final manual oct 2012 (2)

Revit Architecture 2011- Course Manual

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Preface

The first edition

Sthal a group that carries works in the field of architecture. The main objective of this common learning is to work in

the field of architecture here in Nepal. We at Sthal hope to share an opportunity for teaching-learning and working.

Our current scope of work is:

Tuition on different architecture-related software

Architecture Research works and study

It is indeed a proud moment for us to be able to write this Revit Architecture-2011manual for the students. Being a

vast course in itself, this manual would hold only introduction, basic information, and working procedure. This

manual works in parallel with the Revit course that we undertake, so it is necessary to appreciate that the manual by

itself could not replace class learning. To the best, we have tried to include our original concept of teaching into the

manual as well and referred to some international publications

Being the first written work from us in this field, there might have been some errors from our side. We hope they will

be fixed in the upcoming revised editions. We expect feedbacks from our valued readers/students. Every image used

in this manual is from to the author unless mentioned.

Regards

Rajesh Neupane and Subik Shrestha

October 2012

For Sthal

Please support local publications


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 REVIT THEORY 6

1.1 Introduction 6

1.2 Advantages 6

2 BEGINNING, THE INTERFACE AND THE WORKFLOW 7

2.2 The essential categorization of Revit elements 12

3 LINES, COMMANDS AND EDITING TOOLS 14

3.1 Important command list/Modify tools 14

4 LEVELS AND GRIDS 17

4.1 LEVELS 17

4.2 GRIDS 18

5 WALLS 19

5.1 Working with graphics options 21

6 MANAGING VIEWS 23

6.1 Visibility Graphics 23

6.2 Duplicating Views 24

6.3 User Interface 25

6.4 Transferring Project Standards 25

6.5 Object Styles 25

7 OPENINGS/COMPONENTS 26

7.1 OPENINGS 26

8 FLOORS 29

8.1 Making a simple floor 29

8.2 Modify floors 29

8.3 Making one way slopped floor 31

9 STRUCTURES 32


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9.1 Structural Columns 32

9.2 Structural Framing 33

9.3 Structural Beams 33

9.4 Structural Beam System 33

9.5 Structural Braces 34

9.6 Foundation System 34

10 CEILINGS AND ROOFS 36

10.1 Ceiling 36

10.2 Roofs 36

11 SPECIAL WALLS 43

11.1 Curtain Walls 43

11.2 Stacked walls 47

11.3 Vertically Compound walls 48

11.4 Creating Custom In-Place Walls 50

12 CIRCULATION 51

12.1 Staircase 51

12.2 Ramps 57

12.3 Railings 58

13 SITE AND TOPOGRAPHY 61

14 ANNOTATIONS 65

14.1 Dimensioning 65

14.2 Region 68

14.3 Components 68

14.4 Revision cloud 68

14.5 Detail Group 68

14.6 Text 68

14.7 Tags 69

15 SCHEDULING AND QUANTITIES 70


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15.1 Schedule types 70

15.2 Creating a Door Schedule 71

16 ROOM AND AREA 75

16.1 Room 75

16.2 Area/Area Plan 76

17 GRAPHICS AND PRESENTATION 77

17.1 Camera 77

17.2 Renderings 80

17.3 Walkthrough 81

18 SHEETS 84

18.1 Working with sheets 84

18.2 Title block 85

18.3 Printing 86

19 MASSING 88

19.1 Basic concept of massing (Solid forms) 88

19.2 Types of forms 88

19.3 Adding floors, roofs and walls 94

20 FAMILY 97

21 EXPORT, IMPORT AND LINK 101

22 DESIGN OPTIONS AND PHASING 105

22.1 Design options 105

22.2 Phasing 107


5

INTRODUCTORY SECTION


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1 REVIT THEORY

1.1 Introduction Revit is architectural design software. It stands for Revise InsTantly.

It has the following distinct features that make it different from other software-

1. BIM-Building Information Modeling

2. Bi-Directional Association

3. Parametric Relation

1.1.1 BIM concept

Revit is Building-Information-Modeling based software. Its basis is an overall building design process. It gives the user an environment

where one needs to add information about the building project which is represented in the form of a 3d-Model. The main idea

is to represent through lines but mainly through the parameters so that storage of information is possible. So this makes editing

and customizing an easy job.

However it makes faking or presenting wrong documentation impossible. Like in auto cad for example, over-riding a dimension is

not possible.

1.1.2 Bi-Directional Association

It is the intelligent data cycling property exclusively possessed by Revit through which any changes made in any view in the model

co-ordinates with one another. Generally, it is the change reflected in Schedules, Plans, Elevations, 3ds and sections all at once if

change is made in any one of them.This important property helps the user to save time that is wasted for making the small

changes during design phase and drafting.

1.1.3 Parametric Relations

It is the relationship between elements in the model. The intelligent data that Revit possesses enables it to automatically adjust

changes with one element to another.

For E.g. - If a wall containing a door and window is moved, both the door and the window moves along with it because Revit

automatically understands that the openings cannot stand on itself without any host, i.e. the wall in this case.

1.2 Advantages These features have made Revit user friendly

The actual design process is easy to follow

Access to real time 3d models

All in one complete architectural interface that includes drafting, designing, visualization, presentation, scheduling, etc

Can be linked or exported to other software

Support for unusual geometry


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2 BEGINNING, THE INTERFACE AND THE WORKFLOW

2.1.1 The first window

2.1.2 The R- (Application Menu)

It is the large button at the top left corner of the Revit Window. It can be

dropped down for many purposes as necessary.

2.1.3 Starting a new project

The first question

Always select a new project which is a *.rvt file. (others like

Family, Conceptual Mass, ….. will be dealt with later on)

Do browse for the new template file. A template file is a *.rte

file that determines different parameters in which you will work


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later on. Choosing a default or a residential template is a wise idea for beginners.

After this, your window under the selected template opens.


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2.1.4 Quick access toolbar and Info center

2.1.5 The Ribbon

It is the main bar on top of the Revit Window consisting of every element that are used to create the model, or say to simply start

the work. It consists of tabs and buttons.

Contextual Tabs

Tabs are those that consist of the categories under which the buttons are located. Home, Insert, Annotate, Structure,

Massing and Site, Collaborate, View and Manage are the tabs that are present on the ribbon. The sign is used to

hide/show the full length of the ribbon and to increase the working area.

Buttons

The buttons are the main keys which defines the various tools used in Revit. As shown in the figure, Wall, Door, Window,

Component, etc are the buttons.

It is of three types

Type I- Normal

Type II- With drop down

Type III- With splits

2.1.6 The Project Browser

It is the sub-window on the left portion of the screen which is used to navigate every view and other quantities. Its content is the

same but the sub contents however depend on the type of project template that is loaded. Through the project browser it is

possible to go to different views like floor plans, elevations, sections, 3ds and others that we make during the design stage.


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Project browsers for the default template and the residential template respectively

We can also rename every sub-item of the project browser like First floor, East Elevation, etc by right clicking and then rename.

As this window appears, select “Yes” to also change the names in other views. For example, if you rename a floor plan, and click

on yes, your name automatically changes on the floor Level name on elevation or section view as well.

2.1.7 The Status Bar

It gives your status on what you are doing and also gives you tips.

2.1.8 The View control Bar

Scale-changes scale of the project. Manage it properly and maintain

it of the scale in which you want to print the project later on.

Detail Level


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Use Fine to be able to see the hatches and other details whereas coarse for draft view.

Visual styles

Wireframes in plans could be used to trace plans; Hidden in 3d for un shaded views. Similarly others can be used for their

intended purposes.

Sun Path, Shadows, crop views, show crop views, Temporary Hide/isolate and reveal Hidden will be discussed later on as the

manual progresses.

2.1.9 View Windows

2.1.9.1 The User Interface Button

RibbonView tabUser Interface

It is used whenever you want to enable or disable any of the bars listed

above.

Switch windows- to go into the desired view

Close Hidden- To close all other views which are opened in the

background but isn’t required.

Replicate- To make a copy of the current view

Cascade-To adjust all opened view in order, according to the name of

the view.

Tile- To adjust all opened views in a single Revit window.

With this the basic introduction phase is complete. The user will be

ready to start a design once this is being properly learned.


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2.2 The essential categorization of Revit elements Category- It is the head of the tree which can be understood as a head or element of the building. For e.g. Windows or doors,

Floors. To understand it simply, it is allocated as buttons in the Home tab of the ribbon.

Family- It can be of different types that come under a single family. If window is a category, then window with vent or an oval

window falls under family.

Type- As its name says, it is the different type of family that Revit possesses, like say a 4’-6” X 3’-0” window.

Instance – Every individual count of the particular type of element in Revit is taken as an instance. Say 2 instances of 7’-0” X 3’-

6” doors and 5 instances of 7’-3” X 4’-0” doors.


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MODELLING


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3 LINES, COMMANDS AND EDITING TOOLS What are the ways to start a design in Revit?

Sketching

Building Models directly

Importing Auto Cad files

Massing for conceptual visualizations

For now, let us discuss sketching. In Revit sketching refers to drawing lines so as to start our design. It is two dimensional and are

called “Model Lines”

HomeModel Tab Model Lines

Through model lines, many different geometric shapes can be drawn like

straight lines, curves, rectangles, polygons, circles, etc. Also, you can change

the line styles to different other types like center lines, hidden lines, wide

lines, etc

To know about any line types, just place the cursor on it(without clicking)

and it will give you hints with related images.

For every line, there will be some parameters on the options bar. This is a typical example.

