f;dr;=re wkdjrkh iy yqjudrej - adb

m%;spl%SlrKh lrk ,o lvodisj, uqøKh lrk ,§’

fmdÿ

ikaksfõok

m%;sm;a;sh 2011

f;dr;=re wkdjrKh iy yqjudrej

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<sn|j

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ oelau jkafka È<s÷lñka f;dr wdishd iy Ydka;slr l,dmhls’ tys fufyjr

jkafka ish idudðl rgj,g Tjqkaf.a ck;djf.a È<s÷lu my; fy<Sug;a” Ôjk ;;a;ajh Wiia lsÍug;a

WmldÍ ùuhs’ fuu l,dmh fndfyda ch.%yK ,nd ;snqK;a” th ;ju;a f,dalfha È<s÷ ckhdf.ka ;=fkka

follgu ksjyk ù mj;S’ Èklg fvd,¾ 2lg wvq uqo,lska Ôj;a jk ck;dj fldaá 180la fuys fjfik

w;r” ck;dj 90 fldaá 30 ,laIhla Èklg fvd,¾ 1’25lg wvq uqo,lska Ôj;a ùfï igkl fh§ isá;s’

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j i¾j.%dyl wd¾:sl j¾Okh” mdßißl jYfhka ;sridr jQ j¾Okh” iy

l,dmSh jYfhka taldnoaO ùu yryd È<s÷lu wvq lsÍug wemlem ù isà’ th ueks,d kqjr flakaøia:dkh

fldg f.k we;s w;r” idudðl rgj,a 67la tys ysñldß;ajh or;s’ bka 48la l,dmh ;=<u msysgd we;s

tajd h’ tys ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rdcHkag Wmldr lsÍfï Wml%u jkafka m%;sm;a;s ixjdo”

Khuqo,a” jHdmdr jia;=j, wdfhdackh” wemlr” m%odkhka” iy ;dlaIKsl iydh hk fïjd h’

ms,smSkfhaoS uqøKh lrK ,§

Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City1550 Metro Manila, Philippines ISBN 978-92-9092-780-8m%ldYk j¾. wxlh( RPT124858

fmdÿ

ikaksfõok

m%;sm;a;sh 2011

f;dr;=re wkdjrKh yd yqjudrej


© 2011 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

ishÆ ysñlï weúßKs' 2011 j¾Ifha§ m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,§' ms,smSkfha§ uqøKh lrk ,§'

ISBN 978-92-9092-780-8 (uqøK)ISBN 978-92-9092-781-5 (PDF)m%ldYk f;d. wxlh( RPT124858

m%ldYkfha§ kdudj,slrK o;a;

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j' fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh 2011( f;dr;=re wkdjrKh yd yqjudrej' uekavÆfhdax k.rh" ms,smSkh( wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j" 2011'

1' f;dr;=re wkdjrKh' 2' f;dr;=re yqjudrej' 3' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j' I' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j'

fuu ,sheú,a, ;=< hï lsis foaY N+ñhla fyda N+f.da,Sh m%foaYhla kï lsÍfuka fyda wjOdkh fhduq lsÍfuka" tfia;a ke; fyd;a “rg” hk jok Ndú;d lsÍfuka wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tu foaYN+ñh fyda m%foaYh ms<sn| kS;suh fyda fjk;a ;rd;srula ms<sn| úksYaphka lsÍug woyia fkdlrhs'

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ l;D;ajh i|yka lrñka" iyuq,skau mqoa.,sl yd jdKsc fkdjk Ndú;h i|yd fuys f;dr;=re uqøKh lsÍu fyda msgm;a lr .ekSu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska Èß .kajkq ,efí' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ m%ldYj;a yd ,sÅ; leue;a; ,nd fkdf.k jdKscuh mrud¾:hka i|yd fuys f;dr;=re h,s úlsKSu h,s fnod yeÍu" fyda jHq;amkak lD;s ks¾udKh lsÍu tajd Ndú;d lrk ljrl=g jqjo ;ykï h'

igyk( fuu m%ldYkfhys fvd,¾ ^$& hkafkka wefußldkq fvd,¾ woyia flf¾'

Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City1550 Metro Manila, Philippines ÿrl:k wxlh +63 2 632 4444 *elaia wxlh +63 2 636 2444 fjí wvúh www.adb.org

jeä f;dr;=re i|yd lreKdlrndysr in|;d fomd¾;fïka;=fõ uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrK tallh (InfoUnit) wu;kak'*elaia wxlh +63 2 636 2649fjí wvúh [email protected]

jeäÿr lshùu i|yd( http://www.adb.org/Disclosure

fuh 2011 Tlaf;dan¾ ui 25 Èk wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ wOHCI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o ks, m%;sm;a;s ,sheú,af,a h;=re,shkh lrk ,o msgm;ls'

"jvd mq¿,a Y%djl iy mdGl msßila fj; <Õd ùu i|yd fuu ,smsh bx.%Sisfhka mßj¾;kh lr we;' mßj¾;kfha ksrjoH;dj ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska (ADB) yels W;aidyhka f.k we;s w;r" ADB ys ld¾hh lghq;= lrk NdIdj bx.%Sis jk neúka fuu ,smsfha uQ,sl bx.%Sis msgm; muKla i;H" ^tkï" ks, iy úYajdi l< yels& fõ' ´kEu WmyrKhla fuu ,smsfha uQ,sl

bx.%Sis msgm; yd iïnkaO úh hq;=h'"

m%;spl%SlrKh lrk ,o lvodis u; uqøKh lrk ,§'

iii

flá fhÿï iv joka ud,dj v iudf,dapk lKavdhu vi úOdhl idrdxYh 1

1 ye¢kaùu 5

2 fmdÿ ikaksfõokhka ms<sn| wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= w;aoelSu 6 m%;sm;a;sfha wruqK 6 m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn| we.ehSu 6

3 fmdÿ ikaksfõokfhys uE;ld,Sk f.da,Sh m%jK;d 9

4 2005 m%;sm;a;sh fj; fhdað; ÈhqKq lsÍu 10

5 m%;sm;a;sh 12

6 wkdjrK úia;r 14 foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾. yd l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d Wmdhud¾. 14 jHdmD;s iy jevigyka 15 jHdmD;s iy jevigykaj,g wod< fjk;a f;dr;=re 19 m%;sm;a;s iy Wmdhud¾. 20 fufyhqï kS;sÍ;s yd ld¾hmámdá 20 fjk;a f;dr;=re 20 mQ¾jdkqñ; wkdjrKfha jHd;sf¾Lhka 23

7 uyck ikaksfõokfha m%fõYh 26 b,lal .%dylfhda 26 b,lal .%dylhka fj; <.dùfï m%fõYhka 26 mßj¾;kh 27

8 l%shd;aul lsÍfï úêúOdk 28 ld¾h Ndrhka yd j.lSu 28 f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaG ùfï ld¾hmámdá 30 wëlaIKh yd jd¾;dlrKh 32 m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul jk Èkh iy m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapkh 33

9 iïm;a n,mEï 34

10 wkql+,;d iudf,dapkh 35

Wm.%ka:h

1' ndysr WmfoaYl;aj l%shdj,sh' 36

2' fjk;a nyqmd¾Yaúl ixj¾Ok nexl=j, f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu 38

3' 2005 fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh" m%isoaO ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapkfha R- ,sheú,a," iy f,dal nexl=fõ iy wka;¾ wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh ms<sn| m%;sm;a;s ikaikaokh lsÍu 43

4' fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh i|yd jQ m%;sM, rduqieleiau 49

5' mßj¾;lf.a igyka

mgqk fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh 2011

iv

fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh 2011

flá fhÿï

DB - Asian Development Bank wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

ADF - Asian Development Fund wdishdkq ixj¾Ok wruqo,

AfDB - African Development Bank wm%sldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

CPS - country partnership strategy foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾.h

DEC - Development Effectiveness Committee ixj¾Ok ld¾hidOl;aj lñgqj

DER - Department of External Relations ndysr in|;d ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j

DMC - developing member country ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rg

EBRD - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development kej; f.dvke.Su yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| hqfrdamSh nexl=j

EIA - environmental impact assessment mdßißl n,mEï ;lafiarej

EIB - European Investment Bank hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=j

IAP - independent appeals panel iajdëk wNshdpkd uvq,a,

IDB - Inter-American Development Bank wka;¾ wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

IED - Independent Evaluation Department iajdëk we.hqï fomd¾;fïka;=j

IEE - initial environmental examination uQ,sl mdßißl mÍlaIdj

IFC - International Finance Corporation cd;Hka;r uQ,H ixia:dj

IPP - indigenous peoples plan iajfoaYSh ck;d ie,eiau

IPSA - initial poverty and social analysis uQ,sl oßø;d iy iudchSh úYaf,aIKh

MIGA - Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency nyqmd¾Yaúl wdfhdack wemlr ksfhdað;dh;kh

NGO - nongovernment organization rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkh

OAI - Office of Anticorruption and Integrity ¥IK úfrdaë yd wjxl;aj ld¾hd,h

PDS - project data sheet jHdmD;s o;a; m;%sldj

PDAC - Public Disclosure Advisory Committee uyck wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj

PIDU Public Information and Disclosure Unit uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrK tallh

RCS - regional cooperation strategy l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d Wmdhud¾.h

RRP - Report and recommendation of the President iNdm;sjrhdf.a jd¾;dj iy ks¾foaYh

TA - technical assistance ;dlaIKsl iydh

v


mdßNdIsl Yío ud,dj

n,mEug ,la jQ ck;dj - wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ÂDB& úiska wdOdr lrk ,o jHdmD;shlska fyda jevigyklska ys;lr fyda wys;lr f,i n,mEug ,la ùug bv we;s ck;dj'

uKav,h - wkHldrhlska ú.%y fldg fkdue;s kï" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fjys wOHlaI uKav,h ñka woyia flf¾'

Kh .ekqïlre - rdcH jHdmD;shla iïnkaOfhka jQ úg" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= wdOdr ,nkakl= f,i woyia flf¾'

fiajd,dNshd - rdcH$rdcH fkdjk jHdmD;shla iïnkaOfhka jQ úg" Kh.ekqïlre" wemlr m%;s,dNshd" wruqo,a l<ukdldr" wdfhdack,dNshd" fyda ta iudk wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska Kh fokq ,nk" wem jkq ,nk" fyda wdfhdack ,nk wdh;khla ñka woyia flf¾'

iïmQ¾K lsÍu - ,sheú,a,la iïnkaOfhka jQ úg" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ th ms<sfh< lsÍu i|yd j. lshk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ wjYH;d imqrd,k wÈhro we;=¿j" tu wÈhr olajd jQ ms<sfh< lsÍu ñka woyia flf¾'

wjidk jd¾;dj - î& wjidk jd¾;djla jYfhka wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fj; úêu;a f,i bÈßm;a lr we;s" ̂ ii& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= wdOdr ,nk jHdmD;shla fyda jevigykla ms<sfh, lrkq msKsi Ndú;d lsÍug wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ks¾Kh fldg we;s" iy îii& ;jÿrg;a fjkialï wjYH fkdjk jd¾;djla

rdcH$ rdcH fkdjk jHdmD;sh - î& idudðl rgla fyda rchla úiska wem fkdjk ,o fyda

îi& wem jk ,o ;eke;a;d úiska f.ùu meyer yer we;s wjia:djl wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j yd wod< iïnkaê; rdcH w;r wka ljr fyda Khla fyda wemhla iS.% lsÍug" w;aysgqùug fyda wj,x.= lsÍug wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg bv ,nd fkdfok kshuhka hgf;a idudðl rdcHla fyda wdKavqjla úiska wem jk ,o(

Khla" wemhla" iufldgia wdfhdackhla fyda fjk;a uQ,H úêúOdkhka u.ska uqo,a ,nd fokq ,nk ́ kEu jHdmD;shla

rdcH jHdmD;sh - î& idudðl rdcHlg ,nd fok" fyda

îi& idudðl rgla úiska wem jk ,o Khla" m%odkhla fyda fjk;a uQ,HlrK úêúOdk u.ska uQ,HlrKh lrk ,o ljr fyda jHdmD;shla

l,ays - wkque;sh §u" ixirKh lsÍu" iïmQ¾K lsÍu" wkqu; lsÍu" wkqika ;eîu" idlÉPd lsÍu" ksl=;a lsÍu" Ndr .ekSu fyda Ndr §u “l,ayS” hkafkka woyia lrkafka tfia wkque;sh §u" ixirKh lsÍu" iïmQ¾K lsÍu" wkqu; lsÍu" wkqika ;eîu" idlÉPd lsÍu" ksl=;a lsÍu" Ndr .ekSu fyda Ndr §u isÿ jQ jydu idOdrK f,i m%dfhda.sl f,i yels ;rï blauKska iy tu Èkhg miq i;s follg ^,s;a Èk 14lg& fkdjeä ld,hla ;=< hkakhs'

vi

fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh 2011 iudf,dapk lKavdhu

Review Group

kshuq lñgqj wd¾'tï' k.a" l<ukdldr wOHlaI ckrd,a iy iNdm;s

wd¾'t,a'à' fvdaika" f,alï" f,alï ld¾hd,h

fÊ'tÉ' fydõ,kaâ" m%Odk wkqYdil"

m%Odk wkqYdil ld¾hd,h ^OGC&

fla' ildhs" wOHlaI ckrd,a" Wmdhud¾. yd m%;sm;a;s

fomd¾;fïka;=j

mS'iS' w¾lahq.d" wOHlaI ckrd,a" fm!oa.,sl wxY fufyhqï

fomd¾;fïka;=j

fÊ' ñ/kavd" wOHlaI ckrd,a" uOHu yd ol=Kq wdishd

fomd¾;fïka;=j

tlaia' hdfjda" wOHlaI ckrd,a" l,dmSh yd ;sridr ixj¾Ok

fomd¾;fïka;=j

ta' lafjdka" m%Odk wOHlaI" ndysr in|;d fomd¾;fïka;=j

^DER&

iudf,dapk m%OdkS ta' lafjdka" m%Odk wOHlaI" ndysr in|;d fomd¾;fïka;=j

^DER&

WmfoaYl tia' fyda" m%Odk ndysr in|;d úfYaI{" DER

lKavdhï kdhl ã' frdÉ" ikaksfõok úfYaI{ ^f;dr;=re wkdjrK&" DER

lKavdhï idudðlfhda t,a'à' kei¾fnfldajd" fÊIaG wkqYdil" OGC

fla' u,alaùks" fÊIaG wkqYdil" OGC

tia' yQm¾" fÊIaG ikaksfõok úfYaI{" DER

tka'ta'iS' ú,dÆia" ikaksfõok ks,Odß ^f;dr;=re wkdjrK& DER

wd¾'mS'tia' udfudafkdx" iydh ikaksfõok iïnkaëldrl

^f;dr;=re wkdjrK&" DER

1

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ

^ADB& fmdÿ ikaksfõok

m%;sm;a;sh wdh;kfha m%h;akhka

úksúoNdjfhka yd j.lSfuka

hq;=j ;u fiajh ,nk ck;djg ,nd §ug

ud¾f.damfoaYlhla jkakd jQ iÔù ,sheú,a,ls'

ixj¾Ok ld¾hidOl;ajh i|yd úksúoNdjh yd

j.ùu w;HdjYH nj fuu m%;sm;a;sh ms<s .kS'

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tys fldgialrejkaf.a

wjYH;djka ms<sn|j fkdokS kï iy tfiau

l,dmh ;=< wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ

ld¾hNdrh yd fufyhqï ms<sn|j fldgialrejkag

wjfndaOhla ke;s kï yd Tjqka thg iyfhda.h

fokafka ke;s kï" oßø;djfhka f;dr wdishdjla

yd Ydka;slrhla Wod lsÍu i|yd jQ wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ o¾Ykh idlaId;a lr .;

fkdyels h'

2005 m%;sm;a;sh u.ska f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu

fukau ndysr in|;d o wdjrKh lrkq ,nhs'

tu.ska th wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= idudðlhska"

u; fufyhjkakka" ;SrK .kakka" isú,a iudch"

úoaj;=ka" ckudOH" iy wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=

l%shdldrlïj, n,mEug ,lajkakka oekqj;a

lsÍu yd iïnkaO lr .ekSu i|yd jQ mßmQ¾K

ud¾f.damfoaY ,sheú,a,la njg m;a flf¾'

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ wdh;ksl md,kfha

w;HdjYH fldgila jk fuu m%;sm;a;sh u.ska

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fjys fufyhqï ms<sn|

f;dr;=re b,a,Sug" f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh

,nd .ekSug" yd fnod §ug ck;djg whs;sh

ms<s .efka' tfukau th úksúoNdjh yd j.ùu

m%j¾Okh lsÍu yd wjidkfha wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=fõ ixj¾Ok ld¾hidOl;ajh ÈhqKq lsÍu

iïnkaOfhka ikaksfõokfha ld¾hNdrh úoyd

olajhs'

2005 m%;sm;a;sfha iudf,dapkh' 2005 m%;sm;a;sh

wkqj" th l%shd;aul jQ Èkhg j¾I 5lg miqj"

úOdhl idrdxYhfmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh 2011

mßmQ¾K iudf,dapkhla isÿ l< hq;=h' ta wkqj"

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j 2010 fmnrjdß

udifha§ fuu m%;sm;a;sfha iM, nj ;lafiare

fldg th jeä ÈhqKq yd Yla;su;a lrkq msKsi

wjYH mßÈ fjkialï ks¾foaY lsÍu i|yd

iudf,dapkhla Èh;a lrk ,§' Wkkaÿjla olajk

;eke;a;ka yd ixúOdk fuu iudf,dapkhg

iyNd.s lrjk ,§' 2010 cQks yd fkdjeïn¾

udij,§ WmfoaYk flgqïm;a uqod yßk ,§'

wdishd iy Ydka;slr l,dmh ;=< iy bka msg;

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= idudðl foaYhka

.Kkdjla ;=< mq¿,a mrdihl fldgialrejka

iuÕ m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn|j §¾> idlÉPd mj;ajk

,§' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish ld¾hidOkh

yd ikaksfõokhka ms<sn|j ish fldgialrejka

^mrÿ orkakka& f.a ixcdkkhka ^wjfndaO lr

.kakd wdldr& ukskq msKsi Tjqka ms<sn|j f.da,Sh

iólaIK folla isÿ lf<ah' ,enqKq wNHka;r

yd ndysr woyiao" f.da,Sh ixcdkk iólaIKj,

m%;sM,o fuu m;%sldj u.ska ie,ls,a,g ,la lrkq

,efí'

2005 m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| w;aoelSï' 2005 wfm%a,a

udifha fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh iïu; l<

wjia:dfõ§ th m%.;sYS,S hehso" nyqmd¾Yaúl

ixj¾Ok nexl= w;r úYsIag;u ms<sfj;a

wxYfhka bÈßfhkau we;s hehso i,lk ,§'

tjla mgka wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish m%isoaO

ikaksfõokfhys iqúfYaIS bÈß mshjrhka ;nd

we;'

fuu m%;sm;a;sh wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ;=<

fldf;la úYd, ixialD;sl úm¾hdihla we;s

lr ;sfío h;a” j¾;udkfha ishÆ wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl= jHdmD;s i|yd iïu; fufyhqï

ld¾hmámdáfhys f;dr;=re wkdjrKh jeo.;a

ia:dkhla orhs’ jka j¾,aâ g%iaÜ’ ^tlu f,dj

Ndrh& kue;s ixúOdkh úiska m%ldYhg m;a lrk

,o 2007 .af,dan,a wlõkagì,sá ßfmdaÜ ^f.da,Sh

2


j.ùï jd¾;dj& ;=< wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg

úksúoNdjh ms<sn| hym;a ms<sfj;a i|yd

,l=Kq 100]la ,nd § ;snqKs’ fuu m%;sm;a;shg

rel=,a fok wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ndysr

in|;d Wmdhud¾.h wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ

m%;srEmh by< kexùug;a” tys lghq;= ms<sn|

f;dr;=re fnodyod .ekSug;a iydh ù we;’

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish l<ukdldß;ajh yd

ld¾huKav,h ndysr l%shdldrlï j,§ iy m%uqL

wka;¾cd;sl iuq¿j,§ m%isoaO foaYkj, ksr;

lrùu fya;=fjka ckudOH ;=< ;u m%;srEmh by<

;,hl mj;S’ thg wu;rj” wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl= fjí wvúh ;=< m%o¾Ykh lr we;s ,sheú,s

ixLHdj 2005 j¾Ifha isg 145]lska jeä ù ;sfí’

f;dr;=re i|yd ,enqKq 6000lg wêl b,a,Sï

ixLHdfjka 95]lgu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

f;dr;=re imhd ;snqKs’

fjkia jk mßirh' oekgu;a úYd, m%.;shla

w;a lr f.k ;snqKo” wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

wkd.;fha§ úksúoNdjh wxYfhka ;j;a úYd,

jYfhka j¾Okh ùug wemlem ù isà’ wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=j úksúoNdjh i|yd ;jÿrg;a

fhduq ùu ksid uyck;djf.a wfmalaIdjka by<

kexjqks’ uE;§ wfkl=;a nyqmd¾Yaúl ixj¾Ok

nexl= f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh iïnkaOfhka

f;dr;=rej, úksúoNdjh jeä lrkakd jQ kj

m%;sm;a;s iïu; fldg f.k ;sfí’ fndfyda

wxYj,ska wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j bÈßfhkau

isáho” iuyr wxYhka th miqnd we;s w;r”

f;dr;=re wkdjrKfha§ wfkl=;a ikaikaokd;aul

wdh;k uÜgug f.k wd hq;= h’ tfukau wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=j th bÈßm;a lrk f;dr;=re wod<

ck;dj fj; <.d jk nj ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd

m%h;akhka oeÍu jeä l< hq;= h’ wka;¾cd, iudc

iïnkaO;d yd cx.u ;dlaIKsl WmlrK jeks

kj ;dlaIK yryd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ;u

wfmalaIs; Y%djl ck fldgia i|yd <.d ùfï kj

wjia:djka újD; fõ’ ta iuÕu” fldgialrejka

lKavdhï .Kkdjlg ;dlaIKh fj; m%úIaGh

fkdue;slu ksid jvd;a idïm%odhsl ikaksfõok l%u

w;HdjYHj mj;sk nj wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

y÷kd f.k we;’ 2020 Wmdhud¾.h kue;s 2008

§ wkqu; lrk ,o wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ

§¾> ld,Sk Wmdhud¾.sl rduqj u.ska wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fufyhqï yd l%shdldrlïj,

j.ùu” iyNd.s;ajh” yd úksúo Ndjh hkdÈfha

jeo.;alu oelafõ’

fmdÿ m%fõYh iy l%shd;aul lsÍu ikd: lsÍu' m%;sm;a;sh uQ,sl jYfhka fyd| nj;a” fyd¢ka

l%shd;aul lrk ,o nj;a iudf,dapkh u.ska

ks.ukh lrk ,§’ ta wkqj m%;sm;a;sfha fhduqj

fjkia fkdjkq we;’

m%;sm;a;sh hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=j úYsIaG;u mßph ^ms<sfj;& wxYfhka

bÈßfhkau ;nkq msKsi fjkialï wjYH jk wxY

5la fuu iudf,dapkfha§ y÷kd f.k we;’ m%d:ñl

m%;sfYdaOkhka my; wdldrfhka fjhs(

î& iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,hla tla lsÍu' m%;slafIam lrk ,o b,a,Sï i|yd jQ

wNHka;r wNshdpkd hdka;%Kh jk

"fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj" g

wu;rj” wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska

wNshdpkd l%shdj,sfha úYajdijka;Ndjh

yd l%shdldß;ajh j¾Okh lrk fojk

uÜgula jYfhka iajdëk wNshdpkd

uvq,a,’ y÷kajd fokq we;’

îi& jHd;sf¾Lhka meyeÈ,s lsÍu' wkdjrK

jHd;sf¾Lhka ^wkdjrKhg wh;a fkdjk

tajd& ,ehsia;=j meyeÈ,s lrkq ,en we;’

wkdjrKfhka ksoyia flfrk f;dr;=re

m%fNao 7la úoyd olajkq msKsi ud;Dld

,nd § we;’ jHd;sf¾Lhka u.ska wdrlaId

lrkq ,nk foaj,g wod< f;dr;=re

wkdjrKh lsÍfuka we;s úh yels ydksh

y÷kd .ksñka iuyr jHd;sf¾Lhkaf.a

úIh m:h ;Sj% lr we;’

îii& uKav,fha ;SrK .ekSu flfrys jeä m%úIaGh' wOHlaI uKav,fha ,sheú,sj,ska

jeä fldgila wod< wjia:dfõ§u

ck;djg wkdjrKh flfrkq we;’

fïjdg rdcH jHdmD;s i|yd jk Kh

fhdackd yd foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾.

i|yd jQ fhdackd we;=<;a jk w;r tfia

uq,a ld,fha§u wkdjrKh lsÍug” wod<

idudðl rfÜ tlÕ;ajh ,nd .; hq;= h’

thg wu;rj ck;d WmfoaYk ^woyia

úuiSfï& l%shdj,shlg Ndckh lrk ,o

m%;sm;a;s fhdackd yd Wmdhud¾. m;%sld

o we;=<;a h’ fuh wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl= ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sh ;=<

fldgialrejkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh jeä lrkq

we;’ m%;sm;a;s jHd;sf¾Lhka ;=<g jefgk

f;dr;=re we;=<;a jk fyda wjOdkh

fhduq lrk tajd yer” wOHlaI uKav,

3

úOdhl idrdxYh

/iaùïj, l:dny igyka j¾I 10lg miq

wkdjrKh lrkq ,eìh yels h’

^iv& m%isoaO ikaksfõok m%fõYh hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu' fuu m%;sm;a;shg rel=,a fokq msKsi”

2005 m;%sldfõ olajd we;s ndysr in|;d

Wmdhud¾.h m%isoaO ikaksfõokhka

u; kdNs.; jk fia ÈYd.; lr we;’

wdishdfõ yd Ydka;slrfha fjkia jk

ixj¾Ok wNsfhda.hkag m%;spdr jYfhka

ish .%dylhka iuÕ ikaksfõokhka ;Sj%

lsÍfï wjYH;djh wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=fõ m%isoaO ikaksfõok m%fõYh

u.ska ;yjqre flf¾’ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl= ikaksfõokhkays ld¾hidOl;ajh

j¾Okh jk njg;a th 2020 Wmdhud¾.h

iuÕ mQ¾K jYfhka ÈYd.; jk njg;a

hdj;ald,Sk lrk ,o m%fõYh j.

n,d .kS’ tfukau wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=j fldgialrejka f.a fjkia jk

wfmalaIKhkag m%;spdr olajkq we;’

m%isoaO ikaksfõok m%fõYh úfYaIs;

fm%alaIlhkaf.a wjYH;djhkag jvd;a

fyd¢ka .e,fmk fia ilia jkq we;’

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j-wdOdr ,nk

jHdmD;s iy jevigyka ;=<g” w;HdjYH

ikaksfõok yd f;dre;=re fnodyod

.ekSfï wx.hka wka;¾.%yKh flfrk

nj ;yjqre lsÍu u.ska n,mEug ,la

jQ ck;dj yd fjk;a Wkkaÿjla olajk

fldgialrejka ^mrÿ orkakka& iuÕ

jHdmD;s pl%h mqrdu iïnkaO ù lghq;=

lsÍu Yla;su;a flf¾’ l,dmh ;=< oekqu

mdol wd¾:slhka ixj¾Okh lsÍug

Wmldr lrkq msKsi wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=j ish oekqu ksmehqï m%p,s; lsÍu

^wka;¾cd,h Tiafia yd úOdhl idrxYfha

oDVdx. msgm; ;=<ska& j¾Okh lrkq we;’

thg wu;rj” wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

ish oekqu ksmehqï fnod §ug;a” rdcH

ks,OdÍka yd fjk;a uqLH fm%aCIlhska

iuÕ woyia yqjudre lr .ekSug;a

l,dmSh yd cd;sl iuq¿ jeks fõÈldjka

Ndú;d lrkq we;’

^v& fjk;a fjkialï' fjk;a m%;sfYdaOkhkag(

NdIduh meyeÈ,s lsÍï” hdj;ald,Sk

jd¾;d” wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ

b,lal lrk ,o jHdmdßl l%shdj,Ska iuÕ

ÈYd.; lsÍï” úfYaI ;;a;ajhka hgf;a

f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaG ùu iSud lsÍfï

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j i;= jrm%idoh”

foaYh ;=< isák fldgialrejka yg

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= jHdmD;s ms<sn|j

jvd fyd¢ka wjfndaO lr .; yels jk

fia WÑ; cd;sl NdIdjkag jHdmD;s o;a;

m;%hka mßj¾;kh lsÍu jeks ÈhqKq

wkdjrK l%u” iy l<ukdldß;ajfha yd

wOHlaI uKav, idudðlhskaf.a mdol

jegqma ms<sn|j wkdjrKh lsÍu hkdÈh

we;=<;a h’

m%;sm;a;sh' fldgialrejka ^mrÿ orkakka&f.a

úYajdih iy wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j iuÕ

iïnkaOj lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdj j¾Okh

lsÍug;a” tu.ska wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=

fufyhqïj, ixj¾Ok n,mEu j¾Okh lsÍug;a

fuu m%;sm;a;sh b,lal lrhs’ fuu m%;sm;a;sfha

uQ,sldx. my; mßÈ fõ(

^i& mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ wkdjrKh' wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=j ‘mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ’ ^wkd.;h foi n,d we;s úh yels

;;a;ajhka i|yd wkqj¾;kh jk&

wdldrhlska ish fldgialrejka yd fmdÿ

ck;dj iuÕ ish lghq;= ms<sn| oekqu

yd f;dr;=re fukau u;hka fnod yod

.; hq;= h’ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=

fjí wvúh mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ wkdjrKh

i|yd jk m%d:ñl Wmldrlh jkq we;’

WÑ; mßÈ fjk;a udOH Ndú;d lrñkao

f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lrkq ,eìh yels h’

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ;SrK .ekSu

;=< fldgialrejka f.a iyNd.s;ajh

myiq lrjñka mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ wkdjrKh

ksYaÑ; ld, iSudjka wkq.ukh lrkq we;’

tfukau wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ;ks

b,a,Sïj,g m%;spdr jYfhkao f;dr;=re

wkdjrKh lrkq we;’ m%;sm;a;sfha wka

úêúOdkhlska iSud lrkq ,en we;akï

yer” wOHlaI uKav,fha oekqj;a ùu i|yd

bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk ,sheú,s uKav,h

fj; ksl=;a l< jydu” wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl= fjí wvúfha m%o¾Ykh lrkq we;’

wOHlaI uKav,h fj; bÈßm;a lrk

,sheú,s nyq;rhla wOHlaI uKav,fha

wkque;sh fyda w;aika ,eîug fmr fjí

wvúfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍu wjia:dj ,eî

we;’ wfkla ,sheú,s wOHlaI uKav,h

4


úiska wkqu; fyda w;aika lrkq ,enQ úg

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúfha

m%o¾Ykh flfrkq we;’

îi& wkdjrKhg mlaIj mQ¾jdkqudkh' wkdjrKhg mlaI jQ mQ¾jdkqudkh la u;

fuu m%;sm;a;sh mokï ù ;sfí’ wkdjrKh

fkdl< hq;= hehs i|yka ,sheú,s yer”

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska bÈßm;a

lrkq ,nk fyda bÈßm;a lsÍug kshu jQ

,sheú,s wkdjrKh l< hq;=h’

îii& f;dr;=re yd woyia fj; msúiSug yd ,nd §ug we;s whs;sh' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=j úiska Wmldr lrkq ,nk

l%shdldrlï ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,nd §ug

ck;djg we;s whs;sh wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=j ms<s .kS’ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

ldf,daÑ;” ksrjq,a yd WÑ; wdldrfhka

f;dr;=re imhkq we;’ ck;dj fj; yd

ldka;djka” È<s÷ wh yd wfkl=;a ÿn,

^wjodkï md;%& lKavdhïo we;=¿ fjk;a

fldgialrejka ^mrÿ orkakka& ygo

jHdmD;s ks¾udK ie,iqu yd l%shd;aul

lsÍu ms<sn|j w¾:dkaú; woyia $fhdackd

bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:djla ,efnk fia

l,a we;sj Tjqka fj; f;dr;=re ,nd Èh

hq;= h’ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j f;dard

fírd f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu fkdl<

hq;= h’ fuu m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=j bÈßm;a lrk f;dr;=re

i|yd ck;djg iudk f,i m%úIaG ùfï

yelshdj we;’

îv& foaYSh ysñldß;ajh' ish ixj¾Okh fjñka

mj;sk idudðl rgj, wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=j wdOdr lrk l%shdldrlï ms<sn|j

foaYhg we;s ysñldß;ajfha jeo.;alu

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<s .kS’ ta

wkqj” hï ,sheú,s wkdjrKh lsÍug

fmr” tajdfha wkdjrKh lsßfï ld,h

fukau wka;¾.;h iïnkaOfhkao

ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rgj,

woyia ie,ls,a,g .kq ,efí’

^v& iSudiys; jHd;sf¾L’ wkdjrKh l< fkdyelafla b;du iq¿ m%udKhlah' iSñ; jHd;ssf¾Lhkag hg;ah’ tu ksid

m%;sm;a;sfha jHd;sf¾Lhka we;=<;g

.efkk f;dr;=re yer wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=j úiska bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk fyda

bÈßm;a lsÍug kshu lrkq ,nk ishü

f;dr;=re wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

wkdjrKh lrkq we;’ hï f;dr;=rla

wkdjrKh lsÍfuka w;a jk fmdÿ

hym; tn÷ wkdjrKhlska we;s úh

yels ydksh wNsnjd hkafka hehs wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=j ;SrKh lrkafka kï”

m%;sm;a;s jHd;sf¾Lhka blaujd hdug

we;s whs;sh wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

i;= h’ tfukau wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=j idudkHfhka wkdjrKh lrk

hï f;dr;=rla wkdjrKh lsÍfuka we;s

úh yels ydksh bka w;a jk fmdÿ hym;

wNsnjd hkafka fyda hdug bv we;s hehs

hï úfYaI ;;a;ajhka hgf;a wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=j ;SrKh lrkafka kï”

tfia wkdjrKh fkdlsÍug we;s whs;sho

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j i;= h’

