fmis annex b - report - hydrometeorological monitoring network jakarta - 10022013

8/9/2019 FMIS Annex B - Report - Hydrometeorological Monitoring Network Jakarta - 10022013

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Ministry of Public WorksDirectorate General of Water Resources

Directorate of Rivers and Coastals

December 2012

Flood Management Information System (FMIS) Study.Grant TF: Nr. 092649

Dinas PU DKIBBWS Ciliwung Cisadane

Integrated GOI-GON Delta approach

Jakarta Flood Management

Information System

FMIS and JFEWS

Towards flood early warning, planning and design

Deltares, HKV

PusAir, ITB, Royal HaskoningDHV

GOI WASAP WB

FMIS Annex B: Evaluation Monitoring Network


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Deltares, 2012

FMIS team

Re-evaluation of

hydrometeorological monitoring

network DKI Jakarta


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Prepared for:

Ministry of Public Works (PU)

Re-evaluation of

hydrometeorological monitoring

network DKI Jakarta

FMIS team

Report

December 2012

1206967


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Re-evaluation of hydrometeorological

monitoring network Jakarta1206967 December 2012

Annex B

Deltares, HKV, PusAir, ITB, Royal HaskoningDHV 1

Contents

1 Introduction .........................................................................................................2

2 Existing telemetric systems...............................................................................3

2.1 BBWS CilCis.............................................................................................3

2.2 DPU-DKI ...................................................................................................5

2.3 PusAir .......................................................................................................6

2.4 BMKG .......................................................................................................7

2.4.1 AWS .............................................................................................7

2.4.2 CMSS...........................................................................................82.4.3 Radar..........................................................................................10

2.5 Bakosurtanal...........................................................................................10

2.6 BPPT.......................................................................................................11

3 Recommendations for improved rainfall monitoring....................................13

3.1 General ...................................................................................................13

3.2 Evaluation of rainfall telemetric monitoring network andrecommendations for improvement of monitoring practice ....................13

4 Recommendations for improved water level monitoring.............................17

4.1 General ...................................................................................................17

4.2 Evaluation of water level telemetric monitoring network andrecommendations for improvement of monitoring practice ....................17

5 References .........................................................................................................22


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Annex B


1 Introduction

There are several governmental organisations which are responsible for monitoring

rainfall and water levels in the river basins of DKI Jakarta and therefore maintain a

hydrometeorological monitoring network (Table 1). Some of the monitoring stations

send data directly to a central database via a telemetry system. During the FHM2 study,

carried out late 2008, the hydrometeorological monitoring network operated within DKI

Jakarta was evaluated (Ogink and Muchni, 2009) and recommendations for

improvements were made including a proposal for new stations.

During recent floods the current monitoring system was not able to provide the data

required for providing an appropriate understanding to analyze and predict the impacts

on the water system due to data gaps and failures of the monitoring system. Therefore

the current monitoring system must be re-evaluated (Task 1B) and integrated with thedata information system. The resulting monitoring system will form the basis for a future

flood early warning system.

The current report links closely to the report on telemetry systems (Task 1A).

Organization Address

Sub direktorat hidrologi dan kualitas air, Dit.

BPSDA, Ditjen SDA.

Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum.

Jln. Pattimura No. 20 Kebayoran

Baru Jakarta Selatan

Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai (BBWS)

BBWS Ciliwung - Cisadane :

Jl. Inspeksi Saluran Tarum Barat

No. 58 Jakarta Timur, 13620

Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumber

Daya AirIr. Juanda No 193, Bandung

Badan Klimatologi, Meteorologi dan Geofisika

(BMKG)

Jl. Angkasa 1 No.2, Kemayoran,

Jakarta Pusat

Dinas PU DKI Jakarta

Jl. Taman Jatibaru No. 1 Cideng

Gambir Jakarta Pusat DKI Jakarta,

11430

Table 1 Governmental organisations maintaining hydrometeorological monitoring network within DKI

Jakarta.


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Annex B


2 Existing telemetric systems

There are several telemetry networks in Jakarta, managed by different organizations.The data from these networks is essential for early flood warning and therefore the data

connection should be reliable and robust. This chapter will focus on the characteristics

of the networks. For an overview of established data connections with Jakarta-FEWS

see Annex A.

In Ogink and Muchni (2009) the at that time (November 2008) existing telemetric

systems within DKI Jakarta have been described. The following sections have been

taken from this report and updated to the current (October 2012) situation.