Placement plane is the level in which the line will be placed.

Check chain so that continuous poly line could be drawn.

Give offset distance as required

Radius is the radius of the arc which would join two lines. Refer image

Things to remember

While making a line with 2 or more edges, press TAB to select all the

lines that was made in chain.

Revit understands every line as single line whatever the shape may be.

Clicking on any line will give you temporary dimensions. Click on ll

symbol near the dimension line to make it permanent.

Pick lines is an advantageous option through which we can draw

another walls, take reference for offsets, etc.

3.1 Important command list/Modify tools Revit does not have command bars and all the commands are two letter. They get activated without hitting enter or space bar.

Mv- move

Co- copy

Al-align

Use to align any object on the required plane.

Select the target line or plane and then select the plane of the object


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Tr-trim

Used to connect to edges at right angles

Ma- Match properties

Re-resize/scale

Used to change the scale of the object in both axes at once.

In graphical, first select the base point, then end point of source then the

target end point

In Numerical, give the scale in numbers directly.

Pn/Up-pin/unpin

To attach such objects those never move during the entire process, like grids.

Mm/Dm –mirror (pick mirror line/draw mirror line)

Of- offset

Ro- rotate

Consists of a pivot which can be moved to desired location

First draw the reference axis and then rotate in required angle.

Ar-array

Used to arrange and repeat the elements at certain interval.

It is of two types- Linear and Radial.

Try clicking on both buttons to toggle between linear and radial array.

Linear array

In this type, elements are arranged in a line.

Check Group and Associate so that all the objects in

the array unify and to be able to change the number

of array repetitions.

Check on constraints so that the lines move in

perfect X-axis or Y-axis.

Figure 1Rotate

Figure 2Linear array


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Radial Array

Used to arrange objects in a circular path.

Also, the require angle can be given directly.

Sl- split- To break the elements like walls into two or more different parts.

Space bar- Use the space bar to flip the elements like doors, walls.

Figure 3Radial array


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4 LEVELS AND GRIDS

4.1 LEVELS

Levels are the dotted lines seen in the elevations or sections that define the various floors or vertical changes in distance.

HomeDatumLevels

4.1.1 Basic parameters that you can change in Levels

Level Name(which is Floor name as well)

Height

Symbol at ends

2d/3d

Add Elbow

4.1.2 Other methods to create levels

Offset from previous levels through pick lines

Create similar (command- cs)

Note that the side from which you start to draw the level will be the

End1.

Try looking for other Type properties.


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4.2 GRIDS They are the vertical and horizontal line which is referred by the structural members. Grids can be placed in Plans, elevations or

sections and are two dimensional

HomeDatumGrids

The concept of grids in Revit is to make lines in which columns and beams can be placed easily. It is known that columns lie at

the intersecting points of grids and other structural members also follow. So, the similar idea is followed here. Not only the

structural members but walls for example may also refer to grids during design.

While creating grids it is wise to name them correctly as shown right from the beginning.

Revit automatically names the proceeding grids as 2, 3, 4……, if the first one is named 1. It also follows English

alphabets.

Like levels, they can be made in different alternative ways.

Grids should never be mistakenly moved at any time in design. So to attach/fix it use the pin/unpin command (pn/up).

To select all instances of grids at once, the command is sa-select all(instances)

Try using different properties in Edit type.


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5 WALLS In Revit, all the elements on the building model are parameter based. A parameter based entity is one which requires information

from the user. Walls also have such parameters which require information so that it could be directly converted into a 3d-model

as desired.

Home Walls

Walls, like lines can be made of different shapes.

If you check the options bar, you can get change different values

Unconnected height- to give height of the wall. Unconnected refers to the one whose top will not be linked with any

level.

Also the wall which you draw manually or through pick line must have a reference. You can choose the various location

lines (in the options bar).

Revit, by default gives a range of walls which can be modified. Any wall initially present needs to be modified at first so as to use

into the project. The major parameters that we need to change are usually: thickness, structural details, appearances, etc. These are

modified by changing its type properties.

Select wall and always check these properties before proceeding

Base constraint

Top constraint

Always first: Select a generic wallEdit typeDuplicate


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After this, edit its structure.

A simple wall consists of the following things to edit in structure.

Structure (core boundary)-Masonry brick walls, concrete walls

Substrate- e.g. Plaster

Membrane- zero thickness layer- e.g. Mesh wire, Damp proof layer

coating

Thermal/Air layer- e.g. insulation

Finish (1) - Exterior

Finish (2) – Interior

Toggle between thick lines and thin lines- command- tl

Figure 4 A cavity wall


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5.1 Working with graphics options Revit has a wide range of materials and maps to use for walls, floor finishes, site, etc. It can be approached via

Edit typeedit assembly edit structurematerials

Materials can be searched for in the box provided accordingly as required. On the right side, it has many tabs namely:

5.1.1 The graphics tab

Through this we can control

Type of material(Always duplicate the existing material before making a custom material)

Color appearance of the material

Surface pattern- the drop down arrow can be used to select a range of patterns (hatches) as required

Cut pattern- the drop down arrow can be used to select a range of patterns (hatches) as required


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5.1.2 Render appearance tab

It is used if we use images to denote the materials in elements like walls, roofs, etc.

Color of the image

Glossiness

Reflectivity

Transparency

5.1.3 Edit profile

Select a wall

On the ribbon, click edit profile

Use this feature to change the shape of the wall, to make holes as required


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6 MANAGING VIEWS By now, we have known the work flow and bi-directional associativity of Revit. Apart from modeling, there are lots of

works left in Revit; we have to manage views and display setting for creating properly managed drawings. Following

sub-topics are covered under managing views.

4. Visibility Graphics

5. Duplicating views

6. User Interface

7. Transferring project standards

8. Object style

6.1 Visibility Graphics

Visibility graphic controls how the objects are displayed. Visual graphic is applicable only in the current view. It

controls the line display, cut pattern, surface pattern, line weightage; color etc. when we import AutoCAD Files, the

properties of AutoCAD layers can also be altered from visual graphics.

Working process

Type VG

Visual Graphics screen displays.

The first button contains all the model categories such as, doors, columns, windows, walls etc.

The second button contains annotation categories such as dimensions.

The third button contains imported categories such as cad files and Revit files.

The fourth button is used to filter different properties within visual graphics.

Projection/surface

This button controls how the surface pattern is displayed; it is mostly used in elevations where almost everything

displayed is surface pattern. (Even in plan, we see the surface of different furniture and parapet walls)

Line: line controls the line of that surface; it controls the line weightages, line pattern and color of the line.

Pattern: Pattern controls the hatch pattern of the surface.

Cut: This button controls how the cut pattern is displayed; it is mostly used in plans and sections where there is cut

portion.

Halftone: This button is used to display different categories in halftone.

Transparent: this button is used to make certain categories transparent,, such as interior walls etc.


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Detail levels: Generally, we control the detail level from view but we can also assign particular detail level to certain

categories from vg.

6.2 Duplicating Views

Duplicating view is a way of creating duplicate of the view and modifying accordingly. For example you may want to

display the floor plans in two or more different ways, first view as a working drawing, second view as the Furniture

layout, third with the finish materials and fourth view showing private, public and semipublic spaces. For this we have

to create duplicate view of the floor plan. Point to remember is that change made in visual styles such as color,

shadow, area plan etc are associated only with that view but if we change the properties of material such as floor

material, position of doors, windows and components etc. are updated in whole model.

The objective of the following procedure is to create a furniture plan of Level 1, then turn off the furniture on the

original Level 1.

1. In the Project Browser, find Level 1 and right-click.

2. Select Duplicate View ➢ Duplicate with Detailing, as shown in Figure.

3. You now have a view called Copy of Level 1. Right-click on it, Rename it to Level 1 Furniture Plan.

4. Make sure you are still in Level 1. In the Level 1 view window, type VG. This will bring up the Visibility

Graphics window.


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5. In the Visibility Graphics section, deselect Casework, Furniture, and Furniture Systems.

6. Click OK.

Now, any time you add furniture or casework, it will only show up in the furniture plan. You do not need to deal with

a layer or display configuration. The ability to create a copy of a view and then modify its visibility graphics to display

certain items is a critical function that exists within Revit. Another similar task is also available: the ability to create

coordinated match line divisions in a model by creating dependent views.

6.3 User Interface

This button is very essential for beginners as it helps to manipulate the interface screen. For turning on/off the

different bars such as navigation bar, properties bar, project browser etc., Project browser is used.

Go to view button User Interface

6.4 Transferring Project Standards

This is a very important step if you already have completed one Revit project and working on your second project. Creating wall types, furniture’s and doors can be a very tedious job if you have to do it in every new project. You can export all the wall types, families, from your current project to your next project. For this do the following:

1. On the Revit Home button, go to new ➢ Project.

2. In the New Project dialog, click OK to start a new project using the default template. 3. On the View tab, Click Switch Windows to get back to your previous project. 4. On the Manage tab, click Transfer Project Standards in the Project Settings panel. 5. In the Select Items to Copy dialog (see the following graphic), click the Check None button. 6. Click walls, Component and windows Types. 7. Click OK. 8. Don’t override the existing types.

6.5 Object Styles

Object Style is used for drafting purpose, i.e. adjusting line weightage, line colour , cut pattern, surface pattern etc. . You already know how to adjust line weightage in the current view from VG. Object style is used to adjust properties all over your project. This is reflected in all your views, elevations and even in 3d.