^vi& wNshdpkh fj; whs;sh' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=j ish m%;sm;a;sh W,a,x>Kh

lrñka ;ukaf.a b,a,Su m%;slafIam

lrkafka hehs hï f;dr;=re b,a,d isák

whl= úYajdi lrk úfgl§” wÈhr foll

wNshdpkd l%shdj,shlg b,aÆïlreg we;s

whs;sh fuu m%;sm;a;sh ms<s .kS’ fuu

wNshdpkd l%shdj,sfha úYajdijka;Ndjh

j¾Okh lrkq msKsi” tys fojk wÈhr

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fjka iajdëk

tlla f,i isÿ flfrkq we;’ hï

f;dr;=rla wkdjrKh lsÍfuka w;a jk

fmdÿ hym; tn÷ wkdjrKhlska we;s

úh yels ydksh wNsnjd hkafka kï”

tu b,a,d isák f;dr;=re iSud lrk

m%;sm;a;s jHd;sf¾Lhka blaujd hkq msKsi

fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj’ fj;

wNshdpkhla lsÍugo yels h’

wNHka;r l%shd;aul lsÍfï úêúOdk fjkia

fkdjkq we;’ flfia jqjo” jvd ÈhqKq m%isoaO

ikaksfõok m%h;akhkag iy iajdëk wNshdpkd

uvq,a,g Wmldr lrkq msKsi w;sf¾l iïm;a lem

lrkq ,eìh hq;= h’

5

ye¢kaùu


1

1 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j' 2005' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ m%isoaO ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh( f;dr;=re wkdjrKh yd yqjudrej' ueks,d

1' fuu m;%sldj u.ska wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

úiska 2005 j¾Ifha§ iïu; lr .kakd ,o fmdÿ

ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh1 hdj;ald,Sk lrkq ,nhs'

2011 Tlaf;dan¾ 25 jk Èk wOHlaI uKav,h úiska

wkqu; lrkq ,enQ mßoafoka yd 2012 wfm%a,a 2 Èkg

l%shd;aul Èkho iys;j" fuu m;%sldfõ úia;r

lr we;s m%;sm;a;sh 2005 m%;sm;a;sfha úêúOdk

fjkqjg l%shd;aul jkq we;'

2' úksúo jQ yd mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ m%isoaO

ikaksfõokh j;auka m%;sm;a;sfha m%Odk wx. fõ'

f;dr;=re yd wkdjrKh iïnkaOfhka fmr fjk

fjku mej;s m%;sm;a;s folla fjkqjg l%shd;aul

jQ 2005 m%;sm;a;sh wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ

ikaksfõok m%h;akhka fj; jvd;a mK we;s yd

kdNs.; m%fõYhla we;s lf<a h' th wkdjrKh

ms<sn|j;a" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ixj¾Ok

ld¾hidOl;ajhg Wmldr lsÍfuys,d ndysr

in|;djkays ld¾hNdrh ms<sn|j;a wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ wdl,amh ;=< m%uqL fjkila

ksfhdackh lf<a h' 2005 m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a

kshu lr we;s whqßka" 2010 j¾Ifha§ mQ¾K

iudf,dapkhla wdrïN úh'

3' fuu iudf,dapkhg l<ukdldr wOHlaI

ckrd,a m%Odk;ajh oerE kshuq lñgqjla úiska

uÕ fmkajk ,§' tu m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| w;aoelSï

iy th jeä ÈhqKq l< yels wdldrh ms<sn|

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish ld¾huKav,fha

woyiao úuiS h' tfukau m%;sm;a;sh yd th

l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn| m%;spdrhkao" jeä ÈhqKq

lsÍu i|yd fhdackdjkao ,nd fok f,i wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=j ndysr fldgialrejka ^mrÿ

orkakka& yg mejiSh' óg wu;rj" ,sÅ; woyia

,nd .ekSug wu;rj" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

n,mEug ,la jQ ck;djo we;=¿j mq¿,a mrdihl

Wkkaÿjla olajk fldgialrejka ^mrÿ orkakka&

f.a woyia ,nd .kq msKsi idudðl rgj,a 12la

;=< foaYdNHka;r iuQy-WmfoaYk jevuq¿

^woyia úuiSfï jevuq¿& 20la meje;aù h' ( fuu

jevuq¿j,g 500lg jeä fofkla iyNd.s jQy'

^Wm.%ka:h 1 ndysr WmfoaYk l%shdj,sh úia;r

lrhs'& fuu m;%sldj ,enqKq woyia $fhdackd ie,ls,a,g .kS'

6

m%;sm;a;sfha wNsu;d¾:

4' i¾j.%dyl ^ieu we;=<;a lr .kakd& wd¾:sl ixj¾Okh" mdßißl jYfhka ;sridr jQ wd¾:sl j¾Okh" iy l,dmSh ifudaOdkh m%j¾Okh lsÍfuka È<s÷lu wvq lsÍu flfrys wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j wemlem ù isà' fuu wNsu;d¾:h bgq lr .kq msKsi wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ixj¾Okhg iyfhda.h fok úúO jHdmD;s yd fjk;a l%shdldrlï .Kkdjla i|yd wruqo,a iïmdokh lrhs' ish jHdmD;s b,a,Sï imqrd,k yd iM,odhS tajd jkq msKsi" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish Kh.eKqïlrejka" fiajd,dNSka" yjq,alrejka" yd fjk;a fldgialrejkaf.a woyia ,nd .ekSu;a" ish lghq;= ms<sn|j Tjqka ks;s oekqj;a lsÍu;a l< hq;= h' Yla;su;a yjq,aldß;ajhka i|yd jQ moku idok wfkHdakH wjfndaOh yd úYajdih f.dvke.Su i|yd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j yd tys fldgialrejka w;r WNh-ÈYd.; ^foÈYdjgu úysf|k& f;dr;=re m%jdyhla ;sîu b;d jeo.;a h' jHdmD;shl id¾:l;ajh i|yd uQ,slj wjYH fohla jk" ish fldgialrejka fj;ska ,efnk m%;spdr ,nd .kq msKsi wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg ish jHdmD;s yd l%shdldrlï ms<sn| úksúoNdjh mj;ajd .ekSu w;HdjYH fõ' ;jo" ljr wdh;khl fyda hymd,kfha m%Odk;u uQ,O¾uhla jkafka th tysu l%shdud¾. iïnkaOfhka j.lSug ie,eiaúh yels úh hq;=h hkakhs' úksúoNdjh jkdys j.lsjhq;=Ndjh i|yd mQ¾j-wjYH;djhls'

5' fuu m%;sm;a;sfha iuia; wNsu;d¾:h jkafka wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<sn|j fldgialrejka f.a úYajdih iy ta iuÕ iïnkaO ù lghq;= lsÍug we;s yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍuhs' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fufyhqï ms<sn| f;dr;=re me;Sug" ,eîug yd ,nd §ug ck;djg we;s whs;sh fuu

m%;sm;a;sh u.ska ms<s .kq ,efí' th f;dr;=re fnodyod .ekSug wdOdr lrk w;r" n,mEug ,la jQ ck;dj iuÕ WNh-ÈYd.; ikaksfõokh iy iyNd.S ixj¾Okh i|yd yelshdj we;s lrhs' fuu m%;sm;a;sh mokï ù we;af;a wkdjrKhg mlaImd;S mQ¾jdkqudkhla u;h( - tkï" wkdjrKh fkdlsÍug ;rï n,j;a fya;=jla ke;s kï th wkdjrKh l, hq;= fjhs' th wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg oeä ld, iSud kshuhka wkq.ukh lrñka wdh;ksl" uQ,H yd jHdmD;s wdY%s; f;dr;=re ish fjí wvúh ;=< mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ f,i wkdjrKh lsÍug i,iajk w;r" m%;spdrhka yd meñKs,s yeisrùfï hdka;%Khkao imhhs' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ixj¾Ok n,mEu jeä lrkq msKsi" uQ,sl jYfhka ish idudðl rgj, u; uQ,slhska yd ;SrK .kakka iuÕ in|;d f.dv ke.Su yd m%isoaO ikaksfõok l%shdldrlï jvd hym;a lsÍu u.ska fuu m%;sm;a;sh wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<sn|j yd tys fufyhqï ms<sn|j oekqj;aNdjh yd wjfndaOh m%j¾Okh lrhs'

6' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ m%Odk uQ,lD;H iuyrla u.ska fuu m%;sm;a;sh yd tys wNsu;d¾:hka fj; tys wemlem ùu ;j;a Yla;su;a lr we;' 2020 Wmdhud¾.h u.ska wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fufyhqï yd l%shdldrlï ms<sn| j.ùu" iyNd.s;ajh yd úksúoNdjh ms<sn| jeo.;alu ms<s.kq ,nhs'2 wdOdr ld¾hidOl;ajh ms<sn| meßia m%ldYkfha wNsu;d¾:hkago" jeä úksúoNdjh flakaøSh jYfhka jeo.;a fjhs'3 wdOdr ms<sn| f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaG ùu iS>% lrk nyq-fldgialdr uQ,lD;Hhla jk cd;Hka;r wdOdr úksúoNdjh ms<sn| uQ,lD;Hh’ w;aika lsÍfuka" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j È<s÷lu wvq lsÍfuys,d wdOdrj, ld¾hidOl;ajh j¾Okh lrkq msKsi" wdOdr ms<sn| ksh;" úia;rd;aul yd ld,dkqrEm f;dr;=re m%isoaêfha wkdjrKh lsÍu flfrys we;s ish wemlem ùu h,s ikd: lr we;'

m%isoaO ikaksfõokh ms<sn| wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ w;aoelSïfmdÿ

ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh 2011

2

2 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j 2008' Wmdhud¾.h 2020( wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j i|yd jQ §¾> ld,Sk Wmdhud¾.sl rduqieleiau 2008-2020' ueks,d'

3 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j yd tys ixj¾Okh jk idudðl foaYhka 19 we;=¿ rgj,a yd ixj¾Ok ixúOdk 100lg wêl ixLHdjla úiska w;aika lrk ,§'

7

m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn| ;lafiarej

7' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j 2005 fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn|j wëlaIKh lrñka jd¾Isl ;lafiare jd¾;d 4la m%ldYhg m;a lf<ah'4 m%;sm;a;sfha úêúOdk ms<sme§u" úksúoNdjh yd ÈhqKq ikaksfõokh m%j¾Okh lsÍu" iy fldgialrejka yg jeäfhka f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaùu hk wxYj,ska wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fyd¢ka lghq;= lr we;s nj tu úia;rd;aul ;lafiarefjka oelafõ' fuu m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn|j woyia úuik ,o ndysr fldgialrejka w;ßka nyq;rhla úiska th fyd¢ka ms<s.ekSug ,la jQ w;r" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= ld¾huKav,h úiskao fyd¢ka wjfndaO lr .kakd ,§'

8' iuia; jYfhka" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ wdh;ksl yd jHdmD;s wdY%s; f;dr;=re fldgialrejka yd uyck;dj fj; úYd, uÜgulg mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ f,i fukau b,a,Sï u;o ,nd § ;sfí' mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ ndysr in|;d iy ÈhqKq wkdjrKh tlsfklg WmldÍ jk nj fuu m%;sm;a;sfhka ms<sìUq fõ' fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfuys§ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j rdcH fukau rdcH fkdjk jHdmD;Ska wdjrKh lrk m%isoaêhg m;a fldg we;s ,sheú,sj, mrdih jHdma; lrk w;ru" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<sn| oekqj;aNdjh yd tA ms<sn| úYajdih ÈhqKq lrkq msKsi lemS fmfkk mshjrla f.k we;' iqúfYaIS" tfy;a tlsfkl lafIa;% fþokh lrk ndysr jHdma;sh yd f;dr;=re wkdjrKh u.ska wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fjys ixj¾Ok oekqu yd f;dr;=re b,lal fm%alaIlhskag újr lsÍug odhl ù we;' tfiau" tu.ska wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ixj¾Ok ld¾hidOl;ajh yd nexl=j ms<sn| ck;djf.a úYajdih by< kexù we;'

9' fmdÿfõ .;a l<" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j wkdjrKhg mlaI mQ¾jdkqudkh id¾:lj iïu; lr we;' wkdjrKfha ld,dkqrEmS nj yd ndysr b,a,Sï yeisrùu ms<sn| kshuhkao we;=¿ wkdjrK kshuhka ms<sme§u wLKavj ÈhqKq ù we;' jka j¾,aâ g%iaÜ kue;s wdh;kh úiska m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,o 2007 f.da,Sh j.ùï jd¾;dj ;=<" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg úksúoNdjh yd hym;a l%shdjka ms<sn| ,l=Kq 100]la ,eî ;snqKs'5

10' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= f;dr;=rej,ska fndfyduhla oekgu;a ,nd .; yels h' 2005 iema;eïn¾ isg 2010 foieïn¾ olajd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúfha we;s ,sheú,s ixLHdj 145]lska jeä ù ;snqKs' fjí wvúfha we;s f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaG ùfï yelshdjo j¾Okh ù ;snqKs' ;jo" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j f;dr;=re fyda ,sheú,s i|yd ndysßka ,enqKq b,a,Sï 6"000la Ndr f.k tajd ms<sn|j lghq;= fldg we;' b,a,Sïj,ska 95]la i|ydu f;dr;=re ,nd fok ,§' b,a,Sïj,ska wvlg jvd jHdmD;s f;dr;=re wdY%s;j úh' wfkla b,a,Sïj,ska nyq;rh jHdmdßl bvm%ia:d iïnkaOfhka úh' úuiSï j,ska 7]la rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk ^tka'Ô'´'& iuÕ wruqo,a iïmdokh yd iyfhda.s;ajh i|yd jQ b,a,Sï úh' b,a,Sïj,ska m%;slafIam lrk ,o 5] w;ßka úYd,;u m%fNaoh jQfha wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ne÷ïlr ksl=;= wdY%s; f;dr;=re iïnkaOfhks' tfukau wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j 2005 j¾Ihg fmr ks¾udKh lrk ,o fndfyda ,sheú,so ksrjq,a fldg wkdjrKh lf<ah' flfia jqjo" m%;sm;a;sfha wkdjrK kshuhka mQ¾K jYfhka ms<sme§u idlaId;a lr .kq msKsi wLKavj m%h;akhka fhÈh hq;=h' ksoiqkla f,i" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúfha wjYH ishÆu jHdmD;s idrdxYhka we;=<;a lr fyda hdj;ald,Sk lr ke;s w;r fuu idrdxYfha o;a; lafIa;%hka jvd;a iïmQ¾K úh hq;=j ;sfí'

11' fuu m%;sm;a;sh wkqu; l< wjia:dfõ mgka ish ndysr in|;d m%h;akhka yryd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<s.ekSu yd úksúoNdjh jeä lrf.k we;s nj wNHka;r yd ndysr iudf,dapk j,ska fmdÿ jYfhka fmkS f.dia we;' fuh ckudOH ;=< oDYH jk iq¿ nj" ndysr wj;S¾Kh" udOH wjOdkh yd fjí wvúh yryd m%jdyh jk ixLHd o;a; hkdÈfhys lemS fmfkk jeä ùu u.ska ikd: fõ' m%Odk cd;Hka;r lr<sj,§ yd iuq¿j,§ l<ukdldß;ajh yd ld¾huKav,h úiska isÿ lrk ,o ndysr jHdma;s l%shdldrlï yd m%isoaO foaYkhkays§ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j by< ;,fha udOH ;=< jQ ish m%;srEmh lemS fmfkk f,i by< kxjd f.k ;sfí' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j iEu j¾I 3lg jrlau" ndysr f.da,Sh fldgialdr md¾Yajhkaf.a wdl,amh uekSu i|yd iólaIKhla mj;ajhs' fldgialrejka

4 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j' m%isoaO ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn| ;lafiarej' http://www.adb.org/documents/series/assessment-pcp-implementation5 jka j¾,aâ g%iaÜ ^tl f,djla Ndrh& 2007" 2007 f.da,Sh j.lSï jd¾:dj " ,kavka'

m%isoaO ikaksfõokh ms<sn| ADB w;aoelSï

8


yd uQ,sl u; orkakkaf.ka nyq;rhla wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<sn|j meye§ula we;sj isák nj;a" wdishd yd Ydka;slr l,dmj, ixj¾Okh u; Yla;su;a n,mEula thg we;s nj úYajdi lrk nj;a 2006 yd 2009 iólaIKj,ska fidhd f.k ;sfí' tfukau wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j by<skau úYajdih ;eìh yels" úYajdijka;" yd ksmqk tlla f,io olsk ,§' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fyd¢ka ikaksfõokh lrk nj;a" f;dr;=re i|yd flfrk b,a,Sïj,g m%;spdr oelaùfï§ fyd| ld¾hNdrhla bgq lrk nj;a fndfyda m%;spdr olajkakkag yeÕ=Kq w;ru" jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd wjldY we;s njo m%;spdr olajkakka mejiQy' úfYaIfhkau" fldgialrejka iuÕ" úfYaIfhkau ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rgj, ̂ DMCs& wdKavq iuÕ oekqu wdY%s; ksmehqï fnodyod .kq msKsi jeämqr m%h;akhka oeßh yels h' m%isoaO ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapkh ms<sn| fldgialrejkaf.a WmfoaYkhkays§ ^woyia ùuiSï ieisj,§& iyNd.s jQjkaf.a woyi jQfha jHdmD;s ms<sn| jvd hym;a ikaksfõokhka" úfYaIfhkau n,mEug ,la jQ ck;dj iuÕ lghq;= lsÍu yd f;dr;=re fnodyod .ekSu" wjYH njhs'

12' m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a jQ wkdjrK wjYH;djhka ms<sn|j wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= ld¾huKav,h yd fjk;a fldgialrejka yg wjfndaO lr .ekSug Wmldr lrkq msKsi jQ úúO f;dr;=re ie, lsÍfï yd oekqj;a lsÍfï l¾;jHka wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska 2005 j¾Ifha isg isÿ lr ;sfí' fuu m%h;akhka fuu m%;sm;a;sh ;=< kshu flfrk f;dr;=re wkdjrKhg WmldÍ ù ;sfí'

13' m%;sm;a;sfha wkdjrK kS;sÍ;s l%shd;aul lsÍug WmldÍ jkq msKsi wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j kj ld¾huKav, ;k;=re" ks;sm;d mqyqKqj" iy mßj¾;k rduqieleiaula ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd w;sf¾l iïm;a m%;smdokh lf<a h' fuu m%;sm;a;sh NdId 12lg mßj¾;kh fldg mq¿,a f,i m%p,s; lrk ,§' 2005 cQ,s udifha§ ndysr in|;d fomd¾;fïka;=j hgf;a m%isoaO f;dr;=re iy wkdjrK tAllh msysgqjk ,§' fuu tallh u.ska m%;sm;a;sfha wkdjrK wjYH;djka bgq lrkq msKsi ld¾huKav,h fj; fiajdjka" ksIamdok yd fuj,ï imhhs' th j¾;udkfha§ ishÆu wkdjrK-wdY%s; ldrKdjka i|yd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ld¾h flakaøh f,i ms<s.ekSug ,laj ;sfí'

14' mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ m%isoaO ikaksfõokhkag jvd;a

ys;ldó wdh;ksl mßirhla m%j¾Okh lsÍfuys,d

l<ukdldß;ajh w;HdjYH ld¾hNdrhla bIag

lr ;sfí' jvd fyd| f,i ikaksfõokh lsÍug

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg we;s yelshdj jeä

lrkq msKsi ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,h Rcqju

iNdm;s fj; jd¾;d lrk ndysr in|;d

fomd¾;fïka;=jla njg Wiia lrk ,§' ta iu.u"

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ndysr in|;d i|yd"

úfYaIfhkau foaYh ;=< neyer-jHdma;sh ;=< uqLH

ld¾hNdrhla bgq lrk lafIa;% ks,OdÍka Yla;su;a

lrkq msKsi" w;sf¾l iïm;a m%;smdokh lf<a

h' 2005 isg" lafIa;%h ;=< mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ ndysr

in|;djkag WmldÍ jkq msKsi ndysr in|;d

ms<sn| cd;sl ks,OdÍ ;k;=re 8la we;s fldg we;'

15' fuu m%;sm;a;sh l<ukdldß;ajfha

kdhl;ajfhka hq;=j" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

isidrd wkdjrKh flfrys we;s wdl,amh fjkia

lr we;' iuia;hla jYfhka ld¾huKav,h

úksúoNdjfha m%;s,dN rdYsh ms<s.kakd w;r"

wkdjrKh iïnkaOfhka yDoh idlaIsfhka hq;=j

lghq;= lr;s' wkdjrK kshuhka ms<sme§fï by<

uÜgula we;s w;ru" mQ¾K ms<sme§u w;alr .ekSu

i|yd" ld,hg wkqj b,lal idlaId;a lr .ekSuo

we;=¿ ;j;a fndfyda foa l< hq;=j ;sfí'

16' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ m%isoaO f;dr;=re

uOHia:dk iy iqrlaIs;d.dr mqia;ld, jevigyk

iudf,dapkhg ,la lrk ,o w;r" wdishdfõ

iy Ydka;slrfha wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

ms<sn| f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh ÈhqKq lrkq

msKsi ld¾hmámdá ÈYd.; fldg ;sfí' 2009 yd

2010 § wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska f;dard

.;a iqrlaIs;d.dr mqia;ld, iuyrla wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok iïm;a uOHia:dk njg Wiia lf<a

h' óg wu;rj rgj,a lSmhla ;=< wdOdr fok

wdh;k tl;= ù yjq,aldß;ajfhka mj;ajd f.k

hk fmdÿ f;dr;=re uOHia:dk iïnkaOfhka kj

yjq,aldß;ajhka fufyhùh' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl= oekqu ksIamdohkays oDYH jk iq¿ nj

yd msúish yels nj ÈhqKq lsÍfuys,d fuu kj

uQ,lD;Hkaf.a ld¾hidOl;ajh ;lafiare lrkq

msKsi tajd iudf,dapkh flfrkq we;'

9

fmdÿ ikaksfõokhka ms<sn| uE;ld,Sk f.da,Sh m%jK;d


3

17' miq.sh oYl 2" 3 uq¿,af,a f,dj mqrd

f;dr;=re i|yd ksoyi ms<sn| wdl,amhka lemS

fmfkk f,i fjkia ù we;' isú,a yd foaYmd,ksl

whs;sjdislï ms<sn| cd;Hka;r uQ,sl .súiqfï

i|yka jk mßÈ f;dr;=re i|yd ksoyi uQ,sl

udkj ysñlula f,i ms<s.ekSug ,la fldg we;'

mqrjeishka jvd úYd, úksúoNdjhla b,a,d isák

w;r" rcfha yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha ixia:djkag

j.ùu ms<sn| jvd by< m%ñ;Ska fj; hdug n,

lrñka isá;s' fndfyda foaYhka f;dr;=re i|yd

we;s ksoyi ish wdKavql%u jHia:djkag we;=<;a

lr we;' uE; j¾Ij,§ fuu m%jK;djh cjh

w;a lr .;a wdldrh flfiao h;a" f;dr;=re fj;

we;s ksoyi ;jÿrg;a ck;dj úiska m%d¾:kd l<

hq;= W;=ï mrud¾:hla fkdj" whs;sjdislula f,i

j¾;udkfha§ i,lkq ,efí' fndfyda wdKavq ish

mqrjeishkag rcfha f;dr;=re fj; we;s whs;sh

iqrlaIs; lrñka b;sydi.; jk kS;s iïu; lr

we;' fï jk úg rgj,a 80lg jvd tn÷ kS;s

iïu; lr ;sfí'

18' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fmdÿ

ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh iïu; l< ;eka mgka"

ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh ;jÿrg;a mßKdukh ù

;sfí' idudÔh udOHo we;=¿ kj udOH Ndú;h

jeä ùu;a iuÕu" oeka jeä l%u ixLHdjla

Tiafia jeä ;eke;a;ka ixLHdjlg jeämqr

f;dr;=re ,nd §ug yels h' rdcH" fm!oa.,sl

yd ,dN wkfmalaIs; wxY úiska imhkq ,nk

f;dr;=rej, mrdih" j¾.h yd fnod fok

wdldrh iïnkaOfhka ck;d wfmalaIKhka

fukau th w;a lr .ekSu i|yd jQ úksúoNdjh

yd úYsIag;u ms<sfj; ms<sn| wjfndaOho by<

f.dia we;' ixj¾Ok jevigykaj, msßjeh yd

ld¾hidOl;ajh ms<sn|jo fmrg jvd ióm f,i

mÍlaIdjg ,la flf¾'

19' wm%sldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j" ms<silrKh

yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| hqfrdamSh nexl=j" hqfrdamd

wdfhdack nexl=j" wka;¾-wefußldkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=j" cd;Hka;r uQ,H ixia:dj" iy f,dal

nexl=j we;=¿ nyqmd¾Yaúl ixj¾Ok nexl= uE;§

ish f;dr;=re wkdjrK m%;sm;a;s m%;sfYdaOkh

lr fyda iudf,dapkh lrñka we;' ^Wm.%ka:h 2

fjk;a nyqmd¾Yaúl ixj¾Ok nexl=j, f;dr;=re

wkdjrKh ms<sn| iólaIKhla imhhs' Wm.%ka:h

3 uÕska 2005 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= m%;sm;a;sh"

fuu m;%sldfõ úia;r flfrk m%;sfYdaê; wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl= m%;sm;a;sh iy f,dal nexl=fõ yd

wka;¾-wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ f;dr;=re

fj; m%úIaGh ikaikaokh lr olajhs'& kj

m%;sm;a;s ^iïu; fukau fhdað; tajd& fndfyda

fmdÿ .;s yd ,laIK olajhs' úfYaIfhkau fuu

m%;sm;a;s wkdjrKhg mlaImd;S mQ¾jdkqudkhla

iy ck;dj fj; f;dr;=re ,nd §fï§ ksrjq,a yd

iSudiys; jQ jHd;sf¾Lhkag hg;aj f;dr;=re fj;

Wmßu m%úIaGh ,nd §fï uQ,O¾uh u; mokï ù

we;' tfukau ksrjq,a wkdjrK ld¾hmámdá iy

wNshdpk hdka;%Ko fuu m%;sm;a;sj, wvx.=h'

10

2005 m%;sm;a;sfha fhdað; j¾Okh


4

20' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ iuia; fmdÿ

ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh iqÿiq yd wod< tlla

f,i mj;sk nj;a" f;dr;=re wkdjrKh yd

hym;a l%shdud¾.j,ska wfkla nyqmd¾Yaúl

ixj¾Ok nexl= iuÕ lrg lr isák nj;a 2005

m%;sm;a;sfhka fmkajd § ;sfí' flfia jqjo" 2005

m%;sm;a;sh Yla;su;a l< yels lafIa;% 5la y÷kd

.kq ,eî h' fuu lafIa;%hka 21-25 olajd fþohkays

úia;r lr ;sfí'

21' iajdëk wNshdpkd uvq,a,' 2005 m%;sm;a;sh

f;dr;=re i|yd jk b,a,Sï m%;slafIam lsÍu

ms<sn|j iudf,dapkh lsÍu msKsi wNHka;r

uKavmhla ^fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj

- PDAC& i|yd úêúOdk i,iajd we;' fmdÿ

wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj bÈßhg muqKqjd

we;af;a isoaê 5la muKs' tfia jqjo" m%;sm;a;sh

iudf,dapkh lsÍfï§ fldgialrejka iajdëk ndysr

wNshdpkd uKavmhla fkdue;s ùu ÿ¾j,;djhla

f,i y÷kd .;ay' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg

hym;a ms<sfj;a ^mßph& wxYfhka bÈßfhkau

isákq msKsi" fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj

úiska .kq ,nk ;SrKhka iudf,dapkh lsÍug

iajdëk wNshdpkd uvq,a, ^IAP& kue;s uKav,h

ia:dmkh lrkq we;'

22' jHd;sf¾Lhka meyeÈ,s lsÍu' wkdjrK mQ¾j-

wkqudkhg ‘jHd;sf¾L‘ jk ldrKd ,ehsia;=jla

2005 m%;sm;a;sh ;=< we;=<;a lr ;sfí' fuu

,ehsia;=j ksrjq,aj jHqy.; lr fkdue;s nj;a"

tksidu f;areï .ekSu myiq ke;s nj;a ,enqKq

m%;spdrj,ska m%o¾Ykh úh' th ksrjq,a YS¾I

wkqj m%;sixúOdkh fldg ;sfí' wxY lsysmhl§"

wod< jHd;sf¾Lfhka wdrlaIs; wNs,dIhka fyda

ldrKdjka fj; wod< f;dr;=re wkdjrKh

lsÍfuka we;s úh yels ydksh y÷kd .ksñka

jHd;sf¾Lhkays lafIa;%h oeä fldg we;'

23' ;SrK .ekSug fmr wOHlaI uKav, ,sheú,s fj; m%úIaGh' fmdÿ ckhd iuÕ flgqïm;a

,sheú,s fnodyod .ekSfï ld,h ks¾Kh lsÍu

^,sheú,s WÑ; wjia:dfõ§ ck;djg újD;

lsÍu& 2005 m%;sm;a;sfha iudf,dapkh u.ska

ÈhqKq l< hq;= wxYhla jYfhka y÷kd .kq ,en

;sfí' wdrlaIK m%;sm;a;s m%ldYh ^2009& iy

wdxYSh yd f;auduh m%;sm;a;s yd Wmdhud¾.

jeks fldgialrejka ^mrÿ orkakka& yg Rcqju

n,mdk m%;sm;a;s i|yd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

oekgu;a WmfoaYk flgqïm;a ish fjí wvúhg

we;=<;a lr we;s w;r" rgj,a ;=< fï i|yd

/iaùï ixúOdkh lsÍu ;=<ska fldgialrejkaf.a

woyia ,nd .ekSug yels fõ' flfia jqjo fuu

woyia úuiSïj,ska miqj fldgialrejka yg ;SrK

.ekSfï l%shdj,sh ;=<§ wOHlaI uKav,h fj;

bÈßm;a lrk ,o flgqïm;a fj; we;s m%úIaGh

wysñ lrkq ,efí' wjika ;SrK ,sheú,a, wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fjí wvúfha m%o¾Ykh lrkq

,nkafka th wOHlaI uKav,h úiska i,ld n,kq

,eîfuka wk;=rej h' fuu m%;sm;a;s yd Wmdhud¾.

iQodkï lsÍfuys,d fldgialrejka ^mrÿ orkakka&

f.a iyNd.s;ajfhys we;s jeo.;alu wjOdrKh

lrkq msKsi" uyck woyia úuiSfï l%shdj,shg

Ndckh jQ m%;sm;a;sh yd Wmdhud¾.h ms<sn|

ld¾h m;% yd wjika fhdackd" tajd i,ld ne,Su

i|yd wOHlaI uKav,h úiska úu¾Ykh lrkq

,nk wjia:dfõ§u wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí

wvúh ;=< m%o¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd fmdÿ ikaksfõok

m%;sm;a;sh úêúOdk i,iajhs' ta iudkju" rdcH

jHdmD;s i|yd jk Kh fhdackd iy l,dmSh

iyfhda.s;d Wmdhud¾.hkays wjika fhdackdjka

wOHlaI uKav,h úiska úu¾Ykh lrkq ,nk

wjia:dfõ§u" wod< idudðl rfÜ tlÕ;ajhgo

hg;aj" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúh ;=<

m%o¾Ykh flfrkq we;'

11

24' m%isoaO ikaksfõok m%fõYh' fuu m%;sm;a;shg

WmldÍ jkq msKsi" 2005 m;%sldfõ olajd we;s ndysr

in|;d Wmdhud¾.ho m%isoaO ikaksfõokhka u;

kdNs.; jk f,i ÈYd.; flfrkq we;' f;dr;=re

wkdjrK moaO;sh kshñ; fm%alaIlhska fj;

f;dr;=re <Õd jk nj ;yjqre lsÍug m%udKj;a

ke;' 2005 m%;sm;a;sh ;=< úúO wdldrj,

fm%alaIlhskag f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh myiq lrjk

,laIK we;=<;aj ;snqKo" iuyr wjia:djkays§

m%h;akhka m%udKj;a fkdù mej;=Ks' WodyrKhla

jYfhka" uqyqKg uqyqK ,d flfrk idlÉPd iy

my< ;dlaIK m%fõYhka iuyr wjia:djkays§

wjYH úh' m%;sm;a;shg msájy,la ùu msKsi

wjYH jk fohska Tíng hk ndysr in|;d iuia;

Wmdhud¾.hla úia;r lrkq fjkqjg" f;dr;=re

fnodyod .ekSu iïnkaOfhka jQ" iuia; m%;sm;a;s

mrud¾:hka iú .kajk m%dfhda.sl wxYhka fj;"

wjOdrKh udre ù ;sfí' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=

wdOdr jHdmD;s yd jevigyka ;=<g" w;HdjYH

ikaksfõok yd f;dr;=re fnodyod .ekSï wx.hka

we;=<;a flfrk njg j. n,d .ekSu u.ska

jHdmD;s pl%h uq¿,af,au n,mEug ,la jQ ck;dj

yd fjk;a Wkkaÿjla olajk md¾Yajlrejka iuÕ

lghq;= lsÍuo Yla;su;a flfrkq we;' l,dmh ;=<

oekqu mdol wd¾:slhka ixj¾Okh i|yd Wmldr

lrkq msKsi" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish oekqu

ksIamdok ^/yeka.; yd oDVdx. msgm;a jYfhka&

m%p,s; lsÍu jeä lrkq we;' thg wu;rj"

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish ksIamdokhka

fnodyod .ekSug yd rcfha ks,OdÍka yd fjk;a

uqLH fm%alaIlhska iuÕ woyia yqjudre lr

.ekSug" l,dmSh yd cd;sl iuq¿ jeks fõÈldjka

yd fjk;a úfYaI wjia:djka Ndú;d lrkq we;'