2.1 BBWS CilCis

The Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung-Cisadane (BBWS CilCis) operates two

monitoring networks. The first one was implemented in 2003 by Greenspan, Australia. It

involved installation of new tipping buckets, make Hydrological Services, and extension

of the float type water level recorders with an incremental shaft encoder, whereas at

three location bubbler gauges were introduced. At each station a modem, data logger,

radio and power supply (either from main or by solar panels) were installed together

with antenna. The transmission is by means of radio using a frequency of 73 Khz. To

increase the performance of the telemetric system a booster was implemented in 2008

to improve reception performance from less than 60% to over 90%. A sampling

frequency of 15 minutes is applied but the transmission rate is once per 0.5 hr during

floods and else once per 1 hour. Two computers are used for retrieval and display.

Data from this radio operated telemetry system is stored on a server at the main office

of Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung-Cisadane at Cawang. The information is not

disseminated via FTP or website. For export to FEWS, a special program was made

that can make export files for the telemetry system. Therefore it regularly checks the

current database file with a previous version. Changes are being converted to PI-XML

data files. Via a modem communication with the Jakarta-FEWS server is established,

and the export files are being send to the J-FEWS.

An additional telemetry system (SEBA) was installed late 2010 for the East Banjir Canal

(BKT, Banjir Kanal Timur, only water levels with an hourly sampling frequency). The

system installed involved 9 water level stations for the BKT system and 1 water levelstation still in manual system (AWLR). The new telemetry system at BBWS were

located at Pondok Kelapa (Buaran River), Cipinang Hulu, Duta Kuranji (Cakung River),

Kampung Keramat (Sunter river at Upper Sunter), Kebonpala (Cipinang river), Pondok

Gede (Sunter river at Downstream Sunter), Malakasari (BKT), Ujungmenteng (BKT)

and Marunda (BKT) as well as Jatibening station at Jatikramat river using manual

system. At the start of the project, the BKT monitoring network is not actively

monitored. Data from the system were not automatically forwarded to the main office of

Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung-Cisadane at Cawang but needed to be

downloaded at the station itself after which they are stored at the main office. Because

a communication cable for reading the data loggers is missing, no data was available

since October 2011.


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Annex B


In the FMIS project the stations were provided with new SIM cards to establish an

automatic data connection. With the help of the provider of the SEBA system an

automatic data export was setup. The program for converting the telemetry data of the

old BBWS telemetry system was expended to take into account the SEBA data feed.

This resulted in an expanded export of BBWS telemetry data to J-FEWS.

The spatial distribution of the rainfall and water level telemetry stations is shown in

Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2, respectively, whereas details of the stations are provided in

Table 5 and Table 2. Currently, there are 15 active stations for water level

measurements, of which 7 do not have a live data feed, and 2 seem to be offline at the

moment. Of the 6 stations that do provide a live data feed 4 stations appear to measure

accurate water levels. There are 8 active rain gauges, of which 4 are actively sending

live data, however only 2 stations (Cilember and Cibinong) provide reliable rainfall

amounts.

Figure 2.1 Existing rainfall telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by BBWS CilCis. Different

colours indicate the current (31 October 2012) operational status and quality of the data. For

more details see Table 2.


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Annex B


Figure 2.2 Existing water level telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by BBWS CilCis. Different

colours indicate the current (31 October 2012) operational status and quality of the data. For

more details see Table 5.

In December 2012 an additional telemetry network was implemented, consisting of 11

rainfall stations and six water level stations. The stations were directly connected to theTech4Water database of PusAir, and will therefore be disclosed the same way as the

telemetry data from PusAir.

At the moment of writing there is no experience with the quality and frequency of the

new stations.

2.2 DPU-DKI

The telemetric system of Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta

(DPU-DKI) was set up in 2005 by Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung-Cisadane and

was shifted to DPU-DKI in 2006-2007, who started operation in December 2007. Thetelemetric network is actually a manual network: water levels are hourly measured by

the station operator and reported by radio. At POSKO PU-DKI the water levels are

stored in an Excel sheet. Data of 14 water level stations can be obtained from the

website http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/data_pantauan/ .The resolution of the data on the

website is 5 or 10 cm. At the moment the data from the website is automatically

collected by Jakarta-FEWS.

