FCE-B FINAL PROJECT

María José Berrueta O.

Unit 1

•Question forms•Prepositions of place, time and movement.

QUESTION FORMS• INDIRECT QUESTIONS Indirect questions use statement word order.They are often used to be more polite ortentative when you’re asking a question.• There are common ways to start a indirect

question:I’d like to knowCould you tell me Would you mind telling me Do you know

Wh questions• To change Wh-questions (direct questions) using the be verb to indirect

questions, the word order changes. The be verb now comes after the noun and we add in front of the wh-question word one of the following expressions --- could you tell me, do you know...Example:

• what’s your name? could you tell me what your name is?• Where’s the museum? do you know where the museum is?

Do/does/did questions

• If the direct question contains do, does or did, we omit it in the indirect question.

Examples:• What do you want? Can you tell me what you want?• When did she leave? Do you know when she left?

Yes/no questions

Have a depend clause that begins with: if, wether

Example:I would like to know if i passed the testCould you tell me wheter the yankees won

Prepositions of place, time and movement• Prepositions are a class of words that indicate relationships between

nouns, pronouns and other words in a sentence.Place:• At: a point in space where something happens• In: something takes place inside, to show position within land-areas. • on: something taking place on something, position on streets, roads,

etc.Examples:Someone is at the doorI used to live on Portland Street.The dog is in the garden

• Prepositions of time:• At: clock times, points in time, weekends, holidays.• In: months, years, seasons, centuries, parts of the

day, point of time during a period.• On: specific days & dates.Examples:1.The meeting begins at 3 o’clock.2.She was born in 1990.3.I go to the church on sundays.

Prepositions of movement• At: use it with arrive, to show the person/thing the action is aimed at.• To: use it with verbs of movement(come, go, travel, run, send, take,

walk, etc)• Into: use it with verbs that mean “to move from otside to an inside

area”• Towards: it means moving or pointing in a particular direction• At the end: final point or part• In the end: it means finally after a long time

Examples:I walk to school everyday.At the end of the day they were tired.She felt sick so she got into the bed.

Unit 2

• Present simple & present continuous

• Modifiers

Present simple• Use it with routine or repeated actions• In time clauses with a future meaning after when, as soon as,

if, until.• When we talk about permanent situations• When we talk about the future as expressed in timetables,

regulations and programmes• With scientific facts• In spoken instructions, sports commentaries, jokes and

formal letters.Examples:My dad goes to the gym everydayThe tour starts at 11:00 pm

Present continuous• Temporary situations• Changing Actions happening now• developing situations• Plans and arrangements in the future• Annoying or surprising habbits with alwaysExamples:I think she’s readingMy love is getting biggerI’m planning the best party ever

modifiersLESS TO MORE• Fairly: modifies adjectives and adverbs. More than average, less than

very.Example: it’s fairly a good option but not the best• Quite: a little or a lot but not completely.Example: he’s quite intelligent but not what i call brilliant• Pretty: it suggest more than was expected.Example: it’s pretty far to go now• A bit: it has the same meaning as little.Example: he’s a bit young to travel alone• Really: is used to show emphasisExample: he’s really handsome• Extremely: used in a similar way to very, but stronger than very.Example: that was an extremely embarrasing moment

Unit 3

• Types of comparison

• Reflexives & own

Types of comparison• To a higher degree (comparative form + than)Example: jacob is better than edward :P• To the same degree(as…as)Example: Edward is as polite as he was the last film• To a lower degree: (with less+than and the least)Example: robert is less handsome than joe• Not as…as: to compare things which are differentExample: the book is not as good as the film• As…as: to compare things which are the sameExample: i’m as intelligent as my brother.

**Reflexives:Uses• When the object is the same person/thing as the subject.• When you want to emphasise the subject or object.• With by to mean aloneExamples: I purpose myself to have good grades my sister study by herself**own :• To mean without the help of others• To mean alone• To mean “belonging to no other person”Examples: i did the homework on my own i don’t mind being at my house on my own

Unit 4

• Narrative tenses

• Time conjunctions

Narratives sentences**********Past simple: (verb+-ed)• To talk about events in the past that are now finished• To talk about habits in the past• To talk about situations in the past• In reported speechI arrived to the party and then dance all the night.**********past continuous: (was/were + -ing)• To talk about actions in progress in the past• To talk about temporary situations in the past• To talk about anticipated events that did not happen• To talk about an event which was in progress when another event

happen• To talk about situations in progress at the same time in the pastI was singing when my brother got into the room

• ****Past perfect simple(had+past participle)Uses• To refer to a time earlier than another past time• In reported speechExample:He said he had already done the homework• ****Past perfect continuous(had been + -ing)Uses• To talk about actions or situations which had continued up to

the past moment that we are thinking about.Example:I thinked about study today because i had been having bad grades.

Time conjunctions• While, when & as: Introduce an action which is going on

while something else happens.***while: describes 2 longer actions or situations going on at

the same timeExample: while i was doing homework, my mom was

watching t.v.***as: to talk about 2 situations which develop or change

together.Example: as the school pass, i’m more tired***when: often used to talk about periods of lifeExample: when i was in elementary school my cousin used to

lived here.

• Eventually and finally:Both mean “in the end”. They are used to say that something

happens after a long time or a lot of effort.Examples:*After 3 hours waiting finally the doctor told us the news*after 2 hours doing the exam jack eventually got a 10

• At first & to begin with:They refer to the beginning of a situation, to make contrast

with something different that happens later.*at first i was happy in the school, but then it becomes

boring.

• As soon as/thenThey are used to talk about 2 actions that happen very quickly, one

after the other.Example:**as soon as i saw him, i asked him for a picture• By the time:It means “not later than” it’s used before a verbExample:**I will be ready to the party by the time you get home• After, afterwards, after thatIt means when you’ve done something or something has finishedExamples:**we are going to a party and afterwards we’re going to a resaturant**we are going to a party. After that we’re going to a restaurant**after going to a party, we’re going to a restaurant.

Unit 5

• Modals

• Used to and would

modals• Can: we use can to ask or give permission**Can i go to a party this weekend?• Could: to ask for permission when you are not sure what

the answer will be**could i go to a trip with my friends?• May: to ask for or give permission in formal situations**may I go to the restroom?• Ought to/should: to talk about obligations and duties in the

future, present and past **this is how it ought to be

• Must: *talk about present and future strong obligations and

necessities that come from the speaker.*ask about what the listener wants you to do*tell people not to do thingsExample: you must do all the homework to get a 10

• Needn’t, don’t need to and don’t have to*to talk about a lack of obligation in the present or

future Example: you don’t have to do your homework today

we don’t have school tomorrow.

• Used to ( used to + verb) :• Past habit that no longer exists*I used to go to the park everyday but now i have a lot of

homewor

• Be/get used to(be/get used to + gerund or noun):• Be or become accustomed to something because you’ve

doing it for a while*i’m used to waking up early

• Would: • past habits and repeated actions*when i was in guadalajara, i would go to the mall everyday.