feasibilty wasser project

8/9/2019 Feasibilty WASSER Project

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KALMUNAI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

The WASSER-Project:

Water and Sanitation for Settlements in Eastern Sri Lanka

- An Asia Pro Eco IIB Project -

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY STTECHNICAL FEASIBILITY STTECHNICAL FEASIBILITY STTECHNICAL FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THEUDY OF THEUDY OF THEUDY OF THE

SANITATION CONDITION IMPROVEMENT ATSANITATION CONDITION IMPROVEMENT ATSANITATION CONDITION IMPROVEMENT ATSANITATION CONDITION IMPROVEMENT AT

SAINTHAMARUTHU COASTAL LAGOON ARSAINTHAMARUTHU COASTAL LAGOON ARSAINTHAMARUTHU COASTAL LAGOON ARSAINTHAMARUTHU COASTAL LAGOON AREAEAEAEA

Prepared By:

ENG.A.J.A.H.JOWSI

PROJECT MANAGER

(Municipal Engineer)


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CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction1.1 Project Background1.2 Objective of the Project1.3 Project area and Beneficiaries

2.0 Evaluation of existing sanitation condition1.1 Conventional pit system1.2 Ground water pollution1.3 Fecal sludge management

2.0 Details of the Proposed Design2.1 Overview of the system design2.2 Improvement of house hold septic system2.3 Sewage Treatment plant.2.4 Proposed work plan2.5 Estimates

Annexes

Annex-1, Bill of QuantitiesAnnex-2,Technical literature of the treatment plant.Annex-3,Drawings


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1.0Introduction-

1.1 Project Background

Kalmunai has been irregularly populated as it lies at a stretch of land which bordered bythe Sea and Marshy land.

The above picture shows the southern are of Kalmunai is almost occupied by the

buildings.

Even though there exists a water supply network in the Kalmunai municipality, still

more than 50% of the people use shallow wells to drink water. So the ground water

contamination has to be immediately addressed.

There are two main natural resources to be conserved.

1. Ground water2. Surface water

Ground water is mainly polluted by the open dumping by the Cess pits. To introduceat least the septic tank system Kalmunai has to have a treatment facility for the gully

sucker loads.


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WASSER is undoubtedly a timely assistance to Kalmunai because it comes at the

critical point of water pollution.

Another project funded by EU, is EU/Ampara partnership which has a projectEnvironmental remediation Program (ERP).The ERP has mainly Solid Waste

Management. Under this open water bodies which are dumped by the garbage arecleaned.

Capacity of the Municipal technical staff also at the time of post tsunami intervention waspoor. So the WASSER was expected to build the staff capacities.

1.2 Objectives of the project

-reduce the fecal contamination of ground water in the selected project area

-improve the well functioning of the onsite septic tank /single pit systems during rainyseasons by gully sucking and treating sludge at the treatment plant.

-Increase the awareness of the local authority staff, councilors CBOs and the project areaof concern.

1.3. Project area and Beneficiaries

Based on water pollution and population density Grama Niladhari Divisions of

7,8,9,11&14,17 of Sainthamaruthu Divisinal Seceretary Division.

Most of the coastal lagoon area community are poor and middle class who were badly

affected by Tsunami. There are small self-help groups set up by aid agencies such asCDC (Community Development Council) organized by UN-Habitat under its post

Tsunami home owner driven housing schemes


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2.0Evaluation of existing sanitation condition

2.1 Conventional pit system

A.Ground water connection and pollution

This toilet has the direct connection to ground water at the bottom. So theseasonal changes in the ground water level affects the function of this toilet.

Case-1, During the dry season

Ground water table goes under the bottom of the soakage pit. This is the season thepollution to ground water is less and the toilet function with out any problem.

From feb/March- September/October.

Case-2,During the rainy season

If the high ground water level is greater than the invert pipe outlet at pit. The entiresystem malfunctions and due to back flow of water bad smell emitted at squatting

fan. This situation is even worse for the toilet pits which were built under the house

as it is difficult to gully suck.

B) Structural failure of brick wall of aged toilet pits ,reduction of volume and odor

problems.

Due to the pressure of ground water and soil and penetration of roots of trees and

plants brick wall get cracked.

Due to the surcharge load on the soil above and cyclic movement of ground water

these cracks open up and sand seep through and accumulated at the bottom of pit..

This results the reduction of volume of the pit.