The spatial distribution of the water level telemetry stations is shown in Figure 2.3

whereas details of the stations are provided in Table 5. Currently there are 14 active

stations for water level measurements, of which 2 stations do not have a reliable water

level measurement.
http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/data_pantauan/http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/data_pantauan/http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/data_pantauan/


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Annex B


Figure 2.3 Existing water level telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by DPU-DKI. Different

colours indicate the current (31 October 2012) operational status and quality of the data. Note

that not all stations are shown on the map since at the moment still some coordinates are

unknown. For more details see Table 5.

PU-DKI is also implementing a new automatic telemetric system. It is unknown what

locations are incorporated. At the time of writing, data from three stations was collected

2.3 PusAir

Tech4Water is the telemetry system of PusAir, set up since late 2011, except for

Gunung Mas station begin since April 2009, Katu Lampa station begin since late 2010

and has mainly a research purpose. Telemetry system was developed in cooperation

PusAir between PT. INTI and using GSM system to sending data from filed to data

center (server). Generally, types of equipment used Tech4Water are typing bucket for

rainfall station and transducer for water level. Currently, the Tech4Water telemetry

system in the DKI Jakarta area consists of 1 water level and 6 rainfall stations using a

sampling frequency of 5 minutes. The spatial distribution of the rainfall stations is shownin Figure 2.4. The water level measurement location is at Katu Lampa. The

measurement data are send in csv format to the Jakarta-FEWS ftp server where the

data are automatically imported and subsequently archived in daily zip files. Data of the

stations can also be obtained from the website: http://www.tech4water.com.

Unfortunately, at the moment none of the rainfall stations provide reliable rainfall

amounts.
http://www.tech4water.com./http://www.tech4water.com./http://www.tech4water.com./


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Annex B


Figure 2.4 Existing rainfall telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by DPU-DKI. Different colours

indicate the current (31 October 2012) operational status and quality of the data. For more

details see Table 2.

2.4 BMKG

BMKG operates 2 automatic rainfall networks.

2.4.1 AWS

The Automatic Weather Station Network of BMKG has eight stations in the area of DKI

Jakarta (Figure 2.5), which measure several meteorological parameters. The rain

measurements of these stations seem very unreliable. The data contain lot of gaps and

are not validated. Data from the AWS is collected from the website of BMKG

(http://aws-online.bmg.go.id/bmg/aws/index.php) and currently there is no direct

connection with Jakarta-FEWS.
http://aws-online.bmg.go.id/bmg/aws/index.phphttp://aws-online.bmg.go.id/bmg/aws/index.php


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Annex B


Figure 2.5 Existing AWS stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by BMKG. Different colours indicate the

current (31 October 2012) operational status and quality of the data. For more details see

Table 2.

2.4.2 CMSS

A total of 9 synoptic stations are operated in the DKI Jakarta area (Figure 2.6) with

rainfall being measured every 3 hours. The manual measurements and observations

are entered in synoptic code

(http://weather.unisys.com/wxp/Appendices/Formats/SYNOP.html)

and automatically send by CMSS via the VSAT satellite to the database at BMKG. The

data are also send directly to the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). The

synoptic data reports from the stations can be downloaded from the WMO website

(http://www.ogimet.com/synops.phtml.en) and need to be decoded into actual rainfall

totals before they can be of use. An example of a synoptic report is provided in Figure

2.7. At the moment there is no direct datafeed from these stations yet to Jakarta-FEWS.A PERL script is available (http://metaf2xml.sourceforge.net/) which should be able to

convert the synoptic code, but considering the time frame of the project this could not

be implemented.
http://weather.unisys.com/wxp/Appendices/Formats/SYNOP.htmlhttp://www.ogimet.com/synops.phtml.enhttp://metaf2xml.sourceforge.net/http://metaf2xml.sourceforge.net/http://www.ogimet.com/synops.phtml.enhttp://weather.unisys.com/wxp/Appendices/Formats/SYNOP.html


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Annex B


Figure 2.6 Existing synoptic stations (CMSS) in the DKI Jakarta area operated by BMKG. Different colours

indicate the current (31 October 2012) operational status and quality of the data. For more

details see Table 2.

Figure 2.7 Example of synoptic report which can be downloaded from

http://www.ogimet.com/synops.phtml.en
http://www.ogimet.com/synops.phtml.enhttp://www.ogimet.com/synops.phtml.en


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Annex B


2.4.3 Radar

BMKG currently operates several radar systems in Indonesia of which one is located inthe DKI Jakarta area in Tangerang. The radar data can be seen on the website

http://radar.bmkg.go.id/bmkg2/, but unfortunately are not yet available in a format which

can be imported into Jakarta-FEWS. It is expected that the radar data become available

in NetCDF format by the end of 2012, early 2013 after which these data should be

incorporated into the Jakarta-FEWS system.

