Materials and PreparationsFibre Spinning Procedure The solution was kept in vaccum oven

overnight at 80 degrees to remove any air bubbles present.

The solution was spun at 50-60 degrees after removing from the oven at 200rpm using voltage regulator.

23G BD 60ml plastic needle with diameter 340um was used to spin the fibres.

The fibres were kept in water for two days to remove ionic liquid and were dried for another two days before running the mechanical testing.

Fibre Compositions Ionic Liquid

Cellulose

Cellulose Nano crystals

Equipment used Syringe pump.

BD plastic syringe, syringe needle.

Vacuum oven.

Water bath.

Winding machine.

ECN Suspension CNC Suspension

Fibre spinning unit

The above SEM images shows the pulled cross-section of the ECN-reinforced fibres where there appear to be clumped CNCs enveloped by polymer and the CNCs sticking out of the surface here.

SEM Images for the Carbonised ECN dispersed Cellulose fibres

SEM Images for the ECN dispersed Cellulose fibres

Sample no.

P2DP 890

P2CNC

P2ECN

1 0.86 0.81 0.812 0.83 0.84 0.813 0.83 0.8 0.814 0.88 0.8 0.81

average 0.85 0.8125 0.81SD 0.02 0.02 0

Wide Angle X-Ray Diffraction

Orientation Factor P2 Average = 0.85 and 0.81 indicates the high alignment in Cellulose

Fibres.

0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.050.00E+00

1.00E+02

2.00E+02

3.00E+02

4.00E+02

5.00E+02

6.00E+02 CNC reinforced Cellulose Fibres (Un-carbonised

DP 890cnc_dp890ecn_cnc_dp890ecn_dp890

Strain (mm/mm)

Stre

ngth

(MPa

)

Fibres TypeYoung's

Modulus (Gpa)Tensile

Strength (Mpa)

dp890 17.6 (±1.2) 276.2 (±10.7)

Ecn_dp890 4.2 (±0.4) 59.7 (±7.7)

cnc_dp890 29.88 (±2.6) 398 (±49.5)

ecn_cnc_dp890 35.82 (±3.5) 471.6 (±55.2)

Progress in Mechanical Properties