Compiled by Elizabeth Bogumil

Outlined by Professor Wonser

FAMILY CONFLICT &

CRISES

SocializationCrisisConflictEmotion WorkRoles, Status and ConflictFamily Violence

Domestic Violence Verbal Abuse Non-verbal Abuse

Elder & Child AbuseAffects on ChildrenApplying TheoryTake Away PointsStudent Evaluations

LESSON OUTLINE

Socialization: the process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs and norms of our social group by which we become functioning members of society Begins in infancy Most productive once a child begins to understand the use

of languageFamilies: are the single most significant agent of

socialization in all societies and teaches us the basic values and norms that shape our identity

In the teen years, peers become the primary socializers

SOCIALIZATION

Conflict: friction, disagreement, or discord arising internally or within a group when the beliefs or actions of yourself, one or more members of the group or outside groups members find those beliefs or actions unacceptable

Crisis: any event that is, or expected to lead to, an unstable and dangerous situation affecting an individual or group with little to no warning

CONFLICT VS. CRISIS

Caused by: Drastic changes in courses of events (good or bad) Turning point that changes the future

Types: External: floods, fires, war Internal: divorce, alcoholism, death of family member,

family violenceCoping mechanisms:

Spirituality Family support Sense of humor

CRISES: TYPES & COPING

CRISIS: PROCESS OF ADJUSTMENT

Family Functions are the tasks and goals that support and sustain the family

Family Dysfunctions are failures in the family to accomplish these tasks and goals

This leads to stressors which can build up

Failure to address the stressors before they pile up too much leads to conflict

CONFLICT

Stressors: are “root” causes of conflict: Normative Stressors: expected life events and processes

that bring stress by virtue of their nature Acute Stressors: typically unexpected, sudden, and

demand tremendous resources to cope with them

Examples of normative stressors?

Examples of acute stressors

CONFLICT

Intrapsychic / Personal Cause of Conflict Originates within the individual

Centers on inner drives, instincts, and values pulling against each other

These conflicts come from family of origin issues and early childhood

Can be: Unrealistic fears and anxieties Neurotic needs Emotional illness Depression Mood Swings

Solution: resolve personal issues first then address the relationship issues

What are some examples of this type of conflict?

CONFLICT: TYPES

Intrasomatic / Physical Causes of Conflict Originates from an individuals physical state Can be:

Fatigue Hunger Overwork Headaches Low blood sugar Medications

Cause of Conflict: Irritability Impatience Disordered reasoning Low tolerance for frustration

Solution: relax, better care for your physical health and recognize physical limits

What are some examples of this type of conflict?

Do you think there is a class component to this type of conflict?

CONFLICT: TYPES

Interpsychic / Interpersonal Causes of Conflict Originates and based in intimate interactions Can be:

Rebellion Methods of care Handing situations

Cause of conflict: Misunderstanding Emotional withdrawal Miscommunication Difficulty resolving differences

Solution: communicate, utilize the win-win conflict resolution model, come to common understandings

What are some examples of this type of conflict?

CONFLICT: TYPES

Situational / Environmental Causes of Conflict Originates from external situations which can trigger

personal or interpersonal sources of conflict Can be:

Living conditions in household Societal or cultural strains Unexpected events

Solution: Addressing the external pressure, changing the environment, working together to overcome unexpected events and communication

What are some examples of this type of conflict?

CONFLICT: TYPES

Emotion Work: the management of one’s own feelings in an effort to maintain the well being of a relationship. Also involves the orientation of self to others to fit with accepted norms of emotional expression.

Types Evoking emotion Suppressing emotion

Techniques Cognitive Bodily Emotion

Feeling Rules: “fake it till you make it” Men need to be strong, brave and macho Women need to be happy and perky You know you have the correct or incorrect emotions by how others react to

youDo you do emotion work? What are some feeling rules

within the family you are familiar with?

EMOTION WORK: HOCHSCHILD

EMOTION WORK: HOCHSCHILD

What types of emotion work do these represent?If emotion work is not performed correctly can this lead to

conflict? How?

EMOTION WORK

Role-taking Emotions: are emotions like sympathy, embarrassment, or shame, which require that we assume the perspective of another person and respond from that person’s point of view

Feeling Rules: are socially constructed norms regarding the expression and display of emotions and include expectations about the acceptable or desirable feelings in a given situation

How can not utilizing this sort of emotion work correctly lead to possible conflict?

Status: is a position in society that comes with a set of expectations

Roles: are the behaviors expected from a particular status

Types of Conflict Role Conflict: occurs when the roles associated with one

status clash with the roles associated with a different status Role Strain: occurs when roles associated with a single

status clash Role Exit: is the disengagement from a role that is central

to ones identity, may occur because of role conflict or role strain

How can these types of conflict relate to conflict within intimate relationships and family?

ROLES, STATUS & CONFLICT

ROLES, STATUS & CONFLICT

Actor

Status

Roles

Who: Affects every class, ethnicity, age and sexual orientation

Why: To maintain control

What: Violence may or may not lead to physical injury, can be

emotional and psychological tooHow:

Society legitimizes some forms of violence Spanking Video games

Levels of acceptable violence are based off of societal norms

Tattoos as Domestic Violence

FAMILY VIOLENCE

Factors that contribute to violence in relationships Cultural values Gender roles Family history of violence Drug and alcohol abuse Dependency Jealously, possessiveness and suspicion Need to control Unhappiness and dissatisfaction Anger and aggressiveness

How do you suppose one, some or many of these factors contribute to family violence?

