fusion: creating a star on earth (slide 55 to 67 of 67) general atomics in san diego, ca ... 60...
TRANSCRIPT
55
56
Where are the Current Major Fusion Energy Research Projects?
Where are the Current Where are the Current Major Fusion Energy Major Fusion Energy Research Projects?Research Projects?
JET from the European Community
JT-60U in Japan
NOVA at Lawrence Livermore Labs in California
TFTR at PPPL in Princeton, New Jersey
DIII-D at General Atomics in San Diego, CA
List of Major Programs/Devices WorldwideList of Major Programs/Devices Worldwide
57
58
NOVA Machine Used Inertial Confinement NOVA Machine Used Inertial Confinement (Has Not Proved as Successful as (Has Not Proved as Successful as
Magnetic Confinement)Magnetic Confinement)
59
TFTR is located at PPPLTFTR is located at PPPLPrinceton, New JerseyPrinceton, New Jersey
60
DIII-D is Located at General AtomicsDIII-D is Located at General AtomicsSan Diego, CASan Diego, CA
ITERITER((International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor)International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor)
• Cooperative effort by Europe, Japan, U.S. and Russia
• Conceptual Design Activity completed
• Engineering Design Activity is underway
– Three sites: San Diego, U.S.A., Garching, Germany and Naka, Japan
– Detailed engineering and protoype testing
– Cost of $300 M per party over 6 years
• Decision to proceed with construction will be made in 1995
61
62
ITERITER(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor)(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor)
30 meters diameter30 meters tall
63
ITER
Fusion Experiments Now ApproachFusion Experiments Now ApproachIgnition ConditionsIgnition Conditions
64
TFTR 87
TFTR 88
JET 88TFTR 86
JET 89
JET 88
JET 86
JET 89
DIII-D 89
TFTR 86ALC-C 83
DIII-D 89
DIII-D 89
DIII-D 89
JET 89
DIII-D 90
TFTR 90
DIII–D 91
Q = 1 Non-Maxwellian
JT–60U 92
JET 88
DIII-D 89DIII-D 89
JT–60U 92TFTR 88
Confinement Quality(Number of particles per cubic meter confined for one second)
10 10 10 1018 19 20 21
Ion
Tem
pera
ture
(M ˚C
)
400
300
200
100
0
500
JET 91 DT
JET 91
JT–60U 92
TFTR 92
ne(0) τE (m–3 s)
DIII–D 93
JT–60U 93
TFTR 93 DT Fusion ProcessDemonstrated
Q = 1
Fusion as anElectrical Source
Q = ∞
PLTPDXJET
DIII & DIII-D
Princeton Large TokamakPrinceton Divertor ExperimentJoint European TorusGeneral Atomics Tokamak Experiments
TFTRALCATOR C
ITERJT–60U
Princeton Plasma Physics LaboratoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyInternational Thermonuclear Experimental ReactorJapanese Tokamak Experiment
TFTR
FUSION POWER
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
ALCATOR C
PLTDIII
TFTR JET / TFTR
ITER
Achieved (DD)Achieved (DT)Projected (DT)
1,000
100
10
1000
100
10
1000
100
10
1
PDX DIII-D
MWth
kWth
Wth
JET
JT–60U
LIGHT BULB
HOUSE
POWERPLANT
65
What Progress Has Been MadeWhat Progress Has Been Madein Magnetic Fusion?in Magnetic Fusion?
World Energy Resources Indicate NewWorld Energy Resources Indicate NewSources of Clean Energy Must be FoundSources of Clean Energy Must be Found
ANNUAL USE 0.3 Q/yearANNUAL USE 0.3 Q/year
OilFossilUraniumLithiumDeuteriumDeuterium
1380
9,0007,600
16,000,00016,000,000
In units of Q or 1018 BTU
66