When the toilet get aged (>8-10 years) and due to the non availability of sewage

treatment plant sludge accumulates at the bottom and the pit is functioning with 70-60 % of its effective volume.

At the occurrence of flooding this aged pits are malfunctioning due back flow ofwaste water. In addition to that malodorous gases leak through the cracks and make

unpleasant environment .


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2.2 Ground water pollution

Around 10000 toilets at Sainthamaruthu area and another projected 1000-2000 in

near future all together 12000 toilets continuous to discharge fecal coli forms. At the

end it will contaminate ground water.

So the Kalmunai Municipal Council should envision a 5-10 years environmentalremediation program to conserve its ground water resource.

Picture below shows the ground water testing done by M.Nawas, Lecturer The SouthEast University Srilanka, It is noted that due to the coast lagoon functioning as the

source of ground water recharge; more pollution of fecal contamination observed at

the surrounding of lagoon

A (Groundwater quality) case study at Sainthamaruthu

26 wells were monitored for around one year (2004/2005 AD)

1. Top left corner (diagonal) Nitrate contamination was noted high

Only 4 wells, above recommended value (maximum up around 72 mg L-1

, NO3-)

2. Right corner (pink crescent shape) Salinity (in terms ofElectrical Conductivity)was noted high during dry season

Water samples from 9 10 wells, showed higher EC Values than 2000 micro

Siemens/cm (maximum, up to 3,600 micro Siemens/cm)

3. Bottom, middle (blue, oval) E. coli was noted high.

Highest value: - 260 CFU Lowest value: - 10 CFU


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2.3 Sludge management.

At present Kalmunai Municipal Council is dumping the sewage collected at Tsunami IDP

camps ,commercial entities and houses at a deserted land. Need of proper sewage

disposal has been greatly realized after the Tsunami disaster.IDP camps were constructed

with common toilets and septic tanks. These septic tanks filled very quickly and gullysucked with the help of NGOs. In 2007 two gully suckers were donated by NGOs and

Municipal council is utilizing it.

Another factor is also important as the dumping ground is about 20KM away from KMC,

the service charge levied from the houses is comparatively high(.Rs.2000/- for Samurdireceipients and 3000 for others. Normal range is 500-1000). If a treatment facility

constructed in the vicinity of Municipality the service charge can be reduced and house

hold coverage can be increased.

In some areas ,the width of the street is very narrow, A mini-tractor arrangement will be a

good solution for these areas


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3.0 Details of the Proposed Design

3.1 Overview of the system design

The pre-feasibility report suggested about various options with the view ofreducing the pollution by waste water disposal. Municipal council has decided togo for consultancy to find an appropriate solution.

The consultant advised for onsite improvement by augmenting bio-cell ( plasticseptic tank cum bio media) to existing system and a mechanized sludgetreatment facility called Zero sludge treatment plant ( A sequence batch reactortype).Later the plastic bio cell option was reviewed and concrete pre-castcylinders option was decided based on cost/social aspects. Mini tractor gullysucker is to be purchased to put in service for areas with narrow streets.

The technical literature of the treatment facility is given in Annex- 2 .(A report ofthe consultant)

3.2 Improvement of House hold septic system

As shown in the picture below, the direct connection to existing pit is bypassed through

two vertical precast concrete cylinders which are to function as septic tank and bio filter

that are to be gully sucked after 1-1.5 years.


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3.3Sewage Treatment plant.

This treatment plant is capable of treating 40 cubic meters of sewage , it is to be operated

by 3-phase current.


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3.4Estimates ( BOQ for the construction work is given in Annex)

Discription Unit Unit price Amount

1 Consrtuction of

Treatement plant( refer

BOQ)

1 2,166,639.30 2,166,639.30

2 Precast cylinders with lid 400 3,250.00 1,300,000.00

3 Installation of septic Tank

(Refer BOQ)

200 17,500.00 3,500,000.00

3 Minitractor gully sucker 1 350,000 350,000.00

4 Aerators and pumps 3 70,000 210,000.00

Total cost

7,316,639.30

3.5Work plan ( Find the excel file) draft workplan for swp.xls


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4.0Annexes-

Annexes-1, (tender treatment plant\priced BOQ.xls) and septic tank installation

Estimate.xls

Annex-2 Treatment plant.doc

Annex-3 KALMUNI FINAL DRAWING.dwg

feasibilty wasser project

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