On the Project Settings panel of the Manage tab, click Settings ➢ Object Styles, as shown in Figure. You will see a list

of every object category available in Revit. The first items we want to change are the walls. In the category column, scroll down until you see walls, as shown in Figure. Now adjust the corresponding values.


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7 OPENINGS/COMPONENTS

7.1 OPENINGS

Doors and Windows are the

openings provided in Revit. For

starting, these openings are only

exported from the library and used

in the project. Then some

properties are changed. But if they

are to be modified, we need to edit

or make new family which is to be

studied later on.

They can only be placed on presence of hosts like walls and not anywhere outside. The

scope of this chapter on openings lies on changing the fundamental parameters.

7.1.1 Doors

Loading a door

Home Doors

On the ribbon, click the load family button which takes you to a window with different

doors family that is pre made by Revit. For now to learn, use some of these.

Edit property

The important instance properties for doors that need to be changed are

Sill height

Head height

Edit type is done to make following general changes

Door and frame material

Dimensions of frame

Dimensions of the shutter

Other general things that you can do

Space bar flips the doors automatically

To align the doors to the wall, press al and then the wall and then

the door.

Load Family


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Revit family has pre made “family” which can be added in

the project directly.

It can be done in two ways

General

Insert tab load family

Specific

Go to a family (e.g. Doors) RibbonLoad

family(do this before using it anywhere in the project)

Then select the appropriate family in which the

families have been saved.

7.1.2 Windows

It is similar like doors and is also loaded as family. The properties can be changed following the same process


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7.1.3 Components

Components drop downPlace a componentLoad family

The properties can be changed

Every pre made component has different types. They can be changed from the type selector.


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8 FLOORS Floors are created in Revit through sketch mode. Sketch mode is an exclusive feature in Revit through which many building

elements like floors, roofs, staircases, railings, etc are made. They are made through the drawing modes similar to any mode lines.

However, to complete any sketch, the figure must be complete/closed and the lines should not overlap at any point. That ’s how a

sketch is completed and so will be the elements.

Floors are made on the outer finish of walls. They divide the building vertically. After making any floor, it should be joined with

members like walls. Like walls, floors also have edit assembly on its Edit properties button. Floor finishes, substrate layers, etc

cane be placed on them as well.

8.1 Making a simple floor Home Floors

Draw sketch. The ways to complete any sketch

are

Drawing them

Pick lines

Pick walls to make a boundary within

which the floor comes

Complete sketch

8.2 Modify floors

8.2.1 Shape editing

This option is available if any completed floor is selected.

We can see them on the ribbon. It is used to

Modify sub elements

Add points

Add split line

Pick support


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8.2.2 Modifying sub elements (Changing the elevation of any

point)

Select floor

Ribbon Modify sub elements

Click on the required vertex. Change the elevation by directly

clicking on it and typing the new elevation or by typing it on the options bar.

8.2.3 Add points

To add further points on the floor and modify these sub elements

8.2.4 Add split line

It is to add a separating line which can be used to make a two way slope

in general.

8.2.5 Pick supports

It is used to select the structural member (e.g. beam) which supports

the floor

8.2.6 Reset shape

It is used to go back to the previous stage when none of the sub

elements of that particular floor was being modified


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8.3 Making one way slopped floor For any floor with gentle slope, these things in structure are concerned: It

contains three layers: the structure/slab, the substrate/screed, the finish

The only thing that will cope with the changing elevation is the

substrate, because the thickness of the slab and the finish is always

constant and is not practical to vary them. So, the thickness of only the

substrate can be varied.

Then, completer these steps in Revit

o Complete the floor.

o Modify the elevations of the vertices as required

o Edit type Edit the structure(For now, make the

same changes as that for the simple floor above)

o Check the “variable” parameter of the substrate.

o Finish floor


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9 STRUCTURES One of the key features of Revit architecture is integration of

structure elements within Revit model, which can be used by

structure engineers for structural analysis.

Structure modeling begins with the placement of grids. Grids

have already been discussed in previous chapter which you will

find easy to use.

9.1 Structural Columns

After placing structural grids, next structural element that comes is structural columns. There are two types of

columns in Revit architecture, Structural columns and architectural columns. Structural columns are those columns

which carry load and are used for structural analysis whereas architectural columns are purely for decorative purpose,

hence they do not join with structural elements such as beams, braces, and isolated foundation. Hence before placing

any columns, user should be sure about the type of column they want to use.

Process of adding structural columns:

On the Home tab- build panel, click Column ➢

Structural Column

You will probably not have any structural columns loaded into the model. If you get the message as shown in Figure, click yes to browse for a structural column.

Browse to Imperial Library ➢ Structural ➢ Columns ➢concrete➢Concrete-Rectangular-Column

Click ok

On the option bar, set depth (For creating below the viewing plan) or Height(Actual height-Starts from your current view)

If you want to rotate the column after placement, select rotate after placement on the option bar.

Click on the screen for column placement.

OR you can Place a column at grid intersection.

Click on At grids and then select grids

Click finish. Placing Structural column inside an architectural column:

On the Home tab- build panel, click Column ➢ Structural Column

Click place structural column tab multiple panel At Columns.

Select architectural column, then it automatically snaps to the centre of the architectural column.


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9.2 Structural Framing

Although most structural framing will not be done in Revit Architecture, there are a few areas where we need to add some framing, such as Canopies with light structural framing.

On the Structure panel of the Home tab, select the Beam button.

Click on the first point of framing system and then the second point of the framing system.

You may get the message, that the current element is not visible in this view; adjust the view range properly as mentions in the previous chapter.

Structural framing System Although adding beam systems is much more crucial in Revit Structure, it does have its usefulness in Revit Architecture as well. Having the ability to equally space a framing system can be quite advantageous. To create a beam system, follow along with this procedure:

1. On the Structure panel of the Home tab, click the Beam ➢ Beam System button, as shown in Figure.

2. On the Draw panel, click the Pick Supports button, as shown in Figure. 3. Pick the two HSS members that form the canopy, as shown in Fig.

9.3 Structural Beams

Beams are the most fundamental structural elements of any frame structure. Various standard beams can be loaded from the Revit family or beams with any desired shape can be designed through making new family. Process of adding beam:

Click home tab Structural Panel Beam Drop-down Beam.

Click on the drawing area to specify the start point.

Use the mouse to sketch the beam, moving the cursor to the end point.

Click to specify the end point.(or you can use the ON GRID tool to add multiple beams to selected grids when columns are also present at the working level.)

9.4 Structural Beam System

Although adding beam systems is much more crucial in Revit Structure, it does have its usefulness in Revit Architecture as well. Structural beam system creates a single structural framing element that contains a series of individual beams placed in parallel. The beam system provides a quick method for framing an area of a structure that requires additional support. Having the ability to equally space a framing system can be quite advantageous. To create a beam system, follow along with this procedure:

Click home tab build panel Beam drop-down beam System.

On the Draw panel, either sketch the boundary or click the Pick Supports button

On the Element tab, select the Beam System properties button.

Change the layout rule to Maximum Spacing.

Change the spacing to desired value like 4’–0, etc.

To define the beam direction click at the draw panel.

Click OK.

To the far right of the Create Beam System tab, click the Finish Beam System button.


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9.5 Structural Braces

Braces can be added in a plan view or in the framing elevation view. Procedure

Load required braces from structural-framing folder of your library.

Click home tab Component load from library

Browse to Structural ➢ Framing ➢ Steel, and open the fi le

On the Structure panel of the Home tab, click the Brace button, as shown in Figure

Once you select the Brace button, Revit will display a dialog asking you to specify a work plane. In the Pick a

Plane menu, select Grid 1, as shown in Figure

Verify that Round Bar: 1" is the current framing member in the Type Selector on the Options bar.

Draw a diagonal bar, as shown in Figure

Go to the south elevation.

Change the detail level to Fine and Model Graphics Style to Shading with Edges.

On the Structure panel of the Home tab, click the Brace button.

Choose Grid: F as the work plane.

Draw a diagonal rod similar to the one in Figure

9.6 Foundation System

Although Foundation system is designed by structure engineer in their Revit structure but the basic foundation system is created by architect who is monitored and modified later by structure engineer. Foundation wall: Foundation wall is placed beneath the wall. For using foundation wall:

Go to the bottom floor plan (ground floor plan or basement plan).

Click on the Wall Structural wall button on the Home tab.

In the change Element Type menu on the Place Structural wall tab, select: Generic 8" Masonry, duplicate and

modify the thickness and layers as per requirement.

In the edit type menu of the structural wall change the wall function to foundation.

Edit the view range to make the wall foundation visible.

While drawing wall foundation, pick the centre line of exterior walls.

Open 3d view for proper cleaning of the foundation wall.

Use join geometry for joining wall and foundation wall.

Footing

After we add foundation wall, next step is to add footings to those foundation wall. For this follow the following

procedure:

Go to build panelstructure wall foundation

Edit type adjust material, width etc.

Click ok

Click OK again to get back to the model.

Start picking walls. This footing will be centred underneath each wall you pick.


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When you are done picking the walls, go to a 3D view to make sure you have all of the foundations covered.

Mat foundation

Mat foundations are made by making structural slab. For this go to build panelstructurestructural slab

Edit type duplicate rename accordingly and adjust the properties

Adjust level and pick line finish

Isolated Footing

Isolated footings are placed under the column. For this go to build PanelStructureIsolated footing

Select the columns


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10 CEILINGS AND ROOFS

10.1 Ceiling Ceiling in Revit acts more as a false ceiling. Without creating a ceiling, you cannot put

lightings. Also, ceiling means a different ceiling floor which can be treated differently like

any floor plan.

