FLOCHARTFLOCHART

Principle of flowcharts Principle of flowcharts composition composition

A flowchart is a type of A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents diagram that represents an algorithm or process, an algorithm or process,

showing the steps as showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, boxes of various kinds,

and their order by and their order by connecting these with connecting these with

arrows.arrows.

This diagrammatic This diagrammatic representation can give a step-representation can give a step-

by-step solution to a given by-step solution to a given problem. problem.

Data flows are not typically Data flows are not typically represented in a flowchart, in represented in a flowchart, in

contrast with data flow diagrams; contrast with data flow diagrams; rather, they are implied by the rather, they are implied by the

sequencing of operations.sequencing of operations.

Flowcharts are used in Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, analyzing, designing,

documenting or managing a documenting or managing a process or program in various process or program in various

fields.fields.

Flowcharts are used in designing Flowcharts are used in designing and documenting complex and documenting complex

processes.processes.

Like other types of diagram, they help Like other types of diagram, they help visualizevisualize what is going on and thereby what is going on and thereby help the viewer to understand a help the viewer to understand a process, and perhaps also find flaws.process, and perhaps also find flaws.

The two most common types of The two most common types of boxes in a flowchart are:boxes in a flowchart are:

a processing step, usually called activity, a processing step, usually called activity, and denoted as a and denoted as a rectangular box;rectangular box;a decision, usually denoted as a diamond.a decision, usually denoted as a diamond.

Common alternate names includeCommon alternate names include::flowchart, flowchart, process flowchart, process flowchart, functional flowchart, functional flowchart, process map, process map, process chart, process chart, functional process chart, functional process chart, business process model, business process model, process model, process model, process flow diagram, process flow diagram, work flow diagram, work flow diagram, business flow diagram.business flow diagram.

Technological flowchart is the visual display of dosage

production. Technological flowchart (Process

flowsheet) - a sequence and description of all stages in manufacturing of a product.

ArrowsArrows

Showing "flow of control". Showing "flow of control". An arrow coming from one symbol and An arrow coming from one symbol and ending at another symbol represents ending at another symbol represents that control passes to the symbol the that control passes to the symbol the arrow points to.arrow points to.

Generic processing steps

Represented as rectangles.

Direct compressionDirect compression - a method - a method obtainingobtaining of tablets without granulation.of tablets without granulation.

Stages of Stages of Direct compression:Direct compression:

1. Mixing active and 1. Mixing active and auxiliaries substancesauxiliaries substances

2. Compressing tablets 2. Compressing tablets

Stages of wet granulation: Stages of wet granulation: 1. 1. Mixing components (drum mixer);Mixing components (drum mixer);2. Granulation: 2. Granulation:

Adding solutions of binders (moistening of Adding solutions of binders (moistening of powder)powder); ; Granulation of the moistened mass – obtaining Granulation of the moistened mass – obtaining of wet granules; of wet granules; Drying of wet granules; Drying of wet granules; Granulation of the dried granules; Granulation of the dried granules;

3. Powdering (dusting) of dry granules 3. Powdering (dusting) of dry granules 4. Compressing tablets and dust control (tablets 4. Compressing tablets and dust control (tablets

machine);machine);

Stages of Dry granulation:

1. 1. Mixing components (drum mixer);Mixing components (drum mixer);2. Granulation: 2. Granulation: Adding solutions of binders (moistening of Adding solutions of binders (moistening of

powder)powder); ; Drying of wet granules; Drying of wet granules; Granulation of the dried granules; Granulation of the dried granules; 3. Powdering ((dusting)of dry granules 3. Powdering ((dusting)of dry granules 4. Compressing tablets and dust control 4. Compressing tablets and dust control

(tablets machine).(tablets machine).

Stages of Briquetting (type of dry granulation) :

1. Mixing components;

2. Compressing of briquettes;

3. Milling of briquettes to granules ;

4. Separation granules on the fractions with certain size;

5. Compressing tablets and dust control;

Granulation in dragee panGranulation in dragee pan

Stages: Stages: 1.1. Mixing components Mixing components (medicinal and

auxiliary); 2.2. Moistening of powderMoistening of powder; ; 3.3. Drying wet binder and formation granules; Drying wet binder and formation granules; 4.4. Powdering granules; Powdering granules; 5.5. Compression tablets and dust control; Compression tablets and dust control; 6.6. Packing. Packing.

Granulation by spray drying Granulation by spray drying 1.1. Preparation suspension of the Preparation suspension of the

auxiliary and sometimes of auxiliary and sometimes of medicines substances; medicines substances;

2.2. Serving suspension throw nozzles in Serving suspension throw nozzles in camera of dryer and formation camera of dryer and formation granules under hire temperature; granules under hire temperature;

3.3. Fractionation granules; Fractionation granules; 4.4. Mixing granules and medicines Mixing granules and medicines

substances; substances; 5.5. Compression tablets and dust control. Compression tablets and dust control.

Stages of the granulation Stages of the granulation in the fluidized layer in the fluidized layer

1.1. Mixing components (medicinal Mixing components (medicinal and auxiliary); and auxiliary);

Moistening of powderMoistening of powder; ; Drying and formation of granules; Drying and formation of granules; Powdering of granules; Powdering of granules; Compression tablets and dust Compression tablets and dust

control; control; Packing.Packing.

Stage of capsules production:

1. Preparing of gelatin solutions.

2. Preparing of gelatin shells.

3. Hard-gelatin capsule filling.

4. Packing and labeling.

1. Preparing of gelatin solutions.

2. Preparing and filling of soft-gelatin capsules.

3. Packing and labeling.

Obtaining of gelatin solutions with stage of swelling1. Swelling of gelatin in cold water (15 - 18 °C, 1.5 -

2 hours).2. Dissolving of gelatin.3. Adding preservatives, plasticizers and others

excipients. 4. Remove of air bubbles from the solution of the

gelatin by the vacuum.5. Stabilization of solution of the gelatin (45-60 °C).

Obtaining of gelatin solutions without stage of swelling1. Heating of purified water (70-75 °C).

2. Dissolution of preservatives, plasticizers and others excipients in the water.

3. Dissolution of the gelatin.4. Remove of air bubbles from the solution of the

gelatin by a vacuum.5. Stabilization of the solution of the gelatin (45-60

°C).