Friendly Warning

Test # 2 follows completion of Chapter 4:

Thursday: 5 March 2015

covers Chapters 2, 3 & 4

Review Sheets for 2, 3 & 4 now on Course Website

Includes Listening Examples

CHAPTER 4

“I Got Rhythm” :The Golden Age of Tin Pan Alley

Song, 1920s and 1930s

Chapter 4 (outline)

• Tin Pan Alley Song Form

• What Were Tin Pan Alley Songs About?

• What Makes a Song a “Standard”?

• Tin Pan Alley and Broadway

Richard Rodgers (1902-1979)• German-Jewish family

• Columbia U

• Teams w/ Hart (1919)

• Garrick Gaieties (1925)

• Broadway & London

• Hollywood – 1930-35

• Broadway (1935-42)

• Hart – difficult co-worker (alcoholic & homosexual)

• Use of internal rhyme, enjambment, etc.

• Songs for “adults”

Rodgers (at the piano) teamed with Lorenz (“Larry”) Hart [1895-1943]

in the years 1919-1942

Rodgers & Hart Songs

• “Manhattan” (Garrick Gaieties, 1925)- I'll Take Manhattan 1929 song from Rodgers and Hart - YouTube

• “Blue Moon” (for MGM, 1934)- Blue Moon - original version from the movie Manhattan Melodrama – YouTube

- Elvis Presley Blue Moon

• “My Funny Valentine” (Babes in Arms, 1937)- Ella Fitzgerald - My Funny Valentine - High Quality jazz - xxx - YouTube

Cole Porter (1891-1964)• Wealthy Indiana family

• Yale (English & music minor)

• Harvard Law School

• Paris (1917-24)- War & relief work- classical music

• Broadway, from 1928- Paris (1928) - 1st hit- Anything Goes (1934-35)- Kiss Me, Kate (1948-51)

• Words & Music

• Sophisticated, Witty & Adult

Cover of Time (31 January 1949)

Cole Porter Songs • “Let’s Do It, Let’s Fall In Love,” Paris (1928)

- Bing Crosby-"Let's Do It, Let's Fall In Love" - YouTube

• “Anything Goes,” Anything Goes (1934)- Anything Goes performance on the 2011 Tony Awards - YouTube

• “You’re The Top,” Anything Goes (1934)- Cole Porter - You're The Top – YouTube (CP sings)

• “Brush Up Your Shakespeare,” Kiss Me Kate (1948)- Kiss Me Kate-Brush Up Your Shakespeare – YouTube- Lyrics: Brush up Your Shakespeare Lyrics

What’s a Standard?

• Glenn Miller (1940s Big Band)- MY BLUE HEAVEN Glenn Miller Version The Swing ERA

• Frank Sinatra (1960s Las Vegas)- ♥ "My Blue Heaven" ♫ Frank Sinatra - YouTube

• Leon Redbone (recreates 1920s Vaudeville)- My Blue Heaven — Leon Redbone – YouTube

• Fats Domino (1950s R&B)- Fats Domino - My Blue Heaven – YouTube

• The Platters (1950s Doo Wop)- The Platters - My Blue Heaven (1959)

• Crystal Gayle (1980s Country)- Crystal Gayle ~ My Blue Heaven

• Smashing Pumpkins (Alt Rock)- Smashing Pumpkins - My Blue Heaven

• Norah Jones (Adult Contemporary)- Norah Jones - My Blue Heaven - Virgin Sounds

• Cha Cha Cha (just plain weird 1950s?)- EDUARDO FERNANDEZ * * MY BLUE HEAVEN CHA CHA CHA

Some covers of “My Blue Heaven”

Test # 2 Materials end here

Anything on the following slides will be included on Test # 3

Chapter 5

“St Louis Blues” :Race Records and Hillbilly Music,

1920s and 1930s

Chapter 5 (outline)• Race Records• Classic Blues• Understanding Twelve-Bar Blues• The Country Blues

- Charley Patton- Blind-Lemon Jefferson…- Robert Johnson

• Early Country Music: Hillbilly Records• Pioneers of Country Music• Popular Music and the Great Depression

Expanding Markets

• 1921 – 100,000,000 records sold, but….• c. 1922 (& later) – Radio & Networks founded• Sales of discs decline (why?)• Ignored Markets?• Rural South (moving Northward after 1919)• Agrarian Whites = “Hillbilly” or “Old Time Music”• Blacks (anywhere) = “Race Records”• All (previously ignored) folk music traditions

“Race Records”• RCA Victor (c. 1903)

- pseudo “Black” artists- “Coon shouters” (white females)

• Okeh Records (1916)- Otto K.E. Heinemann (German)- records Mamie Smith (1920)- Ralph Peer : “Race Records”

• Black Swan (1921)- Pace (Af-Am song publisher)- bankrupt by Dec. 1923

• Paramount Records (1910s)- Wisconsin Chair Company- pressing plant for Black Swan- buys out Black Swan (1924)

Exs. of Early “Race” Recordings

• (1902) – Dinwiddie Colored Quartet- Dinwiddie Colored Quartet, ''Down on the Old Campground'' (1902) - YouTube

• (1920) Mamie Smith- Mamie Smith - Crazy blues – YouTube

• (1926) Blind Lemon Jefferson- 'That Black Snake Moan' BLIND LEMON JEFFERSON (1926) Texas Blues Guitar Legend - YouTube

• (1928) Bessie Smith- Bessie Smith (Empty Bed Blues, 1928) Jazz Legend - YouTube

Mamie Smith (1883-1946)• Vaudeville performer

- singer, dancer, pianist, actress, etc.

• Performs in all styles- jazz, blues, etc.

• August 1920 (NYC)- Okeh Records- 1st Af-Am performer to record “Blues”

• Exs.- Mamie Smith - Crazy blues – YouTube ("Crazy Blues" Lyrics)- Mamie Smith "Harlem Blues" 1935 - YouTube

• “Queen of the Blues”

“Ma Rainey” (Gertrude Pridgett) (1886-1939)

• Southern Black minstrel and tent shows (T.O.B.A. in 1924)

• Blues singer from c. 1902• 1923 recordings for Paramount• EX. Gertrude 'Ma' Rainey -

Bad Luck Blues - YouTube• Rougher vocal style

(also lesser quality of Paramount recordings)

• “Mother of the Blues”• “Songbird of the South”

Bessie Smith (1894-1937)• Street busker (Chattanooga)• Performer on T.O.B.A. circuit• 1923 – Recordings for Columbia -

marketed as “race” records

• Highest paid Black performer• Exs.

- Bessie Smith (Down Hearted Blues, 1923) Jazz Legend – YouTube- Bessie Smith - St. Louis Blues (1925) – YouTube (Textbook LG, p. 132-4)- Bessie Smith (Empty Bed Blues, 1928) Jazz Legend – YouTube- Bessie Smith- I need A Little Sugar In My bowl

• “Empress of the Blues”

The Blues (basic traits) [p. 134-6]

• Standard form – 3 phrases of 4 measuresA – statementA(‘) – restatement (or intensification)B – completion/conclusion

• “12-bar Blues” (simple harmonies)I I I I

IV IV I I V IV I I• “Call and Response” (voice & instruments)• Double entendres (“I need a little sugar in my bowl, I

need a little hotdog on my roll….”: Bessie Smith)