Home- Ceiling

Automatic ceiling is made if we have a closed boundary of wall

and want to take that as a reference.

Sketch ceiling option is used if we want to manually create the

boundary of the ceiling. The general rules of sketching are

followed then.

Once the ceiling is completed, check the properties to change important parameters like

level and height offset from level.

Also, its type properties can be used to change the thickness.

Note: Edit ceilings to make decorative punctures, designs and styles.

10.1.1 Inserting a Light

As like any component, ceiling and wall lights can be loaded similarly from

componentsload family.

Ceiling lights compulsorily need a ceiling where as wall lights can be placed on walls

directly. Due to this reason we need to have a ceiling plan. (It can be accessed through the

project browser below floor plans)

10.2 Roofs HomeRoofs

In Revit, it can be made in two different ways-

Roof by foot print

Roof by extrusion


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10.2.1 Roof by footprint

It is used to make both the flat and pitched roofs. A normal sketch mode appears. The difference lies in the things we can change

in the options bar.

Defines slope allows to make slopped roof where as the user can uncheck the box to make a flat roof.

After finishing the sketch, the slope can be controlled from the properties box. However, angular slope can be given

through roof by extrusion option only.

10.2.2 Roof by Extrusion

The main idea is to make a profile of the roof in one plane and extrude it along a path on the other axis. However the plane

selected automatically defines the path. Profiles are made in work planes

10.2.2.1 Work plane A work plane is a 2-D area where our profile lies. It denotes the axes in which we complete our

profile so that it can be extruded along a path. Use a line on the required side from your floor

plan to set the work plane.

Steps (Work in plan view)

1. Make walls on which the roofs come. It will help to set the work plane as well

2. RoofRoof by extrusion

3. Select the plane/Pick the plane (the side on plan) in which the profile will be drawn

4. After selecting the plane, it will ask you for the options regarding which views to open.

It would generally consist of South and North Elevations or East and West Elevations.

Figure 5 Four way slopped roof


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5. Mention the level, and then sketch your profile on the desired location. Note that you do not need to close the profile.

6. End the roof, open 3d view

7. Select the walls (use TAB) and on ribbon, click attach top/base and the select the roof.

10.2.3 Sloped Glazing

Sloped glazing is a roof that has glass as material and mullions for divisions as like in curtain walls. Using sloped glazing, you can make roof lights and shed lights. Steps

Make a simple pitched roof

Select it, and use the Properties dialog box to change the type to Sloped Glazing.

Edit type Add grids and mullions

10.2.4 Modifying roof elements

It can be done only in flat roofs. The process is similar as like in floors.

Use slope arrows inside edit boundary option to give slope directly. However the modify sub element option will not be

accessible if slope arrow is given.

Use shape editing options following similar procedure as in floors.

Figure 6 Simple vaulted roof


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10.2.5 Making a dormer window

Place slope in all sides

Split lines on points where dormer comes

Remove slope from the split line in the middle.

Add “slope arrows” as shown in figure

Finish the drawing


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10.2.6 Making a dormer window and managing the details

In this chapter, we develop an idea to create a dormer window and then fix it properly with the main roof.

Process

Complete your slopped roof(which will be referred as main/primary roof) on which the dormer comes

Create the roof of the dormer via roof by extrusion(which will be referred as secondary roof)

Make walls at proper level (At this point the walls are not attached with anything on top or base)

Attaching top and base of the wall that supports the dormer

1. Select the walls Ribbon-Select attach

top/ base Options barChoose top

option Select the secondary roof

2. Select the walls Ribbon-Select attach

top/ base Options barChoose base

option Select the primary roof

3. Add windows as per design in the

walls

Joining the roofs

1. Modify panel Join/unjoin roof button Select a line on the side of the secondary roof which needs to be

joined

2. Select the main roof

Cut dormer opening

The dormer must be cut so as to receive light from the

window to the rooms below

RibbonOpening tabDormer

Select the main roof

A new window appears in which we can “Pick

Roof/ Wall edges”. Pick the edges from


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appropriate elevation view

Pick the edges as follows

1. The profile of the secondary roof

2. Internal walls in order (to be seen in wireframe mode)

3. Trim edges


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10.2.7 Inserting a glazed panel in the face of a slopped roof

Any roof can be cut and a hole can be made in it. After this, a glazing can be introduced in the cut hole.

Process

1. RibbonOpening tabVertical

2. Select the roof; Sketch mode opens

3. In Plan view, draw the sketch of the portion to be cut

Adding a glazed panel in the cut area(hole)

1. You may need to create a separate section or elevation

view from which the profile of the cut will be seen

2. Enable wire frame to view the cut portion in section/elevation

3. Use “roof by extrusion” option to create a roof and draw the profile on the new view created (either section

or elevation)

4. Hint: Use align command “AL” to exactly fit the newly created roof inside the hole.

5. Select the new roof and on type selector drop down, reach for “Sloped glazing”. The new roof will be

converted to glazed panel.


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11 SPECIAL WALLS

11.1 Curtain Walls A curtain wall has almost all of the properties similar to the masonry wall (try checking the instance property, change profile

option, etc). But it is a different type of wall with glazed panels divided by grids and mullions. When you create a curtain wall, with

simple parametric changes, the curtain panels as shown in the diagram can be achieved. But there is a lot to curtain walls than this.

For now, let’s focus on the basic parameters….

HomeWallsType selectorCurtain walls

The idea of a curtain wall is to either place it independently from

base to top of a floor or to embed it in a masonry wall. If a

curtain wall has sill and lintel level, it can’t be placed

independently, i.e. masonry wall should be placed and curtain

wall embedded in it.

Important terms

Grid pattern

A grid defines the placement of mullions that define the glazing in a curtain wall. There are options to layout the vertical and

horizontal grid patterns either as fixed distance, fixed number, Maximum or Minimum spacing.

Horizontal and vertical mullions

The profile of mullions can be changed and selected as required from the type properties.

Creating panels

The glass panels can be of different thickness such as 3mm,

5mm or as required. Also, it can have different properties. The

type of glazing required must be first made and then fitted into

the curtain wall properties.

To create a self-defined panel

Make a normal masonry wall

Change its structure to glass

Change its thickness as required and give the wall a

different name (say: glasspanel1)

Select the curtain wall

Type propertiesConstructionCurtain

PanelSelect the newly created glass

panel(glasspanel1)

Join Condition This defines the behavior of the mullion joins. It can be one of the following:


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Not Defined (join conditions can be overridden as necessary)

Vertical Grid Continuous

Horizontal Grid Continuous

Border and Vertical Grid Continuous

Border and Horizontal Grid Continuous

To insert a curtain wall inside a masonry wall (Work in Floor plan)

Create a masonry wall

Overlap the curtain wall on top of the wall; Give the head level (Top offset negative value)) and sill level(Base

offset positive value) from Curtain wall’s instance properties

Check in 3d view; only a blank wall will be seen since the curtain wall is hidden inside

To cut the curtain wall from the masonry wall, Modify panelCut geometrySelect the masonry

wallSelect the curtain wall


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Adding grids manually

As mentioned above, curtain wall parameter only allows uniform distribution of panels. In many cases, it might be

required that a differently sized panel be introduce.

Process (work in elevations)

HomeRibbonCurtain Grid

RibbonAll segment/ One segment

o All segment lets you add grids along the whole length where as one segment will allow you to

add grids between the respected grids only.

Note that after you select all or one segment you can add grids. It will automatically snap and allow you

to toggle between additions of horizontal and vertical grids automatically.

To place the new grids in exact position

o First, just place the grid

o Select the grid and then change the dimension


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Inserting a curtain door and window

This process follows the logic of placing grids manually as discussed above. Inserting a door in a curtain wall is

different and not simple like in the case of a normal wall. The idea is to replace curtain panel by modifying the

grids according to the size of the door required(delete and add grids) and inserting the door in that panel.

Process (refer to the figures)

Insertload family load any “curtain wall door” which is different from a normal door (and it will not

go inside the normally door category)

Be sure of the dimensions of the door, its placement and the number of grids to add/delete.

Select the vertical grid(second from the right)

RibbonAdd/Remove segments

Click on the grids which is not required to delete them(you do not need to press delete however)

Repeat the process until the area is blank

Select the newly created single panel using TAB

Type selectorScroll downSelect the ”curtain wall door” that was previously loaded

Note: Window panels are inserted using the exact same process as well


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11.2 Stacked walls

Stacked walls are a form of compound walls with different types of walls arranged vertically. A combination of

parapet wall, main wall, and foundation wall is a compound wall known as stacked wall in Revit

Before starting a stacked wall in Revit, you need to manually create the different walls used. Let us take an example in

which we create a stacked wall with 3’ high 4” brick parapet, 9” thick brick masonry wall and 1’ thick stone footing.

Process

Create these different walls first using the normal process

Then go to HomeWallScroll down- Stacked wall

Edit typeDuplicate

Select walls in order from top to base(Click insert to

add walls)

Make the main wall as variable


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11.3 Vertically Compound walls

Adding New Materials by Splitting a Region

If you want more than one material along the face of a wall, you will use the Split Region command that is imbedded

within the Edit Assembly dialog. The objective of the following procedure is to add a new material, then apply it to

the top half of the plywood face.

