasoline)
• Including the hydrogen generation for Direct Liquefaction, all routes involve three major process steps
• Coal to Liquid Fuels Background
• EMRE Methanol to Gasoline Technology
• MTG and Fischer-Tropsch Comparative Analysis
• EMRE MTG Licensing – The MTG Advantage
ExxonMobil MTG Technology
• MTG synthesis reactions convert Methanol
Methanol
into a mixture of C1-C10 hydrocarbonsand free water
• Approximately 90% of hydrocarbon is inthe gasoline boiling range with 87 octane value ((R+M)/2)
• First generation MTG plant operated inNe Zealand from 1985 to 1997 in a gas
Water
New Zealand from 1985 to 1997 in a gasto liquids operation
Gasoline
MTG Product Yields & Quality
MTG Gasoline YieldsMTG Gasoline Yields
% of
MTG Gasoline MTG Gasoline Properties/CompositionProperties/Composition
Octane, RON 92% of HydrocarbonFeed Product
Fuel Gas 1% 2%
Octa e, O 9Octane, MON 82(R+M)/2 87
Paraffins, vol% 53
LPG 5% 11%
Gasoline 38% 87%
Olefins, vol% 12Napthenes, vol% 9Aromatics, vol% 26
• The MTG process predominately produces gasoline and a fraction of LPG
H2O 56% --Benzene, vol% 0.3Sulfur nil
• The MTG process predominately produces gasoline and a fraction of LPG determined by the desired gasoline vapor pressure
• Gasoline qualities consistent with conventional regular gasoline
MTG Gasoline vs. U.S. Conventional Gasoline
• MTG Gasoline is completely compatible with conventional gasoline infrastructure
• MTG Gasoline contains essentially no sulfur and low benzene – meets sulfur and benzene limits
2005 Summer 2005 Winter MTG Gasoline US Regulation
API Gravity 58.4 61.9 61.8
A ti (%V l) 27 7 24 7 26 5Aromatics (%Vol) 27.7 24.7 26.5
Olefins (%Vol) 12 11.6 12.6
RVP (psi) 8.3 12.12 9
T50 (F) 211.1 199.9 201
T90 (F) 330.7 324.1 320
S lf (PPM) 106 97 0 30Sulfur (PPM) 106 97 0 30
Benzene (%Vol) 1.21 115 0.3 1 (0.62)
EMRE MTG Process
• Pre-heated methanol is fed to a fixed bed reactor system where essentially all of the methanol is converted to hydrocarbon and water
• MTG reactor effluent is separated into gas, raw gasoline and H20
• Raw gasoline is separated into LPG, light gasoline and heavy gasoline
• Heavy gasoline is hydro-treated to reduce durene content
• Heavy and light gasoline are re-combined into finished MTG gasoline
EMRE MTG Process Flow Diagram
Light Gasoline
MTG Reactor System
C2- LPGPurge Gas
FinishedGasolineBlendingBlending
LPG
(Multiple)
Treated
Methanol
Treated Gasoline
Heavy Gasoline
Stabilized GasolineH O Gasoline
DeEthanizer
Stabilizer
StabilizerSplitter
HGT Reactor
RawGasoline
H2O
New Zealand MTG Facility: New Plymouth NZ
MTGMTGSynGas and SynGas and MeOH GenerationMeOH Generation
14,500 BPD plant in New Plymouth New Zealand. Plant ownership 75% NZ Government and 25% ExxonMobil.
New Zealand Plant Operating Experience
90
95 GASOLINE YIELDWT% OF HC
Initial Startup: October, 1985> 96% Stream Factor over 7 year period
95%100%
ctor
GASOLINE OCTANE RON
85
75%80%85%
90%95%
Rx
Stre
am F
ac
1st Calendar Yr.
GASOLINE OCTANE, RON
92
94
9670%75%
0 360 720 1080 1440 1800 2160 2520 2880Elapsed Time, Days
R
90
92
• The New Zealand MTG experience demonstrated MTG to be a robust technology
1st Calendar Yr.
