PLACEBO EFFECT

Fig.1 placebo real11The Placebo EffectRefers to an improvement in symptoms as a result of medical treatment with an inactive substance or staged medical procedure.patient recovers without genuine medical interventionattributed to belief in the effectiveness of treatment belief mediates healing of symptoms cases reported since the early 20th century

2During World War II, a nurse told a wounded soldier he was getting a strong shot of morphine, when in actual fact the morphine supply was running low and all the soldier got was a syringe full of salt water. The soldiers belief that he was receiving the painkiller was enough to relieve his distress and prevent shock from setting in. And so began the phenomenon known as the Placebo effect.

Fig.2 real obsession 33Rochelle MadridEnglish 1010 Steven HallHow the placebo effect works?44STEPS 1Pain 2Brain 3Decision 55studies being done6 67

Research on Other DiseasesDepression is an area of major interest:recent increase in use of antidepressantscritics claim that the $9.6 billion industry is making profit on pills no more effective than placebosDo you think doctors today overprescribe medication?

8Irving Kirsch 9These are the studies that show no benefit of the antidepressant over the placebo. What they did was they took more successful studies they published most of them and they took their unsuccessful studies, and they didnt publish that. If they were mildly or moderately depressed, you dont see a difference at all. The only place where you get a clinically meaningful difference is at these very extreme levels of depression, Irving Kirsch a Harvard Medical School professor.The surgeon simulated surgery by anesthetizing patients and making incisions.No knee surgery was performed.Patients were informed of staged operations two years later.

10Inert pills, drugs, or injections Sham surgeries Inactive medical devices Effective/non-effective acupuncture

Examples of Placebos

1111Pros/ Cons 12 12Mind over matter.A person's positive attitude may be important in recovery from illness. chronic pain The patient, in order to please the doctor, might report benefit when no benefit has occurred. In other words, the "politeness effect."13The body has powerful, natural recuperative abilities and a placebo could help facilitate this.

CON1. With chronic pain conditions or mood disorders, patients may show spontaneous improvement13VIDEO

14Overall, after all the studies that has been done theirs is still the question if the placebo effect has more to do with psychology understanding. But what I have found is that the placebo effect is mainly cause through the mentality of the person.15SourcesKaptchuk TJ, Friedlander E, Kelley JM, Sanchez MN, Kokkotou E, et al. Placebos without Deception: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Web. 22 Dec., .2010. Kong, Jian, et al. "Are All Placebo Effects Equal? Placebo Pills, Sham Acupuncture, Cue Conditioning And Their Association." Plos ONE 8.7 (2013): 1-9. Academic Search Premier. Web. 16 Dec. 2013.Foot, Doug, and Damien Ridge. "Constructing The Placebo Effect In The Placebo Wars: What Is The Way Ahead?." Health Sociology Review 21.3 (2012): 355-368. Academic Search Premier. Web. 16 Dec. 2013.

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