1. Click the Edit button in the Structure row.

2. Click on Layer 1 (the top layer).

3. Click Insert.

4. Make the function Finish 2 [5].

5. For the material, fi and Wood - Cherry, and click OK. (Do not give it a thickness.)

6. Click the Split Region button, as shown in Figure 16.6.

7. Move your cursor up the plywood face. Notice that your cursor turns into a knife. You will also see a short,

horizontal line within the plywood. This indicates where the region will be cut.

N O T E: You are going to find that splitting the correct region can be extremely difficult even if you have

done this procedure many times. Make sure you zoom in to the area, and try it again if you are getting

frustrated.

8. Once you see 3'–0" in the temporary dimension, pick the point as shown in Figure 16.6. Do not press Esc during this

process

You have now split the plywood. The only thing left to do is to apply a new material to the upper region. You can

accomplish this by using the Assign Layers button.


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Assigning Material to Different Layers

The Assign Layers command will allow you to choose where you would like to assign a layer to. This is quite useful

within the context of this dialog because now you are not “stuck” without the ability to just move the layers around

the wall as you need. Of course, when you split the wall such as we just did, you will notice that the thickness of the

two wood layers is set to 0 and Variable. Revit needs us to assign an alternate layer at this point.

The objective of the following procedure is to assign the

cherry layer to the upper portion of the plywood.

1. Pick the Layer 1 row (Wood - Cherry), as shown

in Figure

2. Click the Assign Layers button, as shown in

Figure

3. Move your cursor over the upper region of the

plywood layer and pick.

4. Cherry is now assigned to the upper portion of

the wall, and the layers are now set back to 3/4"

5. At the bottom of the dialog, click OK.

6. Click Apply.

7. Click the Edit button in the Structure row to get back to the Edit Assembly dialog.

8. Pan to the top of the wall in the display, as shown in Figure.

9. Click the Modify button, as shown in Figure.

10. Move your cursor over the top of the 3/4" plywood, as shown in Figure 16.8.

11. Once the top of the plywood becomes highlighted, pick the line.

12. Unlock the blue padlock.

13. Click OK twice.

14. Click OK one more time to get to the model.

15. Click the Modify button on the Home toolbar.

16. Save the model.


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11.4 Creating Custom In-Place Walls

Whether you are working on traditional architecture, restoration of historic buildings, or freeform design, you may need to create walls that are irregular in shape. The Model In-Place tool, found in the Component drop-down on the Home tab, lets you create any wall style independent of the constraints of the layer structure described in the previous sections of this chapter. Figure shows an example of such a wall created with the solid geometry tools also found in the Family Editor. You can refer to“Family Editor,” to explore the various modelling techniques available in the Model In-Place mode. Remember that the selection of the family category is important to the behaviour of the custom geometry. Select the Walls category to allow your custom elements to be scheduled with other walls and for hosted elements such as doors and windows to be placed.


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12 CIRCULATION The components of circulation in Revit are

Staircase

Ramps

Railings

12.1 Staircase

Few of the basic types of staircase that we know are: dog legged, straight

flight, open well and radial which will be demonstrated in this manual to

learn the required theory.

Methods of creating a staircase

1. Riser method

2. Run method

Extra parameters to adjust

String type

Tread riser material

Railings etc.

HomeCirculation panel Stairs

When we initiate a staircase, the sketch mode opens. It is wise to first make

a plan of the staircase using model lines or annotation lines. It can be then

used to create actual staircase; but it is entirely optional.

Before you start off, be sure to check the following Parameters under Instance properties

Base Level and Top Level

Width

Desired No. of risers

Actual tread depth

Other properties are included under edit type properties, which can be changed as desired. Since the architectural terms are used, it is not

being dealt in detail in this manual.


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Initiating a staircase

12.1.1 The run method

This is the widely used method and will allow you to create staircase along the run, i.e. the risers will be automatically

created along the path of the run sketched. The parameters given will dictate the type of staircase being made. It is

important to note here, that Revit will automatically give information on the no. of risers created and number of risers

remaining.

Creating a straight flight staircase


Drag the line in the direction of the stairs to complete the plan

Finish the stair to create it in 3D


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Creating a dog legged staircase


For this, it is wise to make the desired plan using model lines first. The reason to do is to make the snapping

easy while making real staircase and to get clear idea of where the stair will lie.

Then follow similar step like in a straight flight, and check the parameters as well

Finish the stair to create it in 3D


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The role of Boundary option

The greeen lines shown in the sketch mode is the boundary where as the black ones are risers. It is used to modify

the boundary of the staircase made by using the run method. Say for example, to change the witdth of the landing, to

make the boundary curved, etc. Notice that you need to “edit sketch” in order to make changes.

Using the boundary option properly

After finishing the stairs in sketch mode, delete the boundary which are to be changed.

The boundary option allows you to draw lines of different shapes; Use them as required.

It is not necessary to join the risers with the new boundary; it connects automatically after we finish the

sketch.


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Using the Riser option

It is used to manually add a riser. It can be used to crease stairs like we do in AutoCAD or to add risers after the

original staircase is to be modified. But another important reason to use this is to create landings in the middle of

straight flight staircase. The process to create a staircase as shown in the image is as follows (To work in Plan)

After a normal straight flight staircase is created, delete the risers where the landing comes. Here two of the

risers in the middle have been deleted.

Split the boundary (green line) at both ends of the newly created landing.

Add a new boundary using curve lines

Now, the two risers previously deleted for the space of the landing should be added. Use the riser tool and

make two new risers. (Either create lines at the interval of tread distance or pic lines and offset at the

distance of the tread distance)


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12.1.2 Spiral staircase

The option is located in the same sketch mode screen; the one with a curved line

and point in it. The idea of creating a spiral staircase is by locating the center of the

arc and the radius of the circular boundary. The distance(radius) we set is the

distance between the center of the arc and center of the staircase.


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12.2 Ramps

HomeCirculation panel Ramp

Like staircase, the method of drawing the ramps is simple. It also has run, boundary and riser options and the

meanings are the same.

To create a ramp, consider the following things as pre-requisites (In the Type Properties)

Give the Ramp max slope. Eg. For 1/15 give the value as 15, because the option will ask for (1/x)

Give the maximum inclined length under edit properties

Theory and process

Say that a ramp is to have inclination of 1/15. This means to provide ramp for a 10’ tall floor of a building, the length

of the ramp should be 135’. Revit calculates this length automatically once the base and top level are given correctly.

Give the value of maximum inclined length as any value more than 150’; say 160’ or 200’.

Start creating the ramp using the Run tool

Note: Like in stairs, information on the length of ramp created and remained will be given automatically.

Change the shape as thick or solid to change the type of ramp.

For ramps of custom shape, use the boundary and riser options like in the staircase.

Figure 7 Ramp with solid shape


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12.3 Railings

The important things that should be understood are

The horizontals elements of the railings are called “Rails”.

The vertical elements are called “Balusters”. They are loaded as profile and can also be panels (eg. Of glass).

HomeCirculation panelRailing

Making custom railings

The default railings given do not meet the demand of

the design. Making new railings as desired or

customizing it is done actually by changing the

“balusters” and “Rails”.

Process (From a typical example)

Duplicate a current railing and rename as

desired

In the type properties, there are two

important parameters: Rail structure and

Baluster placement

Rail structure theory and process

The idea is to add horizontal members or rails

Normally, they lie at different heights.

Notice the profile; The primary one is the

biggest (rectangular 2” X 3”) at a height of 3’ from the base whereas the other two are circular 1”. If a desired

profile is not located, pre load from InsertLoad familyRails

At this point, we have not interfered with balusters, so

the result as we see has default balusters (vertical

members). Notice the rail which is as planned.

Baluster theory and process

RailsEdit TypeBaluster placement

Let’s try to modify the balusters and add two types;

round 2” and square 1” occurring simultaneously at 6”

interval.


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First select the current baluster and duplicate

Under Baluster family, change one of them as round 2” and the other as square 1” (or as desired).

The distance from previous should be so set that it is the addition of the actual gap required and the thickness

of the previous baluster.

For eg if 1” is the thickness of the previous baluster and the gap required is 1’, keep the distance as 1”+1’=13”

At this point, we have successfully placed the rail and the baluster as we intended. But the corner posts and the

justification still seems to be unconsidered.

Changing other properties of the rail (posts, justifications, etc.)

It is done through the previous window of balusters as well. We need to adjust the posts at and to justify the elements

so that it maintains equal distance.

Check the “break pattern at” and “justify” options and keep them as required. (Spread pattern to fit has been

chosen for the time being)

On the lower portion of the previous screen, there are options for them.

Change the start post, corner post

and end post as required. All are kept

as M_post newel (loaded from the

family) for the time being. Also check

the “corner post at” option.

The final output has a better rail and baluster

structure with modified posts.


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Railing with glass panels

As mentioned glass panels are interpreted as balusters.

Load a glass panel family from balusters folder and then change the baluster to the loaded glass panel.

Distance from previous should be the sum of intended gap between panel and the width of the panel.


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13 SITE AND TOPOGRAPHY

Toposurface-

Massing and site contextual tabModel site panelToposurface

It makes up the site. Note the elevation of each point which dictates the contours

of the site.

Site components- They should be loaded and includes trees, shrubs in general.

Parking components- They should be loaded and includes components like bike

stand, parking separators, etc.

Building pad- It is an essential component of a site. It can be considered as a n

excavation carried in site which makes it flat for the buildings to rest upon it. A

building pad has a concrete surface in general and cuts the site in the given shape

and at given height. It is made in sketch mode

Split surface- It splits the site into different parts and used when the site will have different surfaces.

