First Five

1.Complete the chart above.2.Give an example for each term.

Answers to First Five

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TopicsDiploid vs. HaploidMitosis vs. Meiosis

Asexual vs. sexual reproduction

2 Different types of cellsBODY CELLS (Somatic)

DIPLOID: Have 2 copies of each chromosome: one from mother and one from father 46 total in each body cell

SEX CELLS (Gametes) Examples: sperm and egg cells HAPLOID: Only have 1 copy of

each chromosome 23 in total

2 Different types of Cell Division

Body Cells (Somatic) Made by MITOSIS

Sex Cells (Gametes) Made by MEIOSIS

Mitosis• Creates two genetically identical

daughter cells • Chromosome number is maintained by

the exact duplication of chromosomes.

Inheritance - Meiosis• Half of the genetic information in a

cell is passed on to new cells • When the cells are preparing for

sexual reproduction.– The new cells are called gametes.

•Two types of gametes: egg and sperm

– Meiosis results in genetic variation

Meiosis• The original cell is diploid and the

daughter cells are haploid.1 diploid cell

4 unique haploid cells

MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS?

As we go through the following, identify whether the statement is describing mitosis or meiosis and write in the correct column

Mitosis Meiosis

1) Produces 2 cells

2) Occurs in somatic (body cells)

3) Has 2 separate divisions

4) In humans, produces cellswith 46 chromosomes

MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS?

1) Produces 2 cells - Mitosis2) Occurs in somatic (body cells)

- Mitosis3) Has 2 separate divisions

- Meiosis4) In humans, produces cells with

46 chromosomes - Mitosis

MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS?

5) New cells are different from each other

6) Produces new diploid cells

7) Cell divides only once

8) Produces 4 cells

MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS?

5) New cells are different from each other - Meiosis

6) Produces new diploid cells - Mitosis

7) Cell divides only once - Mitosis

8) Produces 4 cells - Meiosis

MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS?

9) Produces cells that are identical to each other

10) Produces haploid cells

11) Occurs in sex cells (gametes)

12) In humans, produces cells with 23 chromosomes

MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS?

9) Produces cells that are identical to each other - Mitosis

10) Produces haploid cells - Meiosis11) Occurs in sex cells (gametes)

- Meiosis12) In humans, produces cells with

23 chromosomes - Meiosis

MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS?

Quick Review

1)What type of cells does mitosis produce? How many chromosomes are in these cells?

2) What type of cells does meiosis produce? How many chromosomes are in these cells?

Cambridge Practice Question: Fill-in-the blanks Choose words from the list to complete each of the

spaces in the paragraph. Each word may be used once only and some words are not used all.

Allele diploid dominant gene haploid sexual heterozygous homozygous meiosis mitosis recessive

Cambridge Practice Question: Fill-in-the blanksAllele diploid dominant gene haploid sexual heterozygous homozygous meiosis mitosis recessive

In humans there is a condition known as cystic fibrosis. This is controlled by a single _1_which has two forms. One form causes cystic fibrosis while the other does not. Gametes are formed by _2_ which produces cells with only one copy of each chromosome, which means that they are _3_. When two humans reproduce, their gametes fuse at fertilization to form a _4_zygote. This is an example of _5_ reproduction.

Cambridge Practice Question: Fill-in-the blanksAllele diploid dominant gene haploid sexual heterozygous homozygous meiosis mitosis recessive

Neither of the two humans has cystic fibrosis but one of their three children does have the condition. This means that cystic fibrosis is controlled by a _6_allele and that each of the parents is _7_.

Mitosis and Meiosis are Related to ReproductionMitosis Asexual reproduction One parent makes

offspring that are genetically identical to itself and each other

Processes: Cloning, “budding” (e.g. in yeast), binary fission (e.g. in bacteria)

Meiosis

Sexual reproduction

TWO parents produce unique offspring

Asexual Reproduction ONE parent produces genetically identical

offspring. There are four main types of asexual

reproduction: Binary Fission Budding Vegetative Propagation Regeneration

http://az.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.repro.asexual/asexual-reproducers/

Examples of Asexual Reproduction

Binary fission

Budding

Examples of Asexual Reproduction

Vegetative propagation

Examples of Asexual Reproduction

Regeneration

Examples of Asexual Reproduction

Benefits of Asexual Reproduction Rapid population growth Requires less energy to reproduce All organisms are capable of reproduction (not

just the females of the species) One organism can make a whole population Less likely to become extinct Each offspring is a genetic copy of the parent

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction The primary disadvantage of asexual

reproduction is:THERE IS NO GENETIC DIVERSITY!

This means that a population of genetically identical organisms is more susceptible to disease and can’t adapt easily to a changing environment.

Sexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction requires two organisms. Happens when the two gametes (sex cells)

fuse together to create a new and genetically different offspring.

Stop and JotHow is Meiosis related to

Sexual Reproduction?

Advantages of Sexual Reproduction Creates more genetic

diversity in the offspring. More adaptability More variation Greater chance of mutation Greater chance of

survivability when faced with environmental change

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction It requires two individuals with opposing

gametes (sex cells). Organisms must use a lot of energy nourishing

and growing a new baby organism.

Comparing Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

Type ASEXUAL SEXUAL

Number of parents

What do offspring look like?

DNA

One parent 2 parents

Identical to parent

Same as parent

Different from parents but still

similar

Combined DNA of 2 parents

Asexual

Sexual

+DNA DNA DNA

DNA DNA

Sperm Egg Zygote

Asexual

Sexual

+DNA DNADNA

DNA DNA

or

DNADNA

DNA

DNA DNA

All offspring identical – no variation

All offspring different – considerable variation

or

Whiteboard Races

Asexual Sexual

1. Create a Venn Diagram on a large whiteboard2. Fill in as many similarities or differences as you can3. After 3 minutes, groups will rotate and add on to

each new group’s

Cambridge Practice Problems

This is due on FRIDAY (Maroon) or THURSDAY (Gold)

Classwork: Reproductive Strategies You will be assigned a group number, 1-6 On a computer, go to the class weebly You and your group will read about two

organisms: one that reproduces sexually and the other asexually

Record information in your table and be prepared to share with the class