Do you think conflict occurs first then violence?

FAMILY VIOLENCE

Domestic Violence : the intentional use of physical or symbolic force by an individual aimed at hurting or injuring an individual intimately involved with Also known as Intimate Partner Violence(IPV) Is the most common form of family violence. It includes behaviors

abusers use to gain and maintain power over their victims. Abuse can be: Physical Verbal Financial Sexual Psychological

Mortification of Self : the most dramatic type of socialization which can occur in instructions such as the military, POW camps, and mental hospitals. Degradation ceremonies are used to resocialize a person into their new

role

Consider how domestic violence or abuse can be a type of degradation ceremony to resocialize a family member into a

certain role within the family?

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Verbal abuse: are words that cause mental or psychological distress Shaming Threatening Swearing Belittling Humiliation Excessive jealousy or possessiveness

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Non-verbal Abuse: is the use of symbolic force to overtake another Slamming doors Destroying objects / property of another Destroying meaningful objects (ie: tearing up photos) Silence Sulking Isolation (isolating the other from the outside world and

others) Economic deprivation (withholding money)

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

33% of females and 4% of males were murdered by current or former intimate partner. Also, if a family member attacks or kills it usually done in a more violent and graphic manner (2002)

5.9 out of every 1,000 and 2.1 out of every 1,000 men experience domestic violence

60% of offenses occur between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. in the victim’s home

In 2005, 1,181 women and 329 men were killed by their intimate partners

Domestic violence calls are the single largest category of calls to the police

Only a very small number of domestic violence incidents are reported to the police- National Institute of Justice Special Report (June 2009)

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Cycle of Violence in Abusive Relationships

Stage One : relationship seems normal Stage Two: the victim feels l ike ‘walking on eggshells’ to avoid arguments Stage Three : acute battering and violence occur, lasting for seconds, hours or even days. The abuser blames the victim. Stage Four : the abuser wil l apologize profusely and promise that it will never happen again

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Why women stay: Abuse starts gradually and builds Childhood history of abuse* Underestimated the degree of danger Fear Accept the blame and think if they do the right things they

can stop it Emotional dependency / low self esteem Financial dependency Guilt Believes the abuse is for legitimate reasons They “love” their partner

How does this relate to the way in which victims were socialized to behave and think as a child?

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Children and elderly can also suffer from abusive family members

Elder Abuse: the maltreatment of older family members in emotional, sexual, physical, financial, neglectful and other ways, especially where trust was expected and violated

Child and elder abuse are underreported, due in part to the relative powerlessness of the victims and the private settings of the abuse

Particular types of abuse towards children include: Neglect: is the failure to perform necessary duties

Food, water, medical care Incest: is sexual relations between close relatives

What have you heard about elder abuse?

ELDER & CHILD ABUSE

Abuse is LESS likely to occur in families where: Spouses have an egalitarian relationships Spouses share equal decision-making power in regard to

finances, purchases, vacations, etc. The marriage is monogamous Normal disagreements within the family are resolved

peacefully And, if someone is abused, there is outside support for the

abused and the abused seeks it after the first incident*

FAMILY VIOLENCE

Elder abuse is MORE likely to occur when: The elder abused the adult child as a child The elder has decreased functioning (dementia, et al) The abuser may not understand the disability of the elder The abusive adult child may use drugs or alcohol

FAMILY VIOLENCE

What family environment is most healthy for children Some conflict is inevitable and healthy How conflict is handled is critical Positive and calm family environments make children feel

Safe and secure Loved and wanted

When parents fight, children feel: Stressed Anxious and may withdraw Self-Blame*

Feelings that the fight is about them Feelings that they try to make peace and fail

AFFECTS ON CHILDREN CHILDREN: CONFLICT & CRISIS

Children living in violent households tend to grow up to be perpetrators or victims

3-10 million children witness domestic violence annually

Effects of child abuse: More aggressive Behaves negatively Doesn’t get along well with others Does poorly in school Poor problem solving Long-term adjustment problems

Can children witnessing violence increase the likelihood of them perpetuate the cycle of violence when they’re

adults?

AFFECTS ON CHILDREN: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE & ABUSE

APPLYING THEORY

How do each of these theories relate to conflict, crisis and family violence?

1. Conflict and crises can be handled in constructive ways

2. Domestic violence comes in many forms3. Conflict resolution, the handling of crisis and the

crime of domestic violence can be learned by children through socialization and thus passed down through generations

TAKE AWAY POINTS

1. Since I am learning how to become the most awesome teacher ever (second to Professor Wonser), would you please fill out these evaluations.

2. The evaluations are to review, as a whole, any of my class participation and:

1. My presentations and PowerPoints2. The test questions for the units I presented3. Class activities affiliated with the units I presented

3. They will not affect your grade what-so-ever4. They are anonymous5. Please leave written comments and suggestions,

they are so valuable

STUDENT EVALUATIONS