2.5 Bakosurtanal

Bakosurtanal has some water level stations in operation, of which one is located at

Sunda Kelapa. This station provides water levels with a one-minute interval. There are

two sensors (see pictures below), which are both not located in a stilling well. Therefore

the measurements are highly influenced by waves and other distortions. Within J-FEWS

the water levels are aggregated to 10 minute interval, partly eliminating the noise.

Figure 2.8 Two sensors at station Sunda Kelapa.

One of the two sensors shows a clear case of sensor drift: the measured water levels

are increasing continuously. This is shown in Figure 2.9, where the measured water

levels are plotted next to the water levels calculated with astronomical tide components.

The data from these two sensors of Bakosurtanal are automatically exported by FTP to

the J-FEWS server. The FTP-script is maintained by Bakosurtanal.
http://radar.bmkg.go.id/bmkg2/http://radar.bmkg.go.id/bmkg2/


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Annex B


Figure 2.9 Water levels measured by sensor (red) and in blue the astronomical tide

2.6 BPPT

BPPT operates one radar station, located in Tangeran. This station covers a large part

of West-Java, including the whole Jabodetabek area. It is therefore a good source for

spatial rainfall information, although it is not known how accurate rainfall volumes are.

To get a feeling about its quality, a comparison was made (see Annex A) which showed

that most rainfall was detected. Because of lack of reliable information on rainfall

volumes for the study period, only for two locations an indication for a correction factor

could be found.

BPPT stores the latest radar image on a webserver, with a frequency of six minutes. On

the J-FEWS server a program is installed that runs every five minutes and generates a

FEWS import file from the file on the webserver. The radar images are not always

updated, some periods are missing. Therefore this source is not completely reliable.


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Annex B


Figure 2.10 Radar image in J-FEWS showing the approximate extent of the image.


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Annex B


3 Recommendations for improved rainfall monitoring

3.1 General

Rainfall is typically measured using a standard rain gauge sometimes accompanied by

an automatic raingauge, be it a tipping bucket (make Hydrological Services, Figure 3.1)

connected to a telemetric system or a Thies syphon type (Figure 3.2) registering rainfall

on paper which is changed once a week.

Figure 3.1 Tipping bucket rain gauge at Pasar Baru (Photo by: Henk Ogink)

Figure 3.2 Thies make syhon type autographic rainfall recorder at Balai Besar Headquarters Jakarta (Photoby: Henk Ogink)

3.2 Evaluation of rainfall telemetric monitoring network and recommendationsfor improvement of monitoring practice

In Table 2 rainfall monitoring locations operated in DKI Jakarta are listed and its

distribution shown in Figure 3.3. In total 31 rainfall stations with telemetric connections

have been identified in the project area of 1406 km2.


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Annex B


Figure 3.3 Existing and new rainfall telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by BBWS CilCis,

BMKG and PusAir. Different colours indicate the current (31 October 2012) operational status

of the stations and the quality of the data. For more details see Table 2.

