Isabel Torralbo Talavera

INSTRUCTIONS DAY 1

• Teacher explanation( theory)

• Individual work on your book

• Groups design( experts assigned )

DAY TWO

• Teacher explanation( theory)

• Individual work on your book

DAY THREE

• Group activity in assignment corners

• Activities collected shared grade

DAY FOUR

• Group review

• Individual exam.

• Final grade : 50 % group work + 50% average individual + group exam mark

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

General characteristics of Fascism : “Our doctrine is action”

• Total power of the State (economy, politics, culture…) individuals subordinated to State

• “Theory of the elites” Pareto y Mosca minority should govern. Unequality it is a fact and a goal racism/ sexism(KKK)

• Worship of a charismatic leader Super man theory Nietzsche

• Imperialism vital space

• Mistrust on reason youth and violence worship

• Use of propaganda

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

ITALIAN FASCISM: BENITO MUSSOLINI - Disappointment by the peace agreements WWI “Irredentism” - Economic crisis social unrest fear to revolution In March 1919, Mussolini formed the “Fasci di combattimento” armed squads known as “BlackShirts”, who terrorised their political opponents and workers.

- In 1921 Mussolini founded the National Fascist Party

- 1922 March on Rome king gives government

- 1922-24 “ liberal fiction” - 1925 Dictatorship

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

The period of German history from 1919 to 1933 Weimar Republic - Huge economic crisis unemployment, poverty

– Left-wing revolutionaries

– Extreme – right groups

1920 Hitler joins National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP).

1923 Putsch Munich failed prison Mein Kampf

From 1929 rises . 1932 won the elections chancellor elections 1933 Reichstag fire State emergency 44%

1934 Hindemburg died Hitler Fürer (leader) END OF THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC. THE THIRD REICH WAS PROCLAIMED

Economy rearming – state works- military service

Dictatorship He eliminated all oposition:

- Gestapo: Secret Police

- SS : Personal Guard Hitler. Conc. Camps

- SA: NSDAP military forces

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

GERMANY

WWII Path to War • 1936 -39

- Support to Franco Spanish War

• 1937

– Japan invades China

• 1938

– ‘Anschluss’ with Austria

– Munich Agreement Germany occupies the Sudetenland

• 1939

– Nazis take over Czechoslovakia

– Nazis and Soviets sign Pact

– Britain and Poland sign a Mutual Assistance Treaty

– Nazis invade Poland

– War is declared on Germ

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE CAUSES OF THE WAR

Germany’s desire for revenge after the WW1

The economic depression and the rise of totalitarian regimes

Imperialistic and militaristic policies of Germany, Italy and Japan

The League of Nations failed to put a stop to these aggressive policies

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE WAR (1939-1945)

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

Combatants: ALLIES:Led by France and UK. AXIS POWERS:led by Germany

and Italy THE FIRST STAGE (1939-1941) LIGHTNING WAR OR BLITZKRIEG (GUERRA RELÁMPAGO) The nazis conquered most of Western Europe: Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Low Countries and France Only UK managed to stop German advancement. Battle of Britain The Nazis started the invasion of Russia reaching Moscow and Stalingrad (Barbarossa Operation1941), were they were defeated after several months. THE SECOND STAGE (1942-1945) 1941: Japan destroyed the American fleet at Pearl Harbour USA joined the war and the fortunes of the Axis powers began to change Italy was invaded from Africa by the Allies July 1943 1944: The Normandy invasion. Allies occupied France, Belgium and part of Germany. The Red Army coming from the east entered Berlin in April 1945 In August 1945, after the USA’s nuclear attack on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrendered and the Second World War came to an end

THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR The conflict caused 55 million deaths and a huge number of wounded military

and civilians victims.

The cruelty, the genocide and the nuclear threat left a profund mark on the

conscience of humanity

Germany was divided into occupation zones and so was Berlin (British, French , Soviet and American)

Japan was occupied by the USA

The USSR enlarged its frontiers and occupied various countries in Eastern Europe

UN (United Nations) was created to mantain international peace and protect human rigths

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

GERMAN NAZISM: ADOLF HITLER

What do you think that are the three most important aspects of Hitler´s biography? Homework: search information and answer these questions:

– When does Hitler write Mein Kampf ( My struggle)? What is his main idea?

– How does Hitler get to power?

– Who are their main “enemies” ?

– What are the SS and the SA ?

– What are the main achievements of nazism? How did they do it?

– What is the Anschluss?

Adolf Hitler as a soldier during the First World War (1914–1918)

Isabel Torralbo Talavera