25' jeä wkdjrKh' wOHlaI uKav, /iaùfï

jpkfhka jpkhg igyka l< jd¾;djka ,nd §u

i|yd jQ úêúOdk 2005 m%;sm;a;sh ;=< fkd;snqKs'

j¾I 10la bl=;a jQ miq" tn÷ jd¾;djkays m%;sm;a;s

jHd;sf¾Lhka ^84 fþoh& ;=<g jefgk f;dr;=re

i|yka jk fyda tn÷ f;dr;=re fj; wjOdkh

fhduq lrk foa wvx.= fkdjkafka kï" tn÷ wOHlaI

uKav, /iaùïj, jpkfhka jpkhg igyka

l< jd¾;d wkdjrKh lsÍug fuu m%;sm;a;sh

bv i,ikq we;' tfukau ú.Kkh lrk ,o

jHdmD;s .sKqï ^62 fþoh&" l<ukdldß;ajfha yd

wOHlaI uKav,fha idudðlhskaf.a uQ,sl jegqma

^90 fþoh& iy jHdmD;s o;a; m;% WÑ; cd;sl

NdIdjkag mßj¾;kh lrk ,o msgm;a ̂ 42 fþoh&

wkdjrKh i|yd o fuu m%;sm;a;sh úêúOdk

i,iajkq we;'

2005 m%;sm;a;sfha fhdað; j¾Okh

12

m%;sm;a;sh


5

uKav,h w;r m%pd,kh l< jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' ^38" 58" iy 72 fþo&' i,ld ne,Su i|yd wOHlaI uKav,h fj; bÈßm;a flfrk ,sheú,s j,ska nyq;rh wOHlaI uKav,fha wkque;shg fyda w;aika lsÍugo fmr" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' i,ld ne,Su i|yd wOHlaI uKav,h fj; bÈßm;a flfrk wfkl=;a udKav,sl ,sheú,s wOHlaI uKav,fha wkque;sh fyda w;aika ,o jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

29' wkdjrKhg mlaI mQ¾jdkqudkh' fuu m%;sm;a;sh mokï ù we;af;a wkdjrKhg mlaI mQ¾jdkqudkh u; h' tu ksid th wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<sfh< lrk fyda ms<sfh< lsÍug kshu lrk ,sheú,s ;=< 97 yd 101 fþoj,ska kshu lr we;s jHd;sf¾Lhka ;=<g .efkk f;dr;=re we;=<;a fkdfõ kï" tu ish¨u ,sheú,s wkdjrKh l< yels h'

30' f;dr;=re yd woyia fj; m%úIaG ùug yd tajd m%p,s; lsÍug we;s whs;sh' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ wdOdr ,nk l%shdldrlï ms<sn|j f;dr;=re yd woyia me;Sug" ,eîug yd m%p,s; lsÍug ck;djg we;s whs;sh wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<s .kS' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ksis l,g ksrjq,a yd WÑ; fyda wod< jk wdldrhlg f;dr;=re ,nd Èh hq;= h' fuu.ska n,mEug ,la jk ck;djo we;=¿ ish fldgialrejka iuÕ ikaksfõokh lsÍug;a" Tjqkag ijka §ug;a" Tjqkaf.ka ,efnk m%;spdr i,ld ne,Sug;a wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg yels jkq we;' n,mEug ,la jk ck;djg jHdmD;sfha ks¾udK wdlD;sh yd l%shd;aul lsÍu iïnkaOfhka ish w¾:dkaú; woyia ,nd Èh yels jk fia Tjqkag l,a we;sj f;dr;=re ,nd Èh hq;= h' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j f;dr;=re f;dard fírd wkdjrKh lsÍu fkdl< hq;= h' fuu m%;sm;a;sfha kshuhka yd tys l%shd;aul lsÍfï úêúOdkj,g wkqj" fuu m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

26' fuu m%;sm;a;sh wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j flfrys md¾Yajlrejkaf.a we;s úYajdih j¾Okh lsÍug;a" ta iuÕ lghq;= lsÍug Tjqkag we;s yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍug;a" tuÕska wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fufyhqïj, n,mEu j¾Okh lsÍug;a wruqKq lrhs' fuu m%;sm;a;sh uÕska úksúoNdjh" j.ùu yd iyNd.S ixj¾Okh m%j¾Okh flf¾' th wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<sfh< lrk fyda ms<sfh< lsÍug kshu lrk ,sheú,s i|yd wkdjrK kshuhka ia:dmkh lrhs' fuu m%;sm;a;sufha uQ,sldx. 27 isg 33 olajd jQ fþoj,ska ú.%y flf¾'

27' mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ wkdjrKh' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ‘mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ wdldrhlg" ^isÿ ù we;s foh ms<sn|j olajk fyda thg m%;sl%shd olajk wdldrhlg fkdj isÿ úh yels fyda isÿ jkakg we;s foa ms<sn|j f;dr;=re olajk fyda ta fohg .e,fmk fia wkqj¾;kh jQ wdldrhlg& ish lghq;= ms<sn| f;dr;=re yd oekqu ish md¾Yajlrejka iuÕ;a" fmdÿ ck;dj iuÕ;a fnodyod .; hq;= h' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúh mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ wkdjrKh i|yd m%d:ñl jdylhhs' wfmalaIs; m%;s.%dylhska ^,nk wh& fyda fm%alaIlhska u; mokïj fukau" f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfuka wfmalaIs; wNsm%dh u; mokïj fjk;a wkdjrK fyda m%pdrK udOH Ndú;d lsÍugo bv i,ihs' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<sn|j;a tys fufyhqï ms<sn|j;a w;HdjYH f;dr;=re hï kshu lr we;s ld, iSudjkag miqj m%isoaêfhau ,nd .ekSug ;sfnkq we;s njg md¾Yajlrejkag iy;sl jkq msKsi;a" tuÕska wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,shg iyNd.s ùu myiq lrùu msKsi;a" mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ wkdjrKh jeo.;a fõ' f;dr;=re i|yd ;ks mqoa.,hskaf.a b,a,Sïj,g m%;spdr jYfhkao wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j f;dr;=re wkdjrKh l< hq;= h'

28' wOHlaI uKav,fha oekqj;a ùu i|yd ta fj; bÈßm;a flfrk ,sheú,s fuu m%;sm;a;sfha fjk;a úêúOdk uÕska iSud fkdflf¾ kï" tajd wOHlaI

13

nexl=j bÈßm;a lrk f;dr;=re fj; ck;djg tl iudk m%úIaGh ;sìh hq;= h'

31' foaYSh ysñldß;ajh' ish ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rgj,a ;=< l%shd;aulj we;s" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska wdOdr fokq ,nk l%shdldrlï ms<sn|j wod< foaYhg we;s ysñldß;ajfhys jeo.;alu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j y÷kd f.k we;' ta wkqj hï ,sheú,s wkdjrKh lsÍug fmr" wod< wkdjrKfha wka;¾.; foa yd ld, ks¾Kh iïnkaOfhka" tajdg wod< ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rgj, woyia o ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= h'

32' iSudiys; jHd;sf¾L' mQ¾K wkdjrKh ieu úgu l< fkdyels h' WodyrKhla jYfhka ish idudðlhska iuÕ;a" wNHka;ßlj;a yDohx.u idlÉPd meje;aùug" f;dr;=re fnodyod .ekSug yd woyia .fõIKh lsÍugo" ish rdcH fkdjk fufyhqï wdY%s; úfYaI wjYH;djka i,ld ne,Sugo wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg isÿ fõ'6 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish ld¾huKav,hg fm!oa.,sl;ajh i|yd we;s whs;sh wdrlaId l< hq;= jk w;r" ;udf.a yd ;u fiajd,dNSkaf.a kS;Hdkql+, jHdmdßl wNs,dIhka o iq/lsh hq;= h' flfia jqjo fuu jHd;sf¾Lhka iSñ; h' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<sfh< lrk fyda ms<sfh< lsÍug kshu lrk f;dr;=re 97 yd 101 fþohkays kshu lr we;s jHd;sf¾Lhka we;=<;g fkd.efka kï" tn÷ ishÆ f;dr;=re wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j wkdjrKh l< hq;= h' hï f;dr;=rla wkdjrKh lsÍfuka w;a jk fmdÿ hym; tn÷ wkdjrKhlska we;s úh yels ydksh wNsnjd hkafka hehs wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ;SrKh lrkafka kï" m%;sm;a;s jHd;sf¾Lhka blaujd hdug we;s whs;sh wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j i;= h' tfukau wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j idudkHfhka wkdjrKh lrk hï f;dr;=rla wkdjrKh lsÍfuka we;s úh yels ydksh bka w;a jk fmdÿ hym; wNsnjd hkafka fyda hdug bv we;s hehs hï úfYaI ;;a;ajhka hgf;a wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ;SrKh lrkafka kï" tfia wkdjrKh fkdlsÍug we;s whs;sho wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j i;= h'

33' wNshdpkh fj; whs;sh' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tys m%;sm;a;sh W,a,x>Kh lrñka ;ukaf.a b,a,Su m%;slafIam lrkafka hehs hï f;dr;=re b,a,d isák whl= úYajdi lrk úfgl§" wÈhr foll wNshdpkd l%shdj,shlg b,aÆïlreg we;s whs;sh ms<sn| fuu m%;sm;a;sh ms<s .kS' fuu wNshdpkd l%shdj,sfha úYajdijka;Ndjh j¾Okh lrkq msKsi" tys fojk wÈhr wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fjka iajdh;a; tlla f,i isÿ flfrkq we;' hï f;dr;=rla wkdjrKh lsÍfuka w;a jk fmdÿ hym; tn÷ wkdjrKhlska we;s úh yels ydksh wNsnjd hkafka kï" tu b,a,d isák f;dr;=re iSud lrk m%;sm;a;s jHd;sf¾Lhka blaujd hkq msKsi fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj fj; wNshdpkhla lsÍugo yels h'

34' fjk;a m%;sm;a;s fj; iïnkaOh' fuu m%;sm;a;sh wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<sfh< lrk fyda ms<sfh< lsÍug kshu lrk ,sheú,s i|yd jk wkdjrK kshuhka ia:dmkh lrhs' th tjeks ,sheú,s ms<sfh< lsÍu i|yd jQ kshuhka olajkafka ke;' fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh uq¿,af,au fjk;a wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= m%;sm;a;s fj; wjOdkh fhduq lrjkq ,efí' wjOdkh fhduq lrjkq ,nk wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fjk;a ljr fyda m%;sm;a;s fldgilg" l<ska l<g wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska thg lrk ixfYdaOkhkao we;=<;a h' m%isoaO ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sfha wkdjrK úêúOdk ^fjk;a úêúOdkhka fkdj& iy wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o wka ljr fyda m%;sm;a;shla w;r .eàula" mriamr;djhla fyda wkkql+,;djhla we;s jqj fyd;a" tys§ fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh n,meje;aúh hq;= h' fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul jk Èkhg miqj wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska ixj¾Okh fyda m%;sfYdaOkh lrk ,o ljr fyda m%;sm;a;shla fyda Wmdhud¾.hla ;=< jqjo" th hgf;a bÈßm;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= ,sheú,s yd wfkl=;a f;dr;=re i|yd jQ wkdjrK kshuhka ljf¾oehs ksrjq,aj m%ldY l< hq;= h' tn÷ wkdjrK kshuhka fmdÿ ikaksfõok

m%;sm;a;sfha uQ,sldx. iuÕ wkql+, úh hq;= h'

6 ish fiajd,dNSka iuÕ .kqfokq lsÍfï§ Tjqkaf.a ryiH f;dr;=re fy<s fkdlsÍug kS;suh jYfhka nkaOkSh m%;s{djla §u fm!oa.,sl wxYfha uQ,H wdh;khkag fukau” wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= ikaikaolhskago iïu; wjYH;djhls’ úYajdih mokï fldg f.k ,nd .;a jdKscuh f;dr;=re uqod yeÍu iïnkaOfhka jHd;sf¾Lhlao we;=<;a” f;dr;=re i|yd we;s ksoyi ms<sn| kS;s ;=<” ryiH jHdmdßl f;dr;=re wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd we;s wjYH;djh mq¿,a f,i ms<s .efka’

m%;sm;a;sh

14

wkdjrK úia;r


6

myiq lrùu msKsi iy Tjqkag ish foaYh iy$fyda l,dmh ;=< foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾.hka" wka;¾jdr foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾.hka iy l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d Wmdhud¾.hka ixj¾Okh lsÍfuys,d odhl;ajh §ug fldgialrejkag bv ie,eiaùu msKsi" fuu ,sheú,s iQodkï lrk w;rjdrfha§ fldgialrejkaf.a woyia bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd tu ,sheú,s fukau fjk;a m%fhdackj;a miqìï f;dr;=re Tjqkag ,nd .ekSug i,iajkq we;'

38' foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾." wka;¾jdr foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾. iy l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d Wmdhud¾. wOHlaI uKav,h fj; fhduq lrkq ,nk wjia:dfõ§u" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j wod< idudðl foaYfha tlÕ;ajhgo hg;aj" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúh ;=< tu ,sheú,s m%o¾Ykh lrkq we;' hï rgla l,a we;sj lrk wkdjrKhg wleue;s kï" tu ,sheú,s wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a flfrkqfha wOHlaI uKav,h w;aika lsÍfuka miqj h' l<ukdlrK lñgq /iaùu fyda thg iudk hula iïmQ¾K lr we;s foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾." wka;¾jdr foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾. iy l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d Wmdhud¾. iïnkaOfhka fuu iu.dó wkdjrKh ms<sn| kshuh wod< jkafka fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul jk Èk fyda tÈkg miqj h'

39' foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾.h yd l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d Wmdhud¾.h fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrk wjia:dfõ§u tajd ;=< úoHqq;a iïnkaOl8 yryd wjOdkh fhduq lr we;s m%Odk Wmldrl ,sheú,so wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾.h yd l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d Wmdhud¾.h ms<sfh,

35' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ixj¾Ok l%shdldrlï ms<sfh< lsÍug yd l%shd;aul lsÍug ish Kh.ekqïlrejka yd fiajd,dNSka iuÕ iómj lghq;= lrhs' tfia lsÍfï§ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska wdOdr lrkq ,nk fufyhqï ms<sn| f;dr;=re wkdjrKhg mlaI mQ¾jdkqudkhka ms<sn|j wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j Tjqkag okajkq we;' my; i|yka ,sheú,s wod< Kh.ekqïlre fyda fiajd,dNshd iuÕ idlÉPd lsÍfuka miqj" 97 yd 101 fþohkays wkdjrK jHd;sf¾Lhkago hg;aj olajd we;s ld, mßÉfþoh wkqj wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúfha m%o¾Ykh l< hq;= h'

foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾. iy l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d Wmdhud¾.

36' foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾.h wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fj; tla tla ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rg iuÕ lghq;= lrkq msKsi jQ rduqj imhkq we;' th foaYSh uÜgfï§ ixj¾Ok m%;sM, f.k §u msKsi jQ fufyhqï jevigyka ks¾udKh i|yd jQ m%d:ñl fõÈldjhs' l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d Wmdhud¾.h jkdys l,dmSh iyfhda.S;djfhys wNsu;d¾:hka idlaId;a lr .kq msKsi wdishdfõ yd Ydka;slrfha wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska kshu lr we;s l,dmhla fyda Wml,dmhla i|yd jQ Wmdhud¾.hls'

37' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j kej; w¨;a jk mokñka" t<fUk j¾Ih ;=< iQodkï lsÍug kshñ; foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾.hka" wka;¾jdr foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾.hka iy l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d Wmdhud¾.hka we;=<;a fldg ,ehsia;=jla mj;ajd f.k hkq we;' fldgialrejka7 iuÕ WmfoaYkhka

7 fldgialrejkag ixj¾Okh jk idudðl rgj, wdKavq” ixj¾Ok yjq,alrefjda” fm!oa.,sl wxYh” iy rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk we;=¿ isú,a iudch

8 WodyrK(- foaY yd wdOdr l<U o¾Yl

15

lrkq msKsi Ndú;d lrk ,o fjk;a f;auduh yd wdxYSh úYaf,aIKhka yd ;lafiareo9 tajdfha hdj;ald,Sk lsÍfï jd¾;do iu.ska ;sfnk mßÈ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

40' foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾." wka;¾jdr foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾. iy l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d Wmdhud¾. ms<sn|j tla tla wOHlaI uKav, idlÉPdfõ iNdm;sf.a idrdxYh wOHlaI uKav,h w;r wjika jYfhka ixirKh jQ jydu th wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhgo we;=<;a l< hq;= h' b,lal fldgialrejka úiska wod< rg ;=< bx.%sis NdIdj mq¿,a f,i Ndú;d flfrkafka ke;s kï" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tu foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾.h" wka;¾jdr foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾.h iy l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d Wmdhud¾.h wod< cd;sl NdIdjkag mßj¾;kh fldg" tu jd¾;d wOHlaI uKav,h úiska w;aika lrkq ,enQ Èk isg Èk 90 la we;=<; ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

41' wOHlaI uKav,h fj; fhduq lrkq ,nk wjia:dfõ§u" wod< idudðl foaYfha tlÕ;ajhgo hg;aj" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúh ;=< tu ,sheú,s m%o¾Ykh l< hq;= h' foaYSh fufyhqï jHdmdßl ie,iqï iy l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d fufyhqï ie,iqï ^hï ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rgla fyda úfYaIs; l,dmhla fyda Wm l,dmhla i|yd jQ Kh fok yd Kh fkdjk jHdmD;s ,ehsia;=j& wOHlaI uKav,h fj; fhduq l< jydu" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

jHdmD;s iy jevigyka

jHdmD;s o;a; m;%h

42' jHdmD;s fyda jevigyka ilik yd l%shd;aul lrk w;rjdrfha§ tajd ms<sn|j ndysr fldgialrejka oekqj;a lrkq msKsi" idrdxY f;dr;=reo iuÕ jHdmD;s o;a; m;% ^PDSs&10

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' jHdmD;s o;a; m;%h jkdys wLKavj ilia flfrñka we;s fohla neúka" tys uQ,sl msgmf;ys iuyr f;dr;=re we;=<;a fkdùug bv we;s w;r" tajd ,efnk mßÈ we;=<;a flfrkq we;' jHdmD;shla fyda jevigykla iQodkï flfrk w;f¾" ks¾udK ie,iqï yd wëlaIK rduqjl flgqïm;la ixj¾Okh flfrk w;r" th jHdmD;sfha ld¾hidOk ;lafiarej i|yd moku imhkq we;' rduqfõ flgqïmf;ys jeo.;a f;dr;=re jHdmD;s o;a; m;%fhys ms<sìUq flfrkq we;'11 jHdmD;s o;a; m;%fha fjí msgqj jHdmD;s pl%h ;=< ms<sfh< flfrk wdY%s; ,sheú,s fj; iïnkaOlhka imhkq we;' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ishÆ Kh yd wdOdr m%odk jHdmD;s yd jHdmD;s-mQ¾j iQodkï lsÍfï ;dlaIKsl iydh ^TA& jHdmD;s i|yd jQ jHdmD;s o;a; m;% jeo.;a ia:dkhkays§ cd;sl NdIdjkag mßj¾;kh fldg" tu mßj¾;s; msgm;a wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a fldg" WÑ; ud¾. fyda udOH Ndú;d lrñka foaYh ;=< ,nd .ekSug i,iajkq we;' fuu mßj¾;k kshuh fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul jk Èk fyda bka miqj ixl,am m;%sld wkqu; lrkq ,enQ Kh yd wdOdr m%odk jHdmD;s yd jHdmD;s-mQ¾j" iQodkï lsÍfï ;dlaIKsl iydh ^TA& jHdmD;s i|yd wod< fõ'

rdcH jHdmD;s i|yd jQ jHdmD;s o;a; m;%h

43' rcfha jHdmD;shla fyda jevigykla i|yd jQ ixl,am m;%sldj wkqu; l< jydu" wod, jHdmD;sh fyda jevigyk i|yd jQ uQ,sl jHdmD;s o;a; m;%h wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' uqo,a jdßl lSmhlska hq;= ^nyq Kh jdßl& uQ,HlrK myiqlul m<uqjekak i|yd jQ uQ,sl jHdmD;s o;a; m;%h" tys Khg wod< lreKq fiùfï lghq;= iïmQ¾K jQ jydu we;=<;a l< hq;= jk w;r" bka miq tla tla uqo,a jdßl i|yd jQ uQ,sl jHdmD;s o;a; m;%ho tajdfha Khg wod< lreKq fiùfï lghq;= iïmQ¾K jQ jydu we;=<;a l< hq;= h' lsisÿ Khg wod< lreKq fiùfï lghq;a;la isÿ fkdflfrkafka kï" wod<

9 WodyrK(- wd¾:sl” oßø;d yd ia;%S-mqreI iudcNdj úYaf,aIK iy fm!oa.,sl wxY yd rdcH md,k wjodkï ;lafiare

10 jHdmD;s o;a; m;%h ^PDS& 2005 m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a wjYH jQ jHdmD;s f;dr;=re ,sheú,a, ^PID& bj;a fldg tA fjkqjg wdfoaY flf¾’

11 wjika ks¾udK ie,iqu yd wëlaIK rduqieleiau o iNdm;sf.a ks¾foaYfha yd jd¾;dfõ fldgila jYfhka wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a flfrkq we;’

wkdjrK úia;r

16


uqo,a jdßlh i|yd jQ jdßl uQ,HlrK b,a,Su wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg ,enqKq jydu we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

44' jHdmD;sfha mj;sk ;;a;ajh ms<sìUq jk fia wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j jHdmD;s o;a; m;%h hdj;ald,Sk l< hq;= h' l%shdldrlï yd .eg¨" m%;sM,h lrd m%.;sh" iy l%shd;aul ùfuys m%.;sh ms<sìUq jk fia hdj;ald,Sk lsÍï j¾Ihg foj;djla iy thg wu;rj wjYH jk ljr wjia:djl jqjo isÿ lrkq ,efí' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j rdcH jHdmD;shla fyda jevigykla ;=< ish ksr; ùu yudr l< fyd;a" thg wod< jHdmD;s o;a; m;%fhys tfia wjika lsÍug fya;= fmkajk m%ldYhla we;=<;a l< hq;= h' tfia yudr lsÍfuka miq wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tfia wjika lrk ,o jHdmD;sh ms<sn| jHdmD;s o;a; m;%h ish fjí wvúh ;=< udi 12 l ld,hla ;nd .; hq;= h'

rdcH fkdjk jHdmD;s i|yd jQ jHdmD;s o;a; m;%h

45' hï rdcH fkdjk jHdmD;shla wOHlaI uKav,hg bÈßm;a lsÍug bv we;ehs wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ksYaph l< miqj" wOHlaI uKav,h úiska th i,ld n,kq ,nk Èkhg ,s;a Èk 30 l g fkdwvq ld,hlg fmr" ta iïnkaO jHdmD;s o;a; m;%h wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' mdßißl wdrlaIK ld¾hka Wfoid A m%fNaoh jYfhka j¾.SlrKh lrk ,o jHdmD;s iïnkaOfhka wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j wod< jHdmD;s o;a; m;% ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;af;a wOHlaI uKav, i,ld ne,Sï Èkhg Èk 120 l g fkdwvq ld,hlg fmr h'

46' jHdmD;sfha ;;a;ajh ms<sìUq lrkq msKsi wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j jHdmD;s o;a; m;%h wÆ;a lrkq we;' fuu hdj;ald,Sk lsÍï j¾Ihlg fojrla fyda wjYH úg isÿ flfrkqfha l%shdldrlï yd .egÆ" ixj¾Ok wNsu;d¾:hkaf.a ;;a;ajh" iy l%shd;aul lsÍfï m%.;sh ms<sìUq jk fia h' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j hï rdcH fkdjk jHdmD;shl ish ksr; ùu yudr l< úg" thg iïnkaO jHdmD;s o;a; m;%h ;=< wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ iïnkaOh yudr l< njg m%ldYhla we;=<;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= h' yudr lrk ,o jHdmD;sh i|yd jk jHdmD;s o;a; m;%h tfia yudr lsÍfï isg udi 12l ld,hla wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska mj;ajd .; hq;= h'

n,mEug ,la jQ ck;dj yd wfkl=;a Wkkaÿjla iys; fldgialrejka i|yd f;dr;=re

47' ldka;djka" È<s÷ wh yd fjk;a ÿn, ^wjodkï md;%& lKavdhï jeks hï Wkkaÿjla olajk fldgialrejka iy n,mEug ,la jk ck;dj iuÕ ixjdoh myiq lrùu msKsi" rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk jHdmD;s yd jevigyka ms<sn| f;dr;=re ^mdßißl yd idudÔh ldrKdjkao iu.ska& Tjqkag f;areï .; yels wdldrhlska" iajrEmhlska yd NdIdjkaf.ka Tjqkag msúish yels ia:dkhl§ ,nd .ekSug bv ie,ish hq;= h' tn÷ f;dr;=re iemfhk njg;a" fhdað; jHdmD;s ks¾udK ie,eiau ms<sn| m%;spdr ,nd .kakd njg;a" ta ms<sn|j Wkkaÿjla olajk fldgialrejka iuÕ ks;s iïnkaOh mj;ajd .kq msKsi jHdmD;s ksfhdað; ld¾hd,hla msysgqjk njg;a" j. n,d .kq msKsi wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j Kh .ekqïlre fyda fiajd,dNS iuÕ iómj lghq;= l< hq;= h' jHdmD;s ks¾udK ie,eiafï§ Tjqkaf.a woyia m%udKj;a f,i ie,ls,a,g .ekSug bv i,iñka" fuu l%shdj,sh jHdmD;sh iQodkï lsÍfï wÈhfrys uq,§ werfUkq we;' ;jo" jHdmD;s fyda jevigyka iQodkï lsÍu yd l%shdj,s.; lsÍu hk wÈhrj,§ iy yd l%shd;aul lsÍfï tla tla wÈhf¾§ È.gu l%shd;aul jkq we;' l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ fldgialrejkaf.a m%;spdr i|yd bv ie,fik njg ks¾udK ie,eiau iy;sl úh hq;= h' th isÿ jk njg wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j j. n,d .; hq;= h' tfukau wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j jHdmD;s úIhmßudj flfrys n,mdk iq¿ uQ,sl fjkialï ms<sn| WÑ; f;dr;=re ydkshg m;a fyda n,mEug ,la jk ck;dj yd fjk;a Wkkaÿjla olajk fldgialrejkag okajk njg j. n,d .; hq;= h'

48' by; 47 fþofha kshuhkag wdOdr jkq msKsi" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl foaYhkays wdKavqj,g yd fm!oa.,sl wxY fiajd,dNSkag jHdmD;s fyda jevigyka ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;shla ixj¾Okh lr .ekSfuys,d Wmldr lrkq we;s w;r" tu ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ydkshg m;a fyda n,mEug ,la jk ck;dj yd fjk;a Wkkaÿjla olajk fldgialrejkaf.a WmfoaYk yd iyNd.s;aj l%shdj,sfha wNHka;ßl fldgila jkq we;' Kh .ekqïlrejka yd fiajd,dNSkag wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= wdOdr l%shdldrlï ks¾udKh ie,eiqfï§ yd

17

l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ ydkshg m;a fyda n,mEug ,la jk ck;dj iïnkaO lr .ekSug tn÷ l%shdj,shla WmldÍ jk w;r" ydkshg m;a fyda n,mEug ,la jk ck;dj iuÕ ixjdohl kshef,k wdldrh yd f;dr;=re fj; ck;djf.a m%úIaGh mq¿,a lrk wdldrh ms<sn|j ú.%y lsÍu u.ska ìï uÜgfï wh yd isú,a iudc ixúOdkhka iïnkaO lr .ekSu jeä flfrkq we;' fuh isÿ lrkq we;af;a WmfoaYk yd iyNd.s;aj ie,eiau ^CPP& fyda jHdmD;s mßmd,k w;afmd;’ ^PAM& jeks úúO ,sheú,s ;=<( î& wkdjrKh l< hq;= f;dr;=re; îi& m%isoaO oekaùï i|yd jQ hdka;%K" NdIdj yd ld,kshuh; iy îii& f;dr;=re wkdjrKh fyda m%p,s; lsÍu l%shd;aul lsÍu yd wëlaIKh lsÍu i|yd jQ j.lSu hk fïjd oelaùu u.sks'

jHdmD;s wdrlaIK ,sheú,s

49' ydkshg m;a fyda n,mEug ,la jk ck;dj fj; f;dr;=re wkdjrKh ms<sn| wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ mdßißl yd idudÔh wdrlaIK kshuhka rdcH fkdjk yd rdcH hk jHdmD;s m%fNao fol iïnkaOfhkau tl iudk h'

50' Kh .ekqïlre iy$fyda fiajd,dNshd 51" 52 yd 53 fþoj, i|yka ,sheú,sj, f;dr;=reo we;=<;a lrñka mßirh" h,s mÈxÑ lsÍu yd iajfoaYsl ckhd ms<sn| WÑ; f;dr;=re ydkshg m;a fyda n,mEug ,la jk ck;djg f;areï .; yels wdldrhlska" iajrEmhlska yd NdIdjkaf.ka" Tjqkag m%úIaG úh yels ia:dkhl§ ,nd Èh hq;= h'12

mßirh

51' wdrlaIK m%;sm;a;s m%ldYh’^SPS& hgf;a we;s kshuhkag wkql+,j" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúh ;=< Kh .ekqïlre iy$fyda fiajd,dNS úiska imhk ,o my; i|yka ,sheú,s we;=<;a l< hq;= h(

î& ‘A’ mdßißl m%fNaofha jHdmD;shla iïnkaOfhka jQ úg" wOHlaI uKav,

i,ld ne,Sug hg;a msßfihska Èk 120 l g fmr mdßißl n,mEï ;lafiare ÊIA& flgqïm;a jd¾;djla;

îi& wod< jk wjia:djkays§ we.ehSug fmr" mdßißl ;lafiare yd iudf,dapk rduqieleiaul flgqïm;la;13

îii& wjidk mdßißl n,mEï ;lafiarej fyda uQ,sl mdßißl úu¾Ykh; ms<sfh, lr ;sfí kï:

îv& kj fyda hdj;ald,Sk lrk ,o mdßißl n,mEï ;lafiarej fyda uQ,sl mdßißl úu¾Yk jd¾;dj iy ksjerÈ lsÍfï l%shdud¾. ie,eiau jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu w;r;=r ms<sfh< lr ;sfí kï’ tajd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fj; ,enqKq jydu; iy

^v& mdßißl wëlaIK jd¾;d wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fj; ,enqKq jydu'

h,s mÈxÑh

52' wdrlaIK m%;sm;a;s m%ldYh hgf;a jQ wjYH;djhkag wkql+,j" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúh ;=< Kh .ekqïlre fyda fiajd,dNS úiska bÈßm;a lrk ,o my; i|yka ,sheú,s we;=<;a l< hq;= h(

î& we.ehSug fmr Kh .ekqïlre iy$fyda fiajd,dNS úiska w;aika lrk ,o" flgqïm;a l< h,s mÈxÑ lsÍfï ie,eiaula iy$fyda h,s mÈxÑ lsÍfï rduqjla ^13 mdol igyk&

îi& ydkshg m;a fyda n,mEug ,la jk ck;dj ms<sn| ix.Kkh iïmQ¾K lrkq ,enQ miqj Kh .ekqïlre iy$fyda fiajd,dNS úiska w;aika lrk ,o wjidk h,s mÈxÑ lsÍfï ie,eiau

îii& jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ ms<sfh< lr ;sfí kï" kj fyda hdj;ald,Sk lrk ,o h,s mÈxÑ lsÍfï ie,eiaula iy ksjerÈ lsÍfï l%shdud¾. ie,eiaula;

îv& yd h,s mÈxÑ lsÍfï wëlaIK jd¾;d tajd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fj; ,enqKq jydu'

12 fuu f;dr;=re ydkshg m;a fyda n,mEug ,la jk ck;djg f;areï .; yels NdIdjka j,ska f;dr;=re m;%sld” w;am;%sld fyda fmd;a msxp iajrEmfhka bÈßm;a l< yels h’ wl=re lshúh fkdyels wh fjkqfjka fjk;a iqÿiq ikaksfõok l%u Ndú;d flfrkq we;’

13 we.ehSu i|yd ;j;a fufyjrla wjYH fkdfõ kï” rdcH jHdmD;s i|yd l<uldlrK iudf,dapk /iaùug fyda m<uqjk ld¾huKav, iudf,dapk /iaùug fmro” rdcH fkdjk jHdmD;s i|yd wjidk wdfhdack lñgq /iaùug fmro fuu ,sheú,a, we;=<;a lrkq we;’

wkdjrK úia;r

18


wdÈjdiS ckfldÜGdi

53' wdrlaIK m%;sm;a;s m%ldYh hgf;a jQ wjYH;djhkag wkql+,j" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúh ;=< Kh .ekqïlre fyda fiajd,dNS úiska bÈßm;a lrk ,o my; i|yka ,sheú,s we;=<;a l< hq;= h(

î& we.ehSug fmr ^13 mdol igyk& Kh .ekqïlre iy$fyda fiajd,dNS úiska w;aika lrk ,o iajfoaYsl ck;d ie,eiau iajfoaYSh ck;d ie,eiau iy$fyda iajfoaYSh ck;d ie,iqï rduqieleiau

îi& wjidk iajfoaYSh ck;d ie,eiau ^wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fj; ,enqKq jydu&

îii& kj fyda hdj;ald,Sk lrk ,o iajfoaYSh ck;d ie,eiaula iy ;sfí kï" l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ ms<sfh< lrk ,o ksjerÈ lsÍfï l%shdud¾. ie,eiaula ^wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fj; ,enqKq jydu&; iy

îv& iajfoaYSh ck;d wëlaIK jd¾;d ̂ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fj; ,enqKq jydu&'

foaYSh wdrlaIK moaO;s

54' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ foaYSh wdrlaIK m%;sm;a;sh wkqj" ;u fjí wvúfha my; i|yka ,shlshú,s we;=<;a l< hq;=h jHdjydrfha fh§u i|yd jQ foaY wdrlaIK m%;sm;a;s m%ldYh hgf;a tk kshuhkag wkql+,j" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúh ;=< Kh .ekqïlre fyda fiajd,dNS úiska bÈßm;a lrk ,o my; i|yka ,sheú,s we;=<;a l< hq;= h(

î& ck;d woyia oelaùu msKsi" flgqïm;a lrk ,o cd;sl" Wm-cd;sl" wdxYSh fyda ksfhdað;dh;k uÜgfï ;=,H nj yd ms<s.; yels nj ms<sn| ;lafiare’ îïmQ¾K l< jydu&;