No. Name Instrument Organization Status X_WGS84 Y_WGS84

1 Cibinong TB + ARG BBW S CilCis ok 106.856417 - 6.460467

2 Cilember TB + ARG + SRG BBW S CilCis ok 106.914967 -6.652917

3 Depok TB (Sutron) + SRG BBW S CilCis broken 106.832100 -6.400500

4 Desa Bojongmurni BBW S CilCis planned 2012 106.894290 -6.697860

5 Gadog BBW S CilCis planned 2012 106.869160 -6.6534706 Jembatan Panus BBW S CilCis planned 2012 106.832110 -6.400540

7 Kampung Klapa BBW S CilCis planned 2012 106.814350 -6.455730

8 Kantor BBWS Cilcis BBW S CilCis planned 2012 106.869400 -6.241840

9 Kantor Graita Kemensos BBW S CilCis planned 2012 106.816900 -6.519910

10 Manggarai TB + TB (Sutron) BBW S CilCis no good data 106.848650 -6.207500

11 Pasar Baru TB BBW S CilCis no longer live data feed 106.628367 -6.159250

12 Puskesmas Kemang BBW S CilCis planned 2012 106.814930 -6.279260

13 Ranca Bungur BBW S CilCis no longer live data feed 106.680081 -6.436062

14 Rawa Gede BBW S CilCis planned 2012 106.973050 -6.671370

15 Rumah Pompa Kalideres BBW S CilCis planned 2012 106.701300 -6.158180

16 Sawangan TB BBW S CilCis no good data 106.771767 -6.397250

17 Situ Gintung BBW S CilCis no live data feed yet 106.76424 -6.30023

18 Situ Lengkong Barang BBW S CilCis planned 2012 106.726260 -6.464630

19 Situ Pamulang BBW S CilCis planned 2012 106.722990 -6.342990

20 Situ Parigi BBW S CilCis planned 2012 106.696750 -6.281570

21 Bekasi TB BMKG no good data 107.012617 -6.257067

22 Ciganjur TB BMKG no good data 106.799017 -6.344317

23 Kelapa Gading TB BMKG no good data 106.913583 -6.166633

24 Manggarai TB (Casella) + SRG BMKG no good data 106.848733 -6.207483

25 Pulomas TB BMKG no good data 106.880883 -6.166667

26 Tomang Barat TB BMKG no good data 106.780033 -6.166700

27 Curug TB BMKG no good data 106.555450 -6.254117

28 Pondok Betung TB (Jinyang Industrical Co - Ltd) + number of ARG + SRG BMKG no good data 106.751083 -6.261183

29 Budiarto-Curug TB BMKG ok 106.555450 -6.25411730 Pondok Betung TB (Jinyang Industrical Co - Ltd) + number of ARG + SRG BMKG no good data 106.751083 -6.261183

31 Atang Sanjaya BMKG ok 106.900000 -6.550000

32 Citeko TB (Jinyang Industrical Co - Ltd) + ARG BMKG ok 106.935017 -6.698133

33 Dermaga SRG BMKG ok 106.750000 -6.572217

34 Halim BMKG doubtful, requires additional validation 106.900000 -6.250000

35 Kemayoran TB (Jinyang Industrical Co - Ltd) + number of ARG + SRG BMKG ok 106.840867 -6.155650

36 Tanjung Priok TB BMKG ok 106.866700 -6.100000

37 Cengkareng BMKG ok 106.650000 -6.116700

38 Bekasi PusAir no good data 107.00382 -6.25611

39 Buaran TB PusAir no good data 106.92099 -6.24738

40 Gunung Mas TB PusAir no good data 106.96700 -6.70914

41 Jatiasih TB PusAir no good data 106.95042 -6.32028

42 Cibubur TB PusAir no good data 106.91056 -6.4032

43 PT. Indolakto TB PusAir no good data 106.87200 -6.34004

Table 2 List of existing and planned rainfall telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by BBWS-

CilCis, BMKG and PusAir. SRG = standard rain gauge; ARG = Thies Syphon type - unless

otherwise stated; TB = tipping bucket (Hydrological Services) - unless otherwise stated.

Indicated as well the operational status of the stations and the data quality per 31 October

2012. In purple, locations indicated where different organizations have a measurement

station.


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Annex B


Of these 31 stations, currently only 19 have a live data feed to Jakarta-FEWS of which

only 2 show reliable rainfall amounts. This is illustrated by a basic validation test over

the first 9 months of 2012 (Table 3). In this table monthly rainfall totals are shown for

some of the available telemetry stations. No effort was made to carry out this basic

validation for the AWS stations of BMKG, due to many data gaps (Figure 3.4).

For the period October 2002 September 2012 BMKG provided decoded rainfall totals

for the 9 stations in the DKI Jakarta area. These data were subjected to a basic

validation which revealed that the Pondok Betung station has not been working properly

from the start (Table 4).

StationName Organization Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

Cibinong BBWS Cilcis 266 479 168 300.5 339 116 50.5 34 58.5

Cilember BBWS Cilcis 392.5 480.5 206.5 367 146 137 66 78.5 133.5

Manggarai BBWS Cilcis 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0

Sawangan BBWS Cilcis 255 440.5 149 495.607 21 0 0 0 0

Pasar Baru BBWS Cilcis 128 66 7 17.5 11 0 0 0 0

Ranca Bungur BBWS Cilcis 0.5 537.5 116.5 601 79.5 0 0 0 0

Buaran PusAir 720.5 7973 8299 2085 12.5 55 1.5 0 18.5Cibubur PusAir 106 198.5 100 155 68 27.5 78 0.5 34

Indolakto PusAir 67.5 218 127 158.5 67 85 59.5 2 17

Jatiasih PusAir 146.5 81 76 51 12.5 36.5 4 119.5 10

Table 3 Monthly rainfall totals for some telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area. In red indicated obvious

unreliable rainfall amounts. In orange doubtful rainfall totals which require further validation

with manual rain gauges.