Merge surfaces- Used to merge two split surfaces. The first one selected will act as primary

Sub region- When the site has different regions like grass, roads, pavements along the same contour, this option is

used.

Property line- Use this option to fix the property line or boundary of the site exactly.

Figure 8 Rectangular building pad


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Graded region- Use this option before any interference is made in the site. It makes a duplicate of the site so that the

original site and the graded site can be compared. The graded region, appearing in purple color should be kept

somewhere far in the working area to be used further if needed in the design process.

Contour Labels- They are used to denote the contour levels in the site plan. It is always very important to manage

the settings to get the contour information as desired. The properties of contour labels along with other site labeling

properties can be managed from the split button near “model site” panel.

Site settings

At intervals of- mention the contour label to occur at this interval

Passing through elevation- This value will act as bench mark and this value will be labelled in the plan.

Additional contour properties

Figure 9 Site-Grading


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Start and stop - enter an elevation at which contour lines starts and stops respectively

Increament- specify the increament for each additional contour.[This value is enable when you select multiple values

for range type

Range type- for each additional contour lines, select single values; for multiple values, use multiple.

Sub category- select the function of the sub-contour lines from this option either as primary(dark), secondary(light),

hidden lines(dotted), etc

Note the values in the picture and the effect as seen in the labeling on the site plan


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ANNOTATIONS AND

SCHEDULING


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14 ANNOTATIONS

2d works under Revit are placed under Annotations tab. Following important things come under it:

1. Dimension

2. Detail Lines

3. Region and Mask

4. 2d Components

5. Detail group

6. Text

7. Tags

8. Symbols

14.1 Dimensioning

14.1.1 Temporary dimension

It is the dimension shown temporarily after making any object and selecting them. To change the settings,

Manage Additional settings Temporary Dimensions

Click on lsign to make it permanent.

14.1.2 Permanent Dimensions

Short cut (DI)

AnnotateDimensions panel

They are of the following kinds

1. Aligned dimension

2. Linear dimension

3. Angular dimension

4. Radial dimension

5. Base line dimension

6. Ordinate dimension

Base line and Ordinate dimensions are only available at the type properties to be discussed later.

Options bar

Individual reference

Requires two parallel references for dimensioning

Pick entire wall

Will select the entire wall along with dimensions of selected parameter


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Select the parameters from options

1. Opening: center or width

2. Intersecting wall

3. Intersecting grids

Properties

Select the dimensionEdit type

Dimension string type

1. continuous

2. Baseline

3. Ordinate

Flipped dimension line extension

The dimension given when the located area

will not be sufficient. It gets activated only if tick

mark is set to arrow-head.

Use the type properties to manage the following

general options


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Graphics

o Dimension types

o Tick marks

o Color

Text

o Color

o Size

o Change dimension units

Witness line

This is seen as a filled small square box. It is the point which controls the actual dimensioning length distance.

Detail Lines

It is similar to the one at the beginning in every respect and has advantages over model lines, like: usability even in elevations


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14.2 Region

14.2.1 Filled region

It is creating a boundary and hatching in it.

1. As soon as it is selected, sketch mode opens where the user

can draw lines.

2. Draw the area and finish the sketch

3. Select hatch type as required from type selector

4. End the properties like line weight, transparency. Tec.

To change the hatch of region, select the regionEdit type Fill

pattern

14.2.2 Masking region

It is done following the similar process like that in Region but does

not have a fill pattern. It is used to cover the lines, drawings in

specific view only.

14.3 Components These are 2d view specific components and are located inside AnnotationsDetail components if we browse inside Load

family.

14.4 Revision cloud It is used to indicate the portion of drawing that needs attention

14.5 Detail Group It is used to create a block containing 2d elements which can be repeated as many times as required. Changes made in one group

would be reflected in all.

14.6 Text Annotate Text panel

Texts in Revit come as leaders, i.e. arrow with texts. Accordingly, it has been divided to 4 types:

1. No leader

2. One segment

3. Two segment

4. Curve

Inside edit type, following important properties should be checked.

1. Color

2. Line weight

3. Transparency

4. Font

5. Text Height


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14.7 Tags Annotate Tag panel

14.7.1 Tag by category

They are the names given to doors and windows like D1, W1, etc. it is of the following types:

Edit tags

1. Select tags

2. Ribbon Edit family

3. Select the tag, edit label.

4. Select the default parameter and remove

5. Add the parameter type mark instead

6. Finish and load into project

This insures that while naming the tags for doors, windows the tag name appears as D1 or W2 for same type of doors or windows

respectively.

14.7.2 Material tag

It is given to materials used in the building. For e.g. it is used to tag the brick, plaster and paint in the plan view of a wall. Once a

tag name for a material is given, say named as “Masonry brick” or “plaster”, it will be tagged as the same whenever the same

material is tagged, i.e. naming the same material again and again will not be required.


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15 SCHEDULING AND QUANTITIES Scheduling means listing the total no or total amount of any material or objects. Revit is very powerful BIM based software so it allows to itemize door, window, light fixtures or calculate the area/volume of plaster, paint, concrete or claddings. Scheduling also includes the data about no. of sheets, area plan, and notes and so on. Once created, the data’s are automatically constantly updated even when any change are made in the model itself. Legends are a way to graphically display building components, elements, or annotations. Legends can be created for displaying information such as door types, wall types, key plans, or general notes. Legends are unique in their behaviour as a view because they are the one view in Revit that can be placed on multiple sheets. In any project estimating and scheduling is one of the most tedious and time consuming work. When estimating, there is a lots of chance of making error hence multiple checking and rechecking has to be done. In Revit multiple information can be set to any element. Such as the material, fire rating, cost, etc. can be assigned to the elements and all of this information can be scheduled and quantified. Schedule is very powerful tool in Revit because it is directly associated with corresponding model, hence changes made in size, and properties of elements in schedule are automatically updated in the model as well.

15.1 Schedule types

Schedule/Quantities o Scheduling/Quantities is the most common type of Scheduling used in Revit. This helps to schedule

and quantify the elements such as doors, windows, walls etc.

Material Take-off o This type of schedule can list all the materials and subcomponents of any Revit family category. You

can use a material take off to schedule any material that is placed in a component or assembly. For

example, you might want to know the cubic yardage of concrete within the model. Regardless of

whether the concrete is in a wall or floor or column, you can tell the schedule to report the total

amount of that material in the project.

Sheet List This allows making list of all the sheets made in the project.

Note Block o This schedule lists the notes that are applied to elements and assemblies in your project. You can also

use a note block to list the annotation symbols (centrelines, north arrows) used in a project.

View List o This lists all the properties of views in the project browser.


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15.2 Creating a Door Schedule

On the Create panel of the View tab, click the Schedules ➢ Schedule /

Quantities button

Allows you to choose which item you would like to schedule. Select Doors and click OK.

The next dialog allows you to add the fields (parameters) required for your schedule. The first field you will

add is the Mark. To do this, find Mark in the area to the left, and click the Add button in the middle of the

dialog, as shown in Figure

Once this field is added, add the following fields using the same method: Height, Width, Level

Door Finish, Door Hardware Group, Frame Finish, Frame Jamb Type, Comments

This completes the way of scheduling, next thing to do is arranging, shorting, filtering the extracted data in

such a way that it can be presented easily.

Fields: The Fields tab lets you select the data that will appear in your schedule. For the wall schedule, it shows all the properties available in the wall family (we chose Family and Type, Type Mark, and Volume). The list of available fields on the left will vary based on the family you chose to schedule. If you’ve added any project-based parameters to those family categories, they will be available here as well. Also notice the option Include Elements In Linked Files at the lower-left corner. Enabling this option will allow you to schedule across multiple files and can be a great tool for larger projects.

Filter: on the Filter, you can filter out the data you don’t want to show in your schedule. Filters work like common database functions. As an example, you can filter out all the sheets in a set that don’t begin with the letter A. Or you can filter a material list so that it only shows items containing Concrete. Sorting/Grouping: The Sorting/Grouping tab lets you control the order in which information is displayed and which elements control that order. For instance, if you are creating a sheet index, you can choose to sort by Sheet Number or Sheet Name, depending on how you’d like the information displayed. You can also decide whether you want to show every instance of an item or only the categories for a family by using the Itemize Every Instance check box at the bottom. Formatting The Formatting tab controls the display heading for each field and whether the field is visible on the schedule. It also controls other elements of the field such as justification, display name, and orientation of the header. This tab also allows you to use the Calculate Totals check box. Not all Revit fields will calculate their total values at the bottom of the schedule. By highlighting the field on the left, you can check the


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Calculate Totals box and show a sum at the bottom for any numerical column. Appearance The Appearance tab controls the graphical aspects of the schedule, such as font size and style of text for

each of the columns and headers in the schedule. It also allows you to turn the schedule grid lines on and off, and

modify the line thickness for the grid and boundary lines.


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Once you’ve established the fields and look of your schedule, clicking OK gives you a preliminary layout. The

schedule’s layout can be modified at any time during the project but gives you a basis from which to begin. To modify

the schedule at any time, simply click the Element Properties button or right-click and choose Element Properties

from the context menu. Schedules have their own special tab on the ribbon that is active when you are viewing the

schedule outside of a sheet. The tab allows you to select the properties, add and delete rows, and show or hide

columns within the schedule.


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PRESENTATION


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16 ROOM AND AREA

16.1 Room

Room is an area enclosed by walls.