• Daily gasoline yield on feed and gasoline octane indicated a very consistent process performance
• After start up the unit ran reliably with an on-stream factor greater than 96%
Key MTG Features
Operability– Moderate temperatures / pressures
Gas phase conventional fixed bed reactors– Gas phase conventional fixed bed reactors– Reactor design allows for on-stream MTG catalyst regeneration and
replacement– Gasification and methanol synthesis are decoupled from gasoline productionGasification and methanol synthesis are decoupled from gasoline production
› Improves on-stream factor vs. direct coupled operation› MTG unit sized for calendar day methanol production
Constructability– Parallel reactor design provides reactor size flexibility – New Zealand experience demonstrated constructability in remote localsy
2nd Generation MTG Technology
• Second Generation Design based on 10 yearslearning’s from New Zealand operation
• Improved heat integrationImproved heat integration
• Improved process efficiency
• Process re-optimized for coal-based methanolp
Reduced capital costReduced operating cost
ExxonMobil is the world leader In catalyst development and manufacture
JAMG MTG Plant in Shanxi ChinaJAMG MTG plant located in Shanxi Province China is the first SecondGeneration MTG Unit
The JAMG project is demonstrating the coal to gasoline concept with domestic gasification and methanol synthesis technologies and EMRE MTG
JAMG MTG Plant in Shanxi China• The JAMG MTG plant has a capacity of 2,500 B/D and incorporates the
learning's of the 1st generation plant in New Zealand
• The plant started up in June, 2009 and produced on‐test gasoline 60 p p , p ghours after initial start up
Other MTG Licenses
• DKRW announced in Dec. 2007 the first U.S. CTL plant to utilize MTG in their 15 KBD Medicine Bow, WY Project
• Synthesis Energy Systems in September, 2008 announced their license for MTG Technology for a series of global CTL projects
• Coal to Liquid Fuels Background
• EMRE Methanol to Gasoline Technology
• MTG and Fischer-Tropsch Comparative Analysis
• EMRE MTG Licensing – The MTG Advantage
F-T & MTG Comparative Stoichiometry
SYN GASFISCHER-TROPSCH
(CO + 2H2) (-C1H2-) + H2O
Gas & F-T Liquids
(CO + 2H2) CH3OH (-C1H2-) + H2O
SYN GAS METHANOLM T G
Gas & MTG Gasoline
F-T & MTG Component Yields
Components
Fuel Gas 6 15 1.1
Fischer‐Tropsch Co Catalyst @ 220 C
Fischer‐Tropsch Fe Catalyst @ 340 C
MTGComponents
LPG 6 23 10.0
Naphtha 19 36
GASOLINE 88.8
Distillate/Diesel 22 16
Fuel Oil/Wax 46 5/
Oxygenates 1 5
• F-T yields depend on catalyst, temperature and specific technology
• F-T processes produce a range of hydrocarbons and oxygenates (e.g. alcohols) that require refining processes to convert F-T liquids to conventional fuels
• MTG produces a conventional gasoline and an LPG stream
Date Sources: Sasol 2004 publication.
MTG produces a conventional gasoline and an LPG stream
10
Gasoline vs. Diesel as CTL product
6
7
8
9
• U.S. fuel demand is projected to be heavily weighted toward gasoline
Projected U.S. Trans. Fuel Demand (MB/D)
1
2
3
4
5 heavily weighted toward gasoline even considering efficiency gains and some gas to diesel demand shifting (Source: U.S. EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2009 with
2 .0
0
1
2007 2015 2030
Pet. Gasoline Bio Gasoline Pet. Diesel Bio Diesel
Projections to 2030)
G li Di l P i ($/MBTU)
1 .0
1 .5
• Historical Gasoline and Diesel prices have typically provided over $1/BTU
Gasoline - Diesel Price ($/MBTU)
0 .0
0 .5
198019821984198619881990199219941996199820002002200420062008
have typically provided over $1/BTU additional value for gasoline (Source: U.S. EIA, Refinery Gate prices for Resale; Gasoline @ 5.25 MBTU/BBL, Diesel @ 5.83 MBTU/BBL: Transportation Energy Data Book)
-0 .5
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20
2009 NRC Study:Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal / Biomass*
• Joint Study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering as part of the America Energy F t P j tFuture Project
• Study Included a comparative analysis of MTG and Fischer-Tropsch as alternatives for coal/biomass to liquid fuelsTropsch as alternatives for coal/biomass to liquid fuels
• Compared hypothetical Fischer-Tropsch and MTG Plants capable of producing 50,000 bpd of transportation fuel; i.e. gasoline (no naphtha) and/or diesel
• All gas and LPG fractions recycled for conversion to transportation fuel or consumed for electric power
• Study variants considered impact of Carbon Capture and Sequestration
*Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal / Biomass: Technological Status, Costs and Environmental Impact, ISBN: 0-309-13713-6, http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12620.html
Date Sources: FT Date Sasol 2004 publication.