Figure 3.4 Data from the AWS stations in Jakarta-FEWS: a lot of data is missing.

StationName WMO id 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Budiarto-Curug 96739 2618.1 2386.2 3389.1 2103.2 3926.6 3656.7 3052.4 4611.6 3051.6

Pondok Betung 96733 0 0 0 8.5 0 0 482.8 1241 309.2

Atang Sanjaya 96755 620 1807.4 1466 341 1924.4 2411.2 1919.8 3357.9 2106.6

Citeko 96751 4197.5 4141.9 5192.1 3837.2 5441.3 5026.2 5854.5 7331 3646.8

Dermaga 96753 35.4 1055.7 2719.7 1626.3 2331.8 2759.9 2255.8 2907.2 1572.7

Halim 96747 0 1237.2 2008.9 301 1276.5 1363.1 1628.4 767.7 1095.5

Kemayoran 96745 1890.5 1449.3 849.6 1188.2 3486.4 3413.3 3053.3 4340.4 2073.9

Tanjung Priok 96741 1698.7 1814.2 2503.2 1369.5 2764.6 2826.6 2399.7 4064.3 1790.3

Cengkareng 96749 1293.9 2436.3 3249.1 2233.2 2528.6 2695.2 2364.8 3904.8 1695

Table 4 Annual rainfall totals for the synoptic telemetry stations (CMSS) in the DKI Jakarta area operated by

BMKG. In red indicated obvious unreliable rainfall amounts. In orange doubtful rainfall totals

which require further validation with manual rain gauges.


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Annex B


During field visits in November 2008, all rain gauges in the DKI Jakarta project area

operated by BBWS CilCis, DPU-DKI and BMKG were visited (Muchni and Ogink, 2009).

Based on the findings during these field visits the following recommendations weremade to improve the operation of the rainfall monitoring network:

1. Improve the approaches to the gauging stations. Rain gauges have been

placed in antennas out of reach for inspection or put on the roof of equipment

housing without availability of a ladder.

2. The correct functioning of the tipping bucket and siphon type rain gauges

should be regularly checked and its record should regularly be compared with

standard rain gauge records. Funnels and scoops should be regularly cleaned

and clocks of autographic recorders should be regularly checked to avoid

monitoring data with a wrong time label which would lead to errors when the

data are used to assess concentration times or catchment response times.3. Rainfall catch should be improved by removing trees placed too close to the

rainfall gauges.

During the current project there was no time to re-visit the previously visited stations

and visit the newly installed stations, but a quick assessment of the quality of the rainfall

telemetry station data suggests there are still many issues with automatic rainfall

measurements. 4 out of 6 stations operated by BBWS CilCis still send a signal but

rainfall amounts are always zero, the same is true for the AWS stations for BMKG.

Obviously, these stations need to be visited as soon as possible and investigated why

the instruments do not properly measure rainfall.

For 2012, PusAir has written a plan for installation of additional rainfall telemetrystations (PusAir, 2012). These stations were also implemented in 2012. The new

stations are shown in Figure 3.3 as well. With the addition of these 12 planned stations

spatial coverage is considered sufficient (not including the 4 stations which are at the

same location, 1 station per 43 km2, equivalent to a circular area with a radius of 3.7

km) for Jakarta-FEWS, providing existing problems are fixed, the planned and existing

stations are maintained properly and data feeds are reliable. To realise this station

coverage however, it is still needed to connect the CMSS station data to Jakarta-

FEWS. Also supposedly existing DPU-DKI telemetry rainfall stations should be

connected.

The Jakarta-FEWS system relies mainly on telemetry data feeds. For quick

assessments on quality of the telemetry data feeds and to quickly identify if telemetry

stations malfunction and need inspection it is useful to also include manual rainfall

gauge measurements in the Jakarta-FEWS system. It is therefore recommended that in

addition to the telemetry data feeds for each of the stations also an SMS service is

started for which the daily rain gauge measurements are also communicated on a daily

basis to a central source where it can be imported into Jakarta-FEWS.


