fishing as the exploitation of a natural resorce by eskild kirkegaard, ices acom chair arvi...
TRANSCRIPT
Fishing as the exploitation of a natural resorceBy
Eskild Kirkegaard, ICES ACOM Chair
ARVI International Conference on the Future of Fisheries Vigo, 27 November 2014
Outline
A few words about ICES and the basis for ICES advice on fisheries
Summarize biological status of main stocks and their exploitation in the NE Atlantic,
Challenges for ICES
International Coiuncil for Exploration of the Sea (ICES)
Marine Science Cooperation since 1902;20 Member Countries; Intergovernmental Organisation
360 Institutes; A network of 4,000 scientists;1,600 scientists participating in activities annually;150 Expert Groups that address the many diverse
issues of marine ecosystems and ocean sustainability.
ICES advice
Based on the best data and science available from member countries, ICES runs Advisory Services:
To advise on the sustainable use of living marine resources and protection of the marine environment
Until 2009, ICES’ advice was based on the precautionary approach, extended by long-term considerations for maximising yield and considering ecosystem effects of the fishery.
In 2010, ICES started a formal implementation of the maximum sustainable yield-concept in its advice.
MSY – maximum sustainable yield
Stock Categories1 Stocks with an accepted analytical assessment and forecast for
MSYMSY approach
2 Stocks with an analytical assessment and forecast accepted for trends only
Developing MSY approach 2014
3 Stocks with survey-based assessments indicating trends Developing MSY approach 2014 - ?
4 Stocks with reliable time-series of catch data to approximate MSY
Developing MSY approach 2014 - ?
5 Only catch or landings available Risk based approach
6 Only landings available and largely discarded Risk based approach
• Each category has several available methods dependent on stock status.
Stock Categories
ICES provides advice for app. 260 stocks.1/3 of the stocks are in category 1 and 2 2/3 of the stock are in category 3 to 6
ICES harvest control ruleICES bases its MSY approach on attaining a fishing mortality rate at or below FMSY. In this approach, both fishing mortality and biomass reference points are used; these reference points are FMSY and BMSY-trigger. BMSY-trigger is a biomass reference point that triggers a cautious response. ICES approach does not include a MSY biomass target (BMSY).
ECOREGIONS
•Iceland and East Greenland Seas
•Barents Sea
•Faroe Plateau Ecosystem
•Norwegian Sea
• Celtic Sea and West of Scotland
• North Sea
• Bay of Biscay and Iberian Waters
• Baltic Sea
•Oceanic northeast Atlantic
Bay of Biscay & Iberia ecoregion
IBERIA (VIIIc, IXa):• Hake• Anglerfish (pisc.)• Anglerfish (budeg.)• Megrim (whiff.)• Megrim (bosc.)• Sardine• H. mackerel (IXa)
BAY OF BISCAY:• Sole• Anchovy
Nephrops• VIIIc, IXaN• IXaS• VIIIab
“New” stockswhiting
plaice sole pollack grey gurnard
sardine 7+8abd sea bass
Celtic Sea & West, Southwest Ireland
• Cod (VIIe-k) • Haddock (VIIb-k)• Whiting (VIIe-k)• Plaice (CS; VIIh-k; VIIbc)• Sole (CS; VIIh-k; VIIbc)• Northern hake• Anglerfish (VIIb-k, VIIIabd)• Megrim (VIIb-k, VIIIabd)• Nephrops (FUs 16-17-20-22)
Western Channel • Plaice (VIIe)• Sole (VIIe)
West of Scotland & Rockall
• Cod (VIa; VIb)• Haddock (VIa; VIb)• Whiting (VIa; VIb)• Anglerfish (IIIa,IV,VI)• Megrim (IVa-VIa; VIb)• Nephrops (FUs11-12-13)
Irish Sea • Cod• Haddock• Whiting• Plaice• Sole• Nephrops (FUs 14-15-19)
Celtic Seas ecoregion
Development in fishing mortality
General trends in fishing mortalityEU waters(42 stocks)
19471950
19531956
19591962
19651968
19711974
19771980
19831986
19891992
19951998
20012004
20072010
20130
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
PelagicDemersal
Development in average SSB
General trends in SSBEU waters
19911992
19931994
19951996
19971998
19992000
20012002
20032004
20052006
20072008
20092010
20112012
20130
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
Stock Categories1 Stocks with an accepted analytical assessment and forecast for
MSYMSY approach
2 Stocks with an analytical assessment and forecast accepted for trends only
Developing MSY approach 2014
3 Stocks with survey-based assessments indicating trends Developing MSY approach 2014 - ?
4 Stocks with reliable time-series of catch data to approximate MSY
Developing MSY approach 2014 - ?
5 Only catch or landings available Risk based approach
6 Only landings available and largely discarded Risk based approach
• Each category has several available methods dependent on stock status.