HomeRoom and Area

Room can be placed in two ways:

1. Drawing enclosed area

2. Drawing separation line

Wall properties Room bounding check/uncheck to allow/not allow the

particular wall to effect the area boundary.

16.1.1 Room separation line

Used to create area without walls (eg: for combined dining-kitchen)

16.1.2 Modifying parameters

Parameters include room name, number, area, volume, perimeter or others that mentions the room’s properties.

1. Select the room tagEdit type Check room area, volume and number

2. Select room tag

3. Ribbon Edit family

4. HomeRibbonLabel

5. Labels are now options to add different parameters whose values/identities change accordingly. Eg.

Perimeter of room

6. Edit label windowAdd new category as desired.

16.1.3 Volume computation

For volume, the room must have a base and a top covered.


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Room and area drop downArea and volume computation

16.1.4 Color schemes

1. Level propertiescolor scheme

2. New dialogue box appears

a. Category: Name

b. Color: By Area, By name, etc

c. Edit fill pattern, preview colors as required

16.2 Area/Area Plan

It is used to make separate plan and present the drawings according to area distribution. It automatically creates a new

floor plan which is defined as rentable area.

HomeArea Area plan

The new area plan is shown in the project browser.

Area boundary line is similar to room separation line. Use it to separate the rooms by selecting the walls that bound

the area and then give area. Editing room tag is similar to above.

16.2.1 Color scheme

The idea is similar as that above. The difference is that Category is to be set as Rentable Area and Color is to be set as

Area


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17 GRAPHICS AND PRESENTATION

17.1 Camera

View3d viewCamera

It is set in plan. As soon as we place the camera, the view opens instantly.

17.1.1 To relocate the camera in plan

Project browser3d viewCamera viewRt. ClickShow cameraGo back to the plan

Or Project Browser3d viewOpen Camera viewclick on frameGo back to the plan view

17.1.2 Important camera properties

Far clip off set

Section box

Eye elevation

Target elevation

17.1.3 Sun path

View control bar Sun path

It is used to control the position of the sun. (Toggle on/off)


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17.1.3.1 Sun settings

Still- single day

We can control the location, date and time for positioning the sun

Single day

We can control the start and finish time as well. It is used for solar study as well.

Multi Day

We can control multiple days and is used for solar study

Lighting

It is used to control the azimuth angle or keep sun’s position on left or right (used for elevations)

17.1.3.2 Shadows

Shadows can be toggle on/off. It’s property is influenced by sun settings and graphics display option properties.

17.1.3.3 Graphics Display option and view control

Sun settings is controlled from sun path(previous

session)

Sun Intensity- Usually 80-100 for daylight

Indirect light/Bounced light- Not more than 40

Cast shadows- Usually in the mid-range of 40-60

Ambient occlusion (specific in 3d or camera views

only) for better presentation

Gradient Background


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Views of an image in hidden lines, shaded with edges, realistic and rendered modes respectively (Copyright:Author)

Figure 12 Hidden line mode with ambience and background

Figure 11Shaded mode with ambience and background

Figure 10Realistic with ambience and background

Figure 13Rendered image


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17.2 Renderings

View control bar Show rendering dialogue

Region- to control area In the view to render

Quality

Setting- Draft-low-medium-high-best

Lighting scheme- I has interior, exterior options with sun and/or artificial

light and vice versa.

Artificial light- To control particular light and to group them

Background- control the amount of cloud and color of the sky

Name Description Value

Exposure Brightness of the overall image 12.5

Highlights light level for the brightest area of the image 0.3

Mid tones Light level for area whose brightness lies between highlight and shadow

1.5

Shadows Light level for darkest area of the image 2.5

White point Color temperature of light that displays as white in the image. For orange color, reduce WP and for blue increase WP.

Daylight: 6500 Incandescent: 2800

Saturation Intensity of colors 1-5


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17.3 Walkthrough

Walkthrough is movement along a given path. It is controlled by camera positioned at key locations.

The idea of walkthrough in Revit is to keep cameras in key locations usually at turnings or at other points so as to give

a path to the walkthrough.

View3d view drop downWalkthrough

1. Check on options bar and give required offset from level right in the beginning for each camera positioned.

2. Keep cameras so that it will form the path


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17.3.1 Editing walkthrough parameters

Walkthrough unlike camera does not end without editing. It can be said that we cannot complete a walkthrough

without editing. Editing involves changing the target of camera, adding or removing key frames, changing camera

properties, etc.

1. Select the walkthrough created

2. Ribbon Edit walkthrough

3. Options bar

a. Active camera: manages the setting of camera or key frames (change the direction of target and other

properties and from elevations change the height of camera and target)

b. Path: manages the path of walkthrough

c. Add and Remove Key frame


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17.3.2 Walkthrough frames calculation

The quality of walkthrough is always guided by total frames. By quality, proper speed is meant in this case.

Frame: it is the smallest unit that makes up a movement. There are 15-30 frames in one second in general case. More the frames

per second, better the quality.

Key frame: it denotes the position of camera

Total walkthrough frames required= (Total Distance/speed of movement) * frame per second

In general, speed of movement is taken as 3 feet per second for a good walkthrough output

Frame per second is from 15-30 as desired. So if the distance of our path is known, we can calculate the total walkthrough frames

required.


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18 SHEETS Working in sheets is like working in the layout of AutoCAD.

View tabSheets

Load any sheet from the Title block folder

The view of sheet opens and the list goes on Project browser

18.1 Working with sheets

Inserting drawings in sheet (Plan/Elevation/Section)

Go to the particular drawing

o Adjust (in General)

Scale

Detail level

Visual style

Crop region

Drag and drop into sheet

To make any changes on the corresponding views (the drawings that are to be kept in a sheet)

o Select view

o Activate view

o Work on that particular view

o Right clickDeactivate


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18.2 Title block

A title block is a template for any sheet. If we require making any new sheet on our own, we need to create a title

block and later load into project. A manually created sheet layout forms the title block which can be later uploaded as

sheets

R buttonNewTitle block Load a title block

At first, a newly loaded title block will only be a rectangle of given dimension. It is up to us to change the dimension

of the sheet according to our need.

The basic components of any sheet are

1. Borders

2. Labels and texts

Borders

Use lines to make borders as

required

Labels and texts

Use labels and texts in the Ribbon

of Home to add names on the

sheet like name of the project,

scale, dates, sheet number, etc.

Labels can be edited in the sheet

after loading in the project whereas

texts cannot be changed.


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18.3 Printing

Short cut- Ctrl + P

Important things to consider

Select printerPdf creator, Bullzip printer, etc.

Select location of file

Print range- select view/sheet

SettingSetup

o Size, paper placement

o Orientation,

o Raster processing

o Appearance

o Colors


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MASSING AND FAMILY


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19 MASSING A block of different shapes and profiles is termed as a mass. It is a conceptual block which allows the user to play with various

forms during the design phase.

A mass can be converted into walls, floors, roofs, i.e. the basic structures of any building. The concept of massing is also used to

create families (next chapters).

The important thing to understand here is though different

types of forms are separated in theory; it is not actually

separated in Revit. The basic idea needs to be understood

and then different forms are made. All the forms are made

following this step

RibbonMassing and site In place Mass

19.1 Basic concept of massing (Solid

forms) 1. Make profile(s) in desired work plane

2. Make axis, path as required if the form is made

through sweep, sweep blend, and revolve.

3. Select profiles and axis, path according to the

model and make solid form or void form.

19.2 Types of forms 1. Surface forms

2. Extrusion

3. Sweep

4. Revolve

5. Blend/blend sweep/loft

Work plane It is the plane in which a profile is drawn.

Process

1. RibbonReference Plane. Draw the plane as required

2. RibbonSet plane. Pick a plane and select the line.

3. Open the desired view and start making profile.

Note: Open 3d view to work easily along with the visualization of what the model will be.

We might sometimes need to select a plane which is perpendicular to the axis. To set a plane perpendicular to the axis without the

help of any reference lines or planes

1. Go to 3d view

2. Ribbon Set plane

3. Select the end point of a line previously drawn.

4. The plane will be set perpendicular to the line.

Open the desired view and start making profile.


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19.2.1 Surface forms

It is about joining two lines or curves so as to make a 2d

surface. The idea is to draw lines at same or different levels

and join them.

Process

1. Make lines using lines in the draw tool

2. If you need to draw surfaces at different level, use

project browser and draw it in different levels(Use 3d

view to select lines at different levels)

3. Select the lines and RibbonCreate form drop

downSolid form


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19.2.2 Extrusion

Pulling a profile perpendicular to it is extrusion.

Profile: A two dimensional closed shape that is converted to a

three dimensional object is termed as profile. Simply, it is the

cross-sectional plane of solid geometry.

Process

1. Make profile(s) using items in the draw tool

2. If you need to draw profiles at different level, use

project browser and draw it in different levels(Use 3d

view to select lines at different levels)

3. Select the profile and RibbonCreate form drop

downSolid form

4. To change the height, elevations, etc. select planes or

edges as required.

19.2.3 Sweep

Extrusion of a profile along a given path is sweeping. However, at a time only uniform lines can be swept.

Process


2. Draw a line which will act as path of sweep. So we have two things: the profile and the path.

3. Select the profile and the axis (use 3d if required)

4. RibbonCreate form drop downSolid form

According to the law of geometry, a profile

can be swept along a path only if they are

perpendicular to each other. So to complete

step 2, we need to change the work plane

and set it perpendicular to the profile.


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19.2.4 Revolve

Revolving is done by rotating a profile along a virtual axis.