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Annex B


4 Recommendations for improved water levelmonitoring

4.1 General

Water level is typically measured using a staff gauge often accompanied by an

automatic water level recorder (AWLR) of the float (Figure 4.1) or bubbler type, which is

sometimes connected to a telemetric system.

Figure 4.1 Automatic water level gauging station Marga Satwa on Krukut with Ott type autographic water

level recorder (Photo by: Henk Ogink)

4.2 Evaluation of water level telemetric monitoring network andrecommendations for improvement of monitoring practice

In Table 5 water level monitoring locations operated in DKI Jakarta are listed and their

distribution shown in Figure 4.2. In total 30 water level stations with telemetric

connections have been identified in the project area. Of these 30 stations, currently 21

have a live data feed to Jakarta-FEWS of which 16 appear to have a good signal and

measure reliable water levels.

During field visits in November 2008, all water level stations in the DKI Jakarta project

area operated by BBWS CilCis and DPU-DKI were visited (Ogink and Muchni, 2009).

Based on findings during these field visits the following recommendations were made toimprove the operation of the water level monitoring network:

1. Improve the approaches to the gauging stations. Staff gauges were sometimes

positioned awkwardly and could only be read from the other side of the river

bank.

2. Staff gauges at all stations should be reviewed and when defect or not readable

be replaced. Some AWLRs were not accompanied by a staff gauge, or were of

insufficient length and often not readable from the gauging site. This makes

checking of the stilling well connection cumbersome if not impossible.

3. For sediment rich rivers float type recorders should be replaced by pressure

transducer or bubbler type gauges. Due to the large sediment concentrations in


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the rivers basically all float type gauges were malfunctioning or not functioning

at all at the time of flood, mainly due to blockage of the stilling well.

4. Observers should be properly instructed to inspect the connection between the

stilling well and the river on a daily basis.

5. Clocks of autographic recorders should be regularly checked to avoidmonitoring data with a wrong time label which would lead to errors when the

data are used to assess concentration times or catchment response times.

6. With the use of the hydraulic model the discharge rating curves of all locations

should upgraded.

Figure 4.2 Existing and planned water level telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by BBWS

CilCis, DPU-DKI and PusAir. Different colours indicate the current (31 October 2012)

operational status and the quality of the data. Note that not all stations are shown on the map

since at the moment still some coordinates are unknown. For more details see Table 5.


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No. N ame River Instrument Organization Status _WGS84 Y_WGS84

1 Pamulang Angke BBWS CilCis planned 2012 106.705380 -6.315950

2 Rawa Buaya Angke BBWS CilCis planned 2012 106.736817 -6.169867

3 Buaran Buaran float AWLR + staff gauge BBWS CilCis no live data feed 106.921000 -6.2473804 Cakung Cakung float AWLR + staff gauge BBWS CilCis no live data feed 106.967000 -6.230820

5 Depok Ciliwung bubbler AWLR + staff gauge BBWS CilCis no good data 106.831800 -6.4004836 Kampung Klapa Ciliwung BBWS CilCis planned 2012 106.814350 -6.455730

7 Katu Lampa Ciliwung float AWLR + staff gauge BBWS CilCis ok 106.838533 -6.6336838 Manggarai Hulu Ciliwung bubbler AWLR + staff gauge BBWS CilCis no good data 106.848650 -6.207500

9 MT Haryono Ciliwung float AWLR + staff gauge BBWS CilCis ok 106.862433 -6.242717

10 Sugu Tamu Ciliwung BBWS CilCis planned 2012 106.841380 -6.374420

11 Cipinang Hilir Cipinang float AWLR + staff gauge BBWS CilCis no live data feed 106.880000 -6.261110

12 Cipinang Hulu Cipinang float AWLR + staff gauge BBWS CilCis no live data feed 106.873000 -6.339720

13 Malaka Sari East Banjir Canal BBWS CilCis no live data feed 106.929000 -6.228520

14 Ujung Menteng East Banjir Canal BBWS CilCis no live data feed 106.972000 -6.181230

15 Jatibening Kali Jatikramat BBWS CilCis planned 201216 Bendungan Hilir Krukut BBWS CilCis planned 2012 106.816333 -6.215444

