fluidized bed combustion ashes of municipal solid waste • due to landfill regulations municipal...

Fluidized Bed Combustion Ashes of Municipal Solid Waste

Amon PURGARa,b

Petr PAVLIKa

Prof. Franz WINTERa

[email protected]

a) Institute of Chemical EngineeringGetreidemarkt 9/166, 1060 Vienna

b) Institute of Water Quality, Resources and Waste ManagementKarlsplatz 13/226, 1040 Vienna

Fluidized Bed Combustion Ashes of Municipal Solid [email protected]

1/20

mailto:[email protected]

• Introduction– municipal solid waste incineration and FBC in Austria– landfill regulations– importance of incineration

• Ashes– quantities and origin– physical and chemical properties– decontamination, recycling, utilization, disposal

• Summary


2/20

Fluidized Bed Combustors in Austriaindustrial sector number of

facilities

capacity range

min/max

installed

capacity

percentage

Pulp & Paper 8 13 – 133 MW 476 MW 47 %

Waste to Energy 7 3 – 110 MW 314 MW 31 %

Biomass heat‐

ant –power plants 3 47 – 66 MW 158 MW 16 %

Treatment of communal sewage sludge 5 1 – 20 MW 63 MW 6 %

total 23 1 – 133 MW 1.019 MW 100 %


3/20

Historical overview on Fluidized Bed Combustion in Austria

Installed thermal capacity within the industrial sectors pulp & paper (PP), waste to energy fluidized

bed(WTE), biomass heat‐

and –power plants (BHP) and treatment of communal sewage sludge (TCSS)

over time.


4/20

[A. Puragr, F. Winter, Chemie Ingenieur Technik, Volume 85, Issue 3, 2013]

• Reasons for Incineration– Directive 1999/31/EG on Landfill of Waste

– Article 5:– reduction of biodegradeable waste going to landfill

composting incineration

incineration

FBC grate furnace rotary kilns

– Austrian Acts– “Deponieverordnung”– TOC content 5 %– problem with plastics in msw


5/20

capacities: msw incinerationwithout co-combustion of msw, and without mono combustion of communal sewage sludge.

Capacities installed in thermal waste incineration in tons per year of municipal solid waste in Austria..

Without co‐combustion in industrial boilers and without mono combustion of communal sewage

sludge. FBC) Fluidized Bed Combustion [BAWP Austria 2011, Abfallverbrennung in Ö. 2006, Linz AG]


6/20

– An elaborate flue gas cleaning system is requiredEmission standards of msw incinerators

[mg/Nm³]based on 11%

O2

EU-directive 2000/76 on thermal waste treatment

Austrian regulation on thermal waste treatment

BGBl II 2002/389

half hour average

daily average

half hour average

daily average

Dust 10 10 10 10

CO 100 50 100 50

C-org. (TOC) 10 10 10 10

NOx 200 200 100 70

HCl 10 10 10 10

HF 2 1 0,7 0,5

SO2 50 50 50 50

Hg 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05


7/20

A)fluidized bed combustor; B) gravitational and/or centrifugal separators, C) dry flue gas cleaning, D) baghouse filter or electrostatic precipitator, E) wet scrubbers; F) selective catalytic reduction (SCR)

different ashes

bottom ash particle collector ashcyclon asheconomizer ash

baghousefilter ashesp ash

residues from the wet flue gas treatment


8/20

Air

Pollution

Control

residues

Classification of new generated waste flux:int. ash working group Austrian legal classification

Bottom Ash ash – slag from mswi (hazardous)

APC residiuesfly ash and dust from mswi (hazardous)

solid residues from mswi flue gas

cleaning system (hazardous)

Directive 1999/31/EG on Landfill of Waste

Article 4: classes of landfill

– inert waste– non hazardous waste– hazardous waste

standardscosts


9/20

new generated waste flux 2008, Austriaresidues(ref. to Austrian legal class.)

hazardoustons / year

non hazardoustons / year

stabilizedtons / year

ash – slag from mswi 0 356.400 k.a.

fly ash and dust from mswi 30.200 323.800 14.700

solid residues from mswi flue

gas cleaning system 3.700 2.200 1.755

[Abfallwirtschaftsplan, Austria, 2011]

[H. Ecke, Waste Management & research 2000, adapted from IAWG 1995]

grate furnace


10/20

Classification of ashes as non hazardous waste:

• total content- mercury, lead, TOC, dioxins, etc.

• water soluble contenttotal water soluble content- Pb, Cd, Hg, Zn, etc.


11/20


T /°C

FG path /m

200°C

850°C

400°C


12/20

temperature / °C

mas

s/ g

De-sublimation of different species in the flue gas path

[Dampferzeugerkorrosion; Manfred Born 2005]


13/20


T /°C

FG path /m

200°C

850°C

400°C

fly ash

Pb contenttotal water soluble

content


14/20


/m

fly ash

surfaceparticle size


15/20

leaching problem

s

e.g. lead content ,SiO2 content in different fly ashes of FBC and Grate


16/20

Decontamination/Stabilization of fly ash• reduction of hazardous material

separation of ash flows (~400°C)• thermal treatment

electric melting

burner melting

• wet chemical treatment

leaching (neutral, alkaline, acidic)

1‐10 % Zn0‐1 % Pb


17/20

Summary:

• Due to landfill regulations municipal solid waste incineration is an important technology in waste management.

• Fluidized bed combustion is an excellent technology to incinerate pre sorted municipal solid waste. It is often combined with the incineration of municipal sewage sludge.

• Because of the bed material attrition - mainly SiO2 - increased residues are a consequence. Naturally the total content of interfering material - e.g. lead - is reduced.

• Due to the varying fuel and the constructional differences between the waste incineration plants the residues from waste incineration are a complex matter.

• Along with the flue gas path the content of interfering material is increasing.


18/20

Acknowledgements:

• The present research is part of the Christian Doppler Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resources.

• The Austrian ministry for transport, innovation and technology (BMVIT) is funding the TU-vienna´s activities within the IEA - implementing agreement fluidized bed conversion.


19/20

Than you for your attention!

Amon PurgarVienna University of Technology

[email protected]


20/20

fluidized bed combustion ashes of municipal solid waste • due to landfill regulations municipal...

Documents