, p p g
2009 NRC Study:Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal / Biomass
F-T & MTG Economic Comparison Fischer‐Tropsch
No CO2 CaptureFischer‐Tropsch With CO2 Capture
MTG No CO2Capture
MTG With CO2Capture
INPUT Coal, tpd (as received) 26,700 26,700 22,900 23,200OUTPUTS Diesel, bpd 28,700 28,700
Gasoline, bpd 21,290 21,290 50,000 50,000Total Liquid Fuel, bpd 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000
l i i 427 317 145 111Electricity, MW e 427 317 145 111THERMAL EFF. (LHV) 49.1% 47.6% 54.2% 52.9%TOTAL PLANT COST ($M) 4,880 4,950 3,940 4,020
TOTAL PLANT COST ($K/bpd) 97 6 98 9 78 8 80 4
• The study indicated the MTG based plant had slightly higher overall efficiency and lower construction costs
TOTAL PLANT COST ($K/bpd) 97.6 98.9 78.8 80.4EST. BREAKEVEN CRUDE PRICE ($/BBL) 56 68 47 51
MTG benefits from high conversion selectivity and less product refining intensityReal world plants would be optimized based on the specific technology and local power and fuel markets
• CO2 Sequestration lowered efficiency by about 1.5% and raised costs 1.5-2%CO2 Sequestration lowered efficiency by about 1.5% and raised costs 1.5 2%
Data Sources: Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass, © National Academy of Sciences, 2009; http//www.nap.edu/catalog/12620.html
2009 NRC Study:Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal / Biomass
F-T & MTG CTL CO2 Footprint Tons of CO2 Per BBLof Fuel
1.2
Tons of CO2 per BBL of Fuel
1.2
0.6
0.8
1
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0
0.2
0.4
f f CO
COAL - FT COAL - MTG GASOLINE CORNETHANOL
COAL - FT(CCS)
COAL - MTG(CCS)
GASOLINE CORNETHANOL
No CCS W/ CCS
• Liquid fuels from coal produce substantially more CO2 than gasoline from petroleum and corn derived ethanol
• With Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS), coal based fuels’ CO2 foot print is roughly equivalent to petroleum gasoline g y q p g
Date Sources: Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass, © National Academy of Sciences, 2009; http//www.nap.edu/catalog/12620.html
2009 NRC Study:Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal / Biomass
Tons of CO2 per BBL of Fuel
0 4
0.6
F-T & MTG CTL & Biomass CO2 Footprint
Gasoline
0
0.2
0.4
Biomass –FT (w/ CCS)
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
Coal & BM –F-T (w/ CCS)
Coal & BM –MTG (w/ CCS)
-1
-0.8
• Biomass to liquids via gasification with CCS has a negative CO2 foot print • Feeding biomass (42%) and coal (58%) results in a net negative CO2 carbon
footprint• Combining coal and biomass improves the economies of scale for biomass which
is limited by the distribution of biomass feed
Date Sources: Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass, © National Academy of Sciences, 2009; http//ww.nap.edu/catalog/12620.html
• Coal to Liquid Fuels Background
• EMRE Methanol to Gasoline Technology
• MTG and Fischer-Tropsch Comparative Analysis
• EMRE MTG Licensing
EMRE/Uhde Partnership Provides Full Range of Project Services
Gasification MethanolCoal/Biomass
• EMRE Licenses Methanol to Gasoline Technology
EMRE id b i i i• EMRE provides basic engineering design package for licensees to perform detailed engineering design and construction.
• EMRE provides catalysts for the
• Uhde provides feasibility studies for the entire process of clean gasoline production from coal.
• Uhde Licenses PRENFLO Gasification • EMRE provides catalysts for theMTG process.
• EMRE provides assistance for MTG start-up and troubleshooting.
technology
• Uhde can support other CTL/BTL technologies to meet customer’s specific needs
GasolineMTG
• Uhde can provide a range of engineering, procurement and construction services
MTG Advantage
Low Technical Risk– Conversion of coal to gasoline through Gasification, Methanol Synthesis and
MTG utilizes commercially proven and currently employed technologyMTG utilizes commercially proven and currently employed technology
Project Simplicity– MTG produces a single fungible liquid transportation fuel