17 Ragunan Krukut BBWS CilCis planned 2012 106.807950 -6.311310

18 Kebon Jeruk Pesanggrahan float AWLR BBWS CilCis no longer live data feed 106.762800 -6.197617

19 Sawangan Pesanggrahan float AWLR BBWS CilCis ok 106.771767 -6.397250

20 Tanah Kusir Pesanggrahan float AWLR BBWS CilCis no longer live data feed 106.768700 -6.254933

21 Sunter Hilir Sunter f loat AWLR + staff gauge BBWS CilCis no live data feed 106.893617 -6.223133

22 Manggarai Hilir West Banjir Canal bubbler AWLR BBWS CilCis ok 106.848650 -6.207500

23 Ciledug Indah Angke f loat AWLR DPU-DKI no good data 106.696000 -6.222233

24 Depok Ciliwung bubbler AWLR DPU-DKI ok 106.831800 -6.400483

25 Katu Lampa Ciliwung bubbler AWLR DPU-DKI ok 106.838533 -6.633683

26 Manggarai Hulu Ciliwung bubbler AWLR DPU-DKI ok 106.848650 -6.207500

27 Cipinang Hulu Cipinang DPU-DKI ok

28 Pasar Ikan Coast/Java Sea bubbler AWLR + staff gauge DPU-DKI ok 106.809333 -6.126817

29 Ciganjur Krukut f loat AWLR DPU-DKI ok 106.798917 -6.344000

30 Pesanggrahan Pesanggrahan DPU-DKI ok

31 Waduk Pluit Reservoir DPU-DKI ok 106.797000 -6.117863

32 Pondok Ranggon Sunter f loat AWLR DPU-DKI ok 106.920917 -6.317983

33 Pulo Gadung Sunter f loat AWLR DPU-DKI ok 106.905500 -6.188333

34 Sunter Selatan Sunter f loat AWLR DPU-DKI ok

35 Sunter Utara Sunter DPU-DKI ok 106.896717 -6.17823636 Karet Barrage West Banjir Canal DPU-DKI no good data

37 Katu Lampa Ciliwung transducer PusAir no good data 106.83856 -6.63369

Table 5 List of existing and planned water level telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by

BBWS CilCis, DPU-DKI, and PusAir. Indicated as well the operational status of the stations

per 31 October 2012 and the quality of the data. Some of the stations are still lacking a

coordinate whereas Manggarai Hilir and Hulu currently have the same coordinate (indicated

with purple background). In purple, locations indicated where different organizations have a

measurement station. In light blue stations visi ted and evaluated in November 2008 (Ogink

and Muchni, 2009).

During the current project there was no time to re-visit the previously visited stations

and visit the newly installed stations, but a quick assessment of the quality of the water

level data shows that in general the monitoring data are hardly checked nor validated.

Lots of errors were encountered during data inspection such as sensor drift (Figure

4.3), inverse hydrographs (Figure 4.4), temporary spikes (Figure 4.5), etc. To be of use

in flood early warning these errors should be corrected as soon as possible.

Figure 4.3 Example of an uncorrected sensor fault at a BBWS CilCis station (Pasar Baru), resulting inincorrect water levels.


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Figure 4.4 Example of inverse hydrograph (Sawangan), compared to a downstream station (Tanah Kusir).

Figure 4.5 A spike in the measured water levels at Waduk Pluit (DPU-DKI), suggesting the data is notautomatically validated and corrected.

For the stations with a malfunctioning data feed these need to be visited as soon as

possible and data connections restored, and when sensors are malfunctioning

replaced.

For 2012, PusAir has written a plan for installation of additional water level telemetry

stations (PusAir, 2012). Planned stations are shown in Figure 4.2 as well. With the

addition of the 7 planned stations all important rivers and canals are sufficiently

monitored and considered sufficient for Jakarta-FEWS, providing existing problems are

fixed, the new and existing stations are maintained properly and data feeds are reliable.


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The Jakarta-FEWS system relies mainly on telemetry data feeds. For quick

assessments on quality of the telemetry datafeeds and to quickly identify if telemetry

stations malfunction and need inspection it is useful to also include manual staff gauge

measurements in the Jakarta-FEWS system. It is therefore recommended that in

addition to the telemetry data feeds for each of the stations also an SMS service isstarted for which on a daily basis the manual staff gauge readings are also

communicated to a central source where it can be imported into Jakarta-FEWS.


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5 References

Ogink HJM, Muchni M (2009). Jakarta flood early warning system - Telemetric system.

Delft Hydraulics report Q4742

PusAir (2012). Hasil survey pos hidrologi untuk Flood Early Warning System BBWS

Ciliwung-Cisadane.

fmis annex b - report - hydrometeorological monitoring network jakarta - 10022013

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