Process


2. Draw a virtual axis which is a line always. If it goes along the edge of the profile, draw it overlapping the edge. So we

have two things: the profile and the axis.

3. Select the profile and the axis (use 3d if required)

4. RibbonCreate form (drop down)Solid form


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19.2.5 Blend or Blend sweep or loft

If we require blending two or more profiles, this idea is used. The main idea is to make profiles at different levels and join them. It

does not require a path.

Process

1. Make profile(s) using items in the draw tool at various level

2. Select the profiles at different levels (use 3d view if required)

3. RibbonCreate form (drop down)Solid form


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19.2.6 Void

A void is made for different reasons, to make holes in

mass, subtract a portion of mass, etc.

Steps

1. Make solid form following steps above.

2. Make profile of void and path as required

following same process as in solid. But note

that the profile and path must remain inside

the solid form.

3. Select the profile(s), path, axes

4. RibbonCreate form (drop down)Void

form

Note: the void should lie on the mass


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19.3 Adding floors, roofs and walls After the mass is finished, if required it can be directly changed to floors, roofs and walls

19.3.1 Create floors

1. Select the mass

2. Ribbon Mass Floors

3. Select the levels. Note that floors will be made by converting the profile drawn on that particular level.

4. RibbonModel by face panel Floor

5. Select the floors

6. Ribbon Create floors

19.3.2 Create walls

1. RibbonModel by face panel Walls

2. Select the required faces that need to be converted to wall. The type of walls can be changed as required.

19.3.3 Create roof

1. RibbonModel by face panel Roofs

2. Select the top plane

3. RibbonCreate roofs

19.3.4 Modifying a Mass

It is mainly used to add points, edges and profiles to mass that make up the model.

Steps

Figure 14 Use of mass to create built structures (Sc. Author)


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1. Select the mass.

2. Ribbon Edit in place

3. Select any plane/face using tab

4. Ribbon Form elementadd profile/ add edge

A profile is horizontal to the floors whereas edges are drawn perpendicular and divides the vertical face.

Note that X-Ray view should be enabled to view the added edges/profile

Modeling

Select the mass

Edit in place

Select any horizontal plane/face (using TAB)

RibbonForm element panel

o X-ray

o Add edge-edges divide the surface

vertically

o Add profile-profiles divide the surface

horizontally and can be taken as the

cross-section of the mass

o Dissolve- to take the mass back to

previous stage without profiles and edges

Ribbon Divide surface

o To add pattern to the face of the mass

o Change the pattern through the type

selector.

o Type properties can be changed as

required. Some of them could be changing the size of the pattern blocks, number in horizontal and vertical

grids, etc.


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19.3.5 Using X-ray

After profiles/edges have been added, select any plane and enable X-ray.

This view enables the user to see the profiles that have been added.

It also enables to control the vertices, shows added profiles.

To disable this view, click on any plane and click on X-ray again.

Figure 15 A dome transformed using X-ray


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20 FAMILY Revit family is used to create a custom model family. Modelling in Revit is not that hard but modelling in such a way that it behaves the way it is meant to be in real world is very important. There are few key processes of making a custom family:

1. Plan carefully what you want your family to behave. 2. Select proper template file. Every template has its own behaviour. This is also a most important step

because while loading any family in project it stays in its corresponding family category. 3. Reference plane: add reference planes to set up the form and structure of the family and define its

geometric limits and characteristics. 4. Parameter and constrains: Parameters are a rule that the user can interact with and change later in

project. A constraint is “locked in” design intent. It is a permanent behavior that the user cannot change later in the project.

5. To change the material finish, select the object, go to the properties palate, and under materials and finishes, click on the button to the right of materials; a dialogue box pops up. Materials currently defaults to “By Category” however by clicking on the box you can assign a material parameter by clicking on the add parameters button. The material does not show up right away on the object, but by going to the home tab and clicking on the Family Types dialogue, you can view and select the new parameters you have included; click OK.

Making Family:

Application menu new family

Select the desired family template

Point to Note: there are few family which depends on the host, for such families select host based template such as wall based, ceiling based, floor based etc.

When you load a template, first thing to set is reference planes.


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For setting reference plane:

o Go to home tab Datum panel reference plane o Draw reference planes just like drawing lines in plan; this sets the

framework of your family. When you make reference plane name it properly in properties pallet so that you can easily work on that work plane later on.

o Do the same thing in elevation and draw framework of height and different levels using reference plane.

o This reference plane defines your family, when we modify later on we will be modifying the reference plane.

Next add dimensions to the reference plane, for this go to Annotate dimension.

o Next important step is labelling our dimension. Select you dimension(say dimension line showing the

length) and select label either in option bar or properties pallet bar Add Parameter Name the

parameter in this case say “length” o Add label to other dimensions also such as breadth, thickness, height, leg, etc. o When you create parameter, it

appears in front of the dimensions.

o You can create constrains by making dimension and then locking it.

Flexing the model o Flexing means testing whether

the created dimensions, parameters and constraints works the way we expect it to work.

o Go to home tab family types vary the different parameter values. o Create new different family types from the same tab. o Apply and save


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Applying material:

After you create solid and void geometry in modelling family, final step is applying material.

There may be few materials that you want to apply permanently and few materials that you want to be parametric.

Select the solid and on its properties pallet there is material and a button is with it,, click on that button and associate family parameter appears and select add parameter

Specify the name of material parameter

Now flex the material parameter just like before Save and load into project.


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OTHERS


101

21 EXPORT, IMPORT AND LINK Export

Generally, we export the followings from Revit to other software

1. 2D drawings- As DWG files

2. Images and animations-As Jpegs

3. 3D drawings- As DWG or FBX files

4. Reports from Estimations-As txt file

Exporting 2D drawings

R- ButtonExportCAD formats

Under export, select In session views/sheet set

Choose option under drop down of show in list

Select the views/sheets to export as 2d AutoCAD drawings

Exporting images

The current view port can be exported as image in Revit

R- ButtonExportImage and AnimationImage

Change the pixels in image size, format and zoom to options, export range and image export location, the general

properties which affects the output.


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Exporting 3D views

While in a 3D view or any camera view, the model cane be exported as a 3D file.

R- ButtonExportFBX

Import

A similar process is followed and the general idea is used as like in any other software.


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Link

Insert tabLink panel

This option is used to Link auto CAD files and/or Revit files with another Revit File.

Used in a big project, like Housing

To make independent changes and then load into the master file

Used to decrease the load(file size) of same repeated buildings on a single project

While working in Revit, we can make changes in individual file and then link with the master plan in master file. So to

see the changes made we need to close and re-open the master file or select reload.

Linking an AutoCAD file in Revit

Insert tabLink panelLink CAD

Insert the file from your computer

Make changes in your CAD file as

required (Working in Revit not

necessary for the time being)

After the changes are made, go to

Mage Links; click on the file and click

reload. The changes made will be

seen in the Revit automatically

Follow the same process for Revit files as well

Insert tabLink panelLink

Revit


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Figure 16 Linked building units in a Master plan


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22 DESIGN OPTIONS AND PHASING

22.1 Design options

The general process is to

Prepare a main model that consists of every major elements(those which will remain same in every option)

Add options and rename them

Open options and make changes

View and compare the different options

Steps

The idea here is to make options that are different

in a typical character only, like roofs, or openings,

etc. These design options are not suitable for those

which have very large differences, like ones which

totally different in plan for example. After you are

done with your design and want to make options of

it follow these steps

ManageDesign options tabdesign

options

Option setmain set; generally named as

headings (e.g. Roofs)

Optionoptions of option set (e.g. Curved

roof, flat roof)

Notice that you are in Main model and not in

any of the options

In the main model, select all the elements that make up the fundamental part of your building

Manageadd to set; add to options

Note: Now you cannot make any changes to the main model but only to the options

Select option1 (primary) and start making changes. After finishing, select option2 and start making changes


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If you want to compare a specific view, duplicate that view and press VG(visibility graphics). Under Design

options tab; select the options as required


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22.2 Phasing

It is used to show various phases of construction during design and construction. It is generally

used in Renovation projects where there are two stages

One is the existing(before demolition)

Another is the building after new construction (after demolition)

Managephasingphases

Initially two phases are already present- Existing and New construction

Insert new phases if required “before” or “after” the given phase

Note: phases once added cannot be deleted but only combined with another

Idea

First of all it is important to understand that phasing is a complete process of construction, demolition and further

construction.

Prepare the model of the old building

Demolish the elements according to the design plan

Select the elements and give proper information under “Phase created” and “phase demolished”

Steps

Allocate phases/making existing building as demolished

Select the elements (walls, roofs, floors,… ) which form the major structure

Instance propertiesphase createdexisting/new construction

Managephasingdemolish; start demolishing walls


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Click on Phases again to control the graphics override

After this step, we need to know the actual existing, to be demolished and new construction

Control views

Now that we have completed existing building and also demolished them, it is easy to understand how to control

views

IP of your view Phasing

Phase Select the phase you want to be in

Phase Filter: To show the desired phase

Start making changes, i.e. new construction

IPPhasingphase filtershow all

IPPhasingphaseExisting; start making changes

Note that the elements should have the phase “new

construction” (Select the elements and change the phase in

IP)

Important: After completion of new construction, Toggle

between views to view the ones as desired. The general phases

are: phases before demolition phase after demotion (Portion

of building left unchanged) and the new construction made.

However it is up to the user to define the phases.

final manual oct 2012 (2)

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