îi& ;=,H nj yd ms<s.; yels nj ms<sn| ;lafiare jd¾;d îïmQ¾K l< jydu&; iy

îii& ;sfí kï" foaY wdrlaIK moaO;sj, fjkialï ms<sìUq lrkq msKsi hdj;ald,Sk lrk ,o ;lafiare ^l%shd;aul l< jydu&

55' ms<s.; yels nj ms<sn| jHdmD;s uÜgfï ;lafiare wdY%s; wkdjrKh iïnkaOfhka wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk ,sheú,s wkdjrK l%shdj,sh jkq we;af;a" jHdmD;sh iQodkï lsÍfï § isÿ lrkq ,nk iy 51 isg 53 olajd jQ fþoj, wjOdkh fhduq fldg we;s idudkH wdrlaIK ,sheú,s wkdjrK l%shdj,shhs'

uQ,sl oßø;d iy iudchSh úYaf,aIKh

56' jHdmD;s ks¾udK ie,iqïlrKfha§ wduka;%Kh lsÍug wjYH jkq we;s WmfoaYk yd iyNd.s;ajh" ia;%S-mqreI iudcNdjh yd ixj¾Okh" iy idudÔh wdrlaIKh iy fjk;a idudÔh wjodkï jeks idudÔh .eg¨j, j;auka ;;a;ajh iy oßø;djfha úIhmßudj o ks¾Kh lrkq msKsi isÿ lrkq ,nk uQ,sl oßø;d iy iudchSh úYaf,aIKh ÎPSA& ishü wdfhdack jHdmD;s yd jevigyka iïnkaOfhka isÿ lrkq ,efí' rdcH jHdmD;s fyda jevigyka ioyd jk jHdmD;s fyda jevigyka ixl,am m;%sldj wkqu; lrk ,o jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúh ;=< uQ,sl oßø;d iy iudchSh úYaf,aIKh we;=<;a l< hq;= h' rdcH fkdjk jHdmD;shla iïnkaOfhka jQ úg" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúh ;=< uQ,sl oßø;d iy iudchSh úYaf,aIKh we;=<;a l< hq;af;a Kh wkqu; lsÍfï l%shdj,sh iïmQ¾K l< úg h'

;dlaIKsl iydh jd¾;d iy ;dlaIKsl iydh hgf;a ilia lrk ,o ,sheú,s

57' ;dlaIKsl iydh jd¾;djla hkq wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska ,nd fokq ,nk ;dlaIK wdOdr yd tys wruqo,a iïmdokh ms<sn|j ú.%y lrk ,sheú,a,ls' ;dlaIKsl iydh jd¾;dj ksis n,Odßhd úiska wkqu; lrkq ,enQ jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j th ish fjí wvúfha we;=<;a l< hq;= h' ;dlaIKsl iydh jHdmD;sh fj;ska W;amdokh lrk ,o wjidk úfYaI{ WmfoaYl jd¾;d iïmQ¾K l< jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tajd ish fjí wvúh ;=< we;=<;a l< hq;=h'14 m%;sm;a;s yd WmfoaYl ;dlaIKsl iydh iy Odß;d ixj¾Ok ;dlaIKsl iydh u.ska ixfõ§ ldrKdjka wdjrKh úh yels neúka" tn÷ ;dlaIKsl iydh hgf;a ilia lrk ,o wjika

14 fvd,¾ ñ,shk 1'5 olajd jQ jHdmD;s iQodkï ;dlaIKsl wdOdr iïnkaOfhka" jHdmD;sh i|yd jQ ixl,am m;%sldj wkqu; lrk ,o jydu ixl,am m;%sldjg wuqKk ,o ;dlaIKsl iydh jd¾;dj wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúfha we;=<;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'

19

jd¾;d wkdjrKh lsÍug úreoaO ùfï wjia:dj wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j wod< rchg ,nd Èh hq;= h' fuu m%;sm;a;sfhys wkdjrKhg mlaI mQ¾jdkqudkh g wkql+, jk fia" tn÷ ,sheú,s ixialrKh lsÍu fyda m%isoaêhg m;a fkdlr r|jd .ekSu fuu m%;sm;a;sfha jHd;sf¾Lhka u; mokï úh hq;= h'

iNdm;sjrhdf.a jd¾;dj" ks¾foaYh iy Wmldrl ,sheú,s

58' iNdm;sf.a jd¾;dj yd ks¾foaYh ^RRP& jkdys wOHlaI uKav,fha wkque;sh i|yd bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= jHdmD;s yd jevigyka ms<sn| ;Srl ,sheú,a,ls' rdcH jHdmD;s yd jevigyka i|yd jQ iNdm;sjrhdf.a jd¾;dj iy ks¾foaYh wOHlaI uKav,h w;r ixirKh lrkq ,nk wjia:dfõ§u" wod< idudðl rfÜ tlÕ;ajho we;sj" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j th ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' tf,i l,a we;sj wkdjrKh lsÍug wod< foaYh tlÕ fkdjkafka kï" iNdm;sjrhdf.a jd¾;dj iy ks¾foaYh wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j th ish fjí wvúfha we;=<;a l< hq;= h' iu.dój wkdjrKh lsÍu ms<sn| fuu wjYH;djh fuu m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jk Èk fyda thg miqj Kh i|yd idlÉPd flfrñka we;s wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= jHdmD;s yd jevigyka i|yd wod< fõ' l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn| úia;r ú.%y lrk jHdmD;s mßmd,k w;afmd; o we;=¿ rdcH jHdmD;s i|yd jQ iNdm;sjrhdf.a jd¾;djg iy ks¾foaYhg wod< ish¨ Wmldrl ,sheú,s" ^tajd iïnkaOfhka m%;sm;a;sh ;=< wkHdldrhlska i|yka jkafka kï yer"& iNdm;sjrhdf.a jd¾;dj iy ks¾foaYh wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrk wjia:dfõ§u" úoHq;a l%uhg iïnkaO lrk ,o" fjku we;s ,sheú,s jYfhka fjí wvúfhys we;=<;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'15 rdcH fkdjk jHdmD;s iïnkaOfhka iNdm;sjrhdf.a jd¾;dj iy ks¾foaYh’ wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tys

ixlaIsma; jd¾;djla ish fjí wvúfhys we;=<;a l< hq;= h' ryiH jHdmdßl f;dr;=reo" jHdmD;s fyda .kqfokq wjodkï ms<sn| wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ;lafiarejo tu jd¾;dfjka bj;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'

ffk;sl .súiqï

59' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul jk Èk fyda thg miqj t<fUk ,o .súiqï" tajd w;aika lrk ,o jydu" tajdfha we;s 97 fþofha olajd we;s jHd;sf¾Lhka we;=<;g .efkk tajd jYfhka idlÉPd wjia:dfõ§ y÷kd .kq ,nk ljr fyda f;dr;=re bj;a lsÍfuka miqj" ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'16 Kh .ekqïlre leue;s kï" b,a,Sula u; flgqïm;a l< ffk;sl .súiqï wkdjrKh lsÍug wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg yelsh' ffk;sl .súiqï ixfYdaOkh flreK fyd;a" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tajd l%shd;aul ùfuka i;s 2la we;=<;" tajdfha we;s 97 fþofha oelafjk jHd;sf¾Lhka we;=<;g .efkk tajd jYfhka idlÉPd wjia:dfõ§ y÷kd .kq ,nk ljr fyda f;dr;=re bj;a lsÍfuka miqj" tajd ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

60' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j rdcH jHdmD;s i|yd 1995 ckjdß 1 jk Èk iy 2005 iema;eïn¾ 1 jk Èk w;r t<fUk ,o ffk;sl .súiqï i|yd b,a,Sula ,enqKq úg" tajdfha we;s ryiH f;dr;=re jYfhka wod< rch úiska idlÉPd wjia:dfõ§ y÷kd .kq ,nk ljr fyda f;dr;=re bj;a lsÍfuka miqj" tajd ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;= h'

61' rdcH jHdmD;s i|yd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska 1995 ckjdß 1 jk Èkg fmr t<fUk ,o .súiqï iy tajdfha ixfYdaOk iïnkaOfhka b,a,Sula ,enqKq úg" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tu ,sheú,s ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaùug fmr" wod< rchkaf.a leue;a; ,nd .; hq;= h'17

15 WodyrK(- ffk;sl .súiqï16 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j mrudêm;s fkdjk jHdmD;s i|yd ;uka t<fUk ffk;sl .súiqï fyda tajdfha ixfYdaOk

wkdjrKh fkdl< hq;= h’17 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tn÷ ,sheú,s wkdjrKh lsÍu i|yd wod< rcfha leue;a; b,a,d ,s;a Èk 30 la

we;=<; tn÷ ,sheú,s wkdjrKh iïnkaOfhka wod< rch ish úreoaO;dj wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fj; oekqï fkdÿk fyd;a” wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tu .súiqï i|yd b,a,Su bÈßm;a lsÍfuka ,s;a Èk 60la we;=<; tu .súiqu ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;= h’

wkdjrK úia;r

20


ú.Kkh lrk ,o jHdmD;s .sKqï

62' fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul jk Èk fyda thg miqj idlÉPd lsÍug wod< wdrdOkh ksl=;a lrkq ,nk rdcH jHdmD;s iïnkaOfhka jQ ú.Kkh lrk ,o jd¾Isl jHdmD;s .sKqï wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'18

m%Odk fjkialï

63' jHdmD;s úIh m:hl hï m%Odk fjkila iïnkaOfhka jQ ,sheú,a,la wOHlaI uKav,h fj; bÈßm;a lrkq ,enQ úg" tu fjki wkqu; lrkq ,enQ jydu" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tu ,sheú,a, ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' rdcH fkdjk jHdmD;s i|yd" ryiH jHdmdßl f;dr;=re bj;a lrñka ixlaIsma; msgm;la fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrkq ,efí'

m%;sm;a;s mdol Kh uqo,aj, yd wdOdr m%odkhkays uqo,a fldgia uqod yeÍu ms<sn| m%.;s jd¾;d

64' uqo,a fldgia uqod yeÍu ms<sn| m%.;s jd¾;d u.ska ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rgj,a fj; ,nd fokq ,nk m%;sm;a;s mdol Khuqo,a yd wdOdr m%odkhkays fldkafoais ms,sme§u yd l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn|j iudf,dapkh yd ;lafiare flf¾' tn÷ jd¾;d l<ukdlrK uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tajd ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

iïmQ¾K lsÍfï jd¾;d

65' jHdmD;s" jevigyka yd ;dlaIKsl iydh iïmQ¾K lsÍfï jd¾;djka wOHlaI uKav,h w;r ixirKh lrkq ,enQ jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tajd ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' rdcH fkdjk jHdmD;shla i|yd jQ" jHdma; jd¾Isl iudf,dapk jd¾;djla f,i o ye¢kafjk’" iïmQ¾K lsÍfï jd¾;djla tys jdKsc jYfhka ixfõ§ yd ryiH jHdmdßl f;dr;=re bj;a fldg" ixlaIsma; iajrEmhlska we;=<;a flfrkq we;'

jHdmD;sj,g yd jevigykaj,g wod< fjk;a f;dr;=re

iajdëk we.ehSï

66' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fjys iajdëk we.ehSï fomd¾;fïka;=j ^IED& úiska ie,iqï lrk ,o iajdëk we.hSï ,ehsia;=jla wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrkq ,nk wod< Èkfha isg bÈßhg 3-wjqreÿ ld,hla i|yd jQ ks;s w¨;a jk ld¾h jevigykla u; fuu ,ehsia;=j mokï jkq we;'

67' wOHlaI uKav,fha ixj¾Ok ld¾hidOl;aj lñgqj úiska idlÉPdjg Ndckh lrkq ,enQ jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= iajdëk we.hSï fomd¾;fïka;=fõ’ jd¾Isl we.ehSï jd¾;d yer" wka ish¨ iajdëk we.ehSï jd¾;d l<ukdldß;ajh yd wOHlaI uKav,h w;r ixirKh lrkq ,enQ jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tajd ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' rdcH fkdjk fufyhqïj, we.ehSï iïnkaOfhka" tajdfha jdKsc jYfhka ixfõ§ yd ryiH jHdmdßl f;dr;=re bj;a lr" ixialrKh lrk ,o msgm;la wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrkq ,efí'

68 ixj¾Ok ld¾hidOl;aj lñgqj úiska idlÉPd lrkq ,nk we.ehSï jd¾;d iïnkaOfhka" ixj¾Ok ld¾hidOl;aj lñgq /iaùfï uQ,dikdêm;sjrhdf.a idrdxYh wOHlaI uKav,h w;r ixirKh lrkq ,enQ jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j wod< jd¾;dj ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' tfukau iajdëk we.hSïj,g l<ukdldß;ajfha m%;spdr iy l<uldß;ajfha m%d;spdrh iïnkaOfhka iajdëk we.hSï fomd¾;fïka;=fõ woyia o ^;sfí kï"& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

18 ú.Kkh lrk ,o jd¾Isl jHdmD;s .sKqï wkdjrKh lsÍu i|yd jQ l%shdmámdá ms<sn|j tla tla Kh .ekqïlre iuÕ idlÉPd fldg tlÕ;ajhg meñfKkq we;s w;r” th tla tla jHdmD;sh i|yd jQ Kh .súiqfï fldgila njg m;a lrkq ,efí’

21

yjq,a uQ,HlrK f;dr;=re 69' yjq,a uQ,HlrKh wjYH jk jHdmD;sj, idrdxYhla wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' m%Odk kshuhka yd fldkafoais jeks yjq,a uQ,HlrK jHdmD;s ms<sn| f;dr;=reo ;sfí kï" tu f;dr;=re wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrk wod< ;dlaIKsl iydh ms<sn| jd¾;d fyda iNdm;sjrhdf.a jd¾;d iy ks¾foaYhkays we;=<;a úh hq;= h' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j iy ljr fyda oaùmd¾Yaúl fyda nyqmd¾Yaúl yjq,a uQ,H iïmdolhl= w;r jQ jHdmD;s-úfYaIs; yjq,a uQ,HlrK .súiqï" rduq .súiqï" yd Ndrldr;aj wruqo,a .súiqï we;=¿ tn÷ ks, yjq,a uQ,HlrKhka i|yd jQ yjq,a uQ,Hiïmdok .súiqï iïnkaOfhka b,a,Sï ,o úg" yjq,a uQ,H iïmdol úreoaO fkdjkafka kï" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tajd ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;= h'

¥IK úfrdaë f;dr;=re

70' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ¥IK úfrdaë yd wjxl;aj ld¾hd,fha jd¾Isl jd¾;d iïmQ¾K l< jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tajd ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'19 úu¾Yk j,ska yd jHdmD;s m%iïmdok wdY%s; iudf,dapk j,ska u;= flfrk .egö iqúfYaIS ks¾foaYhka iy úu¾Ykhka ms<sn| ixLHd o;a; f;dr;=reo ¥IK úfrdaë yd wjxl;aj ld¾hd,fha jd¾Isl jd¾;d ;=< we;=<;a fõ' ¥IK úfrdaë yd wjxl;aj ld¾hd,h úiska fufyhjkq ,nk jHdmD;s m%iïmdok wdY%s; iudf,dapkhka iïmQ¾K lrk ,o jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tajd ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrkq we;' m%;sm;a;sfha mQ¾jdkqñ; wkdjrKfha jHd;sf¾Lhka hg;g .efkk f;dr;=re bj;a lrkq msKsi ¥IK úfrdaë yd wjxl;aj ld¾hd,fha jd¾;d ixialrKh lrkq ,eìh hq;= h' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg ish idudðl rgj, rchka iuÕ úu¾Ykhkays m%;sM, fnodyod .; yels h'

71' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish idudðl rgj, wdKavq" fjk;a nyqmd¾Yaúl ixj¾Ok nexl=" oaùmd¾Yaúl yjq,a uQ,H iïmdolhska" iy oek .ekSfï wjYH;djla m%o¾Ykh l< fjk;a wh iuÕ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska ;ykï lrk ,o md¾Yajhka ms<sn| f;dr;=re fnodyod .kq we;' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ;yxÑ mekjQ wdh;khka ms<sn|j f;dr;=re ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= jk w;r" thg fuu ,ehsia;=o we;=¿ úh hq;= h( î& ish jrh W,a,x>Kh lr we;s jdrKh lrk ,o wdh;khka; îi& fojk fyda f;jk jrg;a wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ¥IK u¾Ok m%;sm;a;sh ^1998" fï olajd ixfYdaê;dldrfhka& W,a,x>Kh lr we;s jdrKh lrk ,o md¾Yajhka; îii& idOdrK m%h;akhka .kq ,enqjo iïnkaO lr .; fkdyels jdrKhg ,la jQ md¾Yajhka; iy îv& yria ;yku i|yd fjk;a nyqmd¾Yaúl ixj¾Ok nexl= iuÕ we;s lr .;a tlÕ;ajhg wkqj jdrKhg ,la lrk ,o md¾Yajhka ms<sn| ,ehsia;= thg we;=<;a h'20

m%;sm;a;s iy Wmdhud¾.

ck;d WmfoaYkhkag hg;a m%;sm;a;s iy Wmdhud¾.

72' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish wdrlaIK" wdxYSh yd f;auduh m%;sm;a;s yd Wmdhud¾. ixj¾Okh lsÍfï§ yd iudf,dapkh lsÍfï§ ish fldgiaysñhkaf.a iy fjk;a Wkkaÿjla olajk fldgialrejkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh m;hs' ks;s hdj;ald,Sk flfrk mokñka" B<. udi 12 uq¿,af,a ixj¾Okh yd iudf,dapkh lrkq ,eîug kshñ; m%;sm;a;s yd Wmdhud¾. ,ehsia;=jla wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' ndysr fm%alaIlhska iuÕ uqyqKg uqyqK,d flfrk /iaùï o we;=¿ WmfoaYkhka ms<sn| ie,iqï iïmQ¾K l< jydu tu ie,iqï wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' tn÷ m%;sm;a;s fyda Wmdhud¾. m;%sldjl

19 ¥IK u¾Ok yd tald.%;d ld¾hd,h jkdys wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska uQ,H iïmdokh lrkq ,nk l%shdldrlï fyda ld¾huKav, idudðlhska iïnkaO jxpd” ¥IK fyda wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= ¥IK u¾Ok m%;sm;a;sh wdY%s; fjk;a W,a,x>Kh lsÍï ms<sn| fpdaokd Ndr .ekSu yd úu¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd jQ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska kï lr we;s kdNSh ,CIHhhs’

20 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j” wm%sldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j” wka;¾ wfußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j” m%;sixialrKh yd ixj¾Okh i|yd jQ hqfrdamSh nexl=j” iy f,dal nexl= iuQyh w;r 2010 wfm%a,a 9 Èk ;ykï ;SrK wfkHakH jYfhka n,d;aul lsÍfï .súiqu( http://www.adb.org/documents/agreement-mutual-enforcement-debarment-decisions

wkdjrK úia;r

22


hg;a msßfihska tla flgqïm;la fyda wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lr ;sìh hq;= h' ck;d WmfoaYk l%shdj,shlg Ndckh ù we;s m%;sm;a;s yd Wmdhud¾.hka ms<sn| ld¾h m;%sld yd wjidk fhdackd wOHlaI uKav,h w;r ixirKh lrk wjia:dfõ§u wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tajd ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' fuu kshuh fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul jk Èk fyda thg miqj wOHlaI uKav,h w;r ixirKh lrk m%;sm;a;s yd Wmdhud¾.hka ms<sn| ld¾h m;%sldj,g yd wjidk fhdackdj,g wod< úh hq;=h'

fjk;a m%;sm;a;s yd Wmdhud¾.

73' fjk;a wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= m%;sm;a;s yd Wmdhud¾.hka ms<sn| ld¾h m;%sld wkqu; fyda w;aika lrk ,o jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tajd ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

uQ,dik iNdm;sf.a idrdxYh

74' wOHlaI uKav,fha úêu;a /iaùul§ wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; fyda w;aika lrk ,o tla tla m%;sm;a;sh fyda Wmdhud¾.h i|yd jQ idrdxYhla th wjika jYfhka wOHlaI uKav,h w;r ixirKh lrkq ,enQ jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j th ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

fufyhqï Í;s yd ld¾hmámdá

75' fufyhqï Wmfoia ud,dfõ j.ka;s ^nexl=fõ m%;sm;a;s yd fufyhqï ld¾hmámdá&" jHdmD;s mßmd,k Wmfoia" yd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fufyhqï ms<sn| ld¾huKav, w;afmd;a ld¾huKav,h fj; ksl=;a lrk ,o jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tajd ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

fjk;a f;dr;=re

m%iïmdokh

76' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j my; oelafjk f;dr;=re yd ,sheú,s ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h(

î& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ uQ,HlrKh

i|yd ms<sfh< flfrñka we;s tla tla rdcH

jHdmD;sh i|yd jQ jHdmdßl wjia:djkays

,ehsia;=jla ^wOHlaI uKav,h úiska

y÷kd .ekSfï isg wkqu; lsÍu olajd&; îi& ^w& m<uq udi 18 ;=< jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul

lsÍug wjYH jk NdKav" ld¾hka" iy

úfYaI;aj WmfoaYl;ajhka yd fjk;a

fiajdjka i|yd jQ tla tla fldka;%d;a;=j; ^wd& tla tla fldka;%d;a;=j i|yd jQ

fhdað; m%iïmdok l%u; ^we& wod< jk

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= iudf,dapk

ld¾hmámdáh hk fïjd úia;r flfrk"

jHdmD;s mßmd,k Wmfoia ud,dfõ21

fldgila jYfhka we;s" jHdmD;sh i|yd

jk Kh.ekqïlref.a m%iïmdok ie,eiau;îii& m%iïmdok ie,eiaug Kh.ekqïlref.a

hdj;ald,Sk lsÍï; ^jHdmD;s ld,h ;=<

wvq ;rñka wjqreoaolg jrla j;a&

îv& WfoHda.h m, lsÍu" mQ¾j iqÿiqlï

,eîu" fyda cd;Hka;r ;r.ldÍ ,xiq

m%iïmdokhka yd úfYaI{ WmfoaYl;aj

mejreï hk fïjd i|yd l%shdfõ fhoùfï

ksfhdað;dh;k fyda wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=j úiska úfYaIs; oekaùï f,i ksl=;a

lrkq ,nk ishÆu werhqï; ^v& fldka;%d;alref.a ku" fldka;%d;a;=fõ

úia;rhla" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

úiska uQ,H iïmdokh lrkq ,nk

fldka;%d;a m%odk uqo," iy tla tla ;r.

lrk ,xiqlref.a ku hk fïjd olajñka

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= .sKqï fmd;aj,

we;=<;a lrk ,o ishÆu fldka;%d;a;=

m%odkhka; iy

^vi& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ wdh;ksl

m%iïmdokhka iïnkaOfhka" ,xiq

fyda fhdackd i|yd jQ werhqï iy

m%Odk m%iïmdok wNHdihka i|yd jQ

fldka;%d;a;= m%odkhka'

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= wruqo,a ,nk rgj, foaY ld¾hidOk ;lafiarej

77' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fY%aKslrK m%;sm;a;sh wdishdkq ixj¾Ok wruqof,a ÂDF&

21 jHdmD;s mßmd,k Wmfoia ud,djo we;=¿j iNdm;sf.a jd¾;dj yd ks¾foaYh yd Wmldrl ,sheú,s wkdjrKh i|yd jQ ld, kshuh i|ydo 58 fþoh n,kak’

23

iïm;a i|yd hul= iqÿiqo" kqiqÿiqo hk nj ks¾Kh lrhs'22 ld¾hidOk-mdol m%;smdok m%;sm;a;sh u.ska" iqÿiqlï ,;a rgj,a i|yd jQ m%;smdokhka iïnkaOfhka uÕ fmkajk uQ,O¾u yd ks¾Kdhl ks¾jpkh lrkq ,efí'23 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok wruqof,a iïm;a fj; m%úIaGh we;s tla tla rg iïnkaOfhka" ixLHd;aul ld¾hidOk fY%aKs.; lsÍïo we;=¿j foaYSh ld¾hidOk ;lafiare ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;djla iïmQ¾K lrkq ,enQ jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j th ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' foaY m%;sm;a;sh yd wdh;ksl ;lafiare i|yd jQ ud¾f.damfoaYhkao wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'

jd¾Isl jd¾;dj" wd¾:sl o;a; iy m¾fhaIK

78' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish jd¾Isl jd¾;dj fukau wdishdkq ixj¾Ok oelau" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok oelau ms<sn| hdj;ald,Sk jd¾;dj" iy wd¾:sl yd idudÔh o;a;" úYaf,aIK yd mqfrdal:khka we;=<;a jeo.;a o¾Ylhka ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

79' tfukau wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j wka;¾cd,.; fmd;a" iuq¿ ksnkaO" jdr iÕrd yd wOHhkhka ms<sn| mQ¾K kdudj,shlao" m¾fhaIK" jd¾;d yd úYaf,aIKhka wvx.= ;dlaIKsl iïmsKavkhlao ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrkq we;'

mßmd,k iy fjk;a f;dr;=re

80' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j my; oelafjk ,sheú,s yd f;dr;=re ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'(

î& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j msysgqùfï .súiqu ^m%{ma;sh&;

îi& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ w;=re kS;s; îii& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ md,kdêldÍ

uKav,fha ld¾hmámdá Í;s; îv& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ wOHlaI

uKav,fha ld¾hmámdáuh Í;s;

^v& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ uQ,ia:dkh

iïnkaOfhka wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

iy ms,smSk ckrch w;r .súiqu; ^vi& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j yd tys idudðl

rgj,a w;r i;aldrl rg i|yd jQ .súiqï

^wod< idudðl rfÜ tlÕ;ajhg hg;aj&; ^vii& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= idudðl

,ehsia;=j" Tjqkaf.a odhl m%d.aOkh" iy

Pkao n,h; ^viii& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ixúOdk

jHqyh; îx& md,kdêldÍ uKav,fha idudðl

,ehsia;=j; ^x& wOHlaI uKav,fha idudðl ,ehsia;=j iy

Tjqkaf.a Pkaoodhl lKavdhï; ^xi& wOHlaI uKav,fha lñgq ,ehsia;=j iy

tjdfha idudðlfhda; ^xii& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ

l<ukdldß;ajfha iy fcHIaG

ld¾huKav,fha idudðl ,ehsia;=j; iy

^xiii& by; tla tla fldgialrejka iïnkaO lr

.kq msKsi wjYH jk f;dr;=re'

81' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish jd¾Isl /iaùïj,§ md,kdêldß uKav,h .;a ;SrKhka yd md,kdêldÍjreka meje;ajQ l:do we;=<;a idrdxY jd¾;djka wod< jd¾Isl /iaùfï Èk isg Èk 60la we;=<; ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' wOHlaI uKav,h wkdjrKh lsÍug n,h fokafka kï" fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul jk Èkfhka miqj iïu; lr .kq ,nk fjk;a fhdackd iïu;hka ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

82' tla tla uQ,H j¾Ih i|yd jQ ld¾h jevigyk iy whjeh rduqj wOHlaI uKav,h úiska idlÉPdjg Ndckh lrk ,o jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tajd ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

83' rgj,aj, j¾.SlrKhka wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=j tajd ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

22 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j’ 2008’ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ 1998 fY%aKslrK ld¾hmámdáh ms<sn| iudf,dapkh’ ueks,d(

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j’ 1998’ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ixj¾Okh jk idudðl rgj,a i|yd jQ fY%aKslrK m%;sm;a;shla’Y=oaêm;%h 1’ ueks,d’

23 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j’ 2008 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok wruqof,a ld¾hidOkh mokï lr .;a m%;smdokhka iqiE§u

wkdjrK úia;r

24


84' wOHlaI uKav,fha ld¾h igyka ^Æyq~q jd¾;d& ryiHhs'24 flfia jqjo" m%;sm;a;sfha l%shd;aul Èkhg miqj mj;ajk ,o úêu;a wOHlaI uKav, /iaùul idlÉPd jpkfhka jpkhg ,shk ,o jd¾;d ;=< m%;sm;a;s jHd;sf¾Lhka we;=<;g .efkk hï f;dr;=rla wvx.= fkdjkafka kï fyda tn÷ f;dr;=rla fj; wjOdkh fhduq lrkafka ke;s kï" tu ,sheú,s ks¾udKh l< Èk isg j¾I 10lg miqj b,a,Sula u; tu jd¾;djka mQ¾K f,iu wkdjrKh lsÍug wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg yels h'

85' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúhg î& bÈß i;s 3 ;=< wOHlaI uKav,h úiska i,ld ne,Sug kshñ; lghq;= ms<sn| ;djld,sl f,aLkh we;=<;a l< hq;= h; iy îi& wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o wOHlaI uKav, ks;H /iaùul ld¾higyka ^Æyq~q jd¾;d& tu /iaùfuka ,s;a Èk 60la bl=;a ùug fmr we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

86' uKav, lñgq fj;ska mQ¾K wOHlaI uKav,h fj; tjk jd¾;djka fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= hehs lñgqj fhdackd lrkafka kï o" wOHlaI uKav,h wkqu; lrkafka kïo" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúhg tu jd¾;djka we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

uQ,H f;dr;=re

87' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish idudkH m%d.aOk iïm;a iy úfYaI wruqo,a25 ms<sn| ú.Kkh lrk ,o uQ,H m%ldYhka26 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ md,kdêldÍ uKav,fha jd¾Isl /iaùug fmr ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

88' wOHlaI uKav,fha wkque;sh ,o jydu my; i|yka foa wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'(

î& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fjys idudkH m%d.aOk iïm;a ms<sn|jo" tla tla wruqof,a uQ,H o;a;o we;=¿j úfYaI wruqo,a ms<sn|jo" l<ukdldß;ajfha idlÉPdj yd úYaf,aIKh;

îi& ú.Kkh fkdlrk ,o ixlaIsma; ff;%udisl uQ,H m%ldY;

îii& ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rgj, Kh wdmiq f.ùu ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;dj; iy

îv& tla tla uQ,H j¾Ih i|yd jQ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ whjeh'

89' uyck;dj fj; flfrk fldgia ksl=;=j,§ wod< uQ,H fj<|m, md,kh jk kS;s Í;s fyda fr.=,disj,g wkqj th rcfha ksfhdað;dh;khl f,aLkj, we;=<;a l< hq;= jk úg" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tu fldgia ksl=;=j ms<sn| ,sheú,s ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

fiajl f;dr;=re

90' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ̂ i& ish uQ,sl jegqma jHqyh; îi& l<ukdldß;ajfha yd ld¾huKav,fha jegqma uÜgï yd m%;s,dN ksYaph lsÍfï§ Ndú;d flfrk l%ufõoh; îii& l<ukdldß;ajfha yd wOHlaI uKav, idudðlhskaf.a jd¾Isl mdol jegqma; iy îv& ld¾huKav,h n|jd .ekSu" ;k;=rl msysgqùu" h,s ia:dk.; lsÍu" iy fiajfha r|jd .ekSu iïnkaO tys mq¿,a wruqKq ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' tfukau wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish ;k;=rla msrùug wfmalaId flfrk wjia:djg hg;a msßfihska i;s 2lg fmr ld¾huKav, n|jd .ekSï i|yd jQ ;k;=re ms<sn| úia;r ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' mßmd,k úksYaph iNdfjka hï ;SrKhla we;=<;a lrk f,i oekaùula ,o jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tu tla tla ;SrKh ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= j.ùï hdka;%Kh hgf;a ckkh lrk ,o f;dr;=re

91' l<ska l< ixfYdaê;dldrfhka" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= j.ùï hdka;%K m%;sm;a;sfha úêúOdk i,iajd we;s mßÈ" j.ùï hdka;%Kh hgf;a bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk f;dr;=re wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

24 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j 1966 n,kak’ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ wOHlaI uKav,fha ld¾hmámdá Í;s’ ueks,d’ 9 j.ka;sh’ tfukau fuu ,sheú,af,a 97 îii& fþoho n,kak’

25 WodyrK(- wdishdkq ixj¾Ok wruqo, iy ;dlaIKsl wdOdr úfYaI wruqo,26 md,l uKav,h ú.Kkh lrk ,o uQ,H m%ldYhka jd¾Isl uyd /iaùfï§ wkqu; lrhs’

25

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= wruqo,a i|yd jQ idlÉPd wdY%s; f;dr;=re

92' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j idudkHfhka wdmiq f.jd we;s uq,a uqo,a h,s ,nd §u i|yd jQ idlÉPd wdY%s; f;dr;=re iy uOH-jdr iudf,dapkhka ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrhs' wdOdrlrejkaf.a /iaùïj,§ uQ,H fkdjk idlÉPd ksnkaOkhka wod< wdOdr iïmdolhska fj; ixirKh lrkq ,enQ jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tajd ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' tla tla /iaùulg miqj tys uQ,dik iNdm;sf.a idrdxYh wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' wdOdr imhkakkaf.a jd¾;dj wOHlaI uKav,h úiska w;aika lrk ,o jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j th ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

wOHlaI uKav,h fj; bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk fjk;a ,sheú,s

93' m%;sm;a;sh ;=< olajd fkdue;s f;dr;=re fyda wkque;sh i|yd wOHlaI uKav,h w;r ixirKh lrkq ,nk ,sheú,s iïnkaOfhka l<ukdldß;ajh úiska wkHdxldrhlska kshu lrkq ,en" ta i|yd wOHlaI uKav,h tlÕ jkafka kï yer" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tn÷ ,sheú,s ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

mQ¾jdkqudk wkdjrKhg jHd;sf¾L

94' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ f;dr;=re wkdjrKhg mlaI mQ¾jdkqudkfha jHd;sf¾Lhka 97 iy 101 fþohkays oelafõ' hï f;dr;=rla wkdjrKh lsÍfuka úfYaIs; md¾Yajhkag fyda wNs,dIhkag we;s úh yels ydksh bka w;a jk fmdÿ hym; wNsnjd hhs fyda hdug bv we;ehs hk wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ;SrKh u; fuu jHd;sf¾Lhka ,ehsia;=j mokïj ;sfí'

95' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lsÍug hg;a hï ,sheú,a,l jHd;sf¾Lhla hg;g .efkk f;dr;=re wvx.= ùu fya;=fjkau tu ,sheú,a, ^fyda bka fldgila& tfia ish fjí

wvúhg we;=<;a fkdflreK fyd;a" tu ,sheú,a, fyda bka bj;a lrk ,o f;dr;=re ms<sn|j i|yka lsÍu u.ska jHd;sf¾Lhla W,a,x>Khla lsÍula fkdjkafka kï" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tu ,sheú,a, fyda bj;a lrk ,o f;dr;=re ms<sn|j i|yka l< hq;= h'27 hï flkl= f;dr;=re b,a,d isák úg" tu ,nd Èh hq;= ,sheú,a,l fldgil we;s f;dr;=reo jHd;sf¾Lhlg hg;a jkafka kï" tu f;dr;=re ,sheú,af,ka bj;a fldg tfia bj;a lsÍug fya;=j tu ,sheú,a, b,a¨ ;eke;a;dg oekqï Èh hq;= h'28

96' hï f;dr;=rla b,a,k ,ÿj" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j tu f;dr;=re ,nd §fuka fyda ,nd Èh fkdyels ùug fya;= ,nd §fuka miqj" tfia f;dr;=re b,a¨ ;eke;a;d" ixúOdkh fyda lKavdhu úiskau h<s;a j;djla tu f;dr;=reu b,a,d kej; kej;;a lrkq ,nk fyda widOdrK b,a,Sï bgq lsÍug fyda m%;spdr oelaùu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg kshu fkdl< hq;= h'

j;auka f;dr;=re

97' 99 fþofha úêúOdkhkag hg;aj" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j my; i|yka jk f;dr;=re wkdjrKh fkdl< hq;=h(

idlÉPd iy ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sh ^i& hï f;dr;=rla fy<s lsÍu ksid

md,kdêldÍjreka iy Tjqkaf.a úl,am ks,OdÍka" wOHlaI uKav, idudðlhska" wOHlaIjrekaf.a WmfoaYljreka" l<ukdldß;ajfha idudðlhska" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= ld¾huKav,h yd úfYaI{ WmfoaYljreka w;r wNHka;r ,sheú,s" ixfoaY yd fjk;a ta iudk ikaksfõokhka we;=¿ yDohx.u woyia yd f;dr;=re yqjudre lr .ekSï miqnEug ,la lsÍfuka wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ idlÉPd yd ;SrK .ekSï l%shdj,sfha wjxlNdjh wk¾:hla isÿ fõ kï fyda isÿ jk iq¿ kï" tn÷ f;dr;=re

^ii& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j iy tys idudðlhska yd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j iyfhda.s;ajh we;s lr .kakd

27 bj;a lrk ,o fyda ixialrKh lrk ,o ,sheú,af,a YS¾Ihu iys; fjí msgqfjys tu ,sheú,a, ms<sn|j fyda tys f;dr;=re i|yka flfrkq we;’

28 84 fþofha i|yka jQ mßÈ” wOHlaI uKav, /iaùïj, w;amsgm;a ixialrKh lrkq fkd,efí’ tajd ;=< jHd;sf¾Lhka hg;g .efkk f;dr;=re wvx.= jqjfyd;a tajd wkdjrKh fkdflf¾’

wkdjrK úia;r

26


fjk;a wdh;khka w;r" idlÉPd yd ;SrK .ekSï l%shdj,sfha§" úfYaIfhka ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rgj,a iuÕ m%;sm;a;s ixjdoh iïnkaOfhka jQ idlÉPd yd ;SrK .ekSï l%shdj,sfha§" yqjudre jQ" tu l%shdj<sh i|yd ms<sfh, lrk ,o" fyda thska ,nd .;a hï f;dr;=rla fy<s lsÍu ksid wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j iy tys idudðlhska yd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j iyfhda.s;ajh we;s lr .kakd fjk;a wdh;khka w;r yDohx.u woyia yd f;dr;=re yqjudre lr .ekSï iy ikaksfõokhka miqnEug ,la lsÍfuka idlÉPd yd ;SrK .ekSï l%shdj,sfha tald.%;djh fyda wjxlNdjhg wk¾:hla isÿ fõ kï fyda isÿ jk iq¿ kï" tn÷ f;dr;=re

^iii& wOHlaI uKav,fha /iaùï29 jpkfhka jpkhg igyka l< jd¾;djka yer" tys /iaùïj, jd¾;d ^84 fþofha úêúOdk i,iajd we;s mßÈ&" wOHlaI uKav, /iaùïj, Æyq~q ld¾higyka ^85 fþoh&" iy hï wOHlaI uKav, /iaùïj, uQ,dik iNdm;sf.a idrdxYhka

ryiH f,i ,nd fokq ,nk f;dr;=re

idudðlhl= úiska fyda cd;Hka;r ixúOdkhla úiska ryiH f,i imhkq ,nkakd jQ o" fy<s l< fyd;a wod< md¾Yajh fyda wka ljr fyda idudðlhl= iuÕ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ in|;djkag b;du;a ydkslr jk fyda ùug bv we;s f;dr;=re

^v& hï md¾Yajhla úiska wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fj; imhkq ,nkakd jQ o" fy<s lrkq ,enqj fyd;a tu md¾Yajfha fyda wod< f;dr;=rej, uQ,dY%h jQ fjk;a md¾Yajhl jdKscuh fyda uQ,H wNs,dIhkag iy$fyda ;r.ldÍ ;;a;ajhg b;du;a ydkslr jkakd jQ o" ^whs;sldr f;dr;=reo we;=¿& f;dr;=re fyda ryiH jHdmdßl f;dr;=re ^wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fiajd,dNSka

iy$fyda fjk;a iïnkaê; md¾Yajhla iuÕ we;s lr .;a ryiH .súiqula fyda wkdjrKh fkdlsÍu ms<sn| .súiqula u.ska wdjrKh flfrk f;dr;=re&

^vi& jxpdjla" ¥IKhla fyda wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ¥IK úfrdaë m%;sm;a;sh W,a,x>Kh lrk fjk;a l%shd ms<sn|j fpdaokd lrñka ryiH f,i wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fj; imhk ,o f;dr;=re ^wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= ld¾huKav, kS;sÍ;s yd úu¾Yk ms<sn| kS;s Í;sj,ska wjir fok m%udKhg yer iy tajdg wkql+, jk m%udKhg yer&" fukau tu fpdaokdj t,a, lrk md¾Yajfha ^fy<sorõlref.a [úis,a msôkakdf.a]& wkkH;djh ^Tyq $ weh ish wkkH;djh fy<s lrkjdg leu;s fkdjkafka kï&;

mqoa.,sl f;dr;=re

^vii& wOHlaI uKav, idudðlhska" wOHlaIjrekaf.a WmfoaYlhska"

l<ukdldß;ajfha idudðlhska" wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl= ld¾huKav,h iy

úfYaI{ WmfoaYlhska wdY%s; jQo"

wkdjrKh lrkq ,enqj fyd;a wod<

;eke;a;df.a kS;Hdkql+, fm!oa.,sl;aj

whs;sjdislïj,g ydkslr jkakd

jQ fyda ydkslr ùug bv we;s jQ o

mqoa.,sl f;dr;=re' fuhg wOHlaI

uKav, idudðlhska" wOHlaIjrekaf.a

WmfoaYlhska" l<ukdldß;ajfha

idudðlhska" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=

ld¾huKav,h iy úfYaI{ WmfoaYlhska

wdY%s; jQ /lshd kshqla;s kshuhka"

ld¾hidOk we.ehSï yd mqoa.,sl fi!LH

f;dr;=re" ld¾huKav, m;a lsÍï yd

f;aÍï l%shdj,Ska ms<sn| f;dr;=re"

mqoa.,sl ikaksfõok ms<sn| f;dr;=re

fukau wNHka;r .egqï ksrdlrK lghq;=

yd wNshdpk hdka;%K iy úu¾Ykhka

wdY%s; f;dr;=re ^wod< ld¾huKav,h

29 fuu m%;sm;a;sfha ld¾hka i|yd wOHlaI uKav, idlÉPd hkafkka wOHlaI uKav,fha yd wOHlaI uKav, lñgqj, idlÉPd woyia flfrk w;r” tys idlÉPdj, jd¾;djkag wOHlaI uKav, fyda wOHlaI uKav, lñgqj, lrk ,o m%ldYhka” bÈßm;a lrk ,o m%ldYhka” /iaùïj, lrk ,o l:dny igyka” tajd ms<sn|j mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk jd¾;d” jpkfhka jpkhg igyka lrk ,o jd¾;d” Æyq~q ld¾higyka” iy wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j l<ukdldß;ajh” fomd¾;fïka;= fyda wOHlaI uKav, f,alï w;r úoHq;a we;=¿ ljr fyda iajrEmj,ska bÈßm;a lrk ,o ixfoaY fyda fjk;a ikaksfõok we;=<;a fõ’

27

úiska wjir fok ,nk m%udKhg fyda

ld¾huKav, kS;s Í;s yd wOHlaI uKav,

kS;s Í;s yd fr.=,disj,ska wjir fokq

,nk m%udKhg yer&

uQ,H f;dr;=re

^viii& uQ,Huh f;dr;=re fyda m%d.aOk yd uQ,H

fj<|m,j, ixfõ§ jk uQ,H f;dr;=re

fy<s lrkq ,enqj fyd;a wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=fõ kS;Hdkql+, uQ,H fyda jdKscuh

wNs,dIhkag iy tys l%shdldrlïj,g

ydkslr jkafka kï fyda ydkslr ùug bv

we;s kï tn÷ f;dr;=re - fïjdg wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ wkd.; Kh .ekSï

ms<sn| weia;fïka;= yd uQ,H wkdjels"

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ NdKavd.dr

fufyhqï ms<sn|j ;ks wdfhdack ;SrK

ms<sn| o;a;" iy wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=fõ Kh.ekqïlrejka yd fjk;a

fiajd,dNSka ms<sn| Kh ;lafiare" Kh

§ug iqÿiq nj ms<sn| úYaf,aIKhka" Kh

fY%aKslrKhka yd wjodkï ;lafiare

we;=<;a h'

^ix& hï uQ,Huh f;dr;=rla fy<s lrkq

,enqj fyd;a idudðlhl=g ish wd¾:slh

l<ukdlrKh lsÍug we;s yelshdjg

ydks fõ kï fyda ydks ùug bv we;s kï

tn÷ uQ,H f;dr;=re

iqrlaIs;;djh iy wdrlaIdj

^x& hï f;dr;=rla fy<s lrkq ,enqj fyd;a

ljr fyda mqoa.,hl=f.a Ôú;h" fi!LHh"

wdrlaIdj fyda iqrlaIs;;dj fyda wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ j;alïj, wdrlaIdj

fyda iqrlaIs;;dj wk;=rg m;a fõ kï

fyda m;a ùug bv we;s kï" tfia;a ke;s

kï idudðl rgl rdcH wdrlaIdj fyda

cd;sl wdrlaIdj fj; ydks lrhs kï fyda

ydks lsÍug bv we;s kï tn÷ f;dr;=re

ffk;sl fyda úu¾YkSh ldrKd

^xi& kS;s{-fiajd,dNS jrm%idohg hg;a

ljr fyda f;dr;=re ^wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl= WmfoaYlhska iy tys ndysr

kS;s WmfoaYljreka w;r yqjudre jk

ikaksfõoko we;=¿j&; jxpdj" ¥IKh"

fyda úIudpdrh ms<sn| fpdaokd iïnkaO

ljr fyda úu¾Ykhla wdY%s; f;dr;=re

^tn÷ úu¾Ykhka ms<sn| wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl= ld¾huKav, kS;s Í;s

yd úu¾Yk ms<sn| kS;s Í;sj,ska wjir

fok m%udKhg yer iy tajdg wkql+, jk

m%udKhg yer&; fyda hï f;dr;=rla fy<s

lrkq ,enqj fyd;a hï úu¾Ykhlg fyda

hqla;sh mis|,Sug b;du;a ydkslr fõ

kï fyda ùug bv we;s kï fyda jHjydr

kS;shla30 W,a,x>Kh lrkafka kï tn÷

f;dr;=re

wNHka;r ú.Kk jd¾;d iy Ndrldr;aj wruqo,a ú.Kk jd¾;d31

^xii& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ú.Kldêm;s

ld¾hd,fha wNHka;r ú.Kk jd¾;d

^;=kajk md¾Yajhka úiska wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=jg wys;lr jk mßoafoka

fhdod .; yels wNHka;r moaO;s ms<sn|

ixfõ§ f;dr;=re tn÷ jd¾;djkays

wvx.= úh yels neúks&;32 iy wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska mßmd,kh lrkq

,nk Ndrldr wruqo,a ms<sn|j wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ndysr ú.Kljrekaf.a

iuyr ú.Kk jd¾;d wkdjrKh lsÍu

30 fuhg iq/l=ïm;a yd nexl=lrK kS;s iy m%ldYk whs;sh ms<sn| kS;s u.ska mekúh yels iSudjka fyda ;yxÑ we;=<;a úh yels h’

31 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ jd¾Isl jd¾;dfõ fldgila jYfhka uyckhd fj; wkdjrKh lrkq ,nk ú.Kkh lrk ,o ú.Kk u;hka iy ú.Kkh lrk ,o m%ldYhka fuu jHd;sf¾Lh u.ska wdjrKh fkdflf¾’ ^87 fþoh&

32 by< yd uOHu wjodkï f,i fY%aKs lrkq ,nk wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= wNHka;r ú.Kkhka iy ú.Kk fidhd .ekSïj, úfYaI wx. wOHlaI uKav,fha ú.Kk lñgqj iuÕ fnodyod .kq ,efí’

wkdjrK úia;r

28


u.ska wod< úh yels ú.Kk m%ñ;s

W,a,x>Kh jkafka kï tn÷ jd¾;d33

ft;sydisl f;dr;=re

98' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska Wmldr lrkq ,nk jHdmD;s" jevigyka" m%;sm;a;s" Wmdhud¾. yd fmdÿ fufyhqï ms<sn|j wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska bÈßm;a lrk ,o fyda wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fj; ,nd ÿka Èkfha isg wjqreÿ 20lg jeä ld,hla ;siafia wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska mj;ajd f.k f.dia we;s f;dr;=re ft;sydisl f;dr;=re f,i ie,flkq we;' 97 fþofha îv&-^vii&" îx&-^xi&" yd ^xii&^b& ;=< ,ehsia;=.; lr we;s jHd;sf¾Lhka ;=<g .efkk f;dr;=re yer wOHlaI uKav,fha idlÉPdjg iïnkaO f;dr;=re fkdjk ft;sydisl f;dr;=re b,a,Su u; wkdjrKh lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'34

fmdÿ hym; i|yd jQ wên,h îdOkSh wên,h&

99' wkdjrKh fkdl< hq;= f;dr;=re m%fNaohka iïnkaOfhka 97 fþofha úêúOdkhkays l=ula i|ykaj ;snqKo" fmdÿ hym; ;ld tn÷ f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lrk f,i wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fjka b,a,Sug ndysr fldgialrejkag yels h' fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj tn÷ b,a,Sï i,ld n,kq we;' b,a,d we;s f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu u.ska we;s jk fmdÿ hym;" wod< wkdjrKh u.ska we;s flfrk ydksh wNsnjd hkafka hehs wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ksYaph l< fyd;a" tu

f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍug wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg yels h' tn÷ f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu fyda f;dr;=re i|yd jQ b,a,Su m%;slafIam lsÍu iïnkaOfhka jQ fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqfõ ljr fyda ks¾foaYhl§ jqjo" ta i|yd wOHlaI uKav,fha jd¾;d iïnkaOfhka jQ úg wOHlaI uKav,fha wkque;sho" wfkl=;a ,sheú,s iïnkaOfhka jQ úg iNdm;sf.a wkque;sho wjYH jkq we;'

100' flfia jqjo" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j hï md¾Yajhlg tn÷ f;dr;=re ryiH f,i ;nd .kakd njgo" wkdjrKh fkdlrk njgo meyeÈ,s ffk;sl m%;s{djla ,nd § ;sfí kï" wod< md¾Yajh tlÕ fkdjqkfyd;a fmdÿ hymf;a wên,h ms<sn| úêúOdkh wod< fkdfõ'

m%úIaGh iSud lsÍug wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg we;s úfYaI mrudên,h

101' tfukau ;uka idudkHfhka wkdjrKh lrk f;dr;=re fy<s lsÍu u.ska we;s jk ydksh tu f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu u.ska w;ajk hym; wNnjd hkq we;ehs fyda hdug bv we;ehs hï úfYaI ;;a;ajhka hgf;a wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ksYaph lrkafka kï" tfia wkdjrKh fkdlr isàug we;s whs;sh wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j i;= h' fuu mrudên,h l%shdfõ fhoúu l< yelafla wOHlaI uKav,hg muKls'

33 iuyr Ndrldr wruqo,aj, uQ,H m%ldYhka ms<sfh, lrkq ,nkafka ^wefußld tlai;a ckmoj, idudkHfhka ms<s .kq ,nk .sKqïlrK m%ñ;sj,g fjkia ùug bv we;s& wdOdrodhlhskaf.a .sKqïlrK kshuhkag wkql+,j jk w;r” tajd ^wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg wod< jk tajd jk& tlai;a ckmoh ;=< fmdÿfõ ms<s .kq ,nk ú.Kk m%ñ;sj,g wkql+,j ú.Kkh lrkq ,efí’ tu ú.Kk m%ñ;s wefußld tlai;a ckmofha fmdÿfõ ms<s .kq ,nk .sKqïlrK m%ñ;s yer wka tajdg wkql+,j ms<sfh< lrk ,o uQ,H m%ldYhka iy ta wdY%s; ú.Kk u;h wkdjrKh lsÍu wruqo, ms<sn| úfYaIs; iïnkaOhla we;s whg” tkï wruqo, l<ukdlrKh iy$fyda mßmd,kh lsÍu i|yd j. lshk whg iSud lrhs’

34 wOHlaI uKav,fha idlÉPd igyka wkdjrKh lrkq ,nkafka wxl 40” 74” 84 yd 85 fþohkag wkql+,j h’

29

fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%fõYh


7

102' mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ fmdÿ ikaksfõokhka jkdys

fuu m%;sm;a;sfha wNsu;d¾:hka idlaId;a lr

.ekSfuys,d jeo.;a fuj,uls' my; i|yka

l%ufõoh fldgialrejka iuÕ ikaksfõokhg

uÕ fmkajkq we;'

103' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish m%uqL;ajhka

udre jk yd mrÿ orkakkaf.a wfmalaIKhka fjkia

jk úg ish fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%fõYh mßmQ¾K

yd Yla;su;a lrkq we;' tys§ úfYaIfhka wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=j

î& .%dylhskaf.a wjYH;djkag .e,fmk

mßÈ wkqj¾;kh lrk ,o ia:sridr"

taldnoaO jQ yd ld¾hlaIu ikaksfõokhka

u; flakaø.; jQ fmdÿ ikaksfõok

m%;sm;a;shla l%shd;aul lrkq we;;îi& È<s÷lu wvq lsÍfï yd i¾j.%dyl j¾Okh

m%j¾Okh lsÍfï fukau l,dmh ;=<

ixj¾Okh ms<sn| m%uqL yvla yd oekqu

mokula njg m;a ùfï ish fufyjr

ikaksfõokh lrkq we;; îii& ish .%dylhka lrd jvd;a iM,odhS f,i

wj;S¾K jkq msKsi l%u iy wdOdrl ^kùk;u ;dlaIKh yd udOHj, isg uqyqKg uqyqK ,d flfrk l;dny olajd jQ& /ila Ndú;d lrkq we;;

îv& cd;Hka;r" l,dmSh yd cd;sl udOH ;=< Yla;su;a oDYH;djhla mj;ajd f.k hkq we;;

^v& jHdmD;s iïnkaO ikaksfõokhka jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu;a" ^w¾nqo ;;a;aj ikaksfõokhkao we;=¿& Wmdhud¾.sl ikaksfõokhka Yla;su;a lsÍu;a" taldnoaO jHdmD;sj, yjq,alrejka iuÕ iyiïnkaê; ikaksfõokh i|yd bvm%ia:djka y÷kd .ekSu;a lrkq we;;

^vi& wNHka;r ikaksfõok lghq;= jeä ÈhqKq fldg ndysr in|;d wxYfha ld¾huKav,fha yelshdjka j¾Okh lrkq

we;'

b,lal .%dylfhda

104' ish ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rgj, mq¿,a mrdihl isák .%dylhka iuÕ fukau Kh .ekqïlrejka fkdjk idudðlhska iuÕ;a ikaksfõokh lsÍug wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j lghq;= lrkq we;' m%Odk .%dylhskag( î& rchka" u; orkakka" yd ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rgj, yd Kh.ekqïlrejka fkdjk rgj, md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjreka o we;=¿ ;SrK .kakka; îi& ckudOH; îii& n,mEug ,la jQ ;eke;a;kao we;=¿ isú,a iudch; îv& úoaj;=ka we;=<;a fj;s' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j .%dylhkaf.a me;slvhka yd wfmalaIKhkaysj fjkia ùï wëlaIKh lrkq we;s w;r" ta wkqj ish ikaksfõok Wmdhud¾.h ilia lrkq we;'

b,lal .%dylhka fj; wj;S¾K jkq msKsi jQ m%fõYhka

105' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish ikaksfõok l%shdldrlï wLKavj ÈhqKq lrkq msKsi ff;%jd¾Isl wjfndaO;d iólaIK jeks u; iólaIK ks;sm;d meje;aùu;a" úêu;a yd úêu;a fkdjk úúO m%;sfmdaIK ud¾. Ndú;d lsÍu;a isÿ lrkq we;'

106' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ikaksfõok fuj,ï yd ;dlaIKhka /ila Ndú;d lrñka ish b,lal .%dylhka fj; wj;S¾K ùu;a Tjqka iuÕ ikaksfõokh lsÍu;a lrkq we;' tu ud¾. jkafka( mß.Kl yryd jQ m%Odk fmf<a udOH; idudÔh udOH o we;=¿ kj udOH; m%cd udOH; cx.u ÿrl:k; /yeka.; úäfhda ôDYHmg& we;=¿ u,aáóähd ^nyqudOHl&; fmdâldiaÜ; rEm; uqøs; m%ldYk yd úfYaI jevigyka hkdÈhhs'

107' ;dlaIKh fyda m%Odk oyrdfõ udOH fj; msúiSfï wjldY fkdue;s ck;dj iuÕ ikaksfõokh lsÍfï§ /iaùï" f;dr;=re ie,lsÍï

30


yd bÈßm;a lsÍï jeks uqyqKg uqyqK,d flfrk ikaksfõokhkao fmdaiagr" w;a m;%sld fyda úia;r m;%sld jeks m%cd udOHhkao b;d jeo.;a ikaksfõok jdyl f,i mj;skq we;' tfukau wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish .%dylhkaf.a ixialD;sl miqìug .e,fmk mßÈ ish ikaksfõok Wmdhud¾.h ilia lrkq we;'

108' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fufyjr" m%;sm;a;s" jevigyka" jHdmD;s yd oekqu ksIamdok ms<sn| udOH wdjrKh Wmßu lrkq msKsi" wNs-l%shdldÍ udOH in|;d m%;sm;a;shla yryd" cd;Hka;r udOH ;=< by< uÜgfï ksrdjrKhla mj;ajd f.k hdug W;aidy lrkq we;' ta iu.u" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j l,dmSh yd cd;sl udOH ;=< ish lghq;= oDYH jk m%udKh jeä lsÍug lghq;= lrkq we;'

109' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish jHdmD;s ms<sn| ikaksfõokhka jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu;a" taldnoaO jHdmD;sj, yjq,alrejka iuÕ ikaksfõok l%shdldrlï iïnkaëlrKh lsÍu;a lrkq we;'

110' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fufyhqï ms<sn|j;a" ixúOdkh ms<sn|j;a yels ;rï f;dr;=re ish ndysr fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrkq we;' tu fjí wvúh Ndú;d lrkakkaf.a wfmalaIKhka yd wjYH;djka imqrd,kq msKsi wLKavj ÈhqKq flfrkq we;' tfukau wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish m%ldYkhka" ixj¾Ok oekqu yd f;dr;=re yels ;rï mq¿,a .%dyl ixLHdjla fj; m%p,s; lrkq msKsi ish m%ldYk jevigyk Yla;su;a lrkq we;' l,dmh ;=< oekqu mokï lr .;a wd¾:slhkays ixj¾Okhg Wmldr lrkq msKsi ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rgj, NdIdjkag mßj¾;kh lsÍuo fuhg we;=<;a h' ish iqrlaIs;d.dr mqia;ld, jevigyk ;=<ska ish m%Odk oekqu ksIamdok ,nd §u wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=j wLKavj isÿ lrkq we;s w;r" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= m%ldYkhka fj; msúiSfï yelshdj ÈhqKq lrkq msKsi" iM,odhS ud¾. .fõIKh lrkq we;' mß.Kl.; yd uqøs; msgm;a yryd ish oekqu ksmehqï m%pdrh lsÍug wu;rj wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j l,dmSh fyda cd;sl iuq¿ meje;aùu jeks jQ úfYaI ikaksfõok l%shdldrlï Ndú;d lsÍu;a" rcfha ks,OdÍka yd fjk;a m%uqL .%dylhska iuÕ woyia yqjudre lr .ekSu;a lrkq we;'

mßj¾;kh

111' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ Ndú;d lrk NdIdj jkafka bx.%Sis NdIdjhs'35 flfia jqjo" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fldgiaysñhka yd fjk;a fldgialrejka tys wdOdr ,nk l%shdldrlï ;=< iyNd.s ùu Èß.ekaùug;a" Tjqkag tajd wjfndaO lr .ekSu yd tajdg iyfhda.h §u myiq lsÍug;a" ,sheú,s yd fjk;a f;dr;=re fjk;a NdIdjkag mßj¾;kh lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'36

112' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j mßj¾;kh lsÍfï lghq;= isÿ lrkq we;af;a 2007 § iïu; lr .kq ,enQ mßj¾;k rduqjg wkql+,j h' tn÷ mßj¾;kj,(- î& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ iuia; jHdmdßl lghq;=" m%;sm;a;s yd Wmdhud¾.sl Ñka;kh ms<sn|j i|yka lrk iy mq¿,a cd;Hka;r .%dylhska iuQyhla fj; b,lal lrk; îi& fmdÿ WmfoaYkh i|yd" úfYaIfhka n,mEug ,la jQ ck;dj iuÕ WmfoaYkh i|yd jQ; îii& úfYaIs; rgj,a" jHdmD;s yd jevigykaj,g iïnkaO; yd îv& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúh i|yd wruqKq lrk ,o; f;dr;=re we;=<;a úh yels h' NdId mßj¾;khla isÿ lsÍu i|yd jQ ks¾Kdhlhkag( wod< .%dylhskaf.a wl=re lshùfï yelshdj" tu m%cdj okakd NdIdjka" mßj¾;k fjkqjg we;s úl,amhka" mßj¾;kh lsÍu i|yd wjYH jk ld,h yd úhoï we;=<;a fõ'

35 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j 1966’ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ia:dmkh lsÍfï .súiqu’ ueks,d ^39’1 j.ka;sh&36 bx.%Sis ,sheú,a,l yd tys fjk;a NdIdjlg l< mßj¾;khl hï fjkila ;snqK fyd;a” bx.%Siss ,sheú,a, ksjerÈ

hehs ie,lsh hq;= h’

31

ld¾hNdr yd j.lSï

l<ukdlrKh

113' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%h;akhkays n,mEu Wmßu lrkq msKsi tajd fufyhùfï§ yd wëlaIKh lsÍfï§ l<ukdldß;ajh m%uqL ld¾hNdrhla bgq lrkq we;' l<ukdldß;ajh fmdÿ ikaksfõok l%shdldrlïj,g iyNd.s jk w;r" ld¾huKav,h l<ukdldß;ajfha woyia yd ia:djrhka ms<sn|j oekqj;a jk njg j. n,d .kq msKsi újD; yd iM,odhS wNHka;r ikaksfõokhka m%j¾Okh lrkq we;' fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj l<uldldß;ajfha wëlaIl uKav,h f,i fiajh i,ikq we;' tA ;=<ska fuu m%;sm;a;sfha wkdjrK wjYH;d w¾: ú.%y lsÍu;a" wëlaIKh lsÍu;a" iudf,dapkh lsÍu;a bgq lrkq we;'

ishÆu fomd¾;fïka;= yd ld¾hd,

114' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ishÆu fomd¾;fïka;= yd ld¾hd, fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd j.lsjhq;= jkq we;' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ m%uqL ikaksfõolhska jYfhka foaYSh wOHlaIjreka yd ksfhdað; ld¾hd,j, m%OdkSkao we;=Æ ishÆu fomd¾;fïka;= yd ld¾hd,j, m%OdkSka mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ f,i ndysr .%dylhska iuÕ ikaksfõokh lsÍu;a" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ wNsm%dhka yd wruqKq ms<sn| wjfndaOh jeä fldg fldgialrejkaf.a úYajdih f.dvke.Su msKsi jQ m%h;akhka fufyhùu;a bgq lrkq we;' fufyhqï fomd¾;fïka;=j, ld¾huKav, idudðlfhda jHdmD;sj,g úfYaIs; jQ fldgialrejka iuÕ ikaksfõokh lsÍu yd wkdjrK wjYH;d imqrd,k njg j. n,d .ekSu iïnkaOfhka m%uqL ld¾hNdrhla bgq lrkq we;' fuu m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn|j rdcH" fm!oa.,sl yd isú,a iudc lafIa;%hkays ck;dj w;r oekqj;aNdjh

m%j¾Okh fldg" fuu m%;sm;a;shg wkql+,j wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ f;dr;=re fj; msúiSug ck;djg we;s whs;sh ;yjqre lrkq we;' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk yd isú,a iudc uOHia:dkh isú,a iudch;a iuÕ in|;dj,g iyfhda.h fokq we;' oekqu wdY%s; fomd¾;fïka;= yd ndysr in|;d ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j oekqu wdY%s; ksIamdok m%p,s; lsÍu m%Yia; uÜgug f.ktafuys,d tlaj lghq;= lrkq we;'

ndysr in|;d ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j

115' ndysr in|;d ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu yd ia:djr f,i jHdjydrfhys fh§u i|yd j.lSu orkq we;' mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ fmdÿ ikaksfõokhka l%shdfõ fhoùu yd ndysr fldgialrejka iuÕ iM, f,i lghq;= lsÍu iïnkaOfhka l<ukdldß;ajh iuÕ;a" fomd¾;fïka;= yd ld¾hd, iuÕ;a" lafIa;% ks,OdÍka iuÕ;a ndysr in|;d ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j iómj lghq;= lrkq we;' ;sfnk iïm;a m%udKh we;=<; tys n,mEu Wmßu lrkq msKsi ndysr in|;d ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j tys ld¾hNdrhka jvd;a ÈhqKq lsÍu;a" m%;sm;a;shg jvd;a fyd¢ka iydh jkq msKsi tys ld¾hka m%uqL;d wkqj ilia lsÍu;a bgq lrkq we;'

wkdjrKh

116' ndysr in|;d ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= ld¾huKav,h w;f¾ újD;Ndjh iys; ixialD;shla i|yd Èß.kajkq we;s w;r" mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ f,i f;dr;=re fnodyod .ekSu i|yd Èß.ekaùï ixj¾Okh lsÍu È.gu isÿ lrkq we;'

117' ndysr in|;d ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=fõ uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrK tallh’ ^PIDU& fuu m%;sm;a;sfha wkdjrK wjYH;d

l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn| ixúêúOdk


8

32


l%shdfõ fhdok wdldrh wëlaIKh lrkq we;s w;r wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ishÆu fomd¾;fïka;=j,g yd ld¾hd,j,g wjYH Wmfoiao imhkq we;' tfukau fuu tallh fuu m%;sm;a;sfha wkdjrK wjYH;djka iïnkaOfhka fufyhqï ld¾huKav,h i|yd wksjd¾h mqyqKq lghq;= ie,iqï lsÍu yd wjYH mqyqKqj ,nd §u isÿ lrkq we;s w;r" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg m%;sm;a;shg wkql+,j lghq;= lsÍug iyfhda.h §u iïnkaOfhka ld¾huKav,h fj; Èß.ekaùï lrkq we;' th fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqfõ lghq;=j,g Rcqju Wmldr lrkq we;s w;r wkdjrK m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï m%.;sh ms<sn| wëlaIK jd¾;d fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj fj; bÈßm;a lrkq we;' ̂ 142 fþoh&' fuu tallh ;=<ska wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúh ;=< we;s fufyhqï ,sheú,s ms<sn|j fmdÿ ckhd oekqj;a jkq we;' tfukau m%;sm;a;sfha kshuhkag wkql+,j flfrk b,a,Sï .%yKh lr .ekSfï moaO;shla mj;ajd .kq we;'

118' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fjí wvúfha f;dr;=re fiùfï l%shdldß;ajhka ÈhqKq lsÍu yd ,sheú,s fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lsÍu iïnkaOfhka fjí wvú iïnkaOj lghq;= lrk lKavdhu fuu tallh iuÕ iy wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fomd¾;fïka;= yd ld¾hd, iuÕ lghq;= lrkq we;'

mßj¾;kh

119' 2007 j¾Ifha iïu; lr .kq ,enQ NdId mßj¾;k rduqj u.ska" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j bx.%Sis yer fjk;a NdIdjkaj,ska f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug we;s yelshdj j¾Okh lrk l%u fláfhka olajkq ,efí' fuu rduqj yd tys iïm;aj, n,mEïo 2011 j¾Ih ;=< iudf,dapkhg ,la fjñka mej;=Ks'

120' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ndysr in|;d ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j we;=,; mßj¾;k jHdmD;s l<ukdlrKh lsÍu;a" mßj¾;k fmdÿfõ ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaùfuys,d Wmldr lsÍu;a" tu fomd¾;fïka;=j yryd mßj¾;kh lrk ,o ,sheú,sj, kï wvx.= jd¾;djla mj;ajd f.k hdu;a isÿ lrkq we;' tla tla fkajdisl ¥; uKav,h úiska" ndysr

in|;d ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=fõ uÕ fmkaùu we;sj" wod< rfgys Ndú;d flfrk NdIdjkays m%ùK;dj iys; iqÿiqlï ,;a" mßj¾;khg wod< NdId foflys yi, NdId mßj¾;ljrekaf.a yd ixialdrljrekaf.a kdu f,aLkhla mj;ajd f.k hkq we;' ndysr in|;d ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j ishÆ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fomd¾;fïka;= yd ld¾hd,j,g ,nd .; yels mßj¾;k fiajdjka ms<sn|j Tjqkaf.a oekqj;aNdjh m%j¾Okh lrkq we;'

wkdjrK w;afmd; iy oekqj;aNdjh by< kexùfï Wmldrl

121' fufyhqï f;dr;=re yd ,sheú,s fmdÿfõ

,nd .ekSug ie,eiaùu iïnkaOfhka wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ld¾huKav,hg uÕ fmkajk

fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sfha ld¾huKav,

wkdjrK w;afmd;37" ndysr in|;d ms<sn|

fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska mshjfrka mshjrg úia;r

l< ld¾hmámdá iys;j m%;sfYdaOkh flfrkq

we;' m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu iïnkaOfhka

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ Kh.ekqïlrejka yd

fiajd,dNSka yg u.fmkaùu msKsi yd m%;sm;a;sfha

úêúOdk ms<sn|j fjk;a fldgialrejka oekqj;a

lsÍu msKsi fjku oekqj;a lsÍfï Wmldrl øjH

ixj¾Okh lsÍu;a" hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu;a flfrkq

we;' fuu ishÆ øjH wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=

fjí wvúfha we;=<;a flfrkq we;s w;r" WÑ;

mßÈ rg ;=< m%p,s; flfrkq we;'

foaYSh uÜgfuka f;dr;=re m%pdrKh

122' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish iqrlaIs;d.dr

mqia;ld, jevigyk yryd ish m%Odk oekqu wdY%s;

ksmehqï ^fmd;a m;a& fnodyod .kq we;' wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl= m%ldYkhkaf.a yd wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl= fufyhqï ms<sn| f;dr;=rej,

oDYH;dj yd msúiSfï wjldY jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fmdÿ ikaksfõok

l%shdldrlïj, m%Odk fhduqj jkq we;' wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk

idudðl rgj,a ;=<§ nqoaê uKav," wOHhk

wdh;k yd fjk;a ixj¾Ok yjq,alrejka iuÕ

kj yjq,aldß;ajh m%uqL;ajhla .kq we;'

37 ld¾huKav, wkdjrK w;afmd;’ http://www.adb.org/Documents/Handbooks/Disclosure/

33

ksfhdað; ld¾hd, iy fkajdisl ¥; uKav,

123' ksfhdað; ld¾hd, iy fkajdisl ¥; uKav,

b,lal .%dylhskag iómj msysgd ;sîu;a" tajd

i;=j fufyhqï yd wd¾:sl úfYaI{;d {dkh

;sîu;a" tajd ia:dk.;j we;s rfÜ fyda l,dmfha

ixialD;sl yd ikaksfõok h:d¾:hka ms<sn|j

Tjqkag iqúfYaIS wjfndaOhla ;sîu;a ksid tu

ld¾hd, yd ¥;uKav, iM,j;a fmdÿ ikaksfõokh

iïnkaOfhka fmruqfKau we;'

124' ksfhdað; ld¾hd,j, yd fkajdisl

¥; uKav,j, m%OdkSyq wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=fõ m%uqL ikaksfõolhska jk w;r Tjqyq

;ukag wod< rfÜ fyda l,dmfha ckudOH" u;

fufyhjkakka yd ;SrK .kakka iuÕ nexl=fõ

wka;¾l%shdldß;ajhka jHdma; lsÍfï yd Yla;su;a

lsÍfï m%h;akhka fufyhjkq we;'

125' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fkajdisl ¥;

uKav,j, ndysr in|;d ld¾huKav, idudðl

ixLHdj jeä lrkq msKsi iEu m%h;akhlau

orKq we;' Tjqyq ish ¥; uKav, fyda ld¾hd,

m%OdkSka yg jD;a;Shfõ§ iydh ,nd fok w;r"

fkajdisl ¥; uKav, l<ukdlrK lKavdhfïu

fldgila fuka o l%shd lrkq we;' tfukau Tjqyq

¥; uKav,j, ishÆu l%shdldrlï ms<sn|j mQ¾K

f,i oekqj;aj isákq we;' fkajdisl ¥; uKav,j,

ndysr in|;d ld¾huKav, idudðlhska yg

ksYaÑ; ld¾h úia;r iy iqÿiqlï ;sìh hq;= jk

w;r" Tjqkag ks;sm;d jHqy.; mqyqKqj ,efnkq

we;'

126' fkajdisl ¥; uKav,j, ndysr in|;d

ld¾h uKav,fha m%Odk j.lSïj,g î& wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl= fcHIaG ld¾h uKav,h iuÕ

wka;¾l%shdldß;ajh myiq lrjkq msKsi mq¿,a

mrdihl rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl lKavdhï .Kkdjla

iuÕ in|;d we;s lr .ekSu yd j¾Okh lsÍu; îi& foaYSh yd cd;Hka;r udOHj,g wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ksfhdað;hska yd f;dr;=re

fj; ks;sm;d msúiSfï yelshdj ;yjqre lsÍu; îii& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg jeo.;a jk ldrKdjka

ms<sn|j bx.%Ssisfhka yd foaYSh NdIdjkaf.ka

m%pdrh jk m%foaYSh" foaYSh yd cd;Hka;r mqj;a

ms<sn|j ks;s wëlaIKfhka miq ùu; iy îv& rg

;=< fjfik ck;djg iy fkajdisl ¥; uKav,

ld¾h uKav,hg fuu m%;sm;a;sfha wkdjrK

wjYH;djka iïnkaOfhka iydh ùu hk fïjd

we;=<;a fõ' f;dr;=re fnodyod .ekSfuys

ia:sridrNdjh ÈhqKq lrkq msKsi;a" m%;s,dN Wmßu

lrkq msKsi;a lafIa;% ld¾hd,j, ndysr in|;d

ld¾h uKav, idudðlfhda iy ndysr in|;d

ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=fõ Tjqkaf.a iudkfhda

ks;sm;d uqK .eiS fyda ÿria: uka;%K ^úäfhda

iïuka;%K& l%uhg fyda wjYH mßÈ /yeka.;

cd,h Tiafia idlÉPd lrkq we;' fkajdisl ¥;

uKav, ndysr in|;d ld¾h uKav,hg wod< rfÜ

fyda l,dmfha wOHlaI iuÕ yd ndysr in|;d

ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j fj; oaú;aj jd¾;d lsÍfï

ud¾. ;sfnkq we;'

fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj

127' fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj úiska fuu

m%;sm;a;sfha wkdjrK wjYH;djhka w¾:l:kh

lsÍu" wëlaIKh lsÍu yd iudf,dapkh lsÍu

isÿ flf¾' th l<ukdldr wOHlaI fckrd,a

îNdm;s&" ndysr in|;d ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=fõ

m%Odk wOHlaI" f,alï yd fmdÿ WmfoaYl hk

whf.ka iukaú; ù we;' tu lñgqj Rcqju

jd¾;d lrkafka iNdm;s fj;h' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=fõ fomd¾;fïka;= fyda ld¾hd, úiska

m%;slafIam lrk ,o b,a,Sï ^f;dr;=re i|yd jQ

b,a,Sï& iudf,dapkh lrkq msKsi fuu lñgqj

wjYH mßÈ /ia jkq we;' f;dr;=re fj; msúiSfï

wjldY iSud lrk wOHlaI uKav,fha ;SrKhla

yer" f;dr;=re fj; msúiSu m%;slafIam lrk

;SrKhka ksIam%Nd lsÍfï fyda tjeks ;SrKhla

wkqu; lsÍfï n,h fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl

lñgqjg we;' ^101 fþoh&' tfukau m%;sm;a;s

jHd;sf¾Lhlska wdjrKh jk f;dr;=re fmdÿ

hym; i|yd wkdjrKh lrk f,i lrk b,a,Sï

i,ld ne,Suo fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj

isÿ lrkq we;' ^99 fþoh& ndysr in|;d ms<sn|

fomd¾;fïka;=fõ uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrK

tallh fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj fj;

ld¾hd,Sh iydh ,nd fokq we;' fmdÿ wkdjrK

WmfoaYl lñgqj fuu m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a jQ

wkdjrK kshuhka l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn|j

;lafiare lrk fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh

ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;dj iudf,dapkh fldg

iy;sl lrkq we;' fuu jd¾Isl jd¾;dj ;=<

uyck;djg f;dr;=re ,nd §u m%;slafIam lsÍï

ms<sn| idrdxYhla fukau" m%;sm;a;sh ;=< l<

hq;= fjkialï iy th wdY%s; fufyhqï Wmldrl

fldgfia fyda wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ

f;dr;=re ck;djg wkdjrKh lsÍug wdOdr jk


34


ixúOdkuh jHqyfha l< hq;= fjkialï i|yd jQ

ks¾foaYhkao we;=<;a jkq we;'

iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h

128' fuu m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a idudkHfhka wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska wkdjrKh lrkq ,nk f;dr;=re fj; msúiSfï wjldY ,nd fkd§u u.ska tu nexl=j m%;sm;a;sh W,a,x>Kh l< njg fpdaokd lrñka flfrk wNshdpkd iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h úiska i,ld n,kq we;' f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh ,nd §u m%;slafIam lsÍug fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj úiska .kq ,nk ;SrK wkqu; lsÍfï fyda m%;slafIam lsÍfï n,h tu uKav,hg ;sfí' 99 iy 101 fþo hgf;a wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska .kq ,nk ljr fyda ;SrKhla iïnkaOfhka jQ wNshdpkhla i,ld ne,Sug iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,hg n,h ke;' f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh iïnkaO ldrKdjka ms<sn| ndysr úfYaI{hska ;=kafokl=f.ka iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h iukaú; jkq we;'38 iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav, idudðlhska fhdojkq ,nkafka fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj úiska .kq ,enQ ;SrKhla ms<sn| wNshdpkhla i,ld ne,Sug le|jkq ,enq úg muKla" l,ska-l,g mokñks' iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h ish uka;%Khka îdlÉPd& yels ;rï ÿrg ÿrl:kh" úoHq;a ;emE, ^B-fï,a&" iy$fyda úäfhda iïnkaO;djh u.ska mj;ajkq we;' f,alïjrhdf.a ld¾hd,h iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h fj; ld¾hd,Sh Wmldr ,nd fokq we;'

Kh.ekqïlrejka iy$fyda fiajd,dNSka

129' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= jHdmD;s j,§ f;dr;=re wkdjrKh iïnkaO j.lSfuka jeä fldgila we;af;a Kh.ekqïlre iy$fyda fiajd,dNshd u;hs' jHdmD;sh ms<sn|j n,mEug ,la jQ ck;dj fj; f;dr;=re ,nd §u yd Tjqka iuÕ ixjdohla we;s lr .ekSu i|yd wod< jHdmD;s m%foaY ;=< flakaoaßjl ia:dk msysgqjkq msKsi Kh.ekqïlre fyda fiajd,dNshd fufyhqï fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ld¾huKav,h iuÕ lghq;= lrkq we; ^47 fþoh&' tu flakaøsl ia:dkj,g

jHdmD;s yd rg wdY%s; f;dr;=re fj; msúfikq msKsi;a" m%dfoaYSh yd ixialD;sl jYfhka iqÿiq hdka;%K Ndú;d lrñka Wkkaÿjla olajk md¾Yajhka fj; tn÷ f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lrkq msKsi;a wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúh Ndú;d l< yels h'

f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaG ùu i|yd jQ ld¾hmámdá

mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ wkdjrKh

130' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúh jkdys

m%;sm;a;sh u.ska kshu lrkq ,nk mßÈ f;dr;=re

yd ,sheú,s mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ f,i wkdjrKh lsÍfï

m%d:ñl WmlrKh jkq we;' f;dr;=re yd ,sheú,s

mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ f,i wkdjrKh lsÍfï fjk;a

ud¾. ^WodyrK(- WmfoaYk l%shdj,shlg wdOdr

lrk f;dr;=re& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska

fukau Kh.ekqïlrejka yd fiajd,dNSka úiskao"

wod< .%dylhska fyda ,nkakka f.a iajNdjh wkqj

iy f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfï wruqK wkqj

Ndú;d flfrkq we;'

f;dr;=re i|yd jQ b,a,Sï

131' f;dr;=re yd ,sheú,s i|yd jQ ishÆ

b,a,Sï ,sÅ;j ^B-fï,a" ;eme,a" wka;¾cd,

m%;spdr fmdaruh fyda *elaia u.ska& bÈßm;a

l< hq;= h' wod< b,a,Sï ;emEf,ka kï" 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines hk ,smskh yrydo; Bfï,a u.ska kï"

[email protected] úoaHq;a ,smskh yryd o; *elaia

u.ska kï" +63 2 636 2649 hk wxlh yrydo

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ uyck f;dr;=re yd

wkdjrK tallh fj; fhduq l< yels h'

tfukau fkajdisl ¥; uKav,h" ksfhdað;

ld¾hd,h fyda wod< wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=

fomd¾;fïka;=j fyda ld¾hd,h fj;o fhduq l<

yels h' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg idOdrK

ld,hla ;=< wod< f;dr;=re fidhd .; yels

38 iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h i|yd kdufhdackd lsÍu iNdm;s úiska lrkq ,nk w;r wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrkq ,efí' iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,fha idudðlhska ;=kafokd my; wh w;ßka f;dard .; yelsh(

î& ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rglska" f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh ms<sn| ldrKd iïnkaOfhka im%udKj;a m<mqreoaola iys; ksfhdað;jrfhla; îi& ljr rgl fyda wdKavqjlg wh;a fkdjk" f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh ms<sn| úfYaI{fhla; iy îii& jdKsc miqìulska" f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh ms<sn| úfYaI{fhla

35

jkq msKsi" wfmalaId lrkq ,nk f;dr;=re" wod<

b,a,Su ;=< idOdrK ;rï ksYaÑ; f,i oelaúh

hq;= h'

132' 97 fþofha olajd we;s úêúOdkj,g wkql+, jk mßoafoka wkdjrKh l< fkdyels f;dr;=re hï ,sheú,a,l i|yka jkafkao hkak ks¾Kh lrkq ,nkafka wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fjys wod< fomd¾;fïka;=j fyda ld¾hd,h úisks' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j WÑ; mßÈ Kh.ekqïlre" fiajd,dNshd fyda yjq,a uQ,H iïmdolf.ka ta ms<sn|j úuikq we;' uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrK tallh wjYH mßÈ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= ld¾h uKav,h fj; uÕ fmkaùu ,nd fokq we;'

133' ft;sydisl f;dr;=re 98 mßÉfþofha úêúOdkj,g wkql+, jk mßÈ" b,a,Sula u; ,nd fokq we;' ft;sydisl f;dr;=re i|yd jQ b,a,Sï u.ska b,aÆï lrkq ,nk ksYaÑ; f;dr;=re ljf¾oehs y÷kajd Èh hq;= h' fmdÿfõ ft;sydisl f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaG ùu i|yd lrkq ,nk b,a,Sï Ndr .kq fkd,efí'

j;auka f;dr;=re i|yd jQ b,a,Sïj,g m%;spdr oelaúu i|yd jQ ld, iSudjka

134' b,a,Sula ,eî jev lrk Èk 5la we;=<;" b,a,Su ,enqKq nj b,aÆï lrk wh fj; oekaúh hq;= h' ta ms<sn|j ;SrKhla .kq ,enQ jydu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ta ms<sn|j b,aÆïlreg oekaúh hq;= w;r" ljr fya;=jla ksid fyda ta i|yd b,a,Su ,eî Èk 20 lg jvd jeä ld,hla blau fkdhd hq;=h' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish ms<s;=r ;=,u" b,a,k ,o f;dr;=re iemhsh hq;= h' tfia f;dr;=re iemhSu m%;slafIam lrkq ,nkafka kï" tu m%;slafIam lsÍu idOdrKSlrKh lrk ksYaÑ; úêúOdk o olajñka tu b,a,Su m%;slafIam lsÍug fya;= iemhsh hq;= h'39 b,a,k ,o f;dr;=re ,nd §u wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j m%;slafIam lrkafka kï" fuu m%;sm;a;sfha 136 - 141 olajd jQ fþoj,g wkql+,j wNshdpkd lsÍug b,aÆïlreg we;s whs;sh ms<sn|j nexl=j b,aÆïlreg oekqï Èh hq;= h'39 iudf,dapkh lrk ,o b,a,Sï ,ehsia;=j iy tajdg wod< ;SrKhka" tkï bgq

lrk ,oafoao" ke;s kï m%;slafIam lrk ,oafoao yd tfia m%;slafIam lsÍug fya;=j l=ula o hkak o iu.ska ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrkq ,eìh hq;=h'

b,a,Sïj, NdIdj

135' b,a,Sï bx.%Sis NdIdfjka fyda wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl= idudðl rgl cd;sl fyda rdcH

NdIdjkaf.ka tlla ;=<ska bÈßm;a lrkq ,eìh

yels h' ,sheú,s yd f;dr;=re i|yd bx.%Sis NdIdj

yer fjk;a NdIdjlska lrkq ,nk b,a,Sï wod<

fkajdisl ¥; uKav,h fj; bÈßm;a l< yels h'

wNshdpkd

136' f;dr;=re i|yd jk ish b,a,Su wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska m%;slafIam lrk ,oafoa

fuu m%;sm;a;sh W,a,x>Kh lrñka hehs úYajdi

lrk b,aÆïlrejkag wNshdpkd lsÍug bv

i,ik" wÈhr follska hq;a wNshdpkd l%shdj,shla

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fhdod .kq we;' hï

f;dr;=rla wkdjrKh lsÍfuka w;a jk fmdÿ

hym; tn÷ wkdjrKhlska we;s úh yels ydksh

wNsnjd hkafka kï" b,a,k ,o f;dr;=re fj;

m%úIaGh iSud lrk m%;sm;a;s jHd;sf¾Lhka blaujd

hdu msKsio wNshdpkhla bÈßm;a lrkq ,eìh

yelsh' wNshdpkhl§ id¾:l jk b,aÆïlrejl=g

,efnk m%;sl¾uh tu b,a,k ,o f;dr;=re ,eîug

muKla iSud fõ' wÈhr follska hq;= wNshdpkd

l%shdj,sh ia:dmkh flfrkq we;af;a 137 isg 141

olajd jQ fPohkays úia;r flfrk wdldrhg h'

wNshdpkdjkays m<uqjk wÈhr( fmdÿ wkdjrK

WmfoaYl lñgqj

137' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska f;dr;=re

fj; m%úIaGh m%;slafIam lrk ,o b,aÆïlrejl=g

^i& ;ud b,a¨ f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh iSud lsÍu

u.ska wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j m%;sm;a;sh

W,a,x>Kh lr we;s njg idOdrK ;¾lhla

bÈßm;a lsÍug yels kï; fyda ^ii&;ud b,a¨

f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh iSud lrk m%;sm;a;s

39 ;uka idudkHfhka fy<s lrk f;dr;=re ,nd fkdfokq msKsi wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j 101 fþohg wkql+,j ish mrudên,h fyj;a úfYaI jrm%idoh Ndú;d lrk isoaêj,§ fuu ld, iSudj wod< fkdfõ' tn÷ wjia:djl§ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j wod< ldrKh iïnkaOfhka wjidk ;SrKhla .kq msKsi th wOHlaI uKav,h fj; bÈßm;a l< hq;= h'


36


jHd;sf¾Lh wNsnjd hk fmdÿ hym; ms<sn|

lreKq oelaùula lsÍug yels kï" fmdÿ wkdjrK

WmfoaYl lñgqj fj; wNshdpkhla bÈßm;a l<

yels h'

138' fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj wNshdpkhla

,eî jev lrk Èk 5la we;=<; wNshdpkh ,enqKq

nj b,aÆïlreg oekaúh hq;= h' tu wNshdpkh

i,ld n,kq msKsi tu lñgqj yels ;dla blauKska

/ia jkq we;' wNshdpk iudf,dapkh lsÍfï§

fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj 97 fþofha olajd

we;s m%;sm;a;s jHd;sf¾Lhka ie,ls,a,g .kq we;'

wod< wNshdpkh 99 fþofha i|yka jk fmdÿ

hym; Wfoid kshuhka wNsnjd hdu u; mokïj

we;s kï" fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj tn÷

b,a,Sïo i,ld n,k kuq;a" tn÷ f;dr;=re fyda

,sheú,s ,nd §u fyda m%;slafIam lsÍu iïnkaO ljr

ks¾foaYhl§ fyda wod< b,a,Su wOHlaI uKav,

jd¾;d iïnkaOfhka jQ úg wOHlaI uKav,fha

wkque;sho" wfkla ,sheú,s iïnkaOfhka jQ úg

iNdm;sf.a wkque;sho wjYH jkq we;s w;r"

Tjqkaf.a ;SrKh wjidk ;SrKh fjhs' fmdÿ

wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=fõ ;SrKh .;a miq yels ;dla blauKska" ta

ms<sn|j wod< b,aÆïlre fj; ta ms<sn|j ,sÅ;j

oekaúh hq;= w;r" wOHlaI uKav,h úiska 99

fþoh hgf;a ;SrKhla f.k ;snqK fyd;a yer

ljr fya;=jla ksid fyda th rdcldß Èk 20 la

fkdblauúh hq;= h' tn÷ ;;a;ajhl§ wOHlaI

uKav,fha ;SrKh ms<sn|j b,aÆïlreg oekaúh

hq;= h'

wNshdpkdjkays fojk wÈhr( iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h

139' f;dr;=re i|yd jQ b,a,Sula m%;slafIam lrk

uQ,sl ;SrKhla fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj

úiska wkqu; lrkq ,nkafka kï" b,aÆïlreg

iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h fj; wNshdpkhla

bÈßm;a l< yels h' f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh iSud

lsÍfuka wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fuu m%;sm;a;sh

W,a,x>Kh l< nj fpdaokd lrk wNshdpkhka

iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h i,ld n,kq we;'

wNshdpkhla iudf,dapkh lsÍfï§ iajdëk

wNshdpkd uKav,h úiska wNshdpkho" m%;sm;a;s

jHd;sf¾Lhkao" tfukau wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

úiska iy$fyda wod< f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍug

úreoaO ljr fyda ;=kajk md¾Yajhla úiska hï

m%ldYhla fyda úfrdaO;djhla bÈßm;a lr we;s kï

th o i,ld n,kq we;' fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl

lñgqj úiska fok ,o ;SrKhka wkqu; lsÍfï fyda

ksIam%Nd lsÍfï n,h iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,hg

;sfnkq we;s w;r" tys ;SrKhka wjidk ;SrKhka

fõ' wNshdpkhla ,eî ,s;a Èk 45lg fkdjeä

ld,hla we;=<; iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h ishÆ

wNshdpkhka i,ld ne,sh hq;= h' wod< wNshdpkh

99 fþofha olajd we;s mßÈ fmdÿ hym; Wfoid

kshuhka wNsnjd hdu u; mokïj we;s kï"

tfia;a ke;s kï 101 fþofha olajd we;s mßoafoka"

ish mrudên,h l%shdfõ fhdojñka wOHlaI

uKav,h úiska ;uka idudkHfhka wkdjrKh

lrk f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh m%;slafIam lsÍug

.kakd ;SrKhg tfrysj kï" ksis mßÈ wOHlaI

uKav,h fyda iNdm;s úiska .kq ,nk ;SrKj,g

tfrys tn÷ wNshdpk iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h

úiska i,ld fkdn,kq ,efí'

wNshdpk bÈßm;a lsÍu iy ;SrK ms<sn|j oekqï §u

140' fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj fj;

bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk ishÆu wNshdpkhka b,a,k

,o f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh m%;slafIam lrk uq,a

;SrKh ,nd ÿka Èk isg ,s;a Èk 90la we;=<; tu

lñgqj fj; ,sÅ;j bÈßm;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'

iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h fj; bÈßm;a lrkq

,nk ishÆu wNshdpkhka b,a,k ,o f;dr;=re

fj; m%úIaGh m%;slafIam lrk uq,a ;SrKh

wkqu; lrk fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqfõ

;SrKh ,nd ÿka Èk isg ,s;a Èk 90la we;=<; tu

lñgqj fj; ,sÅ;j bÈßm;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'

wNshdpkd bÈßm;a lsÍu( wxl 6 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl= udj;" uekavÆfhdax k.rh" 1550 fuÜfrdau

ueks,d" ms,smSkh ^6 ADB Avenue "Mandaluyong City" 1550 Metro Manila" Philippines& hk ,smskfha

msysá uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrK tallh yryd

fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj fyda iajdëk

wNshdpkd uKav,h weu;+ ;eme,a ,sms u.skao; [email protected] úoaHq;a ,smskh yryd Bfï,a

u.ska o; ¤63 2 636 2649 hk wxlh Tiafiao *elaia

u.ska o l< yels h' Èk 90 ld,mßÉfþohg

miqj ,efnk wNshdpkhka l,a miq jQ tajd f,i

i,lkq ,nk w;r tu wNshdpkd fmdÿ wkdjrK

WmfoaYl lñgqj fyda iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h

úiska i,ld n,kq fkd,efí' ishÆ wNshdpkhka

flá ,smshl oelaúh hq;= w;r tys(

^i& uq,skau b,a,k ,o f;dr;=re ms<sn|

úia;rhla" iy

37

îi& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j m%;sm;a;sh

W,a,x>Kh lr we;s nj fyda 99 fþofha

olajd we;s mßÈ fmdÿ hym; Wfoid

kshuhka wNsnjd hdfï moku wod< jk

nj olajk b,aÆïlref.a m%ldYh ikd:

lrk ldrKdjka olajk lreKq meyeÈ,s

lsÍfï m%ldYhla wvx.= úh hq;= h'

141' wod< wNshdpkh ksIam%Nd lrkq ,nkafka î& kshñ; ld,h ;=< th bÈßm;a lsÍug wiu;a jQ

ksido" îi& wNshdpkh idOdrK f,i ikd: lrk

f;dr;=re iemhSug wiu;a jQ ksid o" tfia;a ke;s

kï" îii& wNshdpkh lrkq ,nk ldrKh i,ld

ne,Sug fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqjg fyda

iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,hg n,h fkdue;s ksid

o hkak b,aÆïlreg oekaúh hq;= h' b,a,k ,o

f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh m%;slafIam lrk fmr

;SrKhla wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fyda iajdëk

wNshdpkd uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrkq ,nkafka

kï" tu ;SrKh ms<sn|j wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=j b,aÆïlreg oekqï Èh hq;= jk w;r" thg

fya;=o oelaúh hq;= h' b,a,k ,o f;dr;=re fj;

m%úIaGh m%;slafIam lrk fmr ;SrKhla wdishdkq

ixj¾Ok nexl=j fyda iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h

úiska ksIam%Nd lrkq ,nkafka kï" tu ;SrKh

ms<sn|j wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j b,aÆïlreg

oekqï Èh hq;= jk w;r" b,a,k ,o f;dr;=re

o ,nd Èh hq;= h' ,enqKq ishÆu wNshdpkhka

,ehsia;=jla" tla tla wNshdpkfha iajNdjh" iy

tla tla wNshdpkh iïnkaOfhka .kq ,enQ ;SrKh

we;=<;a f,aLkhla wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

úiska ish fjí wvúh ;=< we;=<;a lrkq ,eìh

hq;= h' kj ;SrKhla ksl=;a lrkq ,enQ úg fuu

f,aLkh hdj;ald,Sk flfrkq we;'

wëlaIKh iy jd¾;dlrKh

142' fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul jk wdldrh wëlaIKh lsÍu;a" tys n,mEu ;lafiare lsÍu;a wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j isÿ lrkq we;' ^m%;sm;a;sh i|yd jk m%;sM, rduqj 4 jk Wm.%ka:fha úia;r flf¾'& wëlaIK m%;sM, fmkajk jd¾Isl jd¾;djla wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ish fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrkq we;'

143' fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ ldrKdjka u;= lsÍug;a" f;dr;=re fj; msúiSug;a" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j iuÕ iïnkaO ú lghq;= lsÍug;a wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fldgialrejkag bv i,ihs' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn|j ixldjka u;= lrk ;eke;a;ka fyda lKavdhïj, kï fy<s fkdlrkq we;'

m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jk Èkh iy m%;sm;a;sh iudf,dapkh

144' fuu m%;sm;a;sh 2012 wfm%a,a 02 jk Èk isg n,d;aul jkq we;' fuu m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jk Èkfha isg wjqreÿ 5lg fkdjeä ld, mßÉfþohlg miqj wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ta ms<sn|j mßmQ¾K iudf,dapkhla isÿ l< hq;= h' tu iudf,dapkfha§ Wkkaÿjla olajk ;eke;a;ka yd ixúOdk iïnkaO lr .kq we;'


38

m%isoaO ikaksfõokh ms<sn| iïm;aj, wjYH;djh fmdÿ

ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh 2011

9

l<ska-l<g mokulska" wNshdpkhla i,ld ne,Sug le|jkq ,enQ úg muKla" lghq;= lrkq we;' Tjqka fj; jev l< tla tla Èkh i|yd .dia;=jla f.jkq we;'

148' 145 isg 147 olajd fþoj, úia;r jk f,i" bÈß mia jir ;=< fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍug w;sf¾l fvd,¾ 700"000 la muK wjYH jkq we;' mqyqKqj yd oekqj;aNdjh j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd tla jrla muKla jeh l< hq;= fvd,¾ 120"000 lao thg we;=<;a jkq we;' fuh jd¾Isl whjeh m%;smdok l%shdj,shg hg;a jk w;r" tu wjia:dfõ§ iïm;a i|yd we;s wjYH;djh úia;rd;aulj h,s ;lafiare lrkq we;' iEu wjqreÿ 3lgu jrla f.da,Sh ixcdkk iólaIKh mj;ajkq msKsi È.gu uqo,a fjka flfrkq we;'

149' m%dfoaYSh fldgialrejkag f;dr;=re fj; msúiSfï yelshdj ms<sn| wjOdrKh jeä ùu;a" ta iu.u uE; j¾I ;=< wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ jHdmD;s ixLHdj jeä ùu;a fya;=fjka fufyhqï fomd¾;fïka;=jg tla tla jHdmD;shg .e,fmk fia ikaksfõok ie,iqï ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmldr lrkq msKsi w;sf¾l ld¾huKav, iïm;a wjYH jkq we;' lafIa;%h ;=< ndysr jHdma; l%shdldrlï j¾Okh lrkq msKsi" mQ¾K ld,Sk ndysr in|;d ld¾huKav,hla fkdue;s l=vd yd uOHu m%udKfha fkajdisl ¥;uKav,j,g" ó<Õ wjqreo 5 ;=< w;sf¾l cd;sl yd mßmd,k ld¾huKav, ,nd §u ms<sn|j i,ld n,kq we;' jd¾Isl whjeh ms<sfh< lsÍfï§ ld¾huKav, wjYH;djka ms<sn|j úia;rd;aulj i,ld nef,kq we;'

145' fuu m%;sm;a;sh id¾:lj l%shd;aul lrkq

msKsi w;sf¾l úhoï oeÍug isÿ jkq we;'

mßj¾;k rduqfõ jd¾Isl whjeh jvd hym;a

lrkq msKsi jHdmD;s o;a; m;%h mßj¾;kh lsÍu

i|yd w;sf¾l úhoï imhd .ekSu wjYH jkq

we;' fjk;a mßj¾;k fiajdjka i|yd jQ w;sf¾l

whjeh wjYH;djka ms<sn|jo 2011 j¾Ifha

mßj¾;k rduqj hdj;ald,Sk lsÍfï§ ;lafiarejg

,la flfrkq we;'

146' m%;sm;a;sfha úêúOdkhka iy fuu

fjkialï wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ lghq;=j,g

n,mdk wdldrh ms<sn|j wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl= ld¾huKav,h" rdcH ks,OdÍkaj yd fjk;a

Wkkaÿjla olajk fldgialrejka oekqj;a l<

hq;= h' úúO oekqj;a lsÍfï l%ufõohka Ndú;d

lrkq ,nk w;r" tajdg wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=

uQ,ia:dkfha yd lafIa;% ld¾hd,j,§ uqyqKg

uqyqK,d flfrk mqyqKq ieis we;=<;a fõ' yels

wjia:djkays§ úäfhda idlÉPdjka meje;afjkq we;'

rg ;=< meje;afjk" uQ,sl jYfhka úYd, fyda uOH

mßudK fkajdisl ¥;uKav, yd ksfhdað; ld¾hd,

;=< meje;afjk" oekqj;a lsÍï o isÿ flfrkq we;'

fuu m%;ssm;a;sh wkqu; lrkq ,eîfuka miqj"

ndysr in|;d ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=jg mqyqKq

whjeh i|yd jQ m%;smdokhlao wjYH jkq we;'

147' iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,fha bÈßhg f.k

tkq ,nk wNshdpkd ixLHdj u; tys whjeh

r|d mj;skq we;s w;r" jd¾Isl whjeh l%shdj,sh

yryd iqÿiq mßÈ wruqo,a iïmdokh flfrkq

we;' iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,fha idudðlfhda

39

wkql+,;d iudf,dapkh


10

150' fuu m%;sm;a;sfha wkdjrKh

ms<sn| kshuhka wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ

j.ùï hdka;%Khg wkql+, jkfia ‘wkql+,;d

iudf,dapkhlg’ Ndckh flfrkq we;' 26 isg 34

olajd jQ fþoj, oelafjk m%;sm;a;sh" 35 isg 101

olajd jQ fþoj, oelafjk wkdjrK úia;r" iy

113 isg 144 olajd jQ fþoj, oelafjk l%shd;aul

lsÍfï ixúêúOdkhkao wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=fõ j.ùu ms<sn| hdka;%Kh hgf;a wkql+,;d

iudf,dapkhlg hg;a flfrkq we;'

