fauna of monogenean trematods - parasites in bleak ... congress poceedings/stojanovski et...

Fauna of monogenean trematods - parasites in bleak Alburnus alburnus belvica Karaman, 1924...

281Proceedings of the 2nd Congress of Ecologists of Macedonia

Introduction

The Lake Prespa is situated in south-western part ofMacedonia. It is divided on 2 parts: Macro and Mi-cro Prespa. It has an average depth of 18,74 m andthe biggest is 54,2 m. The lake has several small riv-ers as tributaries. The water sinks at the abyss Zavir,in Small Prespa. According by its trophic state, it ison the bounder between oligotrophic and mesotrophic(Naumovski et al. 1997). The surface level of the lakeis significantly decreased in the last decade, becauseof long-term dried period that leads to eutrophica-tion. Thus, in 1992, comparing to the average, LakePrespa water level was 4,15 m, and even 6,6 m lowerin relation to the maximal level. The lake, which wasformed in pliocen is old as Lake Ohrid and is richwith endemic species, from the low plants and inver-tebrates, as well as among the fishes.Monogenean trematods have a great importance inthe fish pathology. Certain species cause very seriousdiseases of fishes, particularly in the young ones. Agreat number of monogenean species has very clear

FAUNA OF MONOGENEAN TREMATODS - PARASITES IN BLEAKAlburnus alburnus belvica Karaman, 1924 (PISCES: CYPRINIDAE)

FROM THE LAKE PRESPA (MACEDONIA)

Stojmir STOJANOVSKI1, Nikola HRISTOVSKI2, Predrag CAKI]3,Mi{o HRISTOVSKI4 & R. A. BAKER5

1. Hydrobiological Institute, Ohrid, R. Macedonia;2. Faculty of Biotechnical Sciences, Bitola, R. Macedonia;

3. Institute of Biological Researches, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro;4. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Skopje, R. Macedonia;

5. School of Biology, University of Leeds, UK

ABSTRACT

Stojanovski S., Hristovski N., Caki} P., Hristovski M. & Baker R.A. (2004). Fauna of monogenean trematods- parasites in bleak Alburnus alburnus belvica Karaman, 1924 (pisces: Cyprinidae) from the Lake Prespa (Mace-donia). Proceedings of the 2nd Congress of Ecologists of the Republic of Macedonia with International Participa-tion, 25-29.10.2003, Ohrid. Special issues of Macedonian Ecological Society, Vol. 6, Skopje.During the parasitological investigations on the fishes from the Lake Prespa (Macedonia), in bleak (Alburnusalburnus belvica Karaman, 1924) are found 4 species of the class Monogenea: Dactylogyrus alatus f. typica,Dactylogyrus minor, Diplozoon paradoxum and Paradiplozoon alburni. Totally are examined 174 fish specimens,of which 72 specimens (41,38%) are infested. Prevalence is the highest with Dactylogyrus alatus f. typica (22,41%of the total number of examined bleaks are infested), then Dactylogyrus minor (17,24%), then Diplozoon para-doxum and Paradiplozoon alburni (3,45% each one). The average intensity of infestation is the highest in thecases of infestation with: Dactylogyrus minor (5,0), then Dactylogyrus alatus f. typica (3,77), then Diplozoonparadoxum and Paradiplozoon alburni (1 each one).The greatest pathological influence is associated with the monogeneans Diplozoon paradoxum and Paradiplozoonalburni.All monogenean species represents the first record for the parasite fauna of fishes in Macedonia.

speciality to a respective host - fish or a narrow circleof related hosts. Monogenean trematods are present-ed in a vast number in the environment, because oftheir being ectoparasites, they are even more subjectto changes of the physical-chemical characteristics ofthe aquatic habitat, which they have to adjust to.Monogenean trematods could be a sensitive indica-tor for the changes of the lake' ecosystems, becausethe data about their prevalence and intensity of infes-tation, together with the knowledge of the biology ofparasites reveal on the health of the environment.Hristovski (1975), who found 9 species of helminthsat fishes from Lake Prespa, carried out primarily in-vestigations on the parasite fauna of the fishes. Fur-ther investigations were carried out by Hristovski andStojanovski (1983, 1984, 1989, 1997, 2000, 2001).Dupont and Lambert (1986), investigating the fishesfrom Lake Mikro Prespa (Greece) found the followeddactylogyrid species: Dactylogyrus alatus, D.anchoratus, D. balkanicus n.sp., D. caucasicus, D.chondrostomi, D. crivellius n.sp., D. dyki, D. elegantis,D. erhardovae, D. ergensi, D. extensus, D.

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282 Zbornik na trudovi od 2-ot Kongres na ekolozite na Makedonija

folkmanovae, D. minor, D. prespensis n.sp., , D.prostae, D. sphyrna and D. vistulae D. vistulae. Duringthat, 3 species of dactylogyrids: D. balkanicus n.sp.,D. crivellius n.sp. and D. prespensis n.sp. dyki inBarbus cyclolepis prespensis are new to the sciencegenerally.

