frag & run on; ramage chapter 3

7/29/2019 Frag & run on; Ramage Chapter 3

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ENG 102

Fragments, Run – ons

Ramage Chapter 3

1 PM



Epic Rap Battles of History

How is this clip an example of a classical

argument?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3w2MTXBebg






Fragments

A sentence is a group of words that has three elements:

Subject

Verb

And a Complete thought

A fragment seems to be a complete sentence but itlacks either a

Subject

Verb

Or a complete thought.



Fragments

What are the two basic ways to correct sentence

fragments?

Add what is missing (subject, verb, or both)

Attach fragment to sentence before or after it



Fragments

What are the five trouble spots that signal possible

fragments?

A word group that begins with a(n)

Preposition



Spotting FragmentsA word group that begins with a preposition

I pounded as hard as I could. Against the door.

*correct by joining*

I pounded as hard as I could against the door.



Spotting Fragments


fragments?


Preposition

Dependent word



Spotting FragmentsA word group that begins with a dependent word

Since I moved. I have eaten out every day.

Common Dependent words: after, although, as/as if/ asthough, because, before, how, once, since, that, unless,

while, until, etc.

*Correct by joining*

Since moving, I have eaten out every day.



Spotting Fragments


fragments?


Preposition

Dependent word

“-ing” verb form



Spotting FragmentsA word group that begins with an “-ing” form verb

I ran as fast as I could. Hoping to get there on time.

*Correct by joining*I was running as fast as I could, hoping to get there

on time.

*correct by adding missing elements*I was running as fast as I could. I was still hoping to

get there on time.



Spotting Fragments


fragments?


Preposition

Dependent word


“to” and a verb



Spotting FragmentsA word group that begins with “to” and a verb

Cheri got underneath the car. To change the oil.

*correct by joining*Cheri got underneath the car to change the oil.

To change the oil, Cheri got underneath the car.

*correct by adding elements*Cheri got underneath the car. She needed to change

the oil.



Spotting Fragments


fragments?


Preposition

Dependent word


“to” and a verb

an example or explanation



Spotting Fragments

Word groups that are examples or explanations

Freecycle.com recycles usable items. Such as clothing.

*correct by joining*

Freecycle.com recycles usable items such as clothing.



Ex. 3.1 Sentence Fragments

1. There are older and more valuable manuscripts.

Than the Voynich.

There are older and more valuable manuscripts than

the Voynich.

2. However, there is none more mysterious. The

Voynich still puzzling scholars many years after its

discovery.However, there is none more mysterious. The Voynich

is still puzzling scholars many years after its

discovery.




3. This manuscript was written in a code. So far

unable to solve it.

This manuscript was written in a code. So far no one

has been able to solve it.

4. Because the origins of the manuscript are unclear;

the puzzle is doubly difficult.

Because the origins of the manuscript are unclear, thepuzzle is doubly difficult.




5. No one knows. What country it came from.

No one knows what country it came from.

6. Therefore, it very hard to determine the language

the code represents. This makes decoding it even

more troublesome.

Therefore, it is very hard to determine the language

the code represents. This makes decoding it evenmore troublesome.




7. Handwriting specialists can only guess at its age. It

may date back to the Middle Ages.

correct

8. The writing does not resemble. Any letters that can

be traced to a known alphabet.

The writing does not resemble any letters that can be

traced to a known alphabet.




9. The manuscript which contains many beautiful

illustrations. Of plants, people, and other seemingly

unrelated images.

The manuscript contains many beautiful illustrations. Itdepicts plants, people, and other seemingly

unrelated images.




10. Because the Voynich manuscript is such an

intriguing mystery. That some scholars might

actually be disappointed to learn all of its secrets.

The Voynich manuscript is such an intriguing mysterythat some scholars might actually be disappointed to

learn all of its secrets.



Run-ons



Run-Ons

1. What’s another name for a sentence?

Independent clause

2. What term describes two complete sentences

joined without any punctuation?

Fused sentence

All of us went to the movies Jack and Joan did not

stay long.



Run-Ons


joined without any punctuation?

Fused sentence

All of us went to the movies Jack and Joan did not

stay long.


joined by only a comma?Comma splice

All of us went to the movies, Jack and Joan did not

stay long.