40


Wm.%ka:h 1

ndysr WmfoaYk l%shdj,sh

1' l<ukdldr wOHlaI fckrd,a iNdm;s;ajfhka fÊIaG wNHka;r kshuq lñgqj m;a lsÍu;a iu.u 2010 fmnrjdß udifha§ fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ^PCP& iudf,dapkh lsÍu werUqks' iudf,dapk l%shdj,sfha wdrïNh ksfõokh lrkq msKsi wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sfha iudf,dapkh i|ydu fjka jQ fjí wvúhla Èh;a lf<a h' tfukau fuu iudf,dapkh wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ yjq,aldß;aj mqj;a ixfoaYfhys m%Odk mqj; úh' tu mqj;a ixfoaYh úoHq;a mqj;a iïmsKavkhla úh' thg ,sms imhk 1"000 lg wêl ixLHdjla isák w;r" bka fndfyda fofkla isú,a iudch" úoaj;a;=" iy fjk;a ixj¾Ok ksfhdað;dh;khkag wh;a wh fj;s'

2' fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh iudf,dapkh lsÍfï fjí wvúh yryd 2005 m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn|j woyia m< lrk f,i wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ck;djg werhqï lf<ah' ck;djf.ka woyia Ndr .ekSu i|yd jQ udi 2l ld,h 2010 wfm%a,a 15 jkodhska wjika úh' fuu ld,mßÉfþoh ;=< m%;sm;a;sfha m<uqjk WmfoaYk flgqïm;la ms<sfh< lrkq msKsi wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ wNHka;rh fj;ska yd ndysfrka woyia b,a,d isák ,§' ,enqKq woyia wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ m%;spdrho iu.ska fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapk fjí wvúfha m, lrk ,§'

3' WmfoaYk flgqïm; 2010 cQks 2 jk Èk wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrk ,§' m%Odk jYfhka tys ixialrKuh fjkialï we;=<;a jQ w;r tu.ska wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ jHdmdßl l%shdj,ska fj; lrkq ,nk hdj;ald,Skhka ms<sìUq fjhs' fuu flgqïm; iy m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| woyia miqj mej;s foaYSh WmfoaYkj, idlÉPd i|yd moku njg m;a úh' th bkaÿkSishdkq NdIdj" Ök" yskaÈ" lu¾ iy reishdkq NdIdj,g mßj¾;kh fldg we;'

4' 2010 cQks 15 jk Èk isg 2010 wf.daia;= 02 olajd ;Sj% WmfoaYkhka mj;ajk ,§' ck;d WmfoaYk ie,eiaula iy ld, f¾Ldjla wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúfha m%o¾Ykh lrk ,§' WmfoaYkhka i|yd miqìu yd ikao¾Nho" idlÉPd i|yd iQodkï lrk ,o lreKq iïmsKavKhlao" m%;sm;a;sfha m<uqjk flgqïm;o ,nd fokq msKsi WmfoaYkhkag mj¾ fmdhskaÜ o¾Ykhla u.ska uÕ fmkajk ,§'

5' iuia; jYfhka rgj,a 12l WmfoaYk /iaùï 20la mj;ajk ,§' tu rgj,a kï" ´iafÜ%,shdj nx.,sfoaYh" ldïfndach" ms,smSkh" lekvdj" Ök ckrch" c¾uksh" bkaÈhdj" bkaÿkSishdj" cmdkh" ;ðlsia:dkh iy wefußldj fjhs' fuu WmfoaYkhkag fldgialrejka 500 lg wêl ixLHdjla iyNd.s jQy' Tjqyq rch" ydkshg ,la jk who we;=¿ isú,a iudch" iudk ixúOdk" úoaj;=ka iy fm!oa.,sl wxYh ksfhdackh l<y' fuu WmfoaYkhka bx.%Sis yd wod< foaYSh NdIdjka f.ka meje;ajqKs' wjYH mßÈ m%dfoaYSh myiqldrlhska iy mßj¾;lhska n|jd .kq ,eîh'

41

6' m%;sm;a;sfha ÈYdj hym;a nj fndfyda iyNd.s jQjka y÷kd .;a w;ru" Tjqyq my; i|yka ks¾foaYhka bÈßm;a l<y'

î& fjk;a nyqmd¾Yaúl ixj¾Ok nexl=j, úYsIag;u wkdjrK ms<sfj;a iuÕ fuu m%;sm;a;sh wkq.; lsÍu'

îi& m%;slafIam lrk ,o b,a,Sï i|yd wNshdpkd hdka;%Khla we;s lsÍu'îii& wkdjrKh i|yd we;s jHd;sf¾Lhka iudf,dapkh lsÍu'îv& ydkshg m;a ck;dj iïnkaO lr .ekSu lafIa;% uÜgfuka ÈhqKq lsÍu'^v& wOHlaI uKav,fha úksúoNdjh jeä lsÍu'^vi& fm!oa.,sl wxY fufyhqï ms<sn| f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfï uÜgu jeä lsÍu'^vii& NdId mßj¾;khka jeä lsÍu yd ÈhqKq lsÍu'^viii& ú.Kk jd¾;d iy ;yxÑ mkjk ,o wdh;k yd mqoa.,hska ms<sn| ishÆ f;dr;=re

wkdjrKh lsÍu'

7' iyNd.sjQjkaf.a ,ehsia;=jlao iuÕ" WmfoaYk idrdxY ish,a, fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapk fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrk ,§'

8' 2010 fkdjeïn¾ 26 jk Èk m%;sm;a;sfha fojk WmfoaYkfha flgqïm; iy ndysr woyiaj, idrdxYhla yd thg wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j oelajQ m%;spdrh fuu úfYaI fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrk ,o w;r" ta ms<sn|j ;jÿrg;a woyia oelaùug udihl ld,hla ,nd fok ,§' tho nyid bkaÿkSishd" Ök" yskaÈ" lu¾ iy reishka NdIdjkag mßj¾;kh lrk ,§' WmfoaYk l%shdj,sfha§ ,enqKq woyia yels ;rñka fojk flgqïm;g we;=<;a lrk ,§'

9' fojk flgqïm; ms<sn| oelajqKq woyia ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuka miqj" wOHlaI uKav,fha i,ld ne,Su msKsi ld¾h m;%sldjla 2011 fmnrjdß 16 jk Èk ms<sfh< lrk ,§' tu ld¾h m;%sldj iy fojk WmfoaYkfha flgqïm; ms<sn|j wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ m%;spdrh fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapk fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrk ,§'

10' WmfoaYk l%shdj,sfha fldgila jYfhka" fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapk lKavdhu fuu iudf,dapkh ms<sn|j idlÉPd lrkq msKsi;a" ;j;a woyia ,nd .kq msKsi;a" 2010 j¾Ifha§ ueks,d kqjr mej;s .af,dan,a g%dkaiafm%arkais bksIsháõ ^f.da,Sh úksúo;d uQ,lD;Hh& iy lsysm j;djlau wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<sn| rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk ixiofha ksfhdað;hska iuÕ;a yuqùï meje;ajQy' .af,dan,a g%dkaiafm%arkais bkSIsfhaáõ úiska 2011 ckjdß udifha ueks,d kqjr§ fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh iudf,dapkh lsÍu ms<sn|j jgfïi idlÉPdjla ixúOdkh lrk ,§' 2011 uehs udifha úhÜkdufha yefkdahs kqjr mej;s wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ 44 jk jd¾Isl /iaùu w;r;=r§ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<sn| rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk ixioh úiska ixúOdkh lrk ,o fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| idlÉPd uKavmhlgo wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j iyNd.s úh' tu wjia:djka foflys§u wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn|j;a" tys iudf,dapkh ms<sn|j;a foaYkhla l< w;r" iyNd.sjQjka úiska wik ,o m%Yakj,g ms<s;=reo iemhqfõh'

42


Wm.%ka:h 2

fjk;a nyqmd¾Yaúl ixj¾Ok nexl=j, f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu

1' nyqmd¾Yaúl ixj¾Ok nexl=j, f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s fufyhjk fmdÿ uQ,O¾uh jkafka fufyhqïj, jeä újD;Ndjh iy úksúoNdjh i|yd we;s wjYH;djhhs' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j yd iudk ixúOdkhka ish úksúoNdjh jeä lrkq msKsi f;dr;=re wkdjrK m%;sm;a;s m%;sfYdaOkhka isÿ lrñka fyda isÿ lr we;' fï tla tla wdh;kfhys m%;sm;a;s m%;sfYdaOkhkag wkdjrKh lrkq ,nk ,sheú,s j¾. fyda ixLHdj jeä lsÍu iy tajdfha f;dr;=re fj; msúiSu ms<sn| ixfYdaOkhka we;=<;a h'

wm%sldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

2' 2004 ud¾;= udifha wms%ldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ^AfDB& f;dr;=re wkdjrK m%;sm;a;sh’ wkqu; l< w;r" th 2005 Tlaf;danrfha ixfYdaOkh lrk ,§' tu.ska wfmalaId flfrkqfha úfYaI fya;= ;snqKfyd;a yer wm%sldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ishÆu fufyhqï yd l%shdldrlï ms<sn| ishÆ f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍuhs'

3' fufyhqï f;dr;=re iïnkaOfhka" tu m%;sm;a;sh ck;djg ,nd Èh hq;= ,sheú,s f,i úYd, mrdihl tajd kshu lrhs' tajdg tla tla ,sheú,a, ms<sn| flá úia;rhlao th ,eîug ie,eiaùfï l%shdj,sfhys ljr wÈhf¾ mj;So hkak ms<sn| ix{djlao we;=<;a h' ck;djg ,eîug ie,eiaúh hq;= wm%hldkq ixj¾Ok nexl= iuQyh ms<sn| uQ,H" mßmd,k iy kS;suh f;dr;=re ljf¾o hkak ms<sn| ksYaÑ; kshuhkao tu m%;sm;a;sfha i|yka h'

4' WodyrKhla f,i" WmfoaYkh yd fldgialdr iyNd.s;ajh m%j¾Okh lrkq msKsi fufyhqï m%;sm;a;s m;%sldj, iy foaYSh Wmdhud¾. m;%sldj, flgqïm;a tajd ms<sn|j wOHlaI uKv,fha idlÉPdjg .ekSug hg;a msßfihska Èk 50lg j;a l<ska wkdjrKh lrkq ,eìh hq;= hehs fuu m%;sm;a;sh kshu lrhs'

5' ryiH f,iu ;nd .kq ,nk ,sheú,s j¾.j,g we;=<;a jk m%Odk;u tajd folls' fy<s l< fyd;a m%d.aOk yd uQ,H fj<|m,j, wm%sldkq ixj¾Ok nexl= iuQyfha lghq;=j,g ydkshla we;s l< yels wNHka;r uQ,H f;dr;=re bka tla m%fNaohls' wfkl jkafka fm!oa.,sl wdh;khlg Khla ,nd §u ms<sn|j idlÉPd lsÍfï§ fyda th ms<sn|j úYaf,aIKh lsÍfï§ wms%ldkq ixj¾Ok nexl= iuQyh fj; ,efnk tu fm!oa.,sl wdh;kj, uQ,H" jHdmdßl fyda ysñldr f;dr;=rehs' wod< wdh;k úiska Tjqkaf.a tu f;dr;=re uqod yeÍug wjir fokq ,enqj fyd;a muKla tajd wkdjrKh flf¾'

6' wm%sldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ wOHlaI uKav,h oekg ish f;dr;=re wkdjrK m%;sm;a;sh iudf,dapkh lrñka isák w;r ish iudf,dapkh 2011 § iïmQ¾K lsÍug woyia lrhs'

43

ms<silrKh yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| hqfrdamSh nexl=j

7' ms<silrKh yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| hqfrdamSh nexl=j ̂ EBRD& 2011 cQ,s udifha ish fmdÿ f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sh m%;sfYdaOkh lf<ah' fuu m%;sfYdaê; m%;sm;a;sh 2011 fkdjeïn¾ udifha§ n,d;aul jkq we;'

8' ryiH;d iSudjka hg;g fkd.efkk fm!oa.,sl wxY jHdmD;s ms<sn| jHdmD;s o< igyka ^jHdmD;s idrdxY ,sheú,s& wOHlaI uKav,h úiska i,ld ne,Sug ,s;a Èk 30lg fmr j;a ms<silrKh yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| hqfrdamSh nexl= fjí wvúfha m%isoaêhg m;a l< hq;= h' ryiH;d iSudjka hg;g .efkkafka kï" hï uqo,a ,nd §ula isÿ lsÍug fmr yels ;dla blauKska jHdmD;s o< igyk uqod yefrkq we;' rdcH wxY jHdmD;s i|yd jQ jHdmD;s o< igyka ,sheú,s tajd ms<sn|j wOHlaI uKv,fha idlÉPdjg .ekSug hg;a msßfihska Èk 50lg j;a l<ska m%isoaêhg m;a lrkq ,efí' fuu o< igyka bx.%Sisfhka we;s w;r" jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul jk rfgys ks, cd;sl NdIdfjka o ,nd .ekSug i,iajkq ,efí' jHdmD;sh ie,lsh hq;= f,i fjkia fõ kï" tu ,sheú,s hdj;ald,Sk lrkq ,efí'

9' 2011 § m%;sfYdaê; m%;sm;a;shg wkqj" foaYSh Wmdhud¾. ms<sfh, lsÍu iïnkaOfhka woyia m, lsÍug uyck;djg ,s;a Èk 45l ld,hla ,nd fokq we;' m%;sfYdaê; m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jQ úg" uyck WmfoaYk l%shdj,sh myiq lrjkq msKsi" foaYSh Wmdhud¾.hkays flgqïm;a wod< cd;sl NdIdfjka m%isoaêhg m;a flfrkq we;' foaYSh Wmdhud¾.h wjika jYfhka wkqu; lsÍug fmr" ck;d woyiaj, idrdxYhla iy tu woyiaj,g ms<silrKh yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| hqfrdamSh nexl= ld¾huKav,h ,nd ÿka m%;spdr wOHlaI uKav,h fj; ,nd fokq ,efí' wOHlaI uKav, wkque;sh ,nd §fuka miqj" ck;d woyiaj, idrdxYhla ms<silrKh yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| hqfrdamSh nexl=fõ fjí wvúfha m, flfrkq we;s w;r" wjika jYfhka wkqu; lrk ,o foaYSh Wmdhud¾.h cd;sl NdIdfjka m, flfrkq we;' tfukau flgqïm;a lrk ,o wdxYSh Wmdhud¾.hka ck;d woyia ,nd .ekSu i|yd ,s;a Èk 45l ld,hla ms<silrKh yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| hqfrdamSh nexl= fjí wvúfha m, l< hq;= nj tu m%;sm;a;sh kshu lrhs' wdxYSh Wmdhud¾.h wjika jYfhka wkqu; lsÍug fmr" ck;d woyiaj, idrdxYhla iy tu woyiaj,g ms<silrKh yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| hqfrdamSh nexl= ld¾huKav,h ,nd ÿka m%;spdr wOHlaI uKav,h fj; ,nd fokq ,efí'

10' mdßißl yd idudÔh n,mEï ;lafiare m, lsÍfï j.lSulao 2011 fmdÿ f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sh ;=< we;=<;a fõ' ta wkqj fm!oa.,sl wxY jHdmD;shla iïnkaOfhka kï" i,ld ne,Sug ,s;a Èk 60lg l<skao" rdcH wxY jHdmD;shla iïnkaOfhka jQ úg ,s;a Èk 120lg l<skao tu ;lafiare ,kavkfha msysá ms<silrKh yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| hqfrdamSh nexl= uQ,ia:dkfhao" jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul jk rfÜ wod< fkajdisl ld¾hd,fhao ;nd ;sìh hq;= h'

11' ms<silrKh yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| hqfrdamSh nexl=j ish fmdÿ f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul ùu ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;djla ish fjí wvúfhys m, lrk w;r" fmdÿ f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sfha i|yka j.lSï idrdxYhlao" fmr j¾Ifha§ tajd imqrd,k ,o wdldrho thg we;=<;a fõ'

hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=j

12' hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=j ^EIB& fldgialrejka yg nexl=fõ md,kh" Wmdhud¾.h" m%;sm;a;sh" l%shdldrlï" ms<sfj;a" ld¾hidOkh" n,mEï yd m%;sM, ms<sn|j wjfndaO lr .; yels jkq msKsi ish f;dr;=re fj; Tjqkag m%úIaGh ,nd §ug wemlem ù isà' hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl= úksúoNdj m%;sm;a;sh 2010 fmnrjdß udifha§ n,d;aul úh' hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=j i;=j we;s ishÆu f;dr;=re b,a¨ úg ,nd §ug hg;a h' tfia fkdjkafka

44

wkdjrKh fkdlsÍug ;rï jeo.;a fya;=jla ;snqK fyd;a muKs' hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=j nexl=jla jYfhka l%shd;aul jk neúka" th wkdjrKh lrk f;dr;=re u; hï iïndOlo ;sfí'

13' f;dr;=re fj; msúiSfï yelshdj m%j¾Okh lrkq msKsi hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=j ck;d wjYH;d ie,ls,a,g .kakd NdId m%;sm;a;shla fj; wemlem ù isà'

14' jHjydr kS;s yd fr.=,dis u.ska mkjkq ,nk iSudjka we;=<;" ljr f;dr;=re ck;djg uqod yeßh yelso hkak ms<sn| wjidk ;SrKh hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=j i;= fõ' tfukau ish fjí wvúfha iy$fyda uqøs; iajrEmfhka ,nd Èh hq;= ,sheú,s l=uk tAjdo hkak ;SrKh lsÍuo nexl=j i;= h' idudkHfhka fmdÿ jeo.;alula we;ehs fyda úYd, fldgialdr iy$fyda ck ixLHdjla yg jeo.;a úh yels hehs ie,flk ,sheú,s m, flfrkq we;'

15' f;dr;=r wkdjrKh lsÍfï yd úksúoNdjh mj;ajd .ekSfï mQ¾j kshdñ;hla iys; m%;sm;a;shla fj; hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=j wemlem ù ;sfí' ta w;ru" hqfrdamSh kS;s ms,sme§fuys,d mjd wjYH jk jD;a;Shfõ§ ryiaj,g .re lsÍfï hq;=lulao we;' jHdmdßl .súiqïj,g yd fj<|m, lghq;=j,g n,mdk cd;sl fr.=,dis iy nexl= lafIa;%fha m%ñ;Skao hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=jg wod< úh yels h' idudkHfhka hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=jg ish jHdmdßl yjq,alrejka iuÕ we;s ryiHNdjh wdrlaId l< hq;= in|;d ms<sn| f;dr;=re yd ,sheú,s wdrlaId flfrkqfha jHd;sf¾Lhka u.ska h'

16' hï f;dard .;a m%;sm;a;s iïnkaOfhka úêu;a fmdÿ WmfoaYkj, iafõÉPdfjkau kshe,Su È.ska È.gu wkq.ukh lsÍugo hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=j wemlem ù isà'

17' uyck;dj w;ßka ´kEu flkl=g hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=j fj;ska f;dr;=re b,a,d isàug;a" ,eîug;a whs;shla we;' b,a,Sïj,g fok ishÆu ms<s;=re ;d¾lslj ;sìh hq;= h'

18' uq¿ ixúOdkh mqrdu úksúo;d m%;sm;a;sh’ l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd iïm;a m%;smdokh lrkq ,efí' hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=fõ l%shdldrlï ms<sn|j m%foaYfha ck;djg f;dr;=re ,nd fokq msKsi hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=fõ ishÆu l,dm ld¾hd,j, f;dr;=re ,nd §fï tall msysgqjkq we;'

19' hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=j ish úksúo;d m%;sm;a;sh wkqj lghq;= lsÍug wiu;aj we;ehs fldgialrejkag yeÕqKq úg" hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=fõ meñKs,s hdka;%Kh Tjqka yg wNshdpkd bÈßm;a lsÍug bv i,ihs'

wka;¾-wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

20' wka;¾-wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ^IDB& úOdhl wOHlaI uKav,h 2009 foieïnrfha§ ish úksúo;d m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| mq¿,a iudf,dapkhla lsÍug n,h mejÍh' wOHlaI uKav,h wka;¾-wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh ms<sn| m%;sm;a;sh’ 2010 uehs 12 jk Èk wkqu; lf<ah'

21' wkdjrKhg mlaImd;S mQ¾jdkqudkh wjOdrKh lrkq msKsi" wka;¾-wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ;uka idudkHfhka wkdjrKh lrk f;dr;=re ms<sn| “idOk ,ehsia;=j” m, lsÍu kj;d we;' tu m%;sm;a;sh wka;¾-wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ f;dr;=rej,g iy th i;=j we;s úfYaIs; f;dr;=rej,g wod< jk w;r" wkdjrKhg hg;a fkdjk

Wm.%ka:h 2

45

jHd;sf¾Lhka ,ehsia;=jla tu m%;sm;a;sfha we;' thg wu;rj" wkdjrKh fkdl< hq;= ksYaÑ; f;dr;=re ,ehsia;=jlao m%;sm;a;sfhys wvx.= fõ'

22' tu m%;sm;a;sh fmr ;snqKdg jvd jeä f;dr;=re fj;" úfYaIfhkau wOHlaI uKav, idlÉPd iy l%shd;aulj we;s jHdmD;s ms<sn| f;dr;=re fj;" m%úIaGh i|yd wjldY ,nd § we;' tu m%;sm;a;sh wOHlaI uKav, lñgqj, Æyq~q jd¾;d yd kHdhm;%hka wkdjrKh lsÍu ms<sn| lafIa;%h mq¿,a lrhs' tla tla úOdhl wOHlaIjrhdf.a m%ldYhka wkdjrKh flfrkafka iafõÉPd mokñka muKs' m%:u jrg" jHdmD;s wëlaIK iy we.ehSï ,sheú,s .Kkdjla ,nd .ekSug bv i,id § ;sfí' wOHlaI uKav,h fj; bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk hï ,sheú,s o wOHlaI uKav,h w;r ixirKh lrk wjia:dfõ§u wkdjrKh lsÍu i|yd jQ úêúOdk fuu m%;sm;a;sh ;=< we;=<;a h' tajdg foaYSh Wmdhud¾." Kh fhdackd" yd ;dlaIKsl iyfhda.s;djh we;=<;a jk w;r" wod< rg úreoaO;djh m, lrkafka kï muKla wkdjrKh fkdflf¾'

23' m%;sm;a;shg wkqj" m%isoaêhg m;a fkdlrk f;dr;=re ld,hla .; jQ miq iSudjkaf.ka ksoyia flf¾' f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh i|yd jQ b,a,Sula m%;slafIam flfrkafka kï" b,aÆïlreg iajdëk uKav,hla bÈßfha fojk jrg;a wNshdpkd l< yels h'

f,dal nexl= iuQyh

cd;Hka;r uQ,H ixia:dj

24' cd;Hka;r uQ,H ixia:dj ^IFC& 2009 iema;eïnrfha§ ish ;sria:dhs;d ie,iqu iudf,dapkh lsÍfuys fldgila f,i" 2006 wkdjrK m%;sm;a;sh iudf,dapkh lsÍu weröh' cd;Hka;r uQ,H ixia:dfõ wOHlaI uKav,h kj f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh ms<sn| m%;sm;a;sho we;=<;a hdj;ald,Sk lrk ,o ;sria:dhs;d ie,iqu 2011 uehs 12 jk Èk wkqu; lf<ah' fuu kj m%;sm;a;sh tys úia;r jk f;dr;=re wkdjrKh l< hq;= h hk mQ¾jdkqudkhla u; mokïj we;' ta wkqj nrm;, fya;=jla fkdue;s kï" tu f;dr;=re wkdjrKh l< yels h' th uq¿ jHdmD;s Ôjk pl%h mqrdu jHdmD;s ms<sn|j;a" wdfhdack ms<sn|j;a ikaksfõokh lsÍug iy ixj¾Ok m%;sM, ms<sn|j jd¾;d lsÍug cd;Hka;r uQ,H ixia:djg we;s yelshdj j¾Okh lrhs' tfukau th uQ,H w;rueÈhka yd WmfoaYl fiajdjka iuÕ l< ish wdfhdackhka ms<sn| úksúoNdjh jeä lrk w;r" f;dr;=re i|yd b,a,Sï fldg m%;slafIam lrk ,o wh i|yd wÈhr foll wNshdpkd l%shdj,shla y÷kajd fohs'

nyqmd¾Yaúl wdfhdack wemlr ksfhdað;dh;kh

25' nyqmd¾Yaúl wdfhdack wemlr ksfhdað;dh;kfha f;dr;=re wkdjrK m%;sm;a;sh 2007 cQ,s 1 jk Èk n,d;aul jQ w;r" 1999 cQ,s m%;sm;a;sh iïmQ¾Kfhkau wfydais úh'

26' ish fiajd,dNSka" yjq,alrejka" fldgialrejka ̂ yd mSvdjg m;a jQ ck;dj&" iy wfkla Wkkaÿjla olajk ck;dj yg nyqmd¾Yaúl wdfhdack wemlr ksfhdað;dh;kfha jHdmdßl lghq;=" tys lghq;=j, iuia; ixj¾Ok yd wfkl=;a n,mEï" iy th ixj¾Okh i|yd fok odhl;ajh ms<sn|j wjfndaO lr f.k ta ms<sn|j fyd¢ka oekqj;a idlÉPdjlg wj;S¾K úh yels jk fia nyqmd¾Yaúl wdfhdack wemlr ksfhdað;dh;kh ish lghq;= ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug i,iajhs' fuu uQ,O¾uj,g wkql+,j nyqmd¾Yaúl wdfhdack wemlr

46

ksfhdað;dh;kh úiska ,nd fokq ,nk f;dr;=re j¾.SlrKh l< yelafla( nyqmd¾Yaúl wdfhdack wemlr ksfhdað;dh;kh ms<sn| wdh;ksl f;dr;=re; iy nyqmd¾Yaúl wdfhdack wemlr ksfhdað;dh;kh úiska wdOdr lrkq ,nk l%shdldrlï ms<sn| f;dr;=re jYfhks' nyqmd¾Yaúl wdfhdack wemlr ksfhdað;dh;kh úiska wdOdr lrkq ,nk l%shdldrlï ms<sn| f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu ms<sn| jeä j.lSu wod< fiajd,dNshdg mejfrk w;r" nyqmd¾Yaúl wdfhdack wemlr ksfhdað;dh;kh ish wkdjrK m%;sm;a;sfha úia;r flfrk wdldrhg hï ksYaÑ; f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug bv i,ihs'

27' m%;sm;a;sfha úia;r jk f;dr;=re iïnkaOfhka f;dr;=re wkdjrKh l< hq;= h hk mQ¾jdkqudkhla we;s w;r" wkdjrKh fkdlsÍug ;rï n,j;a fya;=jla fkdue;s kï wkdjrKh lsÍu isÿ flf¾'

f,dal nexl=j

28' f,dal nexl=fõ f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh ms<sn| m%;sm;a;sh 2009 fkdjeïn¾ 17 jk Èk tys úOdhl wOHlaIjreka úiska wkqu; lrk ,o w;r th 2010 cQ,s 1 jk Èk n,d;aul úh' kj m%;sm;a;sh f,dal nexl=fõ f;dr;=re wkdjrK ms<sfjf;ys lemS fmfkk mq¿,a ùula úh' fmr ;snQ m%fõYh jQfha thg wkdjrKh l< yelafla ljr f;dr;=reoehs oelaùuhs' tfy;a kj m%fõYh hgf;a f,dal nexl=j ish jHd;sf¾L ,ehsia;=jg wh;a fkdjk ´kEu f;dr;=rela wkdjrKh lrhs'

29' fuu m%;sm;a;sh ;=<ska fmrg jvd jeä f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍug bv i,ihs' úfYaIfhkau iQodkï flfrñka yd l%shd;aul flfrñka we;s jHdmD;s" úYaf,aIS yd WmfoaYl l%shdldrlï" iy wOHlaI uKav, idlÉPd igyka wdY%s; f;dr;=re fuhg we;=<;a fjhs' tfukau th hï m%;sm;a;s yd Wmdhud¾. ms<sn| f;dr;=re fj; tajd bÈßm;a flfrk wjia:dfõ§uo" jHdmD;s wdY%s; ,sheú,s fj; tajd wOHlaI uKav,h fj; ,nd fok wjia:dfõ§uo msúiSug bv i,ihs' flfia jqjo" fuys§ wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg ish idudðl rgj,a iuÕ úYajdijka; iïnkaO;djh mj;ajd .ekSug isÿ fõ' tfukau ish ld¾huKav,hg wNHka;ßl f,i fyda fiajd,dNSka fj; ksoyfia woyia mejiSug yd ks¾foaY bÈßm;a lsÍug wjldY ie,iSuo wjYH fõ' tu ksid ish ;SrKhka yd l%shdud¾. lrd jQ idlÉPd l%shdj,sfhys ryiHNdjh fuu m%;sm;a;sh u.ska wdrlaId flf¾'

30' f;dr;=re ms<sn| Wmßu m%úIaGh ,nd §u yd fy<s l< fyd;a ksYaÑ;j ia:dms; ù we;s ;;a;ajhkag ydkslr f;dr;=re ryiH f,i ;nd .ekSu w;r iu;=,s;;djhla ;nd .ekSug fuu m%;sm;a;sh W;aidy lrhs' jHd;sf¾Lhka kñka ye¢kafjk" wkdjrKh fkdflfrk f;dr;=re ,ehsia;=jla fuu m%;sm;a;sfhys i|yka fõ' flfia jqjo" hï úfYaI ;;a;ajhka hgf;a" f;dr;=rla wkdjrKh lsÍfuka w;a jk fmdÿ hym; tn÷ wkdjrKhlska we;s úh yels ydksh wNsnjd hkafka hehs f,dal nexl=j ;SrKh lrkafka kï" m%;sm;a;s jHd;sf¾Lhka blaujd hdug we;s whs;sh f,dal nexl=j r|jd .kS' tfukau f,dal nexl=j idudkHfhka wkdjrKh lrk hï f;dr;=rla wkdjrKh lsÍfuka we;s úh yels ydksh bka w;a jk fmdÿ hym; wNsnjd hkafka fyda hdug bv we;s hehs hï úfYaI ;;a;ajhka hgf;a f,dal nexl=j ;SrKh lrkafka kï" tfia wkdjrKh fkdlsÍug we;s whs;sho f,dal nexl=j r|jd .kS'

31' m%;sfYdaê; m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a" f,dal nexl=j idudkHfhka m%dfhda.sl f,i yels Wmßu f;dr;=re úfYaIfhka ish fjí wvúh yryd ck;djg ,nd .ekSug bv i,ihs' tfukau f;dr;=re b,a,Su yd b,a,Sïj,g m%;spdr oelaùu i|yd jQ ksrjq,a yd wvq úhoï ld¾hmámdáo th wkq.ukh lrkq we;' tfukau wNshdpkd l%shdj,sfha§ th wÈhr foll l%shdj,shla

Wm.%ka:h 2

47

fhdod .kS' f;dr;=re fj; msúiSu m%;slafIam lrk ,o b,aÆïlrejkag f,dal nexl=j widOdrK f,i f;dr;=re ,nd §u m%;slafIam l< njla yef.a kï" Tjqkag fojk wÈhr i|yd wNshdpkh l< yelsh' fuu fojekak l<ukdldß;ajh iïnkaO fkdjk iajdëk l%shdj,shls' wjika jYfhka" iuyr f;dr;=rej, we;s ixfõ§Ndjh ld,hdf.a wejEfuka ySk jk nj fuu m%;sm;a;sh ms<s .kS' tu ksid iuyr iSud lrk ,o f;dr;=re m%fNaohka tu >Kfhka bj;a fldg wkdjrKh lsÍu i|yd ld, iSudjkao mkjd ;sfí'

48


Wm.%ka:h 3 2005 fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh" fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh iudf,dapkh lsÍu ms<sn| wd¾ m;%sldj" iy f,dal nexl=fõ yd wka;¾-wfußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh ms<sn| m%;sm;a;s w;r ikaikaokh^2011 iema;eïn¾&

ldrKh ADB j;auka ms<sfj; ^2005 fmdÿ ikaksfõok

m%;sm;a;sh&

fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh iudf,dapkh

lsÍu ms<sn| wd¾ m;%sldj ;=< we;s

fhdackdj

fjk;a nyqmd¾Yaúl ixj¾Ok nexl=

1' m%;sm;a;s YS¾Ih@

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh( f;dr;=re wkdjrKh yd yqjudre lr .ekSu'

m%;sm;a;s YS¾Ih ;nd .kakd ,§''

f,dal nexl=j( f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh ,nd §u ms<sn| f,dal nexl= m%;sm;a;sh'

wka;¾-wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh ,nd §u ms<sn| m%;sm;a;sh'

2' m%;sm;a;sfha ;;a;ajh@

m%;sm;a;sh 2005 § wkqu; lrk ,§' oekg iudf,dapkh flfrñka mj;S'

wod, ke;' f,dal nexl=j( m%;sm;a;sh 2009 fkdjeïn¾ 17 jk Èk wkqu; lrk ,o w;r 2010 cQ,s 1 jk Èk n,d;aul úh'

wka;¾-wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( m%;sm;a;sh 2010 uehs 12 jk Èk wkqu; lrk ,o w;r 2011 ckjdß 1 jk Èk n,d;aul úh'

3' m%;sm;a;sh ;=< ndysr in|;d Wmdhud¾.h we;=<;a lr ;sfío@

Tõ' fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh jkdys wkdjrK m%;sm;a;shl iy ndysr in|;d Wmdhud¾.hl ixl,khls'

úúO b,lal .%dylhska iuÕ id¾:l ikaksfõokhla ;yjqre lrkq msKsi ndysr in|;d Wmdhud¾.h fjkqjg fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%fõYh ms<sn| jvd mgq wjOdkh'

f,dal nexl=j iy wka;¾-wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( wdjrKhla fkdue;' f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh muKs' ndysr in|;d iy fmdÿ ikaksfõokh ms<sn|j fjk fjku lghq;= flf¾'

4' uQ,O¾u-mdol m%fõYh@

fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh hï idudkH uQ,O¾u olajhs ^28-38 fþo& tkuq;a fïjd meyeÈ,sju wjOdrKh fkdflf¾'

fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sfha uQ,O¾u m%;ssm;a;s m%ldYfha wjOdrKh fldg ;sfí' ^27-33 fþo&

f,dal nexl= iy wka;¾-wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl= m%;sm;a;s jvd;a uQ,O¾u mokï lr .;a m%fõYhla lrd .uka lrhs'

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5' m%ldYs; mQ¾jdkqudkh wkdjrKhg mlaImd;So@