Materials and methods

Fish material was sampled over several years, fromthe Macedonian part of Lake Prespa. Fishing was car-ried out by seasons, in the period from spring 2000 tospring 2002.Fishes were subjected to the routine methods of iden-tification, dissection and observation (Hotenovsky1985, Stojanovski 2003), during that is important thefact that fishes for investigations should be fresh.Cleaned parasites were separated and put in certainfixatives, prepared for determination with determinedtechniques of staining and clearing.For an identification of the parasite species we usedthe following keys: Bauer, (1985, 1987) and Hoten-ovsky (1985). The most successful preparations forevery parasite species are photographed and dis-played.

Results and discussion

The presence of 4 species of the class Monogenea isestablished: Dactylogyrus alatus f. typica (Fig. 2),Dactylogyrus minor (Fig. 3), Diplozoon paradoxum(Fig. 4) and Paradiplozoon alburni (Fig. 5).Bleak (Alburnus alburnus belvica Karaman, 1924) -A total prevalence with monogeneans is 41,38 %, i.e.72 infested fishes of 174 examined The mean intensityof infestation is 4,25. 4 monogenean species are found:Dactylogyrus alatus f. typica in 39 fishes (22,41 %),with intensity of infestation of 3,77; Dactylogyrusminor in 30 fishes (17,24%) with intensity ofinfestation of 5,0; Diplozoon paradoxum andParadiplozoon alburni in 6 roaches each one (3,45%) with intensity of infestation of 1,0 (Table 1).Results of determination of the Fulton's conditioncoeficient among infested and uninfested fishes fromthe Lake Prespa show that it is 0,95 at uninfestedfishes, while at infested is 0,93. These data reveal theinfluence of monogenean trematods, and parasites ingeneral, on the health and conditional state of fishes,and are confirmed by a great number of investigatorsin the world.The highest prevalence and intensity of infestationwith monogeneans in the Lake Prespa' fishes occur

Fig. 1. Photographic review of the Lake Prespa.

Fig. 2-a.Dactylogyrus alatus f. typica - adhesive disk (original), x 360

Fig. 2-b.Dactylogyrus alatus f. typica - copulatory organ (original), x 400



during the spring (75,0 %) and summer (21,43 %),because of the spawning. This conclusion complieswith the findings of Thomas (1964), who, likewise,holds the opinion that maximum prevalence and in-tensity of parasites occur in the course of a vernalperiod. Alongside that, he emphasizes 3 factors be-cause of which the female trout are physiologicallyless resistant to parasites during the spawning period:weaker condition, stress and disruption in the produc-tion of estrogen. Also, after the winter period, whichis a latent period, the vernal period provides betterconditions for development and reproduction of theparasites, which is mainly why they increase in num-ber (Tab. 1).The greatest pathological influence is associated withthe monogeneans Diplozoon paradoxum and Parad-iplozoon alburni. But, other monogenean trematodstoo, when are met in enough number, act negativelyon the health and condition of fish.

The monogenean fauna of fishes from the Lake Prespais in common with that of the fishes of correspondingfamilies from the Balkan Peninsula and more widely(Bauer, 1985; Bihovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al. 1962;Vasiljkov 1983; Dupont and Lambert 1986;Kaka~eva-Avramova 1983; Nedeva-Menkova 1991,1999; Caki} 1992; Ergens 1960; 1970; Ki{karoly1982, 1987; Ki{karoly and Tafro 1988; Stojanovski1997, 2003).All monogenean species mentioned in this paperrepresent the first record for the fishes fromMacedonia.

Fig. 3-a.Dactylogyrus minor - adhesive disk (original), x 320

Fig. 3-b.Dactylogyrus minor - copulatory organ (original), x 340

Fig. 4-a.Diplozoon paradoxum - clapms (original),x 200

Fig. 4-b.Diplozoon paradoxum - egg (original), x 160

Fig. 4-c.Diplozoon paradoxum - widening of themiddle part (original), x 63

a)

c)

b)

Stojmir STOJANOVSKI et al.

284 Zbornik na trudovi od 2-ot Kongres na ekolozite na Makedonija

Tab. 1. Prevalence and intensity of infestation with monogenean trematods in bleak (Alburnus alburnus belvicaKaraman, 1924) from the Lake Prespa.

Tab. 1. Ekstenzitet i intenzitet na infestacija so monogeni trematodi kaj nivi~kata (Albur-nus alburnus belvica Karaman, 1924) od Prespanskoto Ezero.

Fig. 5-a.Paradiplozoon alburni - clamps (original), x 160Fig. 5-b.Paradiplozoon alburni - clamps (original), x 280



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