Run-Ons

4. What are the five ways to correct run-ons?

Add a period

All of us went to the movies. Jack and Joan did not

stay long.Add a semicolon

All of us went to the movies; Jack and Joan did notstay long.

Add a semicolon, a conjunctive adverb, and acomma

All of us went to the movies; however, Jack and

Joan did not stay long.



Run-Ons

4. What are the five ways to correct run-ons?

Add a comma and a coordinating conjunction

All of us went to the movies, but Jack and Joan did

not stay long.

Add a dependent word

Although all of us went to the movies, Jack and

Joan did not stay long.



Week 3

Write three sentence fragments.

Write three comma-splice run-ons. Write three

fused run-ons.

Grammar Tasks



Ramage Chapter 3



What is the classical structure of an

argument?

Introduction

Attention grabber

Memorable scene, illustrative story, startling statistic

Explanation of issue and needed background

Thesis




argument?

Presentation of writer’s position

Main body of essay

Presents & supports each reason in turn

Each reason is tied to a value/belief held by the

audience




argument?

Summary of opposing views

Response to opposing views

Refutes opposing views

Shows weaknesses in opposing views

Concedes to some strengths




argument?

Conclusion

Summarizes argument

Leaves strong last impression

Calls for action or relates topic to larger context

of issues



What are the three kinds of

persuasive appeals?

Logos

Ethos

Pathos



Define logos

Quality of message

Logic of argument

Guiding Questions:

How can I make the argument internally consistent

and logical?

How can I find the best reasons and support them

with the best evidence?



Define Ethos

Credibility of writer

Conveyed through writer’s investment in claim,

fairness to alternative views, author’s tone, style,

attention to grammar and mechanics

Guiding Questions:

How can I present myself effectively?

How can I enhance my credibility andtrustworthiness?



Define Pathos

Values and beliefs of intended audience

Often associated with emotional appeal

Imaginative sympathies

Guiding Questions: How can I make the reader open to my message?

How can I best appeal to my reader’s values and

interests?

How can I engage my reader emotionally andimaginatively?

H Id if i f i



How to Identify an information

question

Examine purpose in relationship to audience

Teacher to learner

Hope audience gains new information, knowledge, orunderstanding

How does a diesel engine work?

Why is a diesel engine more fuel efficient than a gasoline

engine? What is the most cost-effective way to produce diesel fuel

from crude oil?



How to Identify an Issue question

Examine purpose in relationship to audience

Advocate to decision maker or jury

Audience must make up its mind on something and

must weigh different points of view

Should the present highway tax on diesel fuel beincreased?

Pg. 63

Wh f d i l



What factors do rational arguments

require?

1. reasonable participants who operate within the

conventions of reasonable behavior

2. potentially sharable assumptions that can serve

as a starting place or foundation for argument

If either factor is missing, the result is a pseudo

argument.



How is a pseudo-argument created?

No possibility for listening, learning, growth, or

change by audience

Lack of shared assumptions or common ground

Bible interpretations

Personal opinions

Opera is boring

Pg. 65



Epic Rap Battles of History

How is this clip an example of a classical

argument?



Shakespeare Vs. Seuss Discussion

www

1. Which character had the best argument? Who do

you think won?

2. What were some of the arguments made by thewinner?

3. How did the winner refute his opponent’s

arguments?4. What were some of the opponent’s key arguments?



For Wednesday...

Watch the assigned video clips

Answer the questions listed on the previous slide.

Think of two other characters who should battle.



Video Clip Assignments

Easter Bunny vs. Genghis Khan; Michael Jackson vs. Elvis Presley

Brittany Altmeyer, Ashley Berkich, Leah Liberi, Angelia Bianchi,Kaila Crivello, Sarah Csider

Batman vs. Sherlock Holmes; Steve Jobs vs. Bill Gates

Shawn Fahey, Chris Gallick, Alex Gola, Luke Kail, Emily Knorr,Danielle Delrosso

Steven Hawking vs. Einstein; Mr. Rogers vs. Mr. T

Mark Nath, Bob Perrin, Shaye Rainey, Brian Richards, Allayna

Schneider, Casey Stewart

Moses vs. Santa; Mario Bros. vs. Wright Bros.

Kody Torok, Paige Wagner, Chris Wolowicz, Nate Sharp, DougWoodin, Cody DeCarlo, Elias Luhatwa

frag & run on; ramage chapter 3

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