Tõ' wkdjrKhg mlaImd;S mQ¾jdkqudkh mj;ajd .kS'

f,dal nexl=j iy wka;¾-wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( Tõ

6' wkdjrKh flfrkqfha ld, kshuhka iys;jo@

Tõ' ,sheú,s wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúfha we;=<;a l< hq;= ld,h ,sheú,af,a j¾.h wkqj fjkia fõ' ^iuyr tajd we.ehSug fmro" wfklajd wOHlaI uKav,fha i,ld ne,Sfuka miq i;s folla we;=<;o m, l< hq;= h'&

Tõ' wkdjrKh lsÍfï ld, kshuhka È.gu mj;ajd f.k iqÿiq f,i hdj;ald,Sk flf¾' fndfyda wOHlaI uKav, ,sheú,s oeka uKav,hg ixirKh lrk úgu wkdjrKh flf¾'

f,dal nexl=j iy wka;¾-wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( f,dal nexl= iy wka;¾-wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl= m%;sm;a;s m;%sldj,g wkqj" wOHlaI uKav,h w;r ixirKh lrk úgu wkdjrKh l< hq;= ,sheú,s yer" wkdjrKh i|yd ksYaÑ; ld, rduqjla fkdue;'

Tõ' f;dr;=re i|yd jQ b,a,Sï ,enqKq nj oekqï §ug jev lrk Èk 5la iy m%;spdr oelaùug ,s;a Èk 30la'

Tõ' jQ b,a,Sï ,enqKq nj oekqï §ug jev lrk Èk 5la iy m%;spdr oelaùug ,s;a Èk 20la'

Tõ' f,dal nexl=j( Tõ' b,a,Sï ,enqKq nj oekqï §ug jev lrk Èk 5la iy m%;spdr oelaùug ,s;a Èk 20la ^ld,h ;j;a Èla lr .; yelsh&'

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( m%;sm;a;sh ;=< ndysr b,a,Sï i|yd ld, iSudjla fkdue;'

7' wkdjrKh l< hq;= f;dr;=re fyda ,sheú,s wvx.= “idOkSh ,ehsia;=jla” fuu m%;sm;a;sfhys wvx.= fõo@

Tõ' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúfha wkdjrKh l< hq;= fyda Kh.ekqïlre fyda fiajd,dNshd úiska m%pdrKh l< hq;= f;dr;=re ,ehsia;=jla ^idOkSh ,ehsia;=j& fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ;=< we;'

Tõ' ,sheú,s fyda f;dr;=re r|jd f.k mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ f,i hdj;ald,Sk flfrkafka flfiaoehs wkqudk l< yels jk fia “idOkSh ,ehsia;=j” hdj;ald,Sk lrkq ,efí'

f,dal nexl=j iy wka;¾ wfußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( lsisÿ Okd;aul f;dr;=re ,ehsia;=jla mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ f,i wkdjrKh l< hq;= ke;'

“ksfIaOkSh$ RK ,ehsia;=j” u.ska wdjrKh flfrk f;dr;=re wkdjrKh l< hq;= h'

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8' wkdjrKhg jHd;sf¾l ^“RK ,ehsia;=j”& ;sfío@

Tõ' ^126-127fþo&' jHd;sf¾Lhka ,ehsia;=j meyeÈ,s lsÍu ^97 fþoh&' wkdjrKh fkdl< hq;= f;dr;=re m%fNaohka 7la oelaùug YS¾Ihka tla lr ;sfí' iuyr tajdj,§ jHd;sf¾Lj,ska wdrlaId lrkq ,nk wod< wNs,dIhkag wod< f;dr;=re wkdjrKh u.ska we;s flfrk ydksh y÷kd .ksñka jHd;sf¾Lhkaf.a úIh m:h ;r lr ;sfí'

f,dal nexl=j iy wka;¾ wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( Tõ' flfia jqjo" wkdjrKfhka isÿ jk m%;s,dNhg idfmalaIj tys ydksh ii|d ne,sh hq;= hehs jHd;sf¾Lhkaf.ka kshu fkdflf¾'

9' idlÉPd l%shdj,sfha f;dr;=rej, ryiHNdjh@

Tõ' idlÉPd l%shdj,sfha f;dr;=re jHd;sf¾Lhkaf.ka wdrlaId fõ' 126'1- 126'2fþoj,ska wdjrKh jk f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfuka úfYaIs; wNs,dIhkag ydkshla isÿ jkafka kï muKla tajd wkdjrKh fkdflf¾

wOHlaI uKav,fha idlÉPd tmßoafokau igyka jq jd¾;do jHd;sf¾Lhkag hg;a fjhs' ^126'3 fþohka&

Tõ' 2005 fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sfha idlÉPd l%shdj,sj,g wod< f;dr;=re iïnkaO úêúOdk 97 ^i&-^iii& fþoj, ;ju;a we;'

wOHlaI uKav, /iaùuj, l:dny jpkfhka jpkhg igyka lrk ,o jd¾;d j¾I 10lg miqj ta i|yd flfrk b,a,Sula u; wkdjrKh lrkq ,eìh yels h' ^84 fþoh&

f,dal nexl=j iy wka;¾ wfußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( Tõ' idlÉPd l%shdj,sfha f;dr;=re jHd;sf¾Lhka hg;g .efka'

f,dal nexl=j( ryiH f,i ;nd .ekSfuka ksoyia l< fkdyels tajdg we;=<;a fkdjk f;dr;=re ms<sn| wOHlaI uKav, /iaùïj, l:dny jpkfhka jpkhg igyka lrk ,o jd¾;d j¾I 10lg miqj ta i|yd flfrk b,a,Sula u; wkdjrKh lrkq ,eìh yels h'

10' nexl=j úiska mj;ajd f.k hk ishÆu f;dr;=re fy<s fkdflfrk tajd f,i j¾.SlrKh lsÍfï ms<sfj; wkq.ukh flf¾o@

ke;' ^fy<s fkdlrk tajd f,i j¾.SlrKh lsÍu wOHlaI uKav, ,sheú,sj,g muKla isud fõ&'

ke;' wNHka;ßl wdrlaIdj i|yd fy<s fkdlrk tajd f,i f;dr;=re j¾.SlrKh lsÍfï moaO;sh fjku iudf,dapkh lsÍug kshñ; h'

f,dal nexl=j iy wka;¾ wfußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( Tõ'

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11' nexl=j úiska mj;ajd f.k hk fy<s fkdlrk tajd f,i j¾.SlrKh l< f;dr;=re miqj uqod yeÍu isÿ flf¾o@

Tõ" tfy;a mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ j¾.SlrKfhka uqod yeÍfï l%uhla fkdue;' hï f;dr;=rla i|yd jQ iEu b,a,Sulau th lrk wjia:dfõ§ fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;shg idfmalaIj iudf,dapkh flf¾' ,sheú,a,la jHd;sf¾Lhla hg;g fkd.efka kï" th wkdjrKh lrkq ,eìh hq;= njg úêúOdk i,iajd we;' ft;sydisl f;dr;=re iïnkaOfhka wvq jHd;sf¾Lhka m%udKhla wod< fõ'

Tõ' j;auka l%ufõohu mj;ajd .efka'

f,dal nexl=j iy wka;¾ wfußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( ,sheú,s j¾.h wkqj j¾.SlrKfhka uqod yeÍu wjqreÿ 5lg" 10lg fyda 20lg miqj h

12'jHd;sf¾Lhlska wdjrKh flfrk ck;d jeo.;alulska hq;= f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍug nexl=jg úfYaI n,h ;sfío ^idOkSh jQ wNsnjd hdu&@

Tõ" ryiHh f,i ;nd .ekSu i|yd ffk;sl wemlem ùula we;s kï yer" fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;s jHd;sf¾Lhka u.ska wdjrKh flfrk ishÆ f;dr;=re ms<sn|j' 129-130 fþo&

fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj úiska .kq ,nk idOkSh wNsnjd hdfï ;SrK

Tõ' j;auka l%ufõohu mj;ajd .efka' ^99-100 fþo&

wOHlaI uKav, jd¾;d iïnkaOfhka tu uKav,h úiskao" wfkla ,sheú,s iïnkaOfhka iNdm;s úiskao .kq ,nk idOkSh wNsnjd hdfï ;SrK

f,dal nexl=j( Tõ" hï jHmdßl mßmd,kuh" idlÉPduh iy uQ,Huh f;dr;=re i|yd i|yd muKls'

wka;¾ wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( Tõ'

13' jHd;sf¾Lhlska wdjrKh fkdflfrk wkdjrKh fkdlsÍug nexl=jg úfYaI n,h ;sfío ^idOkSh fkdjk m%;sm;a;sh wNsnjd hdu&@

ke;' Tõ" úfYaI wjia:djkays§ iy wOHlaI uKav,h úiska n,h fokq ,enQ úg' ^101 fþoh&

f,dal nexl=j( Tõ" úfYaI ;;a;ajhka hgf;a wOHlaI uKav, jd¾;d iïnkaOfhka wOHlaI uKav,h úiska o" wfkla ,sheú,s iunkaOfhka iNdm;s úiskao n,h ,nd ÿka úg'

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13' jHd;sf¾Lhlska wdjrKh fkdflfrk wkdjrKh fkdlsÍug nexl=jg úfYaI n,h ;sfío îdOkSh fkdjk m%;sm;a;sh wNsnjd hdu&@

wka;¾ wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( úfYaI ;;a;ajhka ;=<" wOHlaI uKav, jd¾;d iïnkaOfhka wOHlaI uKav,h úiska o" wfkla ,sheú,s iunkaOfhka f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh lñgqj úiskao ksrjq,aj yd ,sÅ;j n,h ,nd ÿka úg'

14' f;dr;=re ,nd Èu m%;sfIam jQ úg wNshdpkd lsÍfï l%shdj,shla ;sfío@

Tõ ^wNHka;r&' ndysr in|;d ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m%Odk wOHlaI" l<ukdldr wOHlaI" uyf,alï WmfoaYl hk whf.ka iukaú; fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj hgf;a tla wÈhr meñKs,s hdka;%Khla' ^158-159 fþo&

Tõ' wÈhr foll l%shdj,shls' ^136-141 fþo& î& m<uq wÈhr fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgq l%shdj,sh ^wNHka;r& jYfhkau mj;skq we;; îi& fojk wÈhf¾§ f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh ms<sn| úfYaI{hska ;=ka fokl=f.ka iukaú; iajdëk uvq,a,la'

f,dal nexl=j( Tõ' wÈhr foll wNshdpkd hdka;%Khls' fojk wÈhf¾§ f;dr;=re fj; m%úIaGh ms<sn| úfYaI{hska ;=ka fokl=f.ka iukaú; iajdëk uvq,a,ls'

wka;¾-wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( Tõ' wÈhr foll wNshdpkd hdka;%Khls' fojk wÈhf¾§ ndysr uvq,a,ls' ^tys ixhq;sh ms<sn| úia;r fkdue;&

15' wNshdpkd iudf,dapk úIhm:h@

b,a,Su widOdrK f,i m%;slafIam lrk ,o fyda m%;sm;a;sh jerÈ f,ig w¾: ksremkh lsÍu ms<sn| meñKs,s fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj úiska iudf,dapkh flf¾'

m<uq wÈhr( î& f;dr;=re i|yd jQ b,a,Su m%;slafIam lsÍfuka m%;sm;a;sh W,a,x>Kh l< njg flfrk wNshdpkd' îi& m%;sm;a;s jHd;sf¾Lhka wNsnjd hdug flfrk wNshdpkd ^99 fþoh hgf;a jQ uyck hym; ms<sn| isoaê& fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj úiska iudf,dapkh lsÍu'

f,dal nexl=j iy wka;¾ wfußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( m<uq wÈhr( wNHka;r lñgqj úiska flfrk iudf,dapkh( î& f;dr;=re ,nd §u m%;slafIam lsÍfuka m%;sm;a;sh W,a,x>Kh jQ nj mejfik meñKs,s; fyda îi& ck;d hym; i|yd m%;sm;a;sh wNsnjd hdu msKsi jQ wNshdpkd'

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15' wNshdpkd iudf,dapk úIhm:h@

fojk wÈhr( by; î& hgf;a fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqfõ ;SrK iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h úiska iudf,dapkh lrkq ,efí'

fojk wÈhr( wNHka;r lñgqj úiska î& hgf;a ÿka ;SrK iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h úiska iudf,dapkh lsÍu'

16' úia;rd;aul mßmd,k whjeh wkdjrKh flf¾o@

Tõ' tla tla uQ,H j¾Ih i|yd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= whjeh wkdjrKh flf¾'

Tõ' j;auka ms<sfj;u mj;ajd .efka'

f,dal nexl=j iy wka;¾ wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( Tõ'

17' iu.dó f,iu wkdjrKh lsÍu( î& ck;d WmfoaYk l%shdj,shlg Ndckhlrk ,o flgqïm;a lrk ,o m%;sm;a;s iy Wmdhud¾. wOHlaI uKav,h w;r ixirKh lrk wjia:dfõ§u wkdjrKh flf¾o@

ke;' Tõ' ck;d WmfoaYk l%shdj,shlg Ndckh lrk ,o m%;sm;a;s iy Wmdhud¾. fhdackd ^W iy R m;%sld& wOHlaI uKav,h w;r ixirKh lrk wjia:dfõ§u fjí wvúh ;=< m%o¾Ykh flf¾' ^72 fþoh&

f,dal nexl=j( Tõ' ck;d WmfoaYk l%shdj,shlg miq ilia lrk ,o m%;sm;a;s iy Wmdhud¾. m;%sld flgqïm;la oekgu;a úOdhl wOHlaIjreka úiska iudf,dapkh lr ;sfí kï" th wkdjrKh flf¾'

wka;¾ wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( Tõ' wOHlaI uKav,h úiska fufyhqï m%;sm;a;s iy wdxYSh Wmdhud¾. ms<sn| ,sheú,a,l fmr msgm;la wOHlaI uKav,h úiska l<ska i,ld n,d ;sfí kï" tajd wkdjrKh flf¾'

îi& foaYSh Wmdhud¾. wOHlaI uKav,h w;r ixirKh lrk wjia:dfõ§u wkdjrKh flf¾o@

ke;' tkuq;a flgqïm;a lrk ,o foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾. wkqu; lsÍug fmr rg ;=< isák fldgialrejka w;r WmfoaYk ld¾hka i|yd th hg;a msßfihska foj;djla j;a m%p,s; l< hq;= h'

Tõ' wod< idudðl rg l,a we;sj wkdjrKh lsÍug leue;a; fokafka kï" foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾.j, wjika fhdackdj wOHlaI uKav,h w;r ixirKh lrk wjia:dfõ§u wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúfha m%o¾Ykh flfrkq we;' ^38 fþoh&

f,dal nexl=j( Tõ' wod< idudðl rg leue;a; fokafka kï'

wka;¾ wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( Tõ" wod< rfgka úreoaO;ajhla ke;s kï'

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^iii& wOHlaI uKav, wkque;sh i|yd jQ Kh fhdackd wOHlaI uKav,h w;r ixirKh flfrk wjia:dfõÈu wkdjrKh flf¾o@

ke;' Kh fhdackdjka ^iNdm;sf.a jd¾;d yd ks¾foaY - RRPs& wkdjrKh flfrkqfha wOHlaI uKav, wkque;sfhka i;s folla we;=<; h'

Tõ' wod< idudðl rg l,a we;sj wkdjrKh lsÍug leue;a; fokafka kï" rdcH jHdmD;s i|yd jQ Kh fhdackdjka wOHlaI uKav,h w;r ixirKh lrk wjia:dfõ§u wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúfha m%o¾Ykh flfrkq we;' ^58 fþoh&

f,dal nexl=j( Tõ' wod< idudðl rg leue;a; fokafka kï'

wka;¾ wfußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( Tõ" wod< rg úreoaO fkdjkafka kï" rch wem jk fufyhqï wkdjrKh flf¾'

18' jHdmD;s úia;r wkdjrKh flfrkafkao@

Tõ' idudkH f;dr;=re uQ,sl jHdmD;s f;dr;=re f,aLkfhys iy hdj;ald,Sk lrk ,o jHdmD;s f;dr;=re f,aLkfhys fldgila f,i imhkq ,efí'

Tõ' ld,igyk" ;;a;ajh yd l%shd;aul lsÍfï m%.;sh we;=¿ idudkH jHdmD;s f;dr;=re jHdmD;s o;a; m;%h ^l<ska jHdmD;s f;dr;=re f,aLkh& ;=< ms<sìUq flfrkq we;'

f,dal nexl=j( Tõ" uQ,sl fyda hdj;ald,Sk lrk ,o jHdmD;s f;dr;=re f,aLkfha iy l%shd;aul lsÍfï ;;a;ajh iy m%;sM, ms<sn| jd¾;dfõ fldgila jYfhks'

wka;¾ wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( Tõ'

19' nexl=j úiska uQ,H iïmdÈ; jHdmD;s wdY%s; ú.Kkh lrk ,o uQ,Hd m%ldYhka wkdjrKh flf¾o@

ke;' Tõ' m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jk Èk fyda Bg miqj idlÉPd lsÍu i|yd werhqu ksl=;a lrkq ,nk rdcH jHdmD;s iïnkaOfhka ú.Kkh lrk ,o uQ,H m%ldYhka wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúh ;=< m%o¾Ykh flf¾' ^62 fþoh&

f,dal nexl=j( 2010 cQ,s 1 Èk fyda Bg miq idlÉPd lsÍu i|yd werhqu ksl=;a lrkq ,nk jHdmD;s iïnkaOfhka ú.Kkh lrk ,o uQ,H m%ldYhka m%isoaêhg m;a lrkq ,efí'

wka;¾ wfußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( Tõ rch úiska wem jk ,o fufyhqï i|yd jQ jd¾Isl jHdmD;s ú.Kk jd¾;djka Kh .ekqïlref.a fyda m%;s,dNshdf.a úreoaO;ajhla fkdue;s kï wkdjrKh flfrkq we;'

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20' wNHka;r ú.Kk jd¾;djka wkdjrKh flf¾o@

ke;' tn÷ jd¾;djkays wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=jg wk¾:hla jk mßoafoka ;=kajk md¾Yajhka úiska Ndú;d lsÍug bv we;s" wNHka;r moaO;s ms<sn| ixfõ§ f;dr;=re wvx.= úh yels neúks'

ke;' oekg we;s l%sufõoh mj;ajd .kq we;'

f,dal nexl=j( ke;' wNHka;r ú.Kk m%ldYhka idlÉPduh f;dr;=re f,i ie,flk neúka ck;djg wkdjrKh lsÍug iSud mkjd ;sfí'

wka;¾ wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( ke;'

21' jHdmD;s wëlaIK jd¾;dj" jHdmD;s ld¾hidOkh" jHdmD;s we.ehSu fyda ta iudk ,sheú,s wkdjrKh flf¾o@

Tõ' jHdmD;s wëlaIKh wdY%s; f;dr;=re jHdmD;s f;dr;=re f,aLkh ;=< wkdjrKh flf¾' jHdmD;s iïmQ¾K lsÍfï jd¾;d iy we.ehSï jd¾;d o wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fjí wvúh ;=< wkdjrKh flf¾'

Tõ' j;auka l%ufõoh mj;ajd .kq we;'

f,dal nexl=j iy wka;¾ wfußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( Tõ'

22' î& wOHlaI uKav, /iaùïj, Æyq~q jd¾;d" îi& wOHlaI uKav, lñgq /iaùïj, Æyq~q jd¾;d" iy îii& wOHlaI uKav, lñgqj, jd¾Isl jd¾;d wkdjrKh flf¾o@

î& Tõ' wOHlaI uKav, /iaùïj, Æyq~q jd¾;d wkdjrKh flf¾' îi& ke;' wOHlaI uKav, lñgq /iaùïj, Æyq~q jd¾;d wkdjrKh fkdflf¾' îii& Tõ' wOHlaI uKav, lñgq jd¾Isl jd¾;d wkdjrKh lsÍug tu lñgq ks¾foaY fldg wOHlaI uKav,h wkqu; lrkafka kï" tajd wkdjrKh flf¾'

j;auka ms<sfj; È.gu mj;ajd .kq we;'

f,dal nexl=j iy wka;¾ wfußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( Tõ' wOHlaI uKav, /iaùïj, yd wOHlaI uKav, lñgq /iaùïj, Æyq~q jd¾;d iy wOHlaI uKav, lñgqj, jd¾Isl jd¾;d wkdjrKh lsÍu i|yd f,dal nexl= iy wka;¾ wfußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl= m%;sm;a;s ;=< úêúOdk i,id we;'

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23' mßj¾;kh iemfhao@

mßj¾;k rduqj 2007 § iïu; lr .kq ,eîh' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j wod< jHdmD;s ysñlrejka úiska wjYH hehs is;k mßoafoka f;dard .;a rgj,a iïnkaOfhka jQ foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾.hkao" wdrlaIK øjH we;=¿ mq¿,a mrdihl oekqj;a lsÍfï Wmldrlo cd;sl NdIdjka 25la olajd jQ ixLHdjlg mßj¾;kh lrhs' fuys m%udKh j¾Ihlg jpk ñ,shk 2la ^,laI 20la& muK fõ'

j;auka l%ufõohu mj;ajd f.k hkq we;s w;r" thg wu;rj ishÆu Kh yd m%odk jHdmD;s iy jHdmD;s-mQ¾j ;dlaIKsl iydh jHdmD;s i|yd jQ jHdmD;s o;a; m;% o wod< cd;sl NdIdjkag mßj¾;kh lrkq we;' igyk( wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ mßj¾;k rduqj 2011 j¾Ifha§ iudf,dapkh flfrñka mej;=Ks'

f,dal nexl=j( mßj¾;k rduqj 2003 iïu; lrkq ,enQ w;r" 2006§ iudf,dapkh lrkq ,eîh' f,dal nexl=j mq¿,a mrdihl fufyhqï yd oekqj;a lsÍfï øjH cd;Hka;r NdIdjka 6lg ^wrdì" Ök" m%xY" mD;=.%Sis" reishdkq iy iamd[a[ NdIdjkag& iy b,a,d isákq ,nk wka ljr fyda NdIdjlg mßj¾;kh lrhs' ^fuh j¾Ihlg jpk ñ,shk 30la fyj;a fldaá 3la fõ'& f,dal nexl=j fjdIskagkfha ld¾hd,hla yd l,dmSh NdId flakaøia:dk 6l msysá ld¾hd, iys; uOHu mßj¾;k yd w¾:l:k fiajdjla mj;ajd f.k hhs'

wka;¾ wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j( nexl=fõ ks, NdIdjka jkafka bx.%Sis" iamd[a[" m%xY yd mD;=.%Sis NdIdjka h' fuys jd¾Isl mßj¾;k m%udKh jpk ñ,shk 13la fyj;a fldaá 1'3la muK fõ' tys ishÆu ks, NdIdjkaf.ka wdh;ksl fjí wvú mj;ajd f.k hhs' tys md,kdêldÍ uKav,hg bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk ishÆu ,sheú,s ks, NdIdjka 4kau bÈßm;a lrkq ,efí'

ADB = Asian Development Bank wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j" CPS = country partnership strategy foaYSh yjq,aldr Wmdhud¾.h" DER = Department of External Relations ndysr in|;d ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j" IAP = independent appeals panel iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h" IDB } Inter-American Development Bank wka;¾ wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j" MDB = multilateral development bank nyqmd¾Yaúl ixj¾Ok nexl=j" PCP = Public Communications Policy fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh" PDAC = Public Disclosure Advisory Committee fmdÿ wkdjrK WmfoaYl lñgqj" PID = project information document jHdmD;s f;dr;=re ,sheú,a," PDS = project data sheet jHdmD;s o;a; m;%h" RRP = report and recommendation of the President iNdm;sf.a jd¾;dj yd ks¾foaYh" TA = technical assistance ;dlaIKsl

wdOdr'

uQ,dY%h( wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

Wm.%ka:h 3


57


Wm.%ka:h 4

fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh i|yd jQ m%;sM, rduqj

ks¾udK ie,eiafï idrdxYh o¾Yl iy b,lal wëlaIK iy jd¾;dlrk hdka;%K

n,mEu

ixj¾Ok ld¾hidOl;dj ÈhqKq ùu

m%;sixialrK iy kHdhm;% m%.;s jd¾;d u.ska wëlaIKh flf¾'

ixj¾Ok ld¾hidOl;d iudf,dapk jd¾Isl jd¾;d

m%;sM,h

fldgialrejka ;=< wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<sn| úYajdih;a" ta iuÕ lghq;= lsÍug we;s yelshdj;a lemS fmfkk f,i j¾Okh fõ'

fldgialrejka wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j olsk wdldrh iy wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ újD; nj" j.ùu yd yjq,aldß;ajhka we;s lr .ekSu .ek Tjqka uksk wdldrh ÈhqKq fõ'

u; orkakkaf.a ixcdkk iólaIK ^wjqreÿ 3lg jrla&

fiajd,dNS yd yjq,aldß;aj iólaIK iy fjk;a fldgialdr ;lafiare

wjqreÿ 5lg miqj m%;sm;a;sh mQ¾K f,i iudf,dapkh lsÍu'

wjika M,h

1' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fmdÿ ikaksfõokhka mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ njg m;a ùu'

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ m%uqL uQ,lD;Hhka" jHdmD;s" iy m%;sm;a;s iïnkaO ikaksfõok Wmdhud¾.h ixj¾Okh fldg l%shd;aul lsÍu'm%uqL cd;Hka;r" l,dmSh yd cd;sl udOHj, ks;s olakg ,eìu'f;dr;=re úia;r lsÍug yels yd Ndú;d lsÍug myiq wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= ndysr fjí wvúhla mj;ajd f.k hdu'Wiia ;;a;ajfha m%ldYk ksmoúu iy m%pdrh lsÍu'

fldgialrejkaf.a m¾hdf,dal iólaIK ^wjqreÿ 3lg jrla&

fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;dudOH yd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvú wêlaIK fuj,ï ^WodyrK" fjí wvú jd¾Isl jd¾;dj&

ñ,g .ekSu" fjí wvúfhka ,nd .ekSï" iy m%Odk m%ldYk o¾Ykh lrk .%dlhska ixLHdj mÍlaId lsÍu'

B<. msgqjg

58


2' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fufyhqï ms<sn| f;dr;=re fj; msúisfï wjldY ÈhqKq ùu'

ikaksfõok iy f;dr;=re fnodyod .ekSu wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska wdOdr lrkq ,nk jHdmD;s yd jevigyka ;=<g we;=<;a lsÍu'f;dr;=re i|yd b,a,Sïj,ska 100] lgu jev lrk Èk 10la ;=< ms<s;=re §u'wkdjrK kshuhka 100] lau ms<sme§uwdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúh ;=<g we;=<;a flfrk ,sheú,s j¾Ihla mdid jeä ùu'oekqj;aNdjh kexùfï yd fjk;a ,sheú,sj, Wiia ;;a;ajfha mßj¾;k j¾Okh ùu

fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;df;dr;=re i|yd jQ b,a,Sï msßlaiSfï moaO;sfha o;a; iy fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;duyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrK tallfha wkdjrK wkql+,;d jd¾;djka iy fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;dfmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;d

úfYaI jeo.;alula iksgqyka l< l%shdldrlï

1'1 m%;sm;a;sh i|yd ikaksfõok ie,eiaula ms<sfh< lsÍu

m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jk Èkh jk úg'

ikaksfõok ie,eiau

1'2 Ndú;d lrkakkaf.a wfmalaIKhka yd wjYH;djhka imqrd,k fia wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fjí wvúh wLKavj ÈhqKq lsÍu ^WodyrK( Ndú;d l< yels nj" msúish yels nj&

wLKavj isÿ flfrk mokñks' ndysr Ndú; yelshd mÍlaIK fyda wka;¾cd,h Tiafiau isÿ flfrk Ndú;d lrkakkaf.a iólaIK

2'1 iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h msysgqùu


iajdëk wNshdpkd uKav,h msysgqùu iy m%jD;a;s ksfõok" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= fjí wvúh yd fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;d ;=<ska m%pdrh lsÍu

2'2 m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| ld¾huKav, fufyhqï w;afmd; yd fuj,ï lÜg,h ms<sfh< lsÍu" hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu iy m%p,s; lsÍu


ld¾huKav, fufyhqï w;afmd; iy fuj,ï lÜg,h ksl=;a lsÍu

2'3 m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn|j Kh.ekqïlrejkaf.a yd fiajd,dNSkaf.a oekqj;aNdjh kxjk m;%sld ixj¾Okh fldg m%p,s; lsÍu

m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jk Èkfha isg udi 3la we;=<;'

oekqj;aNdjh kxjk m;%sld ksl=;a lsÍu

Wm.%ka:h 4

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59


2'4 m%;sfYdaOkh lrk ,o fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| ld¾huKav,fha iy wod< fjk;a fldgialrejka i|yd mqyqKq lsßfï iy oekqj;aNdjh kexùfï l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍu

m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jk Èkfha isg wjqreoaola we;=<;

fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;d

2'5 mßj¾;k rduqj hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu

m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jk Èkh jk úg iïmQ¾K lsÍu'

hdj;ald,Sk lrk ,o mßj¾;k rduqj

2'6 wkdjrK kshuhka ms<sme§u ms<sn|j wëlaIKh lsÍu

wLKavj isÿ flfrk mokñks' ^wvq ;rñka jd¾Islj&

uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrK tallfha jd¾;djka iy fmdÿ ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;d wëlaIKh lsÍu'

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j' ixj¾Ok ld¾hidOl;d iudf,dapkh' http://www.adb.org/defr uQ,dY%h( wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j


60

mßj¾;lf.a igyka

jokaj, w¾:h

mQ¾j-l%shdldÍ isÿ ù we;s foh ms<sn|j olajk fyda thg m%;sl%shd olajk wdldrhg fkdj" ‘isÿ úh yels fyda isÿ jkakg we;s foa ms<sn|j f;dr;=re olajk fyda ta fohg .e,fmk fia wkqj¾;kh jQ’ ^proactive&

fldgialrejka mrÿ orkakka" md¾Yajlrejka ^stakeholders&

^fuh fldgia ysñhka’ shareholders hkak flfrka fjka fldg y÷kd .; hq;= h' idudkHfhka hï l%shdj,shlg Rcqj fyda jl%j iïnkaO ishÆu md¾Yajhka fuhska woyia flf¾' WodyrK( idu l%shdj,shla ;=< fldgialrejkag hqO jeÈ md¾Yaj fol" idudkH jeisfhda" idu myiqldrlfhda" idlÉPdlrefjda" hqoaOfhka n,mEug ,la jQ wi,ajeis md¾Yaj wd§ ish,a,kau fldgialrejka h'&

.%dylhd $ m%;s.%dylhd hula ,nkd fyda ,nd .kakd ;eke;a;d" fm%alaIlhd fyda Y%dljlhd âudience $ recipient&

WmfoaYkh } woyia úuiSu ;eke;a;ka .Kkdjlf.ka woyia" fhdackd fyda f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï l%shls' ^consultation& fuh ‘úfYaI{ Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu’ hk w¾:h flfrka fjka lr y÷kd .; hq;= h' ‘iu-wkqYdikh’ fyda iu-WmfoaYkh jYfhkao ye¢kaúh yelsh'

fnodyod .kakjd fuu jpkh fmdÿfõ ;j;a whl=g fyda wdh;khlg o;a;" úia;r" f;dr;=re fyda oekqu mjikjd’" ,nd fokjd’" fjk;a wdldrhlska iïfm%alaIKh lrkjd’ fyda yqjudre lr .kakjd’ hk f;areï i|yd fmdÿ jokla f,i Ndú;d lr we;' ^share&

u; uQ,slhska woyia yev.iajkakka" u;hka m%j¾Okh lrkakka

i¾jck.%dyl $ i¾j.%dyl ieu we;=<;a lr .kakd $ ieug fi; i,ik înclusive&

idudÔh udOH Ndú;d lrkakka úiska W;amdokh lrkq ,nk wka;¾.;hka ks¾udKh lsÍug yd yqjudre lsÍug bv i,ik fjí 2'0 ys ixl,amfõ§h yd ;dlaIKfõ§h mokï u; f.dvk.k wka;¾cd,h mdol lr .;a jHjydrhka ldKavhls ^weKaä%hd lema,dka iy fyhska,hska&' â group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and teachnological foundations of Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content&

m%;spl%SlrKh lrk ,o lvodisj, uqøKh lrk ,§’

fmdÿ

ikaksfõok

m%;sm;a;sh 2011

f;dr;=re wkdjrKh iy yqjudrej


wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ms<sn|j

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ oelau jkafka È<s÷lñka f;dr wdishd iy Ydka;slr l,dmhls’ tys fufyjr

jkafka ish idudðl rgj,g Tjqkaf.a ck;djf.a È<s÷lu my; fy<Sug;a” Ôjk ;;a;ajh Wiia lsÍug;a

WmldÍ ùuhs’ fuu l,dmh fndfyda ch.%yK ,nd ;snqK;a” th ;ju;a f,dalfha È<s÷ ckhdf.ka ;=fkka

follgu ksjyk ù mj;S’ Èklg fvd,¾ 2lg wvq uqo,lska Ôj;a jk ck;dj fldaá 180la fuys fjfik

w;r” ck;dj 90 fldaá 30 ,laIhla Èklg fvd,¾ 1’25lg wvq uqo,lska Ôj;a ùfï igkl fh§ isá;s’

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j i¾j.%dyl wd¾:sl j¾Okh” mdßißl jYfhka ;sridr jQ j¾Okh” iy

l,dmSh jYfhka taldnoaO ùu yryd È<s÷lu wvq lsÍug wemlem ù isà’ th ueks,d kqjr flakaøia:dkh

fldg f.k we;s w;r” idudðl rgj,a 67la tys ysñldß;ajh or;s’ bka 48la l,dmh ;=<u msysgd we;s

tajd h’ tys ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rdcHkag Wmldr lsÍfï Wml%u jkafka m%;sm;a;s ixjdo”

Khuqo,a” jHdmdr jia;=j, wdfhdackh” wemlr” m%odkhka” iy ;dlaIKsl iydh hk fïjd h’

ms,smSkfhaoS uqøKh lrK ,§

Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City1550 Metro Manila, Philippines ISBN 978-92-9092-780-8m%ldYk j